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+{-# LANGUAGE CPP, MultiParamTypeClasses, FlexibleContexts, BangPatterns, TypeFamilies, ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+-- |
+-- Module      : Data.Vector.Generic.Mutable
+-- Copyright   : (c) Roman Leshchinskiy 2008-2010
+-- License     : BSD-style
+--
+-- Maintainer  : Roman Leshchinskiy <rl@cse.unsw.edu.au>
+-- Stability   : experimental
+-- Portability : non-portable
+--
+-- Generic interface to mutable vectors
+--
+
+module Data.Vector.Generic.Mutable (
+  -- * Class of mutable vector types
+  MVector(..),
+
+  -- * Accessors
+
+  -- ** Length information
+  length, null,
+
+  -- ** Extracting subvectors
+  slice, init, tail, take, drop, splitAt,
+  unsafeSlice, unsafeInit, unsafeTail, unsafeTake, unsafeDrop,
+
+  -- ** Overlapping
+  overlaps,
+
+  -- * Construction
+
+  -- ** Initialisation
+  new, unsafeNew, replicate, replicateM, clone,
+
+  -- ** Growing
+  grow, unsafeGrow,
+  growFront, unsafeGrowFront,
+
+  -- ** Restricting memory usage
+  clear,
+
+  -- * Accessing individual elements
+  read, write, modify, swap, exchange,
+  unsafeRead, unsafeWrite, unsafeModify, unsafeSwap, unsafeExchange,
+
+  -- * Modifying vectors
+  nextPermutation,
+
+  -- ** Filling and copying
+  set, copy, move, unsafeCopy, unsafeMove,
+
+  -- * Internal operations
+  mstream, mstreamR,
+  unstream, unstreamR, vunstream,
+  munstream, munstreamR,
+  transform, transformR,
+  fill, fillR,
+  unsafeAccum, accum, unsafeUpdate, update, reverse,
+  unstablePartition, unstablePartitionBundle, partitionBundle
+) where
+
+import           Data.Vector.Generic.Mutable.Base
+import qualified Data.Vector.Generic.Base as V
+
+import qualified Data.Vector.Fusion.Bundle      as Bundle
+import           Data.Vector.Fusion.Bundle      ( Bundle, MBundle, Chunk(..) )
+import qualified Data.Vector.Fusion.Bundle.Monadic as MBundle
+import           Data.Vector.Fusion.Stream.Monadic ( Stream )
+import qualified Data.Vector.Fusion.Stream.Monadic as Stream
+import           Data.Vector.Fusion.Bundle.Size
+import           Data.Vector.Fusion.Util        ( delay_inline )
+
+import Control.Monad.Primitive ( PrimMonad, PrimState )
+
+import Prelude hiding ( length, null, replicate, reverse, map, read,
+                        take, drop, splitAt, init, tail )
+
+#include "vector.h"
+
+{-
+type family Immutable (v :: * -> * -> *) :: * -> *
+
+-- | Class of mutable vectors parametrised with a primitive state token.
+--
+class MBundle.Pointer u a => MVector v a where
+  -- | Length of the mutable vector. This method should not be
+  -- called directly, use 'length' instead.
+  basicLength       :: v s a -> Int
+
+  -- | Yield a part of the mutable vector without copying it. This method
+  -- should not be called directly, use 'unsafeSlice' instead.
+  basicUnsafeSlice :: Int  -- ^ starting index
+                   -> Int  -- ^ length of the slice
+                   -> v s a
+                   -> v s a
+
+  -- Check whether two vectors overlap. This method should not be
+  -- called directly, use 'overlaps' instead.
+  basicOverlaps    :: v s a -> v s a -> Bool
+
+  -- | Create a mutable vector of the given length. This method should not be
+  -- called directly, use 'unsafeNew' instead.
+  basicUnsafeNew   :: PrimMonad m => Int -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+
+  -- | Create a mutable vector of the given length and fill it with an
+  -- initial value. This method should not be called directly, use
+  -- 'replicate' instead.
+  basicUnsafeReplicate :: PrimMonad m => Int -> a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+
+  -- | Yield the element at the given position. This method should not be
+  -- called directly, use 'unsafeRead' instead.
+  basicUnsafeRead  :: PrimMonad m => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> m a
+
+  -- | Replace the element at the given position. This method should not be
+  -- called directly, use 'unsafeWrite' instead.
+  basicUnsafeWrite :: PrimMonad m => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> a -> m ()
+
+  -- | Reset all elements of the vector to some undefined value, clearing all
+  -- references to external objects. This is usually a noop for unboxed
+  -- vectors. This method should not be called directly, use 'clear' instead.
+  basicClear       :: PrimMonad m => v (PrimState m) a -> m ()
+
+  -- | Set all elements of the vector to the given value. This method should
+  -- not be called directly, use 'set' instead.
+  basicSet         :: PrimMonad m => v (PrimState m) a -> a -> m ()
+
+  basicUnsafeCopyPointer :: PrimMonad m => v (PrimState m) a
+                                        -> Immutable v a
+                                        -> m ()
+
+  -- | Copy a vector. The two vectors may not overlap. This method should not
+  -- be called directly, use 'unsafeCopy' instead.
+  basicUnsafeCopy  :: PrimMonad m => v (PrimState m) a   -- ^ target
+                                  -> v (PrimState m) a   -- ^ source
+                                  -> m ()
+
+  -- | Move the contents of a vector. The two vectors may overlap. This method
+  -- should not be called directly, use 'unsafeMove' instead.
+  basicUnsafeMove  :: PrimMonad m => v (PrimState m) a   -- ^ target
+                                  -> v (PrimState m) a   -- ^ source
+                                  -> m ()
+
+  -- | Grow a vector by the given number of elements. This method should not be
+  -- called directly, use 'unsafeGrow' instead.
+  basicUnsafeGrow  :: PrimMonad m => v (PrimState m) a -> Int
+                                                       -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+
+  {-# INLINE basicUnsafeReplicate #-}
+  basicUnsafeReplicate n x
+    = do
+        v <- basicUnsafeNew n
+        basicSet v x
+        return v
+
+  {-# INLINE basicClear #-}
+  basicClear _ = return ()
+
+  {-# INLINE basicSet #-}
+  basicSet !v x
+    | n == 0    = return ()
+    | otherwise = do
+                    basicUnsafeWrite v 0 x
+                    do_set 1
+    where
+      !n = basicLength v
+
+      do_set i | 2*i < n = do basicUnsafeCopy (basicUnsafeSlice i i v)
+                                              (basicUnsafeSlice 0 i v)
+                              do_set (2*i)
+               | otherwise = basicUnsafeCopy (basicUnsafeSlice i (n-i) v)
+                                             (basicUnsafeSlice 0 (n-i) v)
+
+  {-# INLINE basicUnsafeCopyPointer #-}
+  basicUnsafeCopyPointer !dst !src = do_copy 0 src
+    where
+      do_copy !i p | Just (x,q) <- MBundle.pget p = do
+                                                      basicUnsafeWrite dst i x
+                                                      do_copy (i+1) q
+                   | otherwise = return ()
+
+  {-# INLINE basicUnsafeCopy #-}
+  basicUnsafeCopy !dst !src = do_copy 0
+    where
+      !n = basicLength src
+
+      do_copy i | i < n = do
+                            x <- basicUnsafeRead src i
+                            basicUnsafeWrite dst i x
+                            do_copy (i+1)
+                | otherwise = return ()
+
+  {-# INLINE basicUnsafeMove #-}
+  basicUnsafeMove !dst !src
+    | basicOverlaps dst src = do
+        srcCopy <- clone src
+        basicUnsafeCopy dst srcCopy
+    | otherwise = basicUnsafeCopy dst src
+
+  {-# INLINE basicUnsafeGrow #-}
+  basicUnsafeGrow v by
+    = do
+        v' <- basicUnsafeNew (n+by)
+        basicUnsafeCopy (basicUnsafeSlice 0 n v') v
+        return v'
+    where
+      n = basicLength v
+-}
+
+-- ------------------
+-- Internal functions
+-- ------------------
+
+unsafeAppend1 :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+        => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE_INNER unsafeAppend1 #-}
+    -- NOTE: The case distinction has to be on the outside because
+    -- GHC creates a join point for the unsafeWrite even when everything
+    -- is inlined. This is bad because with the join point, v isn't getting
+    -- unboxed.
+unsafeAppend1 v i x
+  | i < length v = do
+                     unsafeWrite v i x
+                     return v
+  | otherwise    = do
+                     v' <- enlarge v
+                     INTERNAL_CHECK(checkIndex) "unsafeAppend1" i (length v')
+                       $ unsafeWrite v' i x
+                     return v'
+
+unsafePrepend1 :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+        => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> a -> m (v (PrimState m) a, Int)
+{-# INLINE_INNER unsafePrepend1 #-}
+unsafePrepend1 v i x
+  | i /= 0    = do
+                  let i' = i-1
+                  unsafeWrite v i' x
+                  return (v, i')
+  | otherwise = do
+                  (v', j) <- enlargeFront v
+                  let i' = j-1
+                  INTERNAL_CHECK(checkIndex) "unsafePrepend1" i' (length v')
+                    $ unsafeWrite v' i' x
+                  return (v', i')
+
+mstream :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a -> Stream m a
+{-# INLINE mstream #-}
+mstream v = v `seq` n `seq` (Stream.unfoldrM get 0)
+  where
+    n = length v
+
+    {-# INLINE_INNER get #-}
+    get i | i < n     = do x <- unsafeRead v i
+                           return $ Just (x, i+1)
+          | otherwise = return $ Nothing
+
+fill :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+     => v (PrimState m) a -> Stream m a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE fill #-}
+fill v s = v `seq` do
+                     n' <- Stream.foldM put 0 s
+                     return $ unsafeSlice 0 n' v
+  where
+    {-# INLINE_INNER put #-}
+    put i x = do
+                INTERNAL_CHECK(checkIndex) "fill" i (length v)
+                  $ unsafeWrite v i x
+                return (i+1)
+
+transform
+  :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+  => (Stream m a -> Stream m a) -> v (PrimState m) a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE_FUSED transform #-}
+transform f v = fill v (f (mstream v))
+
+mstreamR :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a -> Stream m a
+{-# INLINE mstreamR #-}
+mstreamR v = v `seq` n `seq` (Stream.unfoldrM get n)
+  where
+    n = length v
+
+    {-# INLINE_INNER get #-}
+    get i | j >= 0    = do x <- unsafeRead v j
+                           return $ Just (x,j)
+          | otherwise = return Nothing
+      where
+        j = i-1
+
+fillR :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+      => v (PrimState m) a -> Stream m a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE fillR #-}
+fillR v s = v `seq` do
+                      i <- Stream.foldM put n s
+                      return $ unsafeSlice i (n-i) v
+  where
+    n = length v
+
+    {-# INLINE_INNER put #-}
+    put i x = do
+                unsafeWrite v j x
+                return j
+      where
+        j = i-1
+
+transformR
+  :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+  => (Stream m a -> Stream m a) -> v (PrimState m) a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE_FUSED transformR #-}
+transformR f v = fillR v (f (mstreamR v))
+
+-- | Create a new mutable vector and fill it with elements from the 'Bundle'.
+-- The vector will grow exponentially if the maximum size of the 'Bundle' is
+-- unknown.
+unstream :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+         => Bundle u a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+-- NOTE: replace INLINE_FUSED by INLINE? (also in unstreamR)
+{-# INLINE_FUSED unstream #-}
+unstream s = munstream (Bundle.lift s)
+
+-- | Create a new mutable vector and fill it with elements from the monadic
+-- stream. The vector will grow exponentially if the maximum size of the stream
+-- is unknown.
+munstream :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+          => MBundle m u a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE_FUSED munstream #-}
+munstream s = case upperBound (MBundle.size s) of
+               Just n  -> munstreamMax     s n
+               Nothing -> munstreamUnknown s
+
+-- FIXME: I can't think of how to prevent GHC from floating out
+-- unstreamUnknown. That is bad because SpecConstr then generates two
+-- specialisations: one for when it is called from unstream (it doesn't know
+-- the shape of the vector) and one for when the vector has grown. To see the
+-- problem simply compile this:
+--
+-- fromList = Data.Vector.Unboxed.unstream . Bundle.fromList
+--
+-- I'm not sure this still applies (19/04/2010)
+
+munstreamMax :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+             => MBundle m u a -> Int -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE munstreamMax #-}
+munstreamMax s n
+  = do
+      v <- INTERNAL_CHECK(checkLength) "munstreamMax" n
+           $ unsafeNew n
+      let put i x = do
+                       INTERNAL_CHECK(checkIndex) "munstreamMax" i n
+                         $ unsafeWrite v i x
+                       return (i+1)
+      n' <- MBundle.foldM' put 0 s
+      return $ INTERNAL_CHECK(checkSlice) "munstreamMax" 0 n' n
+             $ unsafeSlice 0 n' v
+
+munstreamUnknown :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+                 => MBundle m u a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE munstreamUnknown #-}
+munstreamUnknown s
+  = do
+      v <- unsafeNew 0
+      (v', n) <- MBundle.foldM put (v, 0) s
+      return $ INTERNAL_CHECK(checkSlice) "munstreamUnknown" 0 n (length v')
+             $ unsafeSlice 0 n v'
+  where
+    {-# INLINE_INNER put #-}
+    put (v,i) x = do
+                    v' <- unsafeAppend1 v i x
+                    return (v',i+1)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-- | Create a new mutable vector and fill it with elements from the 'Bundle'.
+-- The vector will grow exponentially if the maximum size of the 'Bundle' is
+-- unknown.
+vunstream :: (PrimMonad m, V.Vector v a)
+         => Bundle v a -> m (V.Mutable v (PrimState m) a)
+-- NOTE: replace INLINE_FUSED by INLINE? (also in unstreamR)
+{-# INLINE_FUSED vunstream #-}
+vunstream s = vmunstream (Bundle.lift s)
+
+-- | Create a new mutable vector and fill it with elements from the monadic
+-- stream. The vector will grow exponentially if the maximum size of the stream
+-- is unknown.
+vmunstream :: (PrimMonad m, V.Vector v a)
+           => MBundle m v a -> m (V.Mutable v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE_FUSED vmunstream #-}
+vmunstream s = case upperBound (MBundle.size s) of
+               Just n  -> vmunstreamMax     s n
+               Nothing -> vmunstreamUnknown s
+
+-- FIXME: I can't think of how to prevent GHC from floating out
+-- unstreamUnknown. That is bad because SpecConstr then generates two
+-- specialisations: one for when it is called from unstream (it doesn't know
+-- the shape of the vector) and one for when the vector has grown. To see the
+-- problem simply compile this:
+--
+-- fromList = Data.Vector.Unboxed.unstream . Bundle.fromList
+--
+-- I'm not sure this still applies (19/04/2010)
+
+vmunstreamMax :: (PrimMonad m, V.Vector v a)
+              => MBundle m v a -> Int -> m (V.Mutable v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE vmunstreamMax #-}
+vmunstreamMax s n
+  = do
+      v <- INTERNAL_CHECK(checkLength) "munstreamMax" n
+           $ unsafeNew n
+      let {-# INLINE_INNER copyChunk #-}
+          copyChunk i (Chunk m f) =
+            INTERNAL_CHECK(checkSlice) "munstreamMax.copyChunk" i m (length v) $ do
+              f (basicUnsafeSlice i m v)
+              return (i+m)
+
+      n' <- Stream.foldlM' copyChunk 0 (MBundle.chunks s)
+      return $ INTERNAL_CHECK(checkSlice) "munstreamMax" 0 n' n
+             $ unsafeSlice 0 n' v
+
+vmunstreamUnknown :: (PrimMonad m, V.Vector v a)
+                 => MBundle m v a -> m (V.Mutable v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE vmunstreamUnknown #-}
+vmunstreamUnknown s
+  = do
+      v <- unsafeNew 0
+      (v', n) <- Stream.foldlM copyChunk (v,0) (MBundle.chunks s)
+      return $ INTERNAL_CHECK(checkSlice) "munstreamUnknown" 0 n (length v')
+             $ unsafeSlice 0 n v'
+  where
+    {-# INLINE_INNER copyChunk #-}
+    copyChunk (v,i) (Chunk n f)
+      = do
+          let j = i+n
+          v' <- if basicLength v < j
+                  then unsafeGrow v (delay_inline max (enlarge_delta v) (j - basicLength v))
+                  else return v
+          INTERNAL_CHECK(checkSlice) "munstreamUnknown.copyChunk" i n (length v')
+            $ f (basicUnsafeSlice i n v')
+          return (v',j)
+
+
+
+
+-- | Create a new mutable vector and fill it with elements from the 'Bundle'
+-- from right to left. The vector will grow exponentially if the maximum size
+-- of the 'Bundle' is unknown.
+unstreamR :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+          => Bundle u a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+-- NOTE: replace INLINE_FUSED by INLINE? (also in unstream)
+{-# INLINE_FUSED unstreamR #-}
+unstreamR s = munstreamR (Bundle.lift s)
+
+-- | Create a new mutable vector and fill it with elements from the monadic
+-- stream from right to left. The vector will grow exponentially if the maximum
+-- size of the stream is unknown.
+munstreamR :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+           => MBundle m u a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE_FUSED munstreamR #-}
+munstreamR s = case upperBound (MBundle.size s) of
+               Just n  -> munstreamRMax     s n
+               Nothing -> munstreamRUnknown s
+
+munstreamRMax :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+              => MBundle m u a -> Int -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE munstreamRMax #-}
+munstreamRMax s n
+  = do
+      v <- INTERNAL_CHECK(checkLength) "munstreamRMax" n
+           $ unsafeNew n
+      let put i x = do
+                      let i' = i-1
+                      INTERNAL_CHECK(checkIndex) "munstreamRMax" i' n
+                        $ unsafeWrite v i' x
+                      return i'
+      i <- MBundle.foldM' put n s
+      return $ INTERNAL_CHECK(checkSlice) "munstreamRMax" i (n-i) n
+             $ unsafeSlice i (n-i) v
+
+munstreamRUnknown :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+                  => MBundle m u a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE munstreamRUnknown #-}
+munstreamRUnknown s
+  = do
+      v <- unsafeNew 0
+      (v', i) <- MBundle.foldM put (v, 0) s
+      let n = length v'
+      return $ INTERNAL_CHECK(checkSlice) "unstreamRUnknown" i (n-i) n
+             $ unsafeSlice i (n-i) v'
+  where
+    {-# INLINE_INNER put #-}
+    put (v,i) x = unsafePrepend1 v i x
+
+-- Length
+-- ------
+
+-- | Length of the mutable vector.
+length :: MVector v a => v s a -> Int
+{-# INLINE length #-}
+length = basicLength
+
+-- | Check whether the vector is empty
+null :: MVector v a => v s a -> Bool
+{-# INLINE null #-}
+null v = length v == 0
+
+-- Extracting subvectors
+-- ---------------------
+
+-- | Yield a part of the mutable vector without copying it.
+slice :: MVector v a => Int -> Int -> v s a -> v s a
+{-# INLINE slice #-}
+slice i n v = BOUNDS_CHECK(checkSlice) "slice" i n (length v)
+            $ unsafeSlice i n v
+
+take :: MVector v a => Int -> v s a -> v s a
+{-# INLINE take #-}
+take n v = unsafeSlice 0 (min (max n 0) (length v)) v
+
+drop :: MVector v a => Int -> v s a -> v s a
+{-# INLINE drop #-}
+drop n v = unsafeSlice (min m n') (max 0 (m - n')) v
+  where
+    n' = max n 0
+    m  = length v
+
+{-# INLINE splitAt #-}
+splitAt :: MVector v a => Int -> v s a -> (v s a, v s a)
+splitAt n v = ( unsafeSlice 0 m v
+              , unsafeSlice m (max 0 (len - n')) v
+              )
+    where
+      m   = min n' len
+      n'  = max n 0
+      len = length v
+
+init :: MVector v a => v s a -> v s a
+{-# INLINE init #-}
+init v = slice 0 (length v - 1) v
+
+tail :: MVector v a => v s a -> v s a
+{-# INLINE tail #-}
+tail v = slice 1 (length v - 1) v
+
+-- | Yield a part of the mutable vector without copying it. No bounds checks
+-- are performed.
+unsafeSlice :: MVector v a => Int  -- ^ starting index
+                           -> Int  -- ^ length of the slice
+                           -> v s a
+                           -> v s a
+{-# INLINE unsafeSlice #-}
+unsafeSlice i n v = UNSAFE_CHECK(checkSlice) "unsafeSlice" i n (length v)
+                  $ basicUnsafeSlice i n v
+
+unsafeInit :: MVector v a => v s a -> v s a
+{-# INLINE unsafeInit #-}
+unsafeInit v = unsafeSlice 0 (length v - 1) v
+
+unsafeTail :: MVector v a => v s a -> v s a
+{-# INLINE unsafeTail #-}
+unsafeTail v = unsafeSlice 1 (length v - 1) v
+
+unsafeTake :: MVector v a => Int -> v s a -> v s a
+{-# INLINE unsafeTake #-}
+unsafeTake n v = unsafeSlice 0 n v
+
+unsafeDrop :: MVector v a => Int -> v s a -> v s a
+{-# INLINE unsafeDrop #-}
+unsafeDrop n v = unsafeSlice n (length v - n) v
+
+-- Overlapping
+-- -----------
+
+-- | Check whether two vectors overlap.
+overlaps :: MVector v a => v s a -> v s a -> Bool
+{-# INLINE overlaps #-}
+overlaps = basicOverlaps
+
+-- Initialisation
+-- --------------
+
+-- | Create a mutable vector of the given length.
+new :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => Int -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE new #-}
+new n = BOUNDS_CHECK(checkLength) "new" n
+      $ unsafeNew n >>= \v -> basicInitialize v >> return v
+
+-- | Create a mutable vector of the given length. The memory is not initialized.
+unsafeNew :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => Int -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE unsafeNew #-}
+unsafeNew n = UNSAFE_CHECK(checkLength) "unsafeNew" n
+            $ basicUnsafeNew n
+
+-- | Create a mutable vector of the given length (0 if the length is negative)
+-- and fill it with an initial value.
+replicate :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => Int -> a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE replicate #-}
+replicate n x = basicUnsafeReplicate (delay_inline max 0 n) x
+
+-- | Create a mutable vector of the given length (0 if the length is negative)
+-- and fill it with values produced by repeatedly executing the monadic action.
+replicateM :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => Int -> m a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE replicateM #-}
+replicateM n m = munstream (MBundle.replicateM n m)
+
+-- | Create a copy of a mutable vector.
+clone :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE clone #-}
+clone v = do
+            v' <- unsafeNew (length v)
+            unsafeCopy v' v
+            return v'
+
+-- Growing
+-- -------
+
+-- | Grow a vector by the given number of elements. The number must be
+-- positive.
+grow :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+                => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE grow #-}
+grow v by = BOUNDS_CHECK(checkLength) "grow" by
+          $ do vnew <- unsafeGrow v by
+               basicInitialize $ basicUnsafeSlice (length v) by vnew
+               return vnew
+
+growFront :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+                => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE growFront #-}
+growFront v by = BOUNDS_CHECK(checkLength) "growFront" by
+               $ do vnew <- unsafeGrowFront v by
+                    basicInitialize $ basicUnsafeSlice 0 by vnew
+                    return vnew
+
+enlarge_delta :: MVector v a => v s a -> Int
+enlarge_delta v = max (length v) 1
+
+-- | Grow a vector logarithmically
+enlarge :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+                => v (PrimState m) a -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE enlarge #-}
+enlarge v = do vnew <- unsafeGrow v by
+               basicInitialize $ basicUnsafeSlice (length v) by vnew
+               return vnew
+  where
+    by = enlarge_delta v
+
+enlargeFront :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+                => v (PrimState m) a -> m (v (PrimState m) a, Int)
+{-# INLINE enlargeFront #-}
+enlargeFront v = do
+                   v' <- unsafeGrowFront v by
+                   basicInitialize $ basicUnsafeSlice 0 by v'
+                   return (v', by)
+  where
+    by = enlarge_delta v
+
+-- | Grow a vector by the given number of elements. The number must be
+-- positive but this is not checked.
+unsafeGrow :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+                        => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE unsafeGrow #-}
+unsafeGrow v n = UNSAFE_CHECK(checkLength) "unsafeGrow" n
+               $ basicUnsafeGrow v n
+
+unsafeGrowFront :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+                        => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> m (v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE unsafeGrowFront #-}
+unsafeGrowFront v by = UNSAFE_CHECK(checkLength) "unsafeGrowFront" by
+                     $ do
+                         let n = length v
+                         v' <- basicUnsafeNew (by+n)
+                         basicUnsafeCopy (basicUnsafeSlice by n v') v
+                         return v'
+
+-- Restricting memory usage
+-- ------------------------
+
+-- | Reset all elements of the vector to some undefined value, clearing all
+-- references to external objects. This is usually a noop for unboxed vectors.
+clear :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a -> m ()
+{-# INLINE clear #-}
+clear = basicClear
+
+-- Accessing individual elements
+-- -----------------------------
+
+-- | Yield the element at the given position.
+read :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> m a
+{-# INLINE read #-}
+read v i = BOUNDS_CHECK(checkIndex) "read" i (length v)
+         $ unsafeRead v i
+
+-- | Replace the element at the given position.
+write :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> a -> m ()
+{-# INLINE write #-}
+write v i x = BOUNDS_CHECK(checkIndex) "write" i (length v)
+            $ unsafeWrite v i x
+
+-- | Modify the element at the given position.
+modify :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a -> (a -> a) -> Int -> m ()
+{-# INLINE modify #-}
+modify v f i = BOUNDS_CHECK(checkIndex) "modify" i (length v)
+             $ unsafeModify v f i
+
+-- | Swap the elements at the given positions.
+swap :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> Int -> m ()
+{-# INLINE swap #-}
+swap v i j = BOUNDS_CHECK(checkIndex) "swap" i (length v)
+           $ BOUNDS_CHECK(checkIndex) "swap" j (length v)
+           $ unsafeSwap v i j
+
+-- | Replace the element at the give position and return the old element.
+exchange :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> a -> m a
+{-# INLINE exchange #-}
+exchange v i x = BOUNDS_CHECK(checkIndex) "exchange" i (length v)
+               $ unsafeExchange v i x
+
+-- | Yield the element at the given position. No bounds checks are performed.
+unsafeRead :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> m a
+{-# INLINE unsafeRead #-}
+unsafeRead v i = UNSAFE_CHECK(checkIndex) "unsafeRead" i (length v)
+               $ basicUnsafeRead v i
+
+-- | Replace the element at the given position. No bounds checks are performed.
+unsafeWrite :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+                                => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> a -> m ()
+{-# INLINE unsafeWrite #-}
+unsafeWrite v i x = UNSAFE_CHECK(checkIndex) "unsafeWrite" i (length v)
+                  $ basicUnsafeWrite v i x
+
+-- | Modify the element at the given position. No bounds checks are performed.
+unsafeModify :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a -> (a -> a) -> Int -> m ()
+{-# INLINE unsafeModify #-}
+unsafeModify v f i = UNSAFE_CHECK(checkIndex) "unsafeModify" i (length v)
+                   $ basicUnsafeRead v i >>= \x ->
+                     basicUnsafeWrite v i (f x)
+
+-- | Swap the elements at the given positions. No bounds checks are performed.
+unsafeSwap :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+                => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> Int -> m ()
+{-# INLINE unsafeSwap #-}
+unsafeSwap v i j = UNSAFE_CHECK(checkIndex) "unsafeSwap" i (length v)
+                 $ UNSAFE_CHECK(checkIndex) "unsafeSwap" j (length v)
+                 $ do
+                     x <- unsafeRead v i
+                     y <- unsafeRead v j
+                     unsafeWrite v i y
+                     unsafeWrite v j x
+
+-- | Replace the element at the give position and return the old element. No
+-- bounds checks are performed.
+unsafeExchange :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+                                => v (PrimState m) a -> Int -> a -> m a
+{-# INLINE unsafeExchange #-}
+unsafeExchange v i x = UNSAFE_CHECK(checkIndex) "unsafeExchange" i (length v)
+                     $ do
+                         y <- unsafeRead v i
+                         unsafeWrite v i x
+                         return y
+
+-- Filling and copying
+-- -------------------
+
+-- | Set all elements of the vector to the given value.
+set :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a -> a -> m ()
+{-# INLINE set #-}
+set = basicSet
+
+-- | Copy a vector. The two vectors must have the same length and may not
+-- overlap.
+copy :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a   -- ^ target
+                                   -> v (PrimState m) a   -- ^ source
+                                   -> m ()
+{-# INLINE copy #-}
+copy dst src = BOUNDS_CHECK(check) "copy" "overlapping vectors"
+                                          (not (dst `overlaps` src))
+             $ BOUNDS_CHECK(check) "copy" "length mismatch"
+                                          (length dst == length src)
+             $ unsafeCopy dst src
+
+-- | Move the contents of a vector. The two vectors must have the same
+-- length.
+--
+-- If the vectors do not overlap, then this is equivalent to 'copy'.
+-- Otherwise, the copying is performed as if the source vector were
+-- copied to a temporary vector and then the temporary vector was copied
+-- to the target vector.
+move :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+                => v (PrimState m) a -> v (PrimState m) a -> m ()
+{-# INLINE move #-}
+move dst src = BOUNDS_CHECK(check) "move" "length mismatch"
+                                          (length dst == length src)
+             $ unsafeMove dst src
+
+-- | Copy a vector. The two vectors must have the same length and may not
+-- overlap. This is not checked.
+unsafeCopy :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a   -- ^ target
+                                         -> v (PrimState m) a   -- ^ source
+                                         -> m ()
+{-# INLINE unsafeCopy #-}
+unsafeCopy dst src = UNSAFE_CHECK(check) "unsafeCopy" "length mismatch"
+                                         (length dst == length src)
+                   $ UNSAFE_CHECK(check) "unsafeCopy" "overlapping vectors"
+                                         (not (dst `overlaps` src))
+                   $ (dst `seq` src `seq` basicUnsafeCopy dst src)
+
+-- | Move the contents of a vector. The two vectors must have the same
+-- length, but this is not checked.
+--
+-- If the vectors do not overlap, then this is equivalent to 'unsafeCopy'.
+-- Otherwise, the copying is performed as if the source vector were
+-- copied to a temporary vector and then the temporary vector was copied
+-- to the target vector.
+unsafeMove :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a   -- ^ target
+                                         -> v (PrimState m) a   -- ^ source
+                                         -> m ()
+{-# INLINE unsafeMove #-}
+unsafeMove dst src = UNSAFE_CHECK(check) "unsafeMove" "length mismatch"
+                                         (length dst == length src)
+                   $ (dst `seq` src `seq` basicUnsafeMove dst src)
+
+-- Permutations
+-- ------------
+
+accum :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+      => (a -> b -> a) -> v (PrimState m) a -> Bundle u (Int, b) -> m ()
+{-# INLINE accum #-}
+accum f !v s = Bundle.mapM_ upd s
+  where
+    {-# INLINE_INNER upd #-}
+    upd (i,b) = do
+                  a <- BOUNDS_CHECK(checkIndex) "accum" i n
+                     $ unsafeRead v i
+                  unsafeWrite v i (f a b)
+
+    !n = length v
+
+update :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+                        => v (PrimState m) a -> Bundle u (Int, a) -> m ()
+{-# INLINE update #-}
+update !v s = Bundle.mapM_ upd s
+  where
+    {-# INLINE_INNER upd #-}
+    upd (i,b) = BOUNDS_CHECK(checkIndex) "update" i n
+              $ unsafeWrite v i b
+
+    !n = length v
+
+unsafeAccum :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+            => (a -> b -> a) -> v (PrimState m) a -> Bundle u (Int, b) -> m ()
+{-# INLINE unsafeAccum #-}
+unsafeAccum f !v s = Bundle.mapM_ upd s
+  where
+    {-# INLINE_INNER upd #-}
+    upd (i,b) = do
+                  a <- UNSAFE_CHECK(checkIndex) "accum" i n
+                     $ unsafeRead v i
+                  unsafeWrite v i (f a b)
+
+    !n = length v
+
+unsafeUpdate :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+                        => v (PrimState m) a -> Bundle u (Int, a) -> m ()
+{-# INLINE unsafeUpdate #-}
+unsafeUpdate !v s = Bundle.mapM_ upd s
+  where
+    {-# INLINE_INNER upd #-}
+    upd (i,b) = UNSAFE_CHECK(checkIndex) "accum" i n
+                  $ unsafeWrite v i b
+
+    !n = length v
+
+reverse :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a) => v (PrimState m) a -> m ()
+{-# INLINE reverse #-}
+reverse !v = reverse_loop 0 (length v - 1)
+  where
+    reverse_loop i j | i < j = do
+                                 unsafeSwap v i j
+                                 reverse_loop (i + 1) (j - 1)
+    reverse_loop _ _ = return ()
+
+unstablePartition :: forall m v a. (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+                  => (a -> Bool) -> v (PrimState m) a -> m Int
+{-# INLINE unstablePartition #-}
+unstablePartition f !v = from_left 0 (length v)
+  where
+    -- NOTE: GHC 6.10.4 panics without the signatures on from_left and
+    -- from_right
+    from_left :: Int -> Int -> m Int
+    from_left i j
+      | i == j    = return i
+      | otherwise = do
+                      x <- unsafeRead v i
+                      if f x
+                        then from_left (i+1) j
+                        else from_right i (j-1)
+
+    from_right :: Int -> Int -> m Int
+    from_right i j
+      | i == j    = return i
+      | otherwise = do
+                      x <- unsafeRead v j
+                      if f x
+                        then do
+                               y <- unsafeRead v i
+                               unsafeWrite v i x
+                               unsafeWrite v j y
+                               from_left (i+1) j
+                        else from_right i (j-1)
+
+unstablePartitionBundle :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+        => (a -> Bool) -> Bundle u a -> m (v (PrimState m) a, v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE unstablePartitionBundle #-}
+unstablePartitionBundle f s
+  = case upperBound (Bundle.size s) of
+      Just n  -> unstablePartitionMax f s n
+      Nothing -> partitionUnknown f s
+
+unstablePartitionMax :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+        => (a -> Bool) -> Bundle u a -> Int
+        -> m (v (PrimState m) a, v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE unstablePartitionMax #-}
+unstablePartitionMax f s n
+  = do
+      v <- INTERNAL_CHECK(checkLength) "unstablePartitionMax" n
+           $ unsafeNew n
+      let {-# INLINE_INNER put #-}
+          put (i, j) x
+            | f x       = do
+                            unsafeWrite v i x
+                            return (i+1, j)
+            | otherwise = do
+                            unsafeWrite v (j-1) x
+                            return (i, j-1)
+
+      (i,j) <- Bundle.foldM' put (0, n) s
+      return (unsafeSlice 0 i v, unsafeSlice j (n-j) v)
+
+partitionBundle :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+        => (a -> Bool) -> Bundle u a -> m (v (PrimState m) a, v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE partitionBundle #-}
+partitionBundle f s
+  = case upperBound (Bundle.size s) of
+      Just n  -> partitionMax f s n
+      Nothing -> partitionUnknown f s
+
+partitionMax :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+  => (a -> Bool) -> Bundle u a -> Int -> m (v (PrimState m) a, v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE partitionMax #-}
+partitionMax f s n
+  = do
+      v <- INTERNAL_CHECK(checkLength) "unstablePartitionMax" n
+         $ unsafeNew n
+
+      let {-# INLINE_INNER put #-}
+          put (i,j) x
+            | f x       = do
+                            unsafeWrite v i x
+                            return (i+1,j)
+
+            | otherwise = let j' = j-1 in
+                          do
+                            unsafeWrite v j' x
+                            return (i,j')
+
+      (i,j) <- Bundle.foldM' put (0,n) s
+      INTERNAL_CHECK(check) "partitionMax" "invalid indices" (i <= j)
+        $ return ()
+      let l = unsafeSlice 0 i v
+          r = unsafeSlice j (n-j) v
+      reverse r
+      return (l,r)
+
+partitionUnknown :: (PrimMonad m, MVector v a)
+        => (a -> Bool) -> Bundle u a -> m (v (PrimState m) a, v (PrimState m) a)
+{-# INLINE partitionUnknown #-}
+partitionUnknown f s
+  = do
+      v1 <- unsafeNew 0
+      v2 <- unsafeNew 0
+      (v1', n1, v2', n2) <- Bundle.foldM' put (v1, 0, v2, 0) s
+      INTERNAL_CHECK(checkSlice) "partitionUnknown" 0 n1 (length v1')
+        $ INTERNAL_CHECK(checkSlice) "partitionUnknown" 0 n2 (length v2')
+        $ return (unsafeSlice 0 n1 v1', unsafeSlice 0 n2 v2')
+  where
+    -- NOTE: The case distinction has to be on the outside because
+    -- GHC creates a join point for the unsafeWrite even when everything
+    -- is inlined. This is bad because with the join point, v isn't getting
+    -- unboxed.
+    {-# INLINE_INNER put #-}
+    put (v1, i1, v2, i2) x
+      | f x       = do
+                      v1' <- unsafeAppend1 v1 i1 x
+                      return (v1', i1+1, v2, i2)
+      | otherwise = do
+                      v2' <- unsafeAppend1 v2 i2 x
+                      return (v1, i1, v2', i2+1)
+
+{-
+http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation#Algorithms_to_generate_permutations
+
+The following algorithm generates the next permutation lexicographically after
+a given permutation. It changes the given permutation in-place.
+
+1. Find the largest index k such that a[k] < a[k + 1]. If no such index exists,
+   the permutation is the last permutation.
+2. Find the largest index l greater than k such that a[k] < a[l].
+3. Swap the value of a[k] with that of a[l].
+4. Reverse the sequence from a[k + 1] up to and including the final element a[n]
+-}
+
+-- | Compute the next (lexicographically) permutation of given vector in-place.
+--   Returns False when input is the last permtuation
+nextPermutation :: (PrimMonad m,Ord e,MVector v e) => v (PrimState m) e -> m Bool
+nextPermutation v
+    | dim < 2 = return False
+    | otherwise = do
+        val <- unsafeRead v 0
+        (k,l) <- loop val (-1) 0 val 1
+        if k < 0
+         then return False
+         else unsafeSwap v k l >>
+              reverse (unsafeSlice (k+1) (dim-k-1) v) >>
+              return True
+    where loop !kval !k !l !prev !i
+              | i == dim = return (k,l)
+              | otherwise  = do
+                  cur <- unsafeRead v i
+                  -- TODO: make tuple unboxed
+                  let (kval',k') = if prev < cur then (prev,i-1) else (kval,k)
+                      l' = if kval' < cur then i else l
+                  loop kval' k' l' cur (i+1)
+          dim = length v