path: root/doc/manual/command-ref/nix-store.xml

<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
      xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
      xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
      version="5.0"
      xml:id="sec-nix-store">

<refmeta>
  <refentrytitle>nix-store</refentrytitle>
  <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
  <refmiscinfo class="source">Nix</refmiscinfo>
  <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="../version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>

<refnamediv>
  <refname>nix-store</refname>
  <refpurpose>manipulate or query the Nix store</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>

<refsynopsisdiv>
  <cmdsynopsis>
    <command>nix-store</command>
    <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="opt-common-syn.xml#xmlns(db=http://docbook.org/ns/docbook)xpointer(/db:nop/*)" />
    <arg><option>--add-root</option> <replaceable>path</replaceable></arg>
    <arg><option>--indirect</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><replaceable>operation</replaceable></arg>
    <arg rep='repeat'><replaceable>options</replaceable></arg>
    <arg rep='repeat'><replaceable>arguments</replaceable></arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>


<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The command <command>nix-store</command> performs primitive
operations on the Nix store.  You generally do not need to run this
command manually.</para>

<para><command>nix-store</command> takes exactly one
<emphasis>operation</emphasis> flag which indicates the subcommand to
be performed.  These are documented below.</para>

</refsection>



<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection><title>Common options</title>

<para>This section lists the options that are common to all
operations.  These options are allowed for every subcommand, though
they may not always have an effect.  <phrase condition="manual">See
also <xref linkend="sec-common-options" /> for a list of common
options.</phrase></para>

<variablelist>

  <varlistentry xml:id="opt-add-root"><term><option>--add-root</option> <replaceable>path</replaceable></term>

    <listitem><para>Causes the result of a realisation
    (<option>--realise</option> and <option>--force-realise</option>)
    to be registered as a root of the garbage collector<phrase
    condition="manual"> (see <xref linkend="ssec-gc-roots"
    />)</phrase>.  The root is stored in
    <replaceable>path</replaceable>, which must be inside a directory
    that is scanned for roots by the garbage collector (i.e.,
    typically in a subdirectory of
    <filename>/nix/var/nix/gcroots/</filename>)
    <emphasis>unless</emphasis> the <option>--indirect</option> flag
    is used.</para>

    <para>If there are multiple results, then multiple symlinks will
    be created by sequentially numbering symlinks beyond the first one
    (e.g., <filename>foo</filename>, <filename>foo-2</filename>,
    <filename>foo-3</filename>, and so on).</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--indirect</option></term>

    <listitem>

    <para>In conjunction with <option>--add-root</option>, this option
    allows roots to be stored <emphasis>outside</emphasis> of the GC
    roots directory.  This is useful for commands such as
    <command>nix-build</command> that place a symlink to the build
    result in the current directory; such a build result should not be
    garbage-collected unless the symlink is removed.</para>

    <para>The <option>--indirect</option> flag causes a uniquely named
    symlink to <replaceable>path</replaceable> to be stored in
    <filename>/nix/var/nix/gcroots/auto/</filename>.  For instance,

    <screen>
$ nix-store --add-root /home/eelco/bla/result --indirect -r <replaceable>...</replaceable>

$ ls -l /nix/var/nix/gcroots/auto
lrwxrwxrwx    1 ... 2005-03-13 21:10 dn54lcypm8f8... -> /home/eelco/bla/result

$ ls -l /home/eelco/bla/result
lrwxrwxrwx    1 ... 2005-03-13 21:10 /home/eelco/bla/result -> /nix/store/1r11343n6qd4...-f-spot-0.0.10</screen>

    Thus, when <filename>/home/eelco/bla/result</filename> is removed,
    the GC root in the <filename>auto</filename> directory becomes a
    dangling symlink and will be ignored by the collector.</para>

    <warning><para>Note that it is not possible to move or rename
    indirect GC roots, since the symlink in the
    <filename>auto</filename> directory will still point to the old
    location.</para></warning>

    </listitem>

  </varlistentry>

</variablelist>

<variablelist condition="manpage">
  <xi:include href="opt-common.xml#xmlns(db=http://docbook.org/ns/docbook)xpointer(//db:variablelist[@xml:id='opt-common']/*)" />
</variablelist>

</refsection>



<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection xml:id='rsec-nix-store-realise'><title>Operation <option>--realise</option></title>

<refsection><title>Synopsis</title>

<cmdsynopsis>
  <command>nix-store</command>
  <group choice='req'>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--realise</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>-r</option></arg>
  </group>
  <arg choice='plain' rep='repeat'><replaceable>paths</replaceable></arg>
  <arg><option>--dry-run</option></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>

</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--realise</option> essentially “builds”
the specified store paths.  Realisation is a somewhat overloaded term:

<itemizedlist>

  <listitem><para>If the store path is a
  <emphasis>derivation</emphasis>, realisation ensures that the output
  paths of the derivation are <link
  linkend="gloss-validity">valid</link> (i.e., the output path and its
  closure exist in the file system).  This can be done in several
  ways.  First, it is possible that the outputs are already valid, in
  which case we are done immediately.  Otherwise, there may be <link
  linkend="gloss-substitute">substitutes</link> that produce the
  outputs (e.g., by downloading them).  Finally, the outputs can be
  produced by performing the build action described by the
  derivation.</para></listitem>

  <listitem><para>If the store path is not a derivation, realisation
  ensures that the specified path is valid (i.e., it and its closure
  exist in the file system).  If the path is already valid, we are
  done immediately.  Otherwise, the path and any missing paths in its
  closure may be produced through substitutes.  If there are no
  (successful) subsitutes, realisation fails.</para></listitem>

</itemizedlist>

</para>

<para>The output path of each derivation is printed on standard
output.  (For non-derivations argument, the argument itself is
printed.)</para>

<para>The following flags are available:</para>

<variablelist>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--dry-run</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Print on standard error a description of what
    packages would be built or downloaded, without actually performing
    the operation.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--ignore-unknown</option></term>

    <listitem><para>If a non-derivation path does not have a
    substitute, then silently ignore it.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--check</option></term>

    <listitem><para>This option allows you to check whether a
    derivation is deterministic. It rebuilds the specified derivation
    and checks whether the result is bitwise-identical with the
    existing outputs, printing an error if that’s not the case. The
    outputs of the specified derivation must already exist. When used
    with <option>-K</option>, if an output path is not identical to
    the corresponding output from the previous build, the new output
    path is left in
    <filename>/nix/store/<replaceable>name</replaceable>.check.</filename></para>

    <para>See also the <option>build-repeat</option> configuration
    option, which repeats a derivation a number of times and prevents
    its outputs from being registered as “valid” in the Nix store
    unless they are identical.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

</variablelist>

<para>Special exit codes:</para>

<variablelist>

  <varlistentry><term><literal>100</literal></term>
    <listitem><para>Generic build failure, the builder process
    returned with a non-zero exit code.</para></listitem>
  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><literal>101</literal></term>
    <listitem><para>Build timeout, the build was aborted because it
    did not complete within the specified <link
    linkend='conf-timeout'><literal>timeout</literal></link>.
    </para></listitem>
  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><literal>102</literal></term>
    <listitem><para>Hash mismatch, the build output was rejected
    because it does not match the specified <link
    linkend="fixed-output-drvs"><varname>outputHash</varname></link>.
    </para></listitem>
  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><literal>104</literal></term>
    <listitem><para>Not deterministic, the build succeeded in check
    mode but the resulting output is not binary reproducable.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>

</variablelist>

<para>With the <option>--keep-going</option> flag it's possible for
multiple failures to occur, in this case the 1xx status codes are or combined
using binary or. <screen>
1100100
   ^^^^
   |||`- timeout
   ||`-- output hash mismatch
   |`--- build failure
   `---- not deterministic
</screen></para>

</refsection>


<refsection><title>Examples</title>

<para>This operation is typically used to build store derivations
produced by <link
linkend="sec-nix-instantiate"><command>nix-instantiate</command></link>:

<screen>
$ nix-store -r $(nix-instantiate ./test.nix)
/nix/store/31axcgrlbfsxzmfff1gyj1bf62hvkby2-aterm-2.3.1</screen>

This is essentially what <link
linkend="sec-nix-build"><command>nix-build</command></link> does.</para>

<para>To test whether a previously-built derivation is deterministic:

<screen>
$ nix-build '&lt;nixpkgs>' -A hello --check -K
</screen>

</para>

</refsection>


</refsection>



<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection xml:id='rsec-nix-store-serve'><title>Operation <option>--serve</option></title>

<refsection><title>Synopsis</title>

<cmdsynopsis>
  <command>nix-store</command>
  <arg choice='plain'><option>--serve</option></arg>
  <arg><option>--write</option></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>

</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--serve</option> provides access to
the Nix store over stdin and stdout, and is intended to be used
as a means of providing Nix store access to a restricted ssh user.
</para>

<para>The following flags are available:</para>

<variablelist>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--write</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Allow the connected client to request the realization
    of derivations. In effect, this can be used to make the host act
    as a remote builder.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsection>


<refsection><title>Examples</title>

<para>To turn a host into a build server, the
<filename>authorized_keys</filename> file can be used to provide build
access to a given SSH public key:

<screen>
$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF >>/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
command="nice -n20 nix-store --serve --write" ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAA...
EOF
</screen>

</para>

</refsection>


</refsection>



<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection xml:id='rsec-nix-store-gc'><title>Operation <option>--gc</option></title>

<refsection><title>Synopsis</title>

<cmdsynopsis>
  <command>nix-store</command>
  <arg choice='plain'><option>--gc</option></arg>
  <group>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--print-roots</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--print-live</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--print-dead</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--delete</option></arg>
  </group>
  <arg><option>--max-freed</option> <replaceable>bytes</replaceable></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>

</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>Without additional flags, the operation <option>--gc</option>
performs a garbage collection on the Nix store.  That is, all paths in
the Nix store not reachable via file system references from a set of
“roots”, are deleted.</para>

<para>The following suboperations may be specified:</para>

<variablelist>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--print-roots</option></term>

    <listitem><para>This operation prints on standard output the set
    of roots used by the garbage collector.  What constitutes a root
    is described in <xref linkend="ssec-gc-roots"
    />.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--print-live</option></term>

    <listitem><para>This operation prints on standard output the set
    of “live” store paths, which are all the store paths reachable
    from the roots.  Live paths should never be deleted, since that
    would break consistency — it would become possible that
    applications are installed that reference things that are no
    longer present in the store.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--print-dead</option></term>

    <listitem><para>This operation prints out on standard output the
    set of “dead” store paths, which is just the opposite of the set
    of live paths: any path in the store that is not live (with
    respect to the roots) is dead.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--delete</option></term>

    <listitem><para>This operation performs an actual garbage
    collection.  All dead paths are removed from the
    store.  This is the default.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

</variablelist>

<para>By default, all unreachable paths are deleted.  The following
options control what gets deleted and in what order:

<variablelist>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--max-freed</option> <replaceable>bytes</replaceable></term>

    <listitem><para>Keep deleting paths until at least
    <replaceable>bytes</replaceable> bytes have been deleted, then
    stop.  The argument <replaceable>bytes</replaceable> can be
    followed by the multiplicative suffix <literal>K</literal>,
    <literal>M</literal>, <literal>G</literal> or
    <literal>T</literal>, denoting KiB, MiB, GiB or TiB
    units.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</para>

<para>The behaviour of the collector is also influenced by the <link
linkend="conf-keep-outputs"><literal>keep-outputs</literal></link>
and <link
linkend="conf-keep-derivations"><literal>keep-derivations</literal></link>
variables in the Nix configuration file.</para>

<para>With <option>--delete</option>, the collector prints the total
number of freed bytes when it finishes (or when it is interrupted).
With <option>--print-dead</option>, it prints the number of bytes that
would be freed.</para>

</refsection>


<refsection><title>Examples</title>

<para>To delete all unreachable paths, just do:

<screen>
$ nix-store --gc
deleting `/nix/store/kq82idx6g0nyzsp2s14gfsc38npai7lf-cairo-1.0.4.tar.gz.drv'
<replaceable>...</replaceable>
8825586 bytes freed (8.42 MiB)</screen>

</para>

<para>To delete at least 100 MiBs of unreachable paths:

<screen>
$ nix-store --gc --max-freed $((100 * 1024 * 1024))</screen>

</para>

</refsection>


</refsection>



<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection><title>Operation <option>--delete</option></title>

<refsection><title>Synopsis</title>

<cmdsynopsis>
  <command>nix-store</command>
  <arg choice='plain'><option>--delete</option></arg>
  <arg><option>--ignore-liveness</option></arg>
  <arg choice='plain' rep='repeat'><replaceable>paths</replaceable></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>

</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--delete</option> deletes the store paths
<replaceable>paths</replaceable> from the Nix store, but only if it is
safe to do so; that is, when the path is not reachable from a root of
the garbage collector.  This means that you can only delete paths that
would also be deleted by <literal>nix-store --gc</literal>.  Thus,
<literal>--delete</literal> is a more targeted version of
<literal>--gc</literal>.</para>

<para>With the option <option>--ignore-liveness</option>, reachability
from the roots is ignored.  However, the path still won’t be deleted
if there are other paths in the store that refer to it (i.e., depend
on it).</para>

</refsection>

<refsection><title>Example</title>

<screen>
$ nix-store --delete /nix/store/zq0h41l75vlb4z45kzgjjmsjxvcv1qk7-mesa-6.4
0 bytes freed (0.00 MiB)
error: cannot delete path `/nix/store/zq0h41l75vlb4z45kzgjjmsjxvcv1qk7-mesa-6.4' since it is still alive</screen>

</refsection>

</refsection>



<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection xml:id='refsec-nix-store-query'><title>Operation <option>--query</option></title>

<refsection><title>Synopsis</title>

<cmdsynopsis>
  <command>nix-store</command>
  <group choice='req'>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--query</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>-q</option></arg>
  </group>
  <group choice='req'>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--outputs</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--requisites</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>-R</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--references</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--referrers</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--referrers-closure</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--deriver</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>-d</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--graph</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--tree</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--binding</option> <replaceable>name</replaceable></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>-b</option> <replaceable>name</replaceable></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--hash</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--size</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--roots</option></arg>
  </group>
  <arg><option>--use-output</option></arg>
  <arg><option>-u</option></arg>
  <arg><option>--force-realise</option></arg>
  <arg><option>-f</option></arg>
  <arg choice='plain' rep='repeat'><replaceable>paths</replaceable></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>

</refsection>


<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--query</option> displays various bits of
information about the store paths .  The queries are described below.  At
most one query can be specified.  The default query is
<option>--outputs</option>.</para>

<para>The paths <replaceable>paths</replaceable> may also be symlinks
from outside of the Nix store, to the Nix store.  In that case, the
query is applied to the target of the symlink.</para>


</refsection>


<refsection><title>Common query options</title>

<variablelist>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--use-output</option></term>
    <term><option>-u</option></term>

    <listitem><para>For each argument to the query that is a store
    derivation, apply the query to the output path of the derivation
    instead.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--force-realise</option></term>
    <term><option>-f</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Realise each argument to the query first (see
    <link linkend="rsec-nix-store-realise"><command>nix-store
    --realise</command></link>).</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsection>


<refsection xml:id='nixref-queries'><title>Queries</title>

<variablelist>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--outputs</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Prints out the <link
    linkend="gloss-output-path">output paths</link> of the store
    derivations <replaceable>paths</replaceable>.  These are the paths
    that will be produced when the derivation is
    built.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--requisites</option></term>
    <term><option>-R</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Prints out the <link
    linkend="gloss-closure">closure</link> of the store path
    <replaceable>paths</replaceable>.</para>

    <para>This query has one option:</para>

    <variablelist>

      <varlistentry><term><option>--include-outputs</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Also include the output path of store
        derivations, and their closures.</para></listitem>

      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

    <para>This query can be used to implement various kinds of
    deployment.  A <emphasis>source deployment</emphasis> is obtained
    by distributing the closure of a store derivation.  A
    <emphasis>binary deployment</emphasis> is obtained by distributing
    the closure of an output path.  A <emphasis>cache
    deployment</emphasis> (combined source/binary deployment,
    including binaries of build-time-only dependencies) is obtained by
    distributing the closure of a store derivation and specifying the
    option <option>--include-outputs</option>.</para>

    </listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--references</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Prints the set of <link
    linkend="gloss-reference">references</link> of the store paths
    <replaceable>paths</replaceable>, that is, their immediate
    dependencies.  (For <emphasis>all</emphasis> dependencies, use
    <option>--requisites</option>.)</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--referrers</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Prints the set of <emphasis>referrers</emphasis> of
    the store paths <replaceable>paths</replaceable>, that is, the
    store paths currently existing in the Nix store that refer to one
    of <replaceable>paths</replaceable>.  Note that contrary to the
    references, the set of referrers is not constant; it can change as
    store paths are added or removed.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--referrers-closure</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Prints the closure of the set of store paths
    <replaceable>paths</replaceable> under the referrers relation; that
    is, all store paths that directly or indirectly refer to one of
    <replaceable>paths</replaceable>.  These are all the path currently
    in the Nix store that are dependent on
    <replaceable>paths</replaceable>.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--deriver</option></term>
    <term><option>-d</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Prints the <link
    linkend="gloss-deriver">deriver</link> of the store paths
    <replaceable>paths</replaceable>.  If the path has no deriver
    (e.g., if it is a source file), or if the deriver is not known
    (e.g., in the case of a binary-only deployment), the string
    <literal>unknown-deriver</literal> is printed.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--graph</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Prints the references graph of the store paths
    <replaceable>paths</replaceable> in the format of the
    <command>dot</command> tool of AT&amp;T's <link
    xlink:href="http://www.graphviz.org/">Graphviz package</link>.
    This can be used to visualise dependency graphs.  To obtain a
    build-time dependency graph, apply this to a store derivation.  To
    obtain a runtime dependency graph, apply it to an output
    path.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--tree</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Prints the references graph of the store paths
    <replaceable>paths</replaceable> as a nested ASCII tree.
    References are ordered by descending closure size; this tends to
    flatten the tree, making it more readable.  The query only
    recurses into a store path when it is first encountered; this
    prevents a blowup of the tree representation of the
    graph.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--graphml</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Prints the references graph of the store paths
    <replaceable>paths</replaceable> in the <link
    xlink:href="http://graphml.graphdrawing.org/">GraphML</link> file format.
    This can be used to visualise dependency graphs. To obtain a
    build-time dependency graph, apply this to a store derivation. To
    obtain a runtime dependency graph, apply it to an output
    path.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--binding</option> <replaceable>name</replaceable></term>
    <term><option>-b</option> <replaceable>name</replaceable></term>

    <listitem><para>Prints the value of the attribute
    <replaceable>name</replaceable> (i.e., environment variable) of
    the store derivations <replaceable>paths</replaceable>.  It is an
    error for a derivation to not have the specified
    attribute.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--hash</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Prints the SHA-256 hash of the contents of the
    store paths <replaceable>paths</replaceable> (that is, the hash of
    the output of <command>nix-store --dump</command> on the given
    paths).  Since the hash is stored in the Nix database, this is a
    fast operation.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--size</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Prints the size in bytes of the contents of the
    store paths <replaceable>paths</replaceable> — to be precise, the
    size of the output of <command>nix-store --dump</command> on the
    given paths.  Note that the actual disk space required by the
    store paths may be higher, especially on filesystems with large
    cluster sizes.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--roots</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Prints the garbage collector roots that point,
    directly or indirectly, at the store paths
    <replaceable>paths</replaceable>.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsection>


<refsection><title>Examples</title>

<para>Print the closure (runtime dependencies) of the
<command>svn</command> program in the current user environment:

<screen>
$ nix-store -qR $(which svn)
/nix/store/5mbglq5ldqld8sj57273aljwkfvj22mc-subversion-1.1.4
/nix/store/9lz9yc6zgmc0vlqmn2ipcpkjlmbi51vv-glibc-2.3.4
<replaceable>...</replaceable></screen>

</para>

<para>Print the build-time dependencies of <command>svn</command>:

<screen>
$ nix-store -qR $(nix-store -qd $(which svn))
/nix/store/02iizgn86m42q905rddvg4ja975bk2i4-grep-2.5.1.tar.bz2.drv
/nix/store/07a2bzxmzwz5hp58nf03pahrv2ygwgs3-gcc-wrapper.sh
/nix/store/0ma7c9wsbaxahwwl04gbw3fcd806ski4-glibc-2.3.4.drv
<replaceable>... lots of other paths ...</replaceable></screen>

The difference with the previous example is that we ask the closure of
the derivation (<option>-qd</option>), not the closure of the output
path that contains <command>svn</command>.</para>

<para>Show the build-time dependencies as a tree:

<screen>
$ nix-store -q --tree $(nix-store -qd $(which svn))
/nix/store/7i5082kfb6yjbqdbiwdhhza0am2xvh6c-subversion-1.1.4.drv
+---/nix/store/d8afh10z72n8l1cr5w42366abiblgn54-builder.sh
+---/nix/store/fmzxmpjx2lh849ph0l36snfj9zdibw67-bash-3.0.drv
|   +---/nix/store/570hmhmx3v57605cqg9yfvvyh0nnb8k8-bash
|   +---/nix/store/p3srsbd8dx44v2pg6nbnszab5mcwx03v-builder.sh
<replaceable>...</replaceable></screen>

</para>

<para>Show all paths that depend on the same OpenSSL library as
<command>svn</command>:

<screen>
$ nix-store -q --referrers $(nix-store -q --binding openssl $(nix-store -qd $(which svn)))
/nix/store/23ny9l9wixx21632y2wi4p585qhva1q8-sylpheed-1.0.0
/nix/store/5mbglq5ldqld8sj57273aljwkfvj22mc-subversion-1.1.4
/nix/store/dpmvp969yhdqs7lm2r1a3gng7pyq6vy4-subversion-1.1.3
/nix/store/l51240xqsgg8a7yrbqdx1rfzyv6l26fx-lynx-2.8.5</screen>

</para>

<para>Show all paths that directly or indirectly depend on the Glibc
(C library) used by <command>svn</command>:

<screen>
$ nix-store -q --referrers-closure $(ldd $(which svn) | grep /libc.so | awk '{print $3}')
/nix/store/034a6h4vpz9kds5r6kzb9lhh81mscw43-libgnomeprintui-2.8.2
/nix/store/15l3yi0d45prm7a82pcrknxdh6nzmxza-gawk-3.1.4
<replaceable>...</replaceable></screen>

Note that <command>ldd</command> is a command that prints out the
dynamic libraries used by an ELF executable.</para>

<para>Make a picture of the runtime dependency graph of the current
user environment:

<screen>
$ nix-store -q --graph ~/.nix-profile | dot -Tps > graph.ps
$ gv graph.ps</screen>

</para>

<para>Show every garbage collector root that points to a store path
that depends on <command>svn</command>:

<screen>
$ nix-store -q --roots $(which svn)
/nix/var/nix/profiles/default-81-link
/nix/var/nix/profiles/default-82-link
/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/eelco/profile-97-link
</screen>

</para>

</refsection>


</refsection>



<!--######################################################################-->

<!--
<refsection xml:id="rsec-nix-store-reg-val"><title>Operation <option>-XXX-register-validity</option></title>

<refsection><title>Synopsis</title>

<cmdsynopsis>
  <command>nix-store</command>
  <arg choice='plain'><option>-XXX-register-validity</option></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>TODO</para>

</refsection>

</refsection>
-->



<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection><title>Operation <option>--add</option></title>

<refsection><title>Synopsis</title>

<cmdsynopsis>
  <command>nix-store</command>
  <arg choice='plain'><option>--add</option></arg>
  <arg choice='plain' rep='repeat'><replaceable>paths</replaceable></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>

</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--add</option> adds the specified paths to
the Nix store.  It prints the resulting paths in the Nix store on
standard output.</para>

</refsection>

<refsection><title>Example</title>

<screen>
$ nix-store --add ./foo.c
/nix/store/m7lrha58ph6rcnv109yzx1nk1cj7k7zf-foo.c</screen>

</refsection>

</refsection>

<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection><title>Operation <option>--add-fixed</option></title>

<refsection><title>Synopsis</title>

<cmdsynopsis>
  <command>nix-store</command>
  <arg><option>--recursive</option></arg>
  <arg choice='plain'><option>--add-fixed</option></arg>
  <arg choice='plain'><replaceable>algorithm</replaceable></arg>
  <arg choice='plain' rep='repeat'><replaceable>paths</replaceable></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>

</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--add-fixed</option> adds the specified paths to
the Nix store.  Unlike <option>--add</option> paths are registered using the
specified hashing algorithm, resulting in the same output path as a fixed output
derivation.  This can be used for sources that are not available from a public
url or broke since the download expression was written.
</para>

<para>This operation has the following options:

<variablelist>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--recursive</option></term>

    <listitem><para>
      Use recursive instead of flat hashing mode, used when adding directories
      to the store.
    </para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</para>

</refsection>

<refsection><title>Example</title>

<screen>
$ nix-store --add-fixed sha256 ./hello-2.10.tar.gz
/nix/store/3x7dwzq014bblazs7kq20p9hyzz0qh8g-hello-2.10.tar.gz</screen>

</refsection>

</refsection>



<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection xml:id='refsec-nix-store-verify'><title>Operation <option>--verify</option></title>

<refsection>
  <title>Synopsis</title>
  <cmdsynopsis>
    <command>nix-store</command>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--verify</option></arg>
    <arg><option>--check-contents</option></arg>
    <arg><option>--repair</option></arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--verify</option> verifies the internal
consistency of the Nix database, and the consistency between the Nix
database and the Nix store.  Any inconsistencies encountered are
automatically repaired.  Inconsistencies are generally the result of
the Nix store or database being modified by non-Nix tools, or of bugs
in Nix itself.</para>

<para>This operation has the following options:

<variablelist>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--check-contents</option></term>

    <listitem><para>Checks that the contents of every valid store path
    has not been altered by computing a SHA-256 hash of the contents
    and comparing it with the hash stored in the Nix database at build
    time.  Paths that have been modified are printed out.  For large
    stores, <option>--check-contents</option> is obviously quite
    slow.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

  <varlistentry><term><option>--repair</option></term>

    <listitem><para>If any valid path is missing from the store, or
    (if <option>--check-contents</option> is given) the contents of a
    valid path has been modified, then try to repair the path by
    redownloading it.  See <command>nix-store --repair-path</command>
    for details.</para></listitem>

  </varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</para>

</refsection>


</refsection>


<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection><title>Operation <option>--verify-path</option></title>

<refsection>
  <title>Synopsis</title>
  <cmdsynopsis>
    <command>nix-store</command>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--verify-path</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain' rep='repeat'><replaceable>paths</replaceable></arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--verify-path</option> compares the
contents of the given store paths to their cryptographic hashes stored
in Nix’s database.  For every changed path, it prints a warning
message.  The exit status is 0 if no path has changed, and 1
otherwise.</para>

</refsection>

<refsection><title>Example</title>

<para>To verify the integrity of the <command>svn</command> command and all its dependencies:

<screen>
$ nix-store --verify-path $(nix-store -qR $(which svn))
</screen>

</para>

</refsection>

</refsection>


<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection><title>Operation <option>--repair-path</option></title>

<refsection>
  <title>Synopsis</title>
  <cmdsynopsis>
    <command>nix-store</command>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--repair-path</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain' rep='repeat'><replaceable>paths</replaceable></arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--repair-path</option> attempts to
“repair” the specified paths by redownloading them using the available
substituters.  If no substitutes are available, then repair is not
possible.</para>

<warning><para>During repair, there is a very small time window during
which the old path (if it exists) is moved out of the way and replaced
with the new path.  If repair is interrupted in between, then the
system may be left in a broken state (e.g., if the path contains a
critical system component like the GNU C Library).</para></warning>

</refsection>

<refsection><title>Example</title>

<screen>
$ nix-store --verify-path /nix/store/dj7a81wsm1ijwwpkks3725661h3263p5-glibc-2.13
path `/nix/store/dj7a81wsm1ijwwpkks3725661h3263p5-glibc-2.13' was modified!
  expected hash `2db57715ae90b7e31ff1f2ecb8c12ec1cc43da920efcbe3b22763f36a1861588',
  got `481c5aa5483ebc97c20457bb8bca24deea56550d3985cda0027f67fe54b808e4'

$ nix-store --repair-path /nix/store/dj7a81wsm1ijwwpkks3725661h3263p5-glibc-2.13
fetching path `/nix/store/d7a81wsm1ijwwpkks3725661h3263p5-glibc-2.13'...
…
</screen>

</refsection>

</refsection>


<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection xml:id='refsec-nix-store-dump'><title>Operation <option>--dump</option></title>

<refsection>
  <title>Synopsis</title>
  <cmdsynopsis>
    <command>nix-store</command>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--dump</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><replaceable>path</replaceable></arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--dump</option> produces a NAR (Nix
ARchive) file containing the contents of the file system tree rooted
at <replaceable>path</replaceable>.  The archive is written to
standard output.</para>

<para>A NAR archive is like a TAR or Zip archive, but it contains only
the information that Nix considers important.  For instance,
timestamps are elided because all files in the Nix store have their
timestamp set to 0 anyway.  Likewise, all permissions are left out
except for the execute bit, because all files in the Nix store have
644 or 755 permission.</para>

<para>Also, a NAR archive is <emphasis>canonical</emphasis>, meaning
that “equal” paths always produce the same NAR archive.  For instance,
directory entries are always sorted so that the actual on-disk order
doesn’t influence the result.  This means that the cryptographic hash
of a NAR dump of a path is usable as a fingerprint of the contents of
the path.  Indeed, the hashes of store paths stored in Nix’s database
(see <link linkend="refsec-nix-store-query"><literal>nix-store -q
--hash</literal></link>) are SHA-256 hashes of the NAR dump of each
store path.</para>

<para>NAR archives support filenames of unlimited length and 64-bit
file sizes.  They can contain regular files, directories, and symbolic
links, but not other types of files (such as device nodes).</para>

<para>A Nix archive can be unpacked using <literal>nix-store
--restore</literal>.</para>

</refsection>


</refsection>


<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection><title>Operation <option>--restore</option></title>

<refsection>
  <title>Synopsis</title>
  <cmdsynopsis>
    <command>nix-store</command>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--restore</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><replaceable>path</replaceable></arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--restore</option> unpacks a NAR archive
to <replaceable>path</replaceable>, which must not already exist.  The
archive is read from standard input.</para>

</refsection>


</refsection>


<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection xml:id='refsec-nix-store-export'><title>Operation <option>--export</option></title>

<refsection>
  <title>Synopsis</title>
  <cmdsynopsis>
    <command>nix-store</command>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--export</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain' rep='repeat'><replaceable>paths</replaceable></arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--export</option> writes a serialisation
of the specified store paths to standard output in a format that can
be imported into another Nix store with <command
linkend="refsec-nix-store-import">nix-store --import</command>.  This
is like <command linkend="refsec-nix-store-dump">nix-store
--dump</command>, except that the NAR archive produced by that command
doesn’t contain the necessary meta-information to allow it to be
imported into another Nix store (namely, the set of references of the
path).</para>

<para>This command does not produce a <emphasis>closure</emphasis> of
the specified paths, so if a store path references other store paths
that are missing in the target Nix store, the import will fail.  To
copy a whole closure, do something like:

<screen>
$ nix-store --export $(nix-store -qR <replaceable>paths</replaceable>) > out</screen>

To import the whole closure again, run:

<screen>
$ nix-store --import &lt; out</screen>

</para>

</refsection>


</refsection>


<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection xml:id='refsec-nix-store-import'><title>Operation <option>--import</option></title>

<refsection>
  <title>Synopsis</title>
  <cmdsynopsis>
    <command>nix-store</command>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--import</option></arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--import</option> reads a serialisation of
a set of store paths produced by <command
linkend="refsec-nix-store-export">nix-store --export</command> from
standard input and adds those store paths to the Nix store.  Paths
that already exist in the Nix store are ignored.  If a path refers to
another path that doesn’t exist in the Nix store, the import
fails.</para>

</refsection>


</refsection>


<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection><title>Operation <option>--optimise</option></title>

<refsection>
  <title>Synopsis</title>
  <cmdsynopsis>
    <command>nix-store</command>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--optimise</option></arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--optimise</option> reduces Nix store disk
space usage by finding identical files in the store and hard-linking
them to each other.  It typically reduces the size of the store by
something like 25-35%.  Only regular files and symlinks are
hard-linked in this manner.  Files are considered identical when they
have the same NAR archive serialisation: that is, regular files must
have the same contents and permission (executable or non-executable),
and symlinks must have the same contents.</para>

<para>After completion, or when the command is interrupted, a report
on the achieved savings is printed on standard error.</para>

<para>Use <option>-vv</option> or <option>-vvv</option> to get some
progress indication.</para>

</refsection>

<refsection><title>Example</title>

<screen>
$ nix-store --optimise
hashing files in `/nix/store/qhqx7l2f1kmwihc9bnxs7rc159hsxnf3-gcc-4.1.1'
<replaceable>...</replaceable>
541838819 bytes (516.74 MiB) freed by hard-linking 54143 files;
there are 114486 files with equal contents out of 215894 files in total
</screen>

</refsection>


</refsection>


<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection><title>Operation <option>--read-log</option></title>

<refsection>
  <title>Synopsis</title>
  <cmdsynopsis>
    <command>nix-store</command>
    <group choice='req'>
      <arg choice='plain'><option>--read-log</option></arg>
      <arg choice='plain'><option>-l</option></arg>
    </group>
    <arg choice='plain' rep='repeat'><replaceable>paths</replaceable></arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--read-log</option> prints the build log
of the specified store paths on standard output.  The build log is
whatever the builder of a derivation wrote to standard output and
standard error.  If a store path is not a derivation, the deriver of
the store path is used.</para>

<para>Build logs are kept in
<filename>/nix/var/log/nix/drvs</filename>.  However, there is no
guarantee that a build log is available for any particular store path.
For instance, if the path was downloaded as a pre-built binary through
a substitute, then the log is unavailable.</para>

</refsection>

<refsection><title>Example</title>

<screen>
$ nix-store -l $(which ktorrent)
building /nix/store/dhc73pvzpnzxhdgpimsd9sw39di66ph1-ktorrent-2.2.1
unpacking sources
unpacking source archive /nix/store/p8n1jpqs27mgkjw07pb5269717nzf5f8-ktorrent-2.2.1.tar.gz
ktorrent-2.2.1/
ktorrent-2.2.1/NEWS
<replaceable>...</replaceable>
</screen>

</refsection>


</refsection>


<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection><title>Operation <option>--dump-db</option></title>

<refsection>
  <title>Synopsis</title>
  <cmdsynopsis>
    <command>nix-store</command>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--dump-db</option></arg>
    <arg rep='repeat'><replaceable>paths</replaceable></arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--dump-db</option> writes a dump of the
Nix database to standard output.  It can be loaded into an empty Nix
store using <option>--load-db</option>.  This is useful for making
backups and when migrating to different database schemas.</para>

<para>By default, <option>--dump-db</option> will dump the entire Nix
database.  When one or more store paths is passed, only the subset of
the Nix database for those store paths is dumped.  As with
<option>--export</option>, the user is responsible for passing all the
store paths for a closure.  See <option>--export</option> for an
example.</para>

</refsection>

</refsection>


<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection><title>Operation <option>--load-db</option></title>

<refsection>
  <title>Synopsis</title>
  <cmdsynopsis>
    <command>nix-store</command>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--load-db</option></arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--load-db</option> reads a dump of the Nix
database created by <option>--dump-db</option> from standard input and
loads it into the Nix database.</para>

</refsection>

</refsection>


<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection><title>Operation <option>--print-env</option></title>

<refsection>
  <title>Synopsis</title>
  <cmdsynopsis>
    <command>nix-store</command>
    <arg choice='plain'><option>--print-env</option></arg>
    <arg choice='plain'><replaceable>drvpath</replaceable></arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>The operation <option>--print-env</option> prints out the
environment of a derivation in a format that can be evaluated by a
shell.  The command line arguments of the builder are placed in the
variable <envar>_args</envar>.</para>

</refsection>

<refsection><title>Example</title>

<screen>
$ nix-store --print-env $(nix-instantiate '&lt;nixpkgs>' -A firefox)
<replaceable>…</replaceable>
export src; src='/nix/store/plpj7qrwcz94z2psh6fchsi7s8yihc7k-firefox-12.0.source.tar.bz2'
export stdenv; stdenv='/nix/store/7c8asx3yfrg5dg1gzhzyq2236zfgibnn-stdenv'
export system; system='x86_64-linux'
export _args; _args='-e /nix/store/9krlzvny65gdc8s7kpb6lkx8cd02c25c-default-builder.sh'
</screen>

</refsection>

</refsection>


<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection xml:id='rsec-nix-store-generate-binary-cache-key'><title>Operation <option>--generate-binary-cache-key</option></title>

<refsection>
  <title>Synopsis</title>
  <cmdsynopsis>
    <command>nix-store</command>
    <arg choice='plain'>
      <option>--generate-binary-cache-key</option>
      <option>key-name</option>
      <option>secret-key-file</option>
      <option>public-key-file</option>
    </arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
</refsection>

<refsection><title>Description</title>

<para>This command generates an <link
xlink:href="http://ed25519.cr.yp.to/">Ed25519 key pair</link> that can
be used to create a signed binary cache. It takes three mandatory
parameters:

<orderedlist>

  <listitem><para>A key name, such as
  <literal>cache.example.org-1</literal>, that is used to look up keys
  on the client when it verifies signatures. It can be anything, but
  it’s suggested to use the host name of your cache
  (e.g. <literal>cache.example.org</literal>) with a suffix denoting
  the number of the key (to be incremented every time you need to
  revoke a key).</para></listitem>

  <listitem><para>The file name where the secret key is to be
  stored.</para></listitem>

  <listitem><para>The file name where the public key is to be
  stored.</para></listitem>

</orderedlist>

</para>

</refsection>

</refsection>


<!--######################################################################-->

<refsection condition="manpage"><title>Environment variables</title>

<variablelist>
  <xi:include href="env-common.xml#xmlns(db=http://docbook.org/ns/docbook)xpointer(//db:variablelist[@xml:id='env-common']/*)" />
</variablelist>

</refsection>


</refentry>