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+(*
+  Rewriting the Python implementation of the register VM in OCaml to see how
+  how much imperative/mutative programming OCaml allows.
+
+  Note: Some of this code is intentionally not written in a functional style
+  because one of the goals was to see how similar this OCaml implementation
+  could be to the Python implementation.
+
+  Conclusion: It's pretty easy to switch between the two languages.
+
+  Usage: Recommended compilation settings I hastily found online:
+  $ ocamlopt -w +A-42-48 -warn-error +A-3-44 ./register_vm.ml && ./a.out
+
+  Formatting:
+  $ ocamlformat --inplace --enable-outside-detected-project ./register_vm.ml
+ *)
+
+open Vec
+
+type reg = X | Y | Res
+type binop = int -> int -> int
+
+type ast =
+  | Const of int
+  | Add of ast * ast
+  | Sub of ast * ast
+  | Mul of ast * ast
+  | Div of ast * ast
+
+type opcode0 =
+  | Op0AssignRegLit of reg * int
+  | Op0AssignRegReg of reg * reg
+  | Op0BinOp of binop * reg * reg * reg
+  | Op0PushReg of reg
+  | Op0PopAndSet of reg
+  | Op0Null
+
+type opcode1 =
+  | Op1AssignRegLit of int * int
+  | Op1AssignRegReg of int * int
+  | Op1BinOp of (int -> int -> int) * int * int * int
+  | Op1PushReg of int
+  | Op1PopAndSet of int
+  | Op1Null
+
+type opcodes0 = opcode0 vec
+type opcodes1 = opcode1 vec
+
+let registers : int vec = Vec.make 8 0
+let stack : int Stack.t = Stack.create ()
+let reg_idx (r : reg) : int = match r with X -> 0 | Y -> 1 | Res -> 2
+
+let reg_name (r : reg) : string =
+  match r with X -> "x" | Y -> "y" | Res -> "res"
+
+let print_opcodes0 (xs : opcodes0) : opcodes0 =
+  let print_opcode x =
+    match x with
+    | Op0AssignRegLit (r, x) -> Printf.printf "%s <- %d\n" (reg_name r) x
+    | Op0AssignRegReg (dst, src) ->
+        Printf.printf "%s <- $%s\n" (reg_name dst) (reg_name src)
+    | Op0PushReg src -> Printf.printf "push $%s\n" (reg_name src)
+    | Op0PopAndSet dst -> Printf.printf "%s <- pop\n" (reg_name dst)
+    | Op0BinOp (_, lhs, rhs, dst) ->
+        Printf.printf "%s <- $%s ? $%s\n" (reg_name dst) (reg_name lhs)
+          (reg_name rhs)
+    | Op0Null -> ()
+  in
+  Vec.iter print_opcode xs;
+  xs
+
+let rec compile (ast : ast) : opcodes0 =
+  let result : opcodes0 = Vec.create () in
+  (match ast with
+   | Const x -> Vec.append (Op0AssignRegLit (Res, x)) result;
+   | Add (lhs, rhs) -> compile_bin_op ( + ) lhs rhs result
+   | Sub (lhs, rhs) -> compile_bin_op ( - ) lhs rhs result
+   | Mul (lhs, rhs) -> compile_bin_op ( * ) lhs rhs result
+   | Div (lhs, rhs) -> compile_bin_op ( / ) lhs rhs result);
+  result
+
+and compile_bin_op (f : binop) (lhs : ast) (rhs : ast) (result : opcodes0) =
+  lhs |> compile |> Vec.append_to result;
+  Vec.append (Op0PushReg Res) result;
+  rhs |> compile |> Vec.append_to result;
+  Vec.append (Op0PopAndSet X) result;
+  Vec.append (Op0AssignRegReg (Y, Res)) result;
+  Vec.append (Op0BinOp (f, X, Y, Res)) result
+
+let compile_registers (xs : opcodes0) : opcodes1 =
+  let do_compile x =
+    match x with
+    | Op0AssignRegLit (dst, x) -> Op1AssignRegLit (reg_idx dst, x)
+    | Op0AssignRegReg (dst, src) -> Op1AssignRegReg (reg_idx dst, reg_idx src)
+    | Op0PushReg src -> Op1PushReg (reg_idx src)
+    | Op0PopAndSet dst -> Op1PopAndSet (reg_idx dst)
+    | Op0BinOp (f, lhs, rhs, dst) -> Op1BinOp (f, reg_idx lhs, reg_idx rhs, reg_idx dst)
+    | Op0Null -> Op1Null
+  in
+  Vec.map do_compile xs
+
+let eval (xs : opcodes1) : int =
+  let ip = ref 0 in
+  while !ip < Vec.length xs do
+    match Vec.get_unsafe !ip xs with
+    | Op1AssignRegLit (dst, x) ->
+        Vec.set dst x registers;
+        ip := !ip + 1
+    | Op1AssignRegReg (dst, src) ->
+        Vec.set dst (Vec.get_unsafe src registers) registers;
+        ip := !ip + 1
+    | Op1PushReg src ->
+        Stack.push (Vec.get_unsafe src registers) stack;
+        ip := !ip + 1
+    | Op1PopAndSet dst ->
+        Vec.set dst (Stack.pop stack) registers;
+        ip := !ip + 1
+    | Op1BinOp (f, lhs, rhs, dst) ->
+        let lhs = Vec.get_unsafe lhs registers in
+        let rhs = Vec.get_unsafe rhs registers in
+        Vec.set dst (f lhs rhs) registers;
+        ip := !ip + 1
+    | Op1Null -> ip := !ip + 1
+  done;
+  Vec.get_unsafe (reg_idx Res) registers
+;;
+
+Add (Mul (Const 2, Div (Const 100, Const 2)), Const 5)
+|> compile |> print_opcodes0 |> compile_registers |> eval |> print_int