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Diffstat (limited to 'users/Profpatsch/my-prelude/src/Postgres/MonadPostgres.hs')
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diff --git a/users/Profpatsch/my-prelude/src/Postgres/MonadPostgres.hs b/users/Profpatsch/my-prelude/src/Postgres/MonadPostgres.hs new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ca78da47067f --- /dev/null +++ b/users/Profpatsch/my-prelude/src/Postgres/MonadPostgres.hs @@ -0,0 +1,587 @@ +{-# LANGUAGE DeriveAnyClass #-} +{-# LANGUAGE QuasiQuotes #-} +{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-} +{-# OPTIONS_GHC -Wno-orphans #-} + +module Postgres.MonadPostgres where + +import AtLeast (AtLeast) +import Control.Exception +import Control.Monad.Except +import Control.Monad.Logger (MonadLogger, logDebug, logWarn) +import Control.Monad.Reader (MonadReader (ask), ReaderT (..)) +import Control.Monad.Trans.Resource +import Data.Aeson (FromJSON) +import Data.Error.Tree +import Data.HashMap.Strict qualified as HashMap +import Data.Int (Int64) +import Data.Kind (Type) +import Data.List qualified as List +import Data.Pool (Pool) +import Data.Pool qualified as Pool +import Data.Text qualified as Text +import Data.Typeable (Typeable) +import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple (Connection, FormatError, FromRow, Query, QueryError, ResultError, SqlError, ToRow) +import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple qualified as PG +import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple qualified as Postgres +import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.FromRow qualified as PG +import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.ToField (ToField) +import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.ToRow (ToRow (toRow)) +import Database.PostgreSQL.Simple.Types (Query (..)) +import GHC.Records (HasField (..)) +import Label +import OpenTelemetry.Trace.Core qualified as Otel hiding (inSpan, inSpan') +import OpenTelemetry.Trace.Monad qualified as Otel +import PossehlAnalyticsPrelude +import Postgres.Decoder +import Postgres.Decoder qualified as Dec +import Pretty (showPretty) +import Seconds +import System.Exit (ExitCode (..)) +import Tool +import UnliftIO (MonadUnliftIO (withRunInIO)) +import UnliftIO.Process qualified as Process +import UnliftIO.Resource qualified as Resource +import Prelude hiding (span) + +-- | Postgres queries/commands that can be executed within a running transaction. +-- +-- These are implemented with the @postgresql-simple@ primitives of the same name +-- and will behave the same unless othewise documented. +class (Monad m) => MonadPostgres (m :: Type -> Type) where + -- | Execute an INSERT, UPDATE, or other SQL query that is not expected to return results. + + -- Returns the number of rows affected. + execute :: (ToRow params, Typeable params) => Query -> params -> Transaction m (Label "numberOfRowsAffected" Natural) + + -- | Execute an INSERT, UPDATE, or other SQL query that is not expected to return results. Does not take parameters. + + -- Returns the number of rows affected. + execute_ :: Query -> Transaction m (Label "numberOfRowsAffected" Natural) + + -- | Execute a multi-row INSERT, UPDATE, or other SQL query that is not expected to return results. + -- + -- Returns the number of rows affected. If the list of parameters is empty, this function will simply return 0 without issuing the query to the backend. If this is not desired, consider using the 'PG.Values' constructor instead. + executeMany :: (ToRow params, Typeable params) => Query -> [params] -> Transaction m (Label "numberOfRowsAffected" Natural) + + -- | Execute INSERT ... RETURNING, UPDATE ... RETURNING, or other SQL query that accepts multi-row input and is expected to return results. Note that it is possible to write query conn "INSERT ... RETURNING ..." ... in cases where you are only inserting a single row, and do not need functionality analogous to 'executeMany'. + -- + -- If the list of parameters is empty, this function will simply return [] without issuing the query to the backend. If this is not desired, consider using the 'PG.Values' constructor instead. + executeManyReturningWith :: (ToRow q) => Query -> [q] -> Decoder r -> Transaction m [r] + + -- | Run a query, passing parameters and result row parser. + queryWith :: (PG.ToRow params, Typeable params, Typeable r) => PG.Query -> params -> Decoder r -> Transaction m [r] + + -- | Run a query without any parameters and result row parser. + queryWith_ :: (Typeable r) => PG.Query -> Decoder r -> Transaction m [r] + + -- | Run a query, passing parameters, and fold over the resulting rows. + -- + -- This doesn’t have to realize the full list of results in memory, + -- rather results are streamed incrementally from the database. + -- + -- When dealing with small results, it may be simpler (and perhaps faster) to use query instead. + -- + -- This fold is _not_ strict. The stream consumer is responsible for forcing the evaluation of its result to avoid space leaks. + -- + -- If you can, prefer aggregating in the database itself. + foldRows :: + (FromRow row, ToRow params, Typeable row, Typeable params) => + Query -> + params -> + a -> + (a -> row -> Transaction m a) -> + Transaction m a + + -- | Run a given transaction in a transaction block, rolling back the transaction + -- if any exception (postgres or Haskell Exception) is thrown during execution. + -- + -- Re-throws the exception. + -- + -- Don’t do any long-running things on the Haskell side during a transaction, + -- because it will block a database connection and potentially also lock + -- database tables from being written or read by other clients. + -- + -- Nonetheless, try to push transactions as far out to the handlers as possible, + -- don’t do something like @runTransaction $ query …@, because it will lead people + -- to accidentally start nested transactions (the inner transaction is run on a new connections, + -- thus can’t see any changes done by the outer transaction). + -- Only handlers should run transactions. + runTransaction :: Transaction m a -> m a + +-- | Run a query, passing parameters. +query :: forall m params r. (PG.ToRow params, PG.FromRow r, Typeable params, Typeable r, MonadPostgres m) => PG.Query -> params -> Transaction m [r] +query qry params = queryWith qry params (Decoder PG.fromRow) + +-- | Run a query without any parameters. +query_ :: forall m r. (Typeable r, PG.FromRow r, MonadPostgres m) => PG.Query -> Transaction m [r] +query_ qry = queryWith_ qry (Decoder PG.fromRow) + +-- TODO: implement via fold, so that the result doesn’t have to be realized in memory +querySingleRow :: + ( MonadPostgres m, + ToRow qParams, + Typeable qParams, + FromRow a, + Typeable a, + MonadThrow m + ) => + Query -> + qParams -> + Transaction m a +querySingleRow qry params = do + query qry params >>= ensureSingleRow + +-- TODO: implement via fold, so that the result doesn’t have to be realized in memory +querySingleRowMaybe :: + ( MonadPostgres m, + ToRow qParams, + Typeable qParams, + FromRow a, + Typeable a, + MonadThrow m + ) => + Query -> + qParams -> + Transaction m (Maybe a) +querySingleRowMaybe qry params = do + rows <- query qry params + case rows of + [] -> pure Nothing + [one] -> pure (Just one) + -- TODO: Should we MonadThrow this here? It’s really an implementation detail of MonadPostgres + -- that a database function can error out, should probably handled by the instances. + more -> throwM $ SingleRowError {numberOfRowsReturned = (List.length more)} + +ensureSingleRow :: (MonadThrow m) => [a] -> m a +ensureSingleRow = \case + -- TODO: Should we MonadThrow this here? It’s really an implementation detail of MonadPostgres + -- that a database function can error out, should probably handled by the instances. + [] -> throwM (SingleRowError {numberOfRowsReturned = 0}) + [one] -> pure one + more -> + throwM $ + SingleRowError + { numberOfRowsReturned = + -- TODO: this is VERY bad, because it requires to parse the full database output, even if there’s 10000000000 elements + List.length more + } + +newtype Transaction m a = Transaction {unTransaction :: (ReaderT Connection m a)} + deriving newtype + ( Functor, + Applicative, + Monad, + MonadThrow, + MonadLogger, + MonadIO, + MonadUnliftIO, + MonadTrans, + Otel.MonadTracer + ) + +runTransaction' :: Connection -> Transaction m a -> m a +runTransaction' conn transaction = runReaderT transaction.unTransaction conn + +-- | [Resource Pool](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/resource-pool-0.2.3.2/docs/Data-Pool.html) configuration. +data PoolingInfo = PoolingInfo + { -- | Minimal amount of resources that are + -- always available. + numberOfStripes :: AtLeast 1 Int, + -- | Time after which extra resources + -- (above minimum) can stay in the pool + -- without being used. + unusedResourceOpenTime :: Seconds, + -- | Max number of resources that can be + -- in the Pool at any time + maxOpenResourcesAcrossAllStripes :: AtLeast 1 Int + } + deriving stock (Generic, Eq, Show) + deriving anyclass (FromJSON) + +initMonadPostgres :: + (Text -> IO ()) -> + -- | Info describing the connection to the Postgres DB + Postgres.ConnectInfo -> + -- | Configuration info for pooling attributes + PoolingInfo -> + -- | Created Postgres connection pool + ResourceT IO (Pool Postgres.Connection) +initMonadPostgres logInfoFn connectInfo poolingInfo = do + (_releaseKey, connPool) <- + Resource.allocate + (logInfoFn "Creating Postgres Connection Pool" >> createPGConnPool) + (\pool -> logInfoFn "Destroying Postgres Connection Pool" >> destroyPGConnPool pool) + pure connPool + where + -- \| Create a Postgres connection pool + createPGConnPool :: + IO (Pool Postgres.Connection) + createPGConnPool = + Pool.newPool $ + Pool.defaultPoolConfig + {- resource init action -} poolCreateResource + {- resource destruction -} poolfreeResource + ( poolingInfo.unusedResourceOpenTime.unSeconds + & fromIntegral @Natural @Double + ) + (poolingInfo.maxOpenResourcesAcrossAllStripes.unAtLeast) + where + poolCreateResource = Postgres.connect connectInfo + poolfreeResource = Postgres.close + + -- \| Destroy a Postgres connection pool + destroyPGConnPool :: + -- \| Pool to be destroyed + (Pool Postgres.Connection) -> + IO () + destroyPGConnPool p = Pool.destroyAllResources p + +-- | Catch any Postgres exception that gets thrown, +-- print the query that was run and the query parameters, +-- then rethrow inside an 'Error'. +handlePGException :: + forall a params tools m. + (ToRow params, MonadUnliftIO m, MonadLogger m, HasField "pgFormat" tools Tool) => + tools -> + Text -> + Query -> + -- | Depending on whether we used `format` or `formatMany`. + Either params [params] -> + IO a -> + Transaction m a +handlePGException tools queryType query' params io = do + withRunInIO $ \unliftIO -> + io + `catches` [ Handler $ unliftIO . logQueryException @SqlError, + Handler $ unliftIO . logQueryException @QueryError, + Handler $ unliftIO . logQueryException @ResultError, + Handler $ unliftIO . logFormatException + ] + where + -- TODO: use throwInternalError here (after pulling it into the MonadPostgres class) + throwAsError = unwrapIOError . Left . newError + throwErr err = liftIO $ throwAsError $ prettyErrorTree $ nestedMultiError "A Postgres query failed" err + logQueryException :: (Exception e) => e -> Transaction m a + logQueryException exc = do + formattedQuery <- case params of + Left one -> pgFormatQuery' tools query' one + Right many -> pgFormatQueryMany' tools query' many + throwErr + ( singleError [fmt|Query Type: {queryType}|] + :| [ nestedError "Exception" (exc & showPretty & newError & singleError), + nestedError "Query" (formattedQuery & newError & singleError) + ] + ) + logFormatException :: FormatError -> Transaction m a + logFormatException fe = throwErr (fe & showPretty & newError & singleError & singleton) + +-- | Perform a Postgres action within a transaction +withPGTransaction :: + -- | Postgres connection pool to be used for the action + (Pool Postgres.Connection) -> + -- | DB-action to be performed + (Postgres.Connection -> IO a) -> + -- | Result of the DB-action + IO a +withPGTransaction connPool f = + Pool.withResource + connPool + (\conn -> Postgres.withTransaction conn (f conn)) + +runPGTransactionImpl :: (MonadUnliftIO m) => m (Pool Postgres.Connection) -> Transaction m a -> m a +{-# INLINE runPGTransactionImpl #-} +runPGTransactionImpl zoom (Transaction transaction) = do + pool <- zoom + withRunInIO $ \unliftIO -> + withPGTransaction pool $ \conn -> do + unliftIO $ runReaderT transaction conn + +executeImpl :: + (ToRow params, MonadUnliftIO m, MonadLogger m, HasField "pgFormat" tools Tool, Otel.MonadTracer m) => + m tools -> + m DebugLogDatabaseQueries -> + Query -> + params -> + Transaction m (Label "numberOfRowsAffected" Natural) +{-# INLINE executeImpl #-} +executeImpl zoomTools zoomDebugLogDatabaseQueries qry params = + Otel.inSpan' "Postgres Query (execute)" Otel.defaultSpanArguments $ \span -> do + tools <- lift @Transaction zoomTools + logDatabaseQueries <- lift @Transaction zoomDebugLogDatabaseQueries + traceQueryIfEnabled tools span logDatabaseQueries qry (HasSingleParam params) + conn <- Transaction ask + PG.execute conn qry params + & handlePGException tools "execute" qry (Left params) + >>= toNumberOfRowsAffected "executeImpl" + +executeImpl_ :: + (MonadUnliftIO m, MonadLogger m, HasField "pgFormat" tools Tool, Otel.MonadTracer m) => + m tools -> + m DebugLogDatabaseQueries -> + Query -> + Transaction m (Label "numberOfRowsAffected" Natural) +{-# INLINE executeImpl_ #-} +executeImpl_ zoomTools zoomDebugLogDatabaseQueries qry = + Otel.inSpan' "Postgres Query (execute)" Otel.defaultSpanArguments $ \span -> do + tools <- lift @Transaction zoomTools + logDatabaseQueries <- lift @Transaction zoomDebugLogDatabaseQueries + traceQueryIfEnabled @() tools span logDatabaseQueries qry HasNoParams + conn <- Transaction ask + PG.execute_ conn qry + & handlePGException tools "execute_" qry (Left ()) + >>= toNumberOfRowsAffected "executeImpl_" + +executeManyImpl :: + (ToRow params, MonadUnliftIO m, MonadLogger m, HasField "pgFormat" tools Tool, Otel.MonadTracer m) => + m tools -> + m DebugLogDatabaseQueries -> + Query -> + [params] -> + Transaction m (Label "numberOfRowsAffected" Natural) +executeManyImpl zoomTools zoomDebugLogDatabaseQueries qry params = + Otel.inSpan' "Postgres Query (execute)" Otel.defaultSpanArguments $ \span -> do + tools <- lift @Transaction zoomTools + logDatabaseQueries <- lift @Transaction zoomDebugLogDatabaseQueries + traceQueryIfEnabled tools span logDatabaseQueries qry (HasMultiParams params) + conn <- Transaction ask + PG.executeMany conn qry params + & handlePGException tools "executeMany" qry (Right params) + >>= toNumberOfRowsAffected "executeManyImpl" + +toNumberOfRowsAffected :: (MonadIO m) => Text -> Int64 -> m (Label "numberOfRowsAffected" Natural) +toNumberOfRowsAffected functionName i64 = + i64 + & intToNatural + & annotate [fmt|{functionName}: postgres returned a negative number of rows affected: {i64}|] + -- we throw this directly in IO here, because we don’t want to e.g. have to propagate MonadThrow through user code (it’s an assertion) + & unwrapIOError + & liftIO + <&> label @"numberOfRowsAffected" + +executeManyReturningWithImpl :: + (ToRow params, MonadUnliftIO m, MonadLogger m, HasField "pgFormat" tools Tool, Otel.MonadTracer m) => + m tools -> + m DebugLogDatabaseQueries -> + Query -> + [params] -> + Decoder r -> + Transaction m [r] +{-# INLINE executeManyReturningWithImpl #-} +executeManyReturningWithImpl zoomTools zoomDebugLogDatabaseQueries qry params (Decoder fromRow) = do + Otel.inSpan' "Postgres Query (execute)" Otel.defaultSpanArguments $ \span -> do + tools <- lift @Transaction zoomTools + logDatabaseQueries <- lift @Transaction zoomDebugLogDatabaseQueries + traceQueryIfEnabled tools span logDatabaseQueries qry (HasMultiParams params) + conn <- Transaction ask + PG.returningWith fromRow conn qry params + & handlePGException tools "executeManyReturning" qry (Right params) + +foldRowsImpl :: + (FromRow row, ToRow params, MonadUnliftIO m, MonadLogger m, HasField "pgFormat" tools Tool) => + m tools -> + Query -> + params -> + a -> + (a -> row -> Transaction m a) -> + Transaction m a +{-# INLINE foldRowsImpl #-} +foldRowsImpl zoomTools qry params accumulator f = do + conn <- Transaction ask + tools <- lift @Transaction zoomTools + withRunInIO + ( \runInIO -> + do + PG.fold + conn + qry + params + accumulator + (\acc row -> runInIO $ f acc row) + & handlePGException tools "fold" qry (Left params) + & runInIO + ) + +pgFormatQueryNoParams' :: + (MonadIO m, MonadLogger m, HasField "pgFormat" tools Tool) => + tools -> + Query -> + Transaction m Text +pgFormatQueryNoParams' tools q = + lift $ pgFormatQueryByteString tools q.fromQuery + +pgFormatQuery :: (ToRow params, MonadIO m) => Query -> params -> Transaction m ByteString +pgFormatQuery qry params = Transaction $ do + conn <- ask + liftIO $ PG.formatQuery conn qry params + +pgFormatQueryMany :: (MonadIO m, ToRow params) => Query -> [params] -> Transaction m ByteString +pgFormatQueryMany qry params = Transaction $ do + conn <- ask + liftIO $ PG.formatMany conn qry params + +queryWithImpl :: + (ToRow params, MonadUnliftIO m, MonadLogger m, HasField "pgFormat" tools Tool, Otel.MonadTracer m) => + m tools -> + m DebugLogDatabaseQueries -> + Query -> + params -> + Decoder r -> + Transaction m [r] +{-# INLINE queryWithImpl #-} +queryWithImpl zoomTools zoomDebugLogDatabaseQueries qry params (Decoder fromRow) = do + Otel.inSpan' "Postgres Query (execute)" Otel.defaultSpanArguments $ \span -> do + tools <- lift @Transaction zoomTools + logDatabaseQueries <- lift @Transaction zoomDebugLogDatabaseQueries + traceQueryIfEnabled tools span logDatabaseQueries qry (HasSingleParam params) + conn <- Transaction ask + PG.queryWith fromRow conn qry params + & handlePGException tools "query" qry (Left params) + +queryWithImpl_ :: (MonadUnliftIO m, MonadLogger m, HasField "pgFormat" tools Tool) => m tools -> Query -> Decoder r -> Transaction m [r] +{-# INLINE queryWithImpl_ #-} +queryWithImpl_ zoomTools qry (Decoder fromRow) = do + tools <- lift @Transaction zoomTools + conn <- Transaction ask + liftIO (PG.queryWith_ fromRow conn qry) + & handlePGException tools "query" qry (Left ()) + +pgQuery :: (ToRow params, FromRow r, MonadUnliftIO m, MonadLogger m, HasField "pgFormat" tools Tool) => tools -> Query -> params -> Transaction m [r] +pgQuery tools qry params = do + conn <- Transaction ask + PG.query conn qry params + & handlePGException tools "query" qry (Left params) + +pgQuery_ :: (FromRow r, MonadUnliftIO m, MonadLogger m, HasField "pgFormat" tools Tool) => tools -> Query -> Transaction m [r] +pgQuery_ tools qry = do + conn <- Transaction ask + PG.query_ conn qry + & handlePGException tools "query_" qry (Left ()) + +data SingleRowError = SingleRowError + { -- | How many columns were actually returned by the query + numberOfRowsReturned :: Int + } + deriving stock (Show) + +instance Exception SingleRowError where + displayException (SingleRowError {..}) = [fmt|Single row expected from SQL query result, {numberOfRowsReturned} rows were returned instead."|] + +pgFormatQuery' :: (MonadIO m, ToRow params, MonadLogger m, HasField "pgFormat" tools Tool) => tools -> Query -> params -> Transaction m Text +pgFormatQuery' tools q p = + pgFormatQuery q p + >>= lift . pgFormatQueryByteString tools + +pgFormatQueryMany' :: (MonadIO m, ToRow params, MonadLogger m, HasField "pgFormat" tools Tool) => tools -> Query -> [params] -> Transaction m Text +pgFormatQueryMany' tools q p = + pgFormatQueryMany q p + >>= lift . pgFormatQueryByteString tools + +-- | Read the executable name "pg_format" +postgresToolsParser :: ToolParserT IO (Label "pgFormat" Tool) +postgresToolsParser = label @"pgFormat" <$> readTool "pg_format" + +pgFormatQueryByteString :: (MonadIO m, MonadLogger m, HasField "pgFormat" tools Tool) => tools -> ByteString -> m Text +pgFormatQueryByteString tools queryBytes = do + do + (exitCode, stdout, stderr) <- + Process.readProcessWithExitCode + tools.pgFormat.toolPath + ["-"] + (queryBytes & bytesToTextUtf8Lenient & textToString) + case exitCode of + ExitSuccess -> pure (stdout & stringToText) + ExitFailure status -> do + $logWarn [fmt|pg_format failed with status {status} while formatting the query, using original query string. Is there a syntax error?|] + $logDebug + ( prettyErrorTree + ( nestedMultiError + "pg_format output" + ( nestedError "stdout" (singleError (stdout & stringToText & newError)) + :| [(nestedError "stderr" (singleError (stderr & stringToText & newError)))] + ) + ) + ) + $logDebug [fmt|pg_format stdout: stderr|] + pure (queryBytes & bytesToTextUtf8Lenient) + +data DebugLogDatabaseQueries + = -- | Do not log the database queries + DontLogDatabaseQueries + | -- | Log the database queries as debug output; + LogDatabaseQueries + | -- | Log the database queries as debug output and additionally the EXPLAIN output (from the query analyzer, not the actual values after execution cause that’s a bit harder to do) + LogDatabaseQueriesAndExplain + deriving stock (Show, Enum, Bounded) + +data HasQueryParams param + = HasNoParams + | HasSingleParam param + | HasMultiParams [param] + +-- | Log the postgres query depending on the given setting +traceQueryIfEnabled :: + ( ToRow params, + MonadUnliftIO m, + MonadLogger m, + HasField "pgFormat" tools Tool, + Otel.MonadTracer m + ) => + tools -> + Otel.Span -> + DebugLogDatabaseQueries -> + Query -> + HasQueryParams params -> + Transaction m () +traceQueryIfEnabled tools span logDatabaseQueries qry params = do + -- In case we have query logging enabled, we want to do that + let formattedQuery = case params of + HasNoParams -> pgFormatQueryNoParams' tools qry + HasSingleParam p -> pgFormatQuery' tools qry p + HasMultiParams ps -> pgFormatQueryMany' tools qry ps + let doLog errs = + Otel.addAttributes + span + $ HashMap.fromList + $ ( ("postgres.query", Otel.toAttribute @Text errs.query) + : ( errs.explain + & foldMap + ( \ex -> + [("postgres.explain", Otel.toAttribute @Text ex)] + ) + ) + ) + let doExplain = do + q <- formattedQuery + Otel.inSpan "Postgres EXPLAIN Query" Otel.defaultSpanArguments $ do + queryWithImpl_ + (pure tools) + ( "EXPLAIN " + <> ( + -- TODO: this is not nice, but the only way to get the `executeMany` form to work with this + -- because we need the query with all elements already interpolated. + Query (q & textToBytesUtf8) + ) + ) + (Dec.fromField @Text) + <&> Text.intercalate "\n" + case logDatabaseQueries of + DontLogDatabaseQueries -> pure () + LogDatabaseQueries -> do + q <- formattedQuery + doLog (T2 (label @"query" q) (label @"explain" Nothing)) + LogDatabaseQueriesAndExplain -> do + q <- formattedQuery + -- XXX: stuff like `CREATE SCHEMA` cannot be EXPLAINed, so we should catch exceptions here + -- and just ignore anything that errors (if it errors because of a problem with the query, it would have been caught by the query itself. + ex <- doExplain + doLog (T2 (label @"query" q) (label @"explain" (Just ex))) + +instance (ToField t1) => ToRow (Label l1 t1) where + toRow t2 = toRow $ PG.Only $ getField @l1 t2 + +instance (ToField t1, ToField t2) => ToRow (T2 l1 t1 l2 t2) where + toRow t2 = toRow (getField @l1 t2, getField @l2 t2) + +instance (ToField t1, ToField t2, ToField t3) => ToRow (T3 l1 t1 l2 t2 l3 t3) where + toRow t3 = toRow (getField @l1 t3, getField @l2 t3, getField @l3 t3) |