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-rw-r--r--tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/bytes.rs70
-rw-r--r--tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/collections.rs105
-rw-r--r--tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/int.rs100
-rw-r--r--tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/mock.rs261
-rw-r--r--tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/mod.rs225
-rw-r--r--tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/reader.rs526
-rw-r--r--tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/mod.rs6
-rw-r--r--tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/protocol_version.rs139
-rw-r--r--tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/bytes.rs89
-rw-r--r--tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/collections.rs94
-rw-r--r--tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/display.rs8
-rw-r--r--tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/int.rs108
-rw-r--r--tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/mock.rs672
-rw-r--r--tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/mod.rs124
-rw-r--r--tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/writer.rs306
15 files changed, 2833 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/bytes.rs b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/bytes.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4c64247f7051
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/bytes.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+use bytes::Bytes;
+
+use super::{Error, NixDeserialize, NixRead};
+
+impl NixDeserialize for Bytes {
+    async fn try_deserialize<R>(reader: &mut R) -> Result<Option<Self>, R::Error>
+    where
+        R: ?Sized + NixRead + Send,
+    {
+        reader.try_read_bytes().await
+    }
+}
+
+impl NixDeserialize for String {
+    async fn try_deserialize<R>(reader: &mut R) -> Result<Option<Self>, R::Error>
+    where
+        R: ?Sized + NixRead + Send,
+    {
+        if let Some(buf) = reader.try_read_bytes().await? {
+            String::from_utf8(buf.to_vec())
+                .map_err(R::Error::invalid_data)
+                .map(Some)
+        } else {
+            Ok(None)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use std::io;
+
+    use hex_literal::hex;
+    use rstest::rstest;
+    use tokio_test::io::Builder;
+
+    use crate::wire::de::{NixRead, NixReader};
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::empty("", &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::one(")", &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000 2900 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::two("it", &hex!("0200 0000 0000 0000 6974 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::three("tea", &hex!("0300 0000 0000 0000 7465 6100 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::four("were", &hex!("0400 0000 0000 0000 7765 7265 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::five("where", &hex!("0500 0000 0000 0000 7768 6572 6500 0000"))]
+    #[case::six("unwrap", &hex!("0600 0000 0000 0000 756E 7772 6170 0000"))]
+    #[case::seven("where's", &hex!("0700 0000 0000 0000 7768 6572 6527 7300"))]
+    #[case::aligned("read_tea", &hex!("0800 0000 0000 0000 7265 6164 5F74 6561"))]
+    #[case::more_bytes("read_tess", &hex!("0900 0000 0000 0000 7265 6164 5F74 6573 7300 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::utf8("The quick brown 🦊 jumps over 13 lazy 🐶.", &hex!("2D00 0000 0000 0000  5468 6520 7175 6963  6b20 6272 6f77 6e20  f09f a68a 206a 756d  7073 206f 7665 7220  3133 206c 617a 7920  f09f 90b6 2e00 0000"))]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_string(#[case] expected: &str, #[case] data: &[u8]) {
+        let mock = Builder::new().read(data).build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+        let actual: String = reader.read_value().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_string_invalid() {
+        let mock = Builder::new()
+            .read(&hex!("0300 0000 0000 0000 EDA0 8000 0000 0000"))
+            .build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+        assert_eq!(
+            io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            reader.read_value::<String>().await.unwrap_err().kind()
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/collections.rs b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/collections.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e1271635e4e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/collections.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, future::Future};
+
+use super::{NixDeserialize, NixRead};
+
+#[allow(clippy::manual_async_fn)]
+impl<T> NixDeserialize for Vec<T>
+where
+    T: NixDeserialize + Send,
+{
+    fn try_deserialize<R>(
+        reader: &mut R,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Option<Self>, R::Error>> + Send + '_
+    where
+        R: ?Sized + NixRead + Send,
+    {
+        async move {
+            if let Some(len) = reader.try_read_value::<usize>().await? {
+                let mut ret = Vec::with_capacity(len);
+                for _ in 0..len {
+                    ret.push(reader.read_value().await?);
+                }
+                Ok(Some(ret))
+            } else {
+                Ok(None)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::manual_async_fn)]
+impl<K, V> NixDeserialize for BTreeMap<K, V>
+where
+    K: NixDeserialize + Ord + Send,
+    V: NixDeserialize + Send,
+{
+    fn try_deserialize<R>(
+        reader: &mut R,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Option<Self>, R::Error>> + Send + '_
+    where
+        R: ?Sized + NixRead + Send,
+    {
+        async move {
+            if let Some(len) = reader.try_read_value::<usize>().await? {
+                let mut ret = BTreeMap::new();
+                for _ in 0..len {
+                    let key = reader.read_value().await?;
+                    let value = reader.read_value().await?;
+                    ret.insert(key, value);
+                }
+                Ok(Some(ret))
+            } else {
+                Ok(None)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+    use std::fmt;
+
+    use hex_literal::hex;
+    use rstest::rstest;
+    use tokio_test::io::Builder;
+
+    use crate::wire::de::{NixDeserialize, NixRead, NixReader};
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::empty(vec![], &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::one(vec![0x29], &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000 2900 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::two(vec![0x7469, 10], &hex!("0200 0000 0000 0000 6974 0000 0000 0000 0A00 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_small_vec(#[case] expected: Vec<usize>, #[case] data: &[u8]) {
+        let mock = Builder::new().read(data).build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+        let actual: Vec<usize> = reader.read_value().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+    }
+
+    fn empty_map() -> BTreeMap<usize, u64> {
+        BTreeMap::new()
+    }
+    macro_rules! map {
+        ($($key:expr => $value:expr),*) => {{
+            let mut ret = BTreeMap::new();
+            $(ret.insert($key, $value);)*
+            ret
+        }};
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::empty(empty_map(), &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::one(map![0x7469usize => 10u64], &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000 6974 0000 0000 0000 0A00 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_small_btree_map<E>(#[case] expected: E, #[case] data: &[u8])
+    where
+        E: NixDeserialize + PartialEq + fmt::Debug,
+    {
+        let mock = Builder::new().read(data).build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+        let actual: E = reader.read_value().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/int.rs b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/int.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d505de9b1b24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/int.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+use super::{Error, NixDeserialize, NixRead};
+
+impl NixDeserialize for u64 {
+    async fn try_deserialize<R>(reader: &mut R) -> Result<Option<Self>, R::Error>
+    where
+        R: ?Sized + NixRead + Send,
+    {
+        reader.try_read_number().await
+    }
+}
+
+impl NixDeserialize for usize {
+    async fn try_deserialize<R>(reader: &mut R) -> Result<Option<Self>, R::Error>
+    where
+        R: ?Sized + NixRead + Send,
+    {
+        if let Some(value) = reader.try_read_number().await? {
+            value.try_into().map_err(R::Error::invalid_data).map(Some)
+        } else {
+            Ok(None)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl NixDeserialize for bool {
+    async fn try_deserialize<R>(reader: &mut R) -> Result<Option<Self>, R::Error>
+    where
+        R: ?Sized + NixRead + Send,
+    {
+        Ok(reader.try_read_number().await?.map(|v| v != 0))
+    }
+}
+impl NixDeserialize for i64 {
+    async fn try_deserialize<R>(reader: &mut R) -> Result<Option<Self>, R::Error>
+    where
+        R: ?Sized + NixRead + Send,
+    {
+        Ok(reader.try_read_number().await?.map(|v| v as i64))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use hex_literal::hex;
+    use rstest::rstest;
+    use tokio_test::io::Builder;
+
+    use crate::wire::de::{NixRead, NixReader};
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::simple_false(false, &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::simple_true(true, &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::other_true(true, &hex!("1234 5600 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::max_true(true, &hex!("FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF"))]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_bool(#[case] expected: bool, #[case] data: &[u8]) {
+        let mock = Builder::new().read(data).build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+        let actual: bool = reader.read_value().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::zero(0, &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::one(1, &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::other(0x563412, &hex!("1234 5600 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::max_value(u64::MAX, &hex!("FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF"))]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_u64(#[case] expected: u64, #[case] data: &[u8]) {
+        let mock = Builder::new().read(data).build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+        let actual: u64 = reader.read_value().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::zero(0, &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::one(1, &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::other(0x563412, &hex!("1234 5600 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::max_value(usize::MAX, &usize::MAX.to_le_bytes())]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_usize(#[case] expected: usize, #[case] data: &[u8]) {
+        let mock = Builder::new().read(data).build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+        let actual: usize = reader.read_value().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+    }
+
+    // FUTUREWORK: Test this on supported hardware
+    #[tokio::test]
+    #[cfg(any(target_pointer_width = "16", target_pointer_width = "32"))]
+    async fn test_read_usize_overflow() {
+        let mock = Builder::new().read(&u64::MAX.to_le_bytes()).build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+        assert_eq!(
+            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            reader.read_value::<usize>().await.unwrap_err().kind()
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/mock.rs b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/mock.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8a1fb817743c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/mock.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::io;
+use std::thread;
+
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::wire::ProtocolVersion;
+
+use super::NixRead;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
+pub enum Error {
+    #[error("custom error '{0}'")]
+    Custom(String),
+    #[error("invalid data '{0}'")]
+    InvalidData(String),
+    #[error("missing data '{0}'")]
+    MissingData(String),
+    #[error("IO error {0} '{1}'")]
+    IO(io::ErrorKind, String),
+    #[error("wrong read: expected {0} got {1}")]
+    WrongRead(OperationType, OperationType),
+}
+
+impl Error {
+    pub fn expected_read_number() -> Error {
+        Error::WrongRead(OperationType::ReadNumber, OperationType::ReadBytes)
+    }
+
+    pub fn expected_read_bytes() -> Error {
+        Error::WrongRead(OperationType::ReadBytes, OperationType::ReadNumber)
+    }
+}
+
+impl super::Error for Error {
+    fn custom<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        Self::Custom(msg.to_string())
+    }
+
+    fn io_error(err: std::io::Error) -> Self {
+        Self::IO(err.kind(), err.to_string())
+    }
+
+    fn invalid_data<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        Self::InvalidData(msg.to_string())
+    }
+
+    fn missing_data<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        Self::MissingData(msg.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum OperationType {
+    ReadNumber,
+    ReadBytes,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for OperationType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::ReadNumber => write!(f, "read_number"),
+            Self::ReadBytes => write!(f, "read_bytess"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum Operation {
+    ReadNumber(Result<u64, Error>),
+    ReadBytes(Result<Bytes, Error>),
+}
+
+impl From<Operation> for OperationType {
+    fn from(value: Operation) -> Self {
+        match value {
+            Operation::ReadNumber(_) => OperationType::ReadNumber,
+            Operation::ReadBytes(_) => OperationType::ReadBytes,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Builder {
+    version: ProtocolVersion,
+    ops: VecDeque<Operation>,
+}
+
+impl Builder {
+    pub fn new() -> Builder {
+        Builder {
+            version: Default::default(),
+            ops: VecDeque::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn version<V: Into<ProtocolVersion>>(&mut self, version: V) -> &mut Self {
+        self.version = version.into();
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_number(&mut self, value: u64) -> &mut Self {
+        self.ops.push_back(Operation::ReadNumber(Ok(value)));
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_number_error(&mut self, err: Error) -> &mut Self {
+        self.ops.push_back(Operation::ReadNumber(Err(err)));
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_bytes(&mut self, value: Bytes) -> &mut Self {
+        self.ops.push_back(Operation::ReadBytes(Ok(value)));
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_slice(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> &mut Self {
+        let value = Bytes::copy_from_slice(data);
+        self.ops.push_back(Operation::ReadBytes(Ok(value)));
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_bytes_error(&mut self, err: Error) -> &mut Self {
+        self.ops.push_back(Operation::ReadBytes(Err(err)));
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn build(&mut self) -> Mock {
+        Mock {
+            version: self.version,
+            ops: self.ops.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Builder {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Mock {
+    version: ProtocolVersion,
+    ops: VecDeque<Operation>,
+}
+
+impl NixRead for Mock {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn version(&self) -> ProtocolVersion {
+        self.version
+    }
+
+    async fn try_read_number(&mut self) -> Result<Option<u64>, Self::Error> {
+        match self.ops.pop_front() {
+            Some(Operation::ReadNumber(ret)) => ret.map(Some),
+            Some(Operation::ReadBytes(_)) => Err(Error::expected_read_bytes()),
+            None => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn try_read_bytes_limited(
+        &mut self,
+        _limit: std::ops::RangeInclusive<usize>,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Bytes>, Self::Error> {
+        match self.ops.pop_front() {
+            Some(Operation::ReadBytes(ret)) => ret.map(Some),
+            Some(Operation::ReadNumber(_)) => Err(Error::expected_read_number()),
+            None => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Mock {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // No need to panic again
+        if thread::panicking() {
+            return;
+        }
+        if let Some(op) = self.ops.front() {
+            panic!("reader dropped with {op:?} operation still unread")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use bytes::Bytes;
+    use hex_literal::hex;
+
+    use crate::wire::de::NixRead;
+
+    use super::{Builder, Error};
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn read_slice() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new()
+            .read_number(10)
+            .read_slice(&[])
+            .read_slice(&hex!("0000 1234 5678 9ABC DEFF"))
+            .build();
+        assert_eq!(10, mock.read_number().await.unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(&[] as &[u8], &mock.read_bytes().await.unwrap()[..]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            &hex!("0000 1234 5678 9ABC DEFF"),
+            &mock.read_bytes().await.unwrap()[..]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(None, mock.try_read_number().await.unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(None, mock.try_read_bytes().await.unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn read_bytes() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new()
+            .read_number(10)
+            .read_bytes(Bytes::from_static(&[]))
+            .read_bytes(Bytes::from_static(&hex!("0000 1234 5678 9ABC DEFF")))
+            .build();
+        assert_eq!(10, mock.read_number().await.unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(&[] as &[u8], &mock.read_bytes().await.unwrap()[..]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            &hex!("0000 1234 5678 9ABC DEFF"),
+            &mock.read_bytes().await.unwrap()[..]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(None, mock.try_read_number().await.unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(None, mock.try_read_bytes().await.unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn read_number() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new().read_number(10).build();
+        assert_eq!(10, mock.read_number().await.unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(None, mock.try_read_number().await.unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(None, mock.try_read_bytes().await.unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn expect_number() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new().read_number(10).build();
+        assert_eq!(
+            Error::expected_read_number(),
+            mock.read_bytes().await.unwrap_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn expect_bytes() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new().read_slice(&[]).build();
+        assert_eq!(
+            Error::expected_read_bytes(),
+            mock.read_number().await.unwrap_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic]
+    fn operations_left() {
+        let _ = Builder::new().read_number(10).build();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/mod.rs b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f85ccd8fea0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+use std::error::Error as StdError;
+use std::future::Future;
+use std::ops::RangeInclusive;
+use std::{fmt, io};
+
+use ::bytes::Bytes;
+
+use super::ProtocolVersion;
+
+mod bytes;
+mod collections;
+mod int;
+#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
+pub mod mock;
+mod reader;
+
+pub use reader::{NixReader, NixReaderBuilder};
+
+/// Like serde the `Error` trait allows `NixRead` implementations to add
+/// custom error handling for `NixDeserialize`.
+pub trait Error: Sized + StdError {
+    /// A totally custom non-specific error.
+    fn custom<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self;
+
+    /// Some kind of std::io::Error occured.
+    fn io_error(err: std::io::Error) -> Self {
+        Self::custom(format_args!("There was an I/O error {}", err))
+    }
+
+    /// The data read from `NixRead` is invalid.
+    /// This could be that some bytes were supposed to be valid UFT-8 but weren't.
+    fn invalid_data<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        Self::custom(msg)
+    }
+
+    /// Required data is missing. This is mostly like an EOF
+    fn missing_data<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        Self::custom(msg)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Error for io::Error {
+    fn custom<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, msg.to_string())
+    }
+
+    fn io_error(err: std::io::Error) -> Self {
+        err
+    }
+
+    fn invalid_data<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, msg.to_string())
+    }
+
+    fn missing_data<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof, msg.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A reader of data from the Nix daemon protocol.
+/// Basically there are two basic types in the Nix daemon protocol
+/// u64 and a bytes buffer. Everything else is more or less built on
+/// top of these two types.
+pub trait NixRead: Send {
+    type Error: Error + Send;
+
+    /// Some types are serialized differently depending on the version
+    /// of the protocol and so this can be used for implementing that.
+    fn version(&self) -> ProtocolVersion;
+
+    /// Read a single u64 from the protocol.
+    /// This returns an Option to support graceful shutdown.
+    fn try_read_number(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Option<u64>, Self::Error>> + Send + '_;
+
+    /// Read bytes from the protocol.
+    /// A size limit on the returned bytes has to be specified.
+    /// This returns an Option to support graceful shutdown.
+    fn try_read_bytes_limited(
+        &mut self,
+        limit: RangeInclusive<usize>,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Option<Bytes>, Self::Error>> + Send + '_;
+
+    /// Read bytes from the protocol without a limit.
+    /// The default implementation just calls `try_read_bytes_limited` with a
+    /// limit of `0..=usize::MAX` but other implementations are free to have a
+    /// reader wide limit.
+    /// This returns an Option to support graceful shutdown.
+    fn try_read_bytes(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Option<Bytes>, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        self.try_read_bytes_limited(0..=usize::MAX)
+    }
+
+    /// Read a single u64 from the protocol.
+    /// This will return an error if the number could not be read.
+    fn read_number(&mut self) -> impl Future<Output = Result<u64, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        async move {
+            match self.try_read_number().await? {
+                Some(v) => Ok(v),
+                None => Err(Self::Error::missing_data("unexpected end-of-file")),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Read bytes from the protocol.
+    /// A size limit on the returned bytes has to be specified.
+    /// This will return an error if the number could not be read.
+    fn read_bytes_limited(
+        &mut self,
+        limit: RangeInclusive<usize>,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Bytes, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        async move {
+            match self.try_read_bytes_limited(limit).await? {
+                Some(v) => Ok(v),
+                None => Err(Self::Error::missing_data("unexpected end-of-file")),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Read bytes from the protocol.
+    /// The default implementation just calls `read_bytes_limited` with a
+    /// limit of `0..=usize::MAX` but other implementations are free to have a
+    /// reader wide limit.
+    /// This will return an error if the bytes could not be read.
+    fn read_bytes(&mut self) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Bytes, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        self.read_bytes_limited(0..=usize::MAX)
+    }
+
+    /// Read a value from the protocol.
+    /// Uses `NixDeserialize::deserialize` to read a value.
+    fn read_value<V: NixDeserialize>(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<V, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        V::deserialize(self)
+    }
+
+    /// Read a value from the protocol.
+    /// Uses `NixDeserialize::try_deserialize` to read a value.
+    /// This returns an Option to support graceful shutdown.
+    fn try_read_value<V: NixDeserialize>(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Option<V>, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        V::try_deserialize(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: ?Sized + NixRead> NixRead for &mut T {
+    type Error = T::Error;
+
+    fn version(&self) -> ProtocolVersion {
+        (**self).version()
+    }
+
+    fn try_read_number(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Option<u64>, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        (**self).try_read_number()
+    }
+
+    fn try_read_bytes_limited(
+        &mut self,
+        limit: RangeInclusive<usize>,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Option<Bytes>, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        (**self).try_read_bytes_limited(limit)
+    }
+
+    fn try_read_bytes(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Option<Bytes>, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        (**self).try_read_bytes()
+    }
+
+    fn read_number(&mut self) -> impl Future<Output = Result<u64, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        (**self).read_number()
+    }
+
+    fn read_bytes_limited(
+        &mut self,
+        limit: RangeInclusive<usize>,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Bytes, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        (**self).read_bytes_limited(limit)
+    }
+
+    fn read_bytes(&mut self) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Bytes, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        (**self).read_bytes()
+    }
+
+    fn try_read_value<V: NixDeserialize>(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Option<V>, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        (**self).try_read_value()
+    }
+
+    fn read_value<V: NixDeserialize>(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<V, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        (**self).read_value()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A data structure that can be deserialized from the Nix daemon
+/// worker protocol.
+pub trait NixDeserialize: Sized {
+    /// Read a value from the reader.
+    /// This returns an Option to support gracefull shutdown.
+    fn try_deserialize<R>(
+        reader: &mut R,
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Option<Self>, R::Error>> + Send + '_
+    where
+        R: ?Sized + NixRead + Send;
+
+    fn deserialize<R>(reader: &mut R) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Self, R::Error>> + Send + '_
+    where
+        R: ?Sized + NixRead + Send,
+    {
+        async move {
+            match Self::try_deserialize(reader).await? {
+                Some(v) => Ok(v),
+                None => Err(R::Error::missing_data("unexpected end-of-file")),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/reader.rs b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/reader.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7825f393c4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/de/reader.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,526 @@
+use std::future::poll_fn;
+use std::io::{self, Cursor};
+use std::ops::RangeInclusive;
+use std::pin::Pin;
+use std::task::{ready, Context, Poll};
+
+use bytes::{Buf, BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
+use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
+use tokio::io::{AsyncBufRead, AsyncRead, AsyncReadExt, ReadBuf};
+
+use crate::wire::{ProtocolVersion, EMPTY_BYTES};
+
+use super::{Error, NixRead};
+
+pub struct NixReaderBuilder {
+    buf: Option<BytesMut>,
+    reserved_buf_size: usize,
+    max_buf_size: usize,
+    version: ProtocolVersion,
+}
+
+impl Default for NixReaderBuilder {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            buf: Default::default(),
+            reserved_buf_size: 8192,
+            max_buf_size: 8192,
+            version: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl NixReaderBuilder {
+    pub fn set_buffer(mut self, buf: BytesMut) -> Self {
+        self.buf = Some(buf);
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_reserved_buf_size(mut self, size: usize) -> Self {
+        self.reserved_buf_size = size;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_max_buf_size(mut self, size: usize) -> Self {
+        self.max_buf_size = size;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_version(mut self, version: ProtocolVersion) -> Self {
+        self.version = version;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn build<R>(self, reader: R) -> NixReader<R> {
+        let buf = self.buf.unwrap_or_else(|| BytesMut::with_capacity(0));
+        NixReader {
+            buf,
+            inner: reader,
+            reserved_buf_size: self.reserved_buf_size,
+            max_buf_size: self.max_buf_size,
+            version: self.version,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pin_project! {
+    pub struct NixReader<R> {
+        #[pin]
+        inner: R,
+        buf: BytesMut,
+        reserved_buf_size: usize,
+        max_buf_size: usize,
+        version: ProtocolVersion,
+    }
+}
+
+impl NixReader<Cursor<Vec<u8>>> {
+    pub fn builder() -> NixReaderBuilder {
+        NixReaderBuilder::default()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<R> NixReader<R>
+where
+    R: AsyncReadExt,
+{
+    pub fn new(reader: R) -> NixReader<R> {
+        NixReader::builder().build(reader)
+    }
+
+    pub fn buffer(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        &self.buf[..]
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fn buffer_mut(&mut self) -> &mut BytesMut {
+        &mut self.buf
+    }
+
+    /// Remaining capacity in internal buffer
+    pub fn remaining_mut(&self) -> usize {
+        self.buf.capacity() - self.buf.len()
+    }
+
+    fn poll_force_fill_buf(
+        mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+        cx: &mut Context<'_>,
+    ) -> Poll<io::Result<usize>> {
+        // Ensure that buffer has space for at least reserved_buf_size bytes
+        if self.remaining_mut() < self.reserved_buf_size {
+            let me = self.as_mut().project();
+            me.buf.reserve(*me.reserved_buf_size);
+        }
+        let me = self.project();
+        let n = {
+            let dst = me.buf.spare_capacity_mut();
+            let mut buf = ReadBuf::uninit(dst);
+            let ptr = buf.filled().as_ptr();
+            ready!(me.inner.poll_read(cx, &mut buf)?);
+
+            // Ensure the pointer does not change from under us
+            assert_eq!(ptr, buf.filled().as_ptr());
+            buf.filled().len()
+        };
+
+        // SAFETY: This is guaranteed to be the number of initialized (and read)
+        // bytes due to the invariants provided by `ReadBuf::filled`.
+        unsafe {
+            me.buf.advance_mut(n);
+        }
+        Poll::Ready(Ok(n))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<R> NixReader<R>
+where
+    R: AsyncReadExt + Unpin,
+{
+    async fn force_fill(&mut self) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        let mut p = Pin::new(self);
+        let read = poll_fn(|cx| p.as_mut().poll_force_fill_buf(cx)).await?;
+        Ok(read)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<R> NixRead for NixReader<R>
+where
+    R: AsyncReadExt + Send + Unpin,
+{
+    type Error = io::Error;
+
+    fn version(&self) -> ProtocolVersion {
+        self.version
+    }
+
+    async fn try_read_number(&mut self) -> Result<Option<u64>, Self::Error> {
+        let mut buf = [0u8; 8];
+        let read = self.read_buf(&mut &mut buf[..]).await?;
+        if read == 0 {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+        if read < 8 {
+            self.read_exact(&mut buf[read..]).await?;
+        }
+        let num = Buf::get_u64_le(&mut &buf[..]);
+        Ok(Some(num))
+    }
+
+    async fn try_read_bytes_limited(
+        &mut self,
+        limit: RangeInclusive<usize>,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Bytes>, Self::Error> {
+        assert!(
+            *limit.end() <= self.max_buf_size,
+            "The limit must be smaller than {}",
+            self.max_buf_size
+        );
+        match self.try_read_number().await? {
+            Some(raw_len) => {
+                // Check that length is in range and convert to usize
+                let len = raw_len
+                    .try_into()
+                    .ok()
+                    .filter(|v| limit.contains(v))
+                    .ok_or_else(|| Self::Error::invalid_data("bytes length out of range"))?;
+
+                // Calculate 64bit aligned length and convert to usize
+                let aligned: usize = raw_len
+                    .checked_add(7)
+                    .map(|v| v & !7)
+                    .ok_or_else(|| Self::Error::invalid_data("bytes length out of range"))?
+                    .try_into()
+                    .map_err(Self::Error::invalid_data)?;
+
+                // Ensure that there is enough space in buffer for contents
+                if self.buf.len() + self.remaining_mut() < aligned {
+                    self.buf.reserve(aligned - self.buf.len());
+                }
+                while self.buf.len() < aligned {
+                    if self.force_fill().await? == 0 {
+                        return Err(Self::Error::missing_data(
+                            "unexpected end-of-file reading bytes",
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+                let mut contents = self.buf.split_to(aligned);
+
+                let padding = aligned - len;
+                // Ensure padding is all zeros
+                if contents[len..] != EMPTY_BYTES[..padding] {
+                    return Err(Self::Error::invalid_data("non-zero padding"));
+                }
+
+                contents.truncate(len);
+                Ok(Some(contents.freeze()))
+            }
+            None => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn try_read_bytes(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> impl std::future::Future<Output = Result<Option<Bytes>, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        self.try_read_bytes_limited(0..=self.max_buf_size)
+    }
+
+    fn read_bytes(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> impl std::future::Future<Output = Result<Bytes, Self::Error>> + Send + '_ {
+        self.read_bytes_limited(0..=self.max_buf_size)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<R: AsyncRead> AsyncRead for NixReader<R> {
+    fn poll_read(
+        mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+        cx: &mut Context<'_>,
+        buf: &mut ReadBuf<'_>,
+    ) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
+        let rem = ready!(self.as_mut().poll_fill_buf(cx))?;
+        let amt = std::cmp::min(rem.len(), buf.remaining());
+        buf.put_slice(&rem[0..amt]);
+        self.consume(amt);
+        Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<R: AsyncRead> AsyncBufRead for NixReader<R> {
+    fn poll_fill_buf(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<&[u8]>> {
+        if self.as_ref().project_ref().buf.is_empty() {
+            ready!(self.as_mut().poll_force_fill_buf(cx))?;
+        }
+        let me = self.project();
+        Poll::Ready(Ok(&me.buf[..]))
+    }
+
+    fn consume(self: Pin<&mut Self>, amt: usize) {
+        let me = self.project();
+        me.buf.advance(amt)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use std::time::Duration;
+
+    use hex_literal::hex;
+    use rstest::rstest;
+    use tokio_test::io::Builder;
+
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::wire::de::NixRead;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_u64() {
+        let mock = Builder::new().read(&hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000")).build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+
+        assert_eq!(1, reader.read_number().await.unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(hex!(""), reader.buffer());
+
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        reader.read_to_end(&mut buf).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(hex!(""), &buf[..]);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_u64_rest() {
+        let mock = Builder::new()
+            .read(&hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000 0123 4567 89AB CDEF"))
+            .build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+
+        assert_eq!(1, reader.read_number().await.unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(hex!("0123 4567 89AB CDEF"), reader.buffer());
+
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        reader.read_to_end(&mut buf).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(hex!("0123 4567 89AB CDEF"), &buf[..]);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_u64_partial() {
+        let mock = Builder::new()
+            .read(&hex!("0100 0000"))
+            .wait(Duration::ZERO)
+            .read(&hex!("0000 0000 0123 4567 89AB CDEF"))
+            .wait(Duration::ZERO)
+            .read(&hex!("0100 0000"))
+            .build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+
+        assert_eq!(1, reader.read_number().await.unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(hex!("0123 4567 89AB CDEF"), reader.buffer());
+
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        reader.read_to_end(&mut buf).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(hex!("0123 4567 89AB CDEF 0100 0000"), &buf[..]);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_u64_eof() {
+        let mock = Builder::new().build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
+            reader.read_number().await.unwrap_err().kind()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_try_read_u64_none() {
+        let mock = Builder::new().build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+
+        assert_eq!(None, reader.try_read_number().await.unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_try_read_u64_eof() {
+        let mock = Builder::new().read(&hex!("0100 0000 0000")).build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
+            reader.try_read_number().await.unwrap_err().kind()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_try_read_u64_eof2() {
+        let mock = Builder::new()
+            .read(&hex!("0100"))
+            .wait(Duration::ZERO)
+            .read(&hex!("0000 0000"))
+            .build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
+            reader.try_read_number().await.unwrap_err().kind()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::empty(b"", &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::one(b")", &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000 2900 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::two(b"it", &hex!("0200 0000 0000 0000 6974 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::three(b"tea", &hex!("0300 0000 0000 0000 7465 6100 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::four(b"were", &hex!("0400 0000 0000 0000 7765 7265 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::five(b"where", &hex!("0500 0000 0000 0000 7768 6572 6500 0000"))]
+    #[case::six(b"unwrap", &hex!("0600 0000 0000 0000 756E 7772 6170 0000"))]
+    #[case::seven(b"where's", &hex!("0700 0000 0000 0000 7768 6572 6527 7300"))]
+    #[case::aligned(b"read_tea", &hex!("0800 0000 0000 0000 7265 6164 5F74 6561"))]
+    #[case::more_bytes(b"read_tess", &hex!("0900 0000 0000 0000 7265 6164 5F74 6573 7300 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_bytes(#[case] expected: &[u8], #[case] data: &[u8]) {
+        let mock = Builder::new().read(data).build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+        let actual = reader.read_bytes().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(&actual[..], expected);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_bytes_empty() {
+        let mock = Builder::new().build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
+            reader.read_bytes().await.unwrap_err().kind()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_try_read_bytes_none() {
+        let mock = Builder::new().build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+
+        assert_eq!(None, reader.try_read_bytes().await.unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_try_read_bytes_missing_data() {
+        let mock = Builder::new()
+            .read(&hex!("0500"))
+            .wait(Duration::ZERO)
+            .read(&hex!("0000 0000"))
+            .build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
+            reader.try_read_bytes().await.unwrap_err().kind()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_try_read_bytes_missing_padding() {
+        let mock = Builder::new()
+            .read(&hex!("0200 0000 0000 0000"))
+            .wait(Duration::ZERO)
+            .read(&hex!("1234"))
+            .build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
+            reader.try_read_bytes().await.unwrap_err().kind()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_bytes_bad_padding() {
+        let mock = Builder::new()
+            .read(&hex!("0200 0000 0000 0000"))
+            .wait(Duration::ZERO)
+            .read(&hex!("1234 0100 0000 0000"))
+            .build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            reader.read_bytes().await.unwrap_err().kind()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_bytes_limited_out_of_range() {
+        let mock = Builder::new().read(&hex!("FFFF 0000 0000 0000")).build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            reader.read_bytes_limited(0..=50).await.unwrap_err().kind()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_read_bytes_length_overflow() {
+        let mock = Builder::new().read(&hex!("F9FF FFFF FFFF FFFF")).build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::builder()
+            .set_max_buf_size(usize::MAX)
+            .build(mock);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            reader
+                .read_bytes_limited(0..=usize::MAX)
+                .await
+                .unwrap_err()
+                .kind()
+        );
+    }
+
+    // FUTUREWORK: Test this on supported hardware
+    #[tokio::test]
+    #[cfg(any(target_pointer_width = "16", target_pointer_width = "32"))]
+    async fn test_bytes_length_conversion_overflow() {
+        let len = (usize::MAX as u64) + 1;
+        let mock = Builder::new().read(&len.to_le_bytes()).build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+        assert_eq!(
+            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            reader.read_value::<usize>().await.unwrap_err().kind()
+        );
+    }
+
+    // FUTUREWORK: Test this on supported hardware
+    #[tokio::test]
+    #[cfg(any(target_pointer_width = "16", target_pointer_width = "32"))]
+    async fn test_bytes_aligned_length_conversion_overflow() {
+        let len = (usize::MAX - 6) as u64;
+        let mock = Builder::new().read(&len.to_le_bytes()).build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::new(mock);
+        assert_eq!(
+            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            reader.read_value::<usize>().await.unwrap_err().kind()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_buffer_resize() {
+        let mock = Builder::new()
+            .read(&hex!("0100"))
+            .read(&hex!("0000 0000 0000"))
+            .build();
+        let mut reader = NixReader::builder().set_reserved_buf_size(8).build(mock);
+        // buffer has no capacity initially
+        assert_eq!(0, reader.buffer_mut().capacity());
+
+        assert_eq!(2, reader.force_fill().await.unwrap());
+
+        // After first read buffer should have capacity we chose
+        assert_eq!(8, reader.buffer_mut().capacity());
+
+        // Because there was only 6 bytes remaining in buffer,
+        // which is enough to read the last 6 bytes, but we require
+        // capacity for 8 bytes, it doubled the capacity
+        assert_eq!(6, reader.force_fill().await.unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(16, reader.buffer_mut().capacity());
+
+        assert_eq!(1, reader.read_number().await.unwrap());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/mod.rs b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/mod.rs
index a197e3a1f451..c3e88dda05ec 100644
--- a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/mod.rs
+++ b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/mod.rs
@@ -3,3 +3,9 @@
 
 mod bytes;
 pub use bytes::*;
+
+mod protocol_version;
+pub use protocol_version::ProtocolVersion;
+
+pub mod de;
+pub mod ser;
diff --git a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/protocol_version.rs b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/protocol_version.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..19da28d484dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/protocol_version.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/// The latest version that is currently supported by nix-compat.
+static DEFAULT_PROTOCOL_VERSION: ProtocolVersion = ProtocolVersion::from_parts(1, 37);
+
+/// Protocol versions are represented as a u16.
+/// The upper 8 bits are the major version, the lower bits the minor.
+/// This is not aware of any endianness, use [crate::wire::read_u64] to get an
+/// u64 first, and the try_from() impl from here if you're receiving over the
+/// Nix Worker protocol.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ProtocolVersion(u16);
+
+impl ProtocolVersion {
+    pub const fn from_parts(major: u8, minor: u8) -> Self {
+        Self(((major as u16) << 8) | minor as u16)
+    }
+
+    pub fn major(&self) -> u8 {
+        ((self.0 & 0xff00) >> 8) as u8
+    }
+
+    pub fn minor(&self) -> u8 {
+        (self.0 & 0x00ff) as u8
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for ProtocolVersion {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        DEFAULT_PROTOCOL_VERSION
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for ProtocolVersion {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for ProtocolVersion {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+        match self.major().cmp(&other.major()) {
+            std::cmp::Ordering::Less => std::cmp::Ordering::Less,
+            std::cmp::Ordering::Greater => std::cmp::Ordering::Greater,
+            std::cmp::Ordering::Equal => {
+                // same major, compare minor
+                self.minor().cmp(&other.minor())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<u16> for ProtocolVersion {
+    fn from(value: u16) -> Self {
+        Self::from_parts(((value & 0xff00) >> 8) as u8, (value & 0x00ff) as u8)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
+impl From<(u8, u8)> for ProtocolVersion {
+    fn from((major, minor): (u8, u8)) -> Self {
+        Self::from_parts(major, minor)
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<u64> for ProtocolVersion {
+    type Error = &'static str;
+
+    fn try_from(value: u64) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        if value & !0xffff != 0 {
+            return Err("only two least significant bits might be populated");
+        }
+
+        Ok((value as u16).into())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ProtocolVersion> for u16 {
+    fn from(value: ProtocolVersion) -> Self {
+        value.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ProtocolVersion> for u64 {
+    fn from(value: ProtocolVersion) -> Self {
+        value.0 as u64
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for ProtocolVersion {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}.{}", self.major(), self.minor())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::ProtocolVersion;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn from_parts() {
+        let version = ProtocolVersion::from_parts(1, 37);
+        assert_eq!(version.major(), 1, "correct major");
+        assert_eq!(version.minor(), 37, "correct minor");
+        assert_eq!("1.37", &version.to_string(), "to_string");
+
+        assert_eq!(0x0125, Into::<u16>::into(version));
+        assert_eq!(0x0125, Into::<u64>::into(version));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn from_u16() {
+        let version = ProtocolVersion::from(0x0125_u16);
+        assert_eq!("1.37", &version.to_string());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn from_u64() {
+        let version = ProtocolVersion::try_from(0x0125_u64).expect("must succeed");
+        assert_eq!("1.37", &version.to_string());
+    }
+
+    /// This contains data in higher bits, which should fail.
+    #[test]
+    fn from_u64_fail() {
+        ProtocolVersion::try_from(0xaa0125_u64).expect_err("must fail");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ord() {
+        let v0_37 = ProtocolVersion::from_parts(0, 37);
+        let v1_37 = ProtocolVersion::from_parts(1, 37);
+        let v1_40 = ProtocolVersion::from_parts(1, 40);
+
+        assert!(v0_37 < v1_37);
+        assert!(v1_37 > v0_37);
+        assert!(v1_37 < v1_40);
+        assert!(v1_40 > v1_37);
+        assert!(v1_40 <= v1_40);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/bytes.rs b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/bytes.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4338d3f8761e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/bytes.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+use bytes::Bytes;
+
+use super::{NixSerialize, NixWrite};
+
+impl NixSerialize for Bytes {
+    async fn serialize<W>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> Result<(), W::Error>
+    where
+        W: NixWrite,
+    {
+        writer.write_slice(self).await
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> NixSerialize for &'a [u8] {
+    async fn serialize<W>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> Result<(), W::Error>
+    where
+        W: NixWrite,
+    {
+        writer.write_slice(self).await
+    }
+}
+
+impl NixSerialize for String {
+    async fn serialize<W>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> Result<(), W::Error>
+    where
+        W: NixWrite,
+    {
+        writer.write_slice(self.as_bytes()).await
+    }
+}
+
+impl NixSerialize for str {
+    async fn serialize<W>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> Result<(), W::Error>
+    where
+        W: NixWrite,
+    {
+        writer.write_slice(self.as_bytes()).await
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use hex_literal::hex;
+    use rstest::rstest;
+    use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt as _;
+    use tokio_test::io::Builder;
+
+    use crate::wire::ser::{NixWrite, NixWriter};
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::empty("", &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::one(")", &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000 2900 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::two("it", &hex!("0200 0000 0000 0000 6974 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::three("tea", &hex!("0300 0000 0000 0000 7465 6100 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::four("were", &hex!("0400 0000 0000 0000 7765 7265 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::five("where", &hex!("0500 0000 0000 0000 7768 6572 6500 0000"))]
+    #[case::six("unwrap", &hex!("0600 0000 0000 0000 756E 7772 6170 0000"))]
+    #[case::seven("where's", &hex!("0700 0000 0000 0000 7768 6572 6527 7300"))]
+    #[case::aligned("read_tea", &hex!("0800 0000 0000 0000 7265 6164 5F74 6561"))]
+    #[case::more_bytes("read_tess", &hex!("0900 0000 0000 0000 7265 6164 5F74 6573 7300 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::utf8("The quick brown 🦊 jumps over 13 lazy 🐶.", &hex!("2D00 0000 0000 0000  5468 6520 7175 6963  6b20 6272 6f77 6e20  f09f a68a 206a 756d  7073 206f 7665 7220  3133 206c 617a 7920  f09f 90b6 2e00 0000"))]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_write_str(#[case] value: &str, #[case] data: &[u8]) {
+        let mock = Builder::new().write(data).build();
+        let mut writer = NixWriter::new(mock);
+        writer.write_value(value).await.unwrap();
+        writer.flush().await.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::empty("", &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::one(")", &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000 2900 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::two("it", &hex!("0200 0000 0000 0000 6974 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::three("tea", &hex!("0300 0000 0000 0000 7465 6100 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::four("were", &hex!("0400 0000 0000 0000 7765 7265 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::five("where", &hex!("0500 0000 0000 0000 7768 6572 6500 0000"))]
+    #[case::six("unwrap", &hex!("0600 0000 0000 0000 756E 7772 6170 0000"))]
+    #[case::seven("where's", &hex!("0700 0000 0000 0000 7768 6572 6527 7300"))]
+    #[case::aligned("read_tea", &hex!("0800 0000 0000 0000 7265 6164 5F74 6561"))]
+    #[case::more_bytes("read_tess", &hex!("0900 0000 0000 0000 7265 6164 5F74 6573 7300 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::utf8("The quick brown 🦊 jumps over 13 lazy 🐶.", &hex!("2D00 0000 0000 0000  5468 6520 7175 6963  6b20 6272 6f77 6e20  f09f a68a 206a 756d  7073 206f 7665 7220  3133 206c 617a 7920  f09f 90b6 2e00 0000"))]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_write_string(#[case] value: &str, #[case] data: &[u8]) {
+        let mock = Builder::new().write(data).build();
+        let mut writer = NixWriter::new(mock);
+        writer.write_value(&value.to_string()).await.unwrap();
+        writer.flush().await.unwrap();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/collections.rs b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/collections.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..478e1d04d809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/collections.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::future::Future;
+
+use super::{NixSerialize, NixWrite};
+
+impl<T> NixSerialize for Vec<T>
+where
+    T: NixSerialize + Send + Sync,
+{
+    #[allow(clippy::manual_async_fn)]
+    fn serialize<W>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> impl Future<Output = Result<(), W::Error>> + Send
+    where
+        W: NixWrite,
+    {
+        async move {
+            writer.write_value(&self.len()).await?;
+            for value in self.iter() {
+                writer.write_value(value).await?;
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K, V> NixSerialize for BTreeMap<K, V>
+where
+    K: NixSerialize + Ord + Send + Sync,
+    V: NixSerialize + Send + Sync,
+{
+    #[allow(clippy::manual_async_fn)]
+    fn serialize<W>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> impl Future<Output = Result<(), W::Error>> + Send
+    where
+        W: NixWrite,
+    {
+        async move {
+            writer.write_value(&self.len()).await?;
+            for (key, value) in self.iter() {
+                writer.write_value(key).await?;
+                writer.write_value(value).await?;
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+    use std::fmt;
+
+    use hex_literal::hex;
+    use rstest::rstest;
+    use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt as _;
+    use tokio_test::io::Builder;
+
+    use crate::wire::ser::{NixSerialize, NixWrite, NixWriter};
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::empty(vec![], &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::one(vec![0x29], &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000 2900 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::two(vec![0x7469, 10], &hex!("0200 0000 0000 0000 6974 0000 0000 0000 0A00 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_write_small_vec(#[case] value: Vec<usize>, #[case] data: &[u8]) {
+        let mock = Builder::new().write(data).build();
+        let mut writer = NixWriter::new(mock);
+        writer.write_value(&value).await.unwrap();
+        writer.flush().await.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    fn empty_map() -> BTreeMap<usize, u64> {
+        BTreeMap::new()
+    }
+    macro_rules! map {
+        ($($key:expr => $value:expr),*) => {{
+            let mut ret = BTreeMap::new();
+            $(ret.insert($key, $value);)*
+            ret
+        }};
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::empty(empty_map(), &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::one(map![0x7469usize => 10u64], &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000 6974 0000 0000 0000 0A00 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_write_small_btree_map<E>(#[case] value: E, #[case] data: &[u8])
+    where
+        E: NixSerialize + Send + PartialEq + fmt::Debug,
+    {
+        let mock = Builder::new().write(data).build();
+        let mut writer = NixWriter::new(mock);
+        writer.write_value(&value).await.unwrap();
+        writer.flush().await.unwrap();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/display.rs b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/display.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a3438d50d8ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/display.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+use nix_compat_derive::nix_serialize_remote;
+
+use crate::nixhash;
+
+nix_serialize_remote!(
+    #[nix(display)]
+    nixhash::HashAlgo
+);
diff --git a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/int.rs b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/int.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e68179c71dc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/int.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "nix-compat-derive")]
+use nix_compat_derive::nix_serialize_remote;
+
+use super::{Error, NixSerialize, NixWrite};
+
+impl NixSerialize for u64 {
+    async fn serialize<W>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> Result<(), W::Error>
+    where
+        W: NixWrite,
+    {
+        writer.write_number(*self).await
+    }
+}
+
+impl NixSerialize for usize {
+    async fn serialize<W>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> Result<(), W::Error>
+    where
+        W: NixWrite,
+    {
+        let v = (*self).try_into().map_err(W::Error::unsupported_data)?;
+        writer.write_number(v).await
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "nix-compat-derive")]
+nix_serialize_remote!(
+    #[nix(into = "u64")]
+    u8
+);
+#[cfg(feature = "nix-compat-derive")]
+nix_serialize_remote!(
+    #[nix(into = "u64")]
+    u16
+);
+#[cfg(feature = "nix-compat-derive")]
+nix_serialize_remote!(
+    #[nix(into = "u64")]
+    u32
+);
+
+impl NixSerialize for bool {
+    async fn serialize<W>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> Result<(), W::Error>
+    where
+        W: NixWrite,
+    {
+        if *self {
+            writer.write_number(1).await
+        } else {
+            writer.write_number(0).await
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl NixSerialize for i64 {
+    async fn serialize<W>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> Result<(), W::Error>
+    where
+        W: NixWrite,
+    {
+        writer.write_number(*self as u64).await
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use hex_literal::hex;
+    use rstest::rstest;
+    use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt as _;
+    use tokio_test::io::Builder;
+
+    use crate::wire::ser::{NixWrite, NixWriter};
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::simple_false(false, &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::simple_true(true, &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_write_bool(#[case] value: bool, #[case] expected: &[u8]) {
+        let mock = Builder::new().write(expected).build();
+        let mut writer = NixWriter::new(mock);
+        writer.write_value(&value).await.unwrap();
+        writer.flush().await.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::zero(0, &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::one(1, &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::other(0x563412, &hex!("1234 5600 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::max_value(u64::MAX, &hex!("FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF"))]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_write_u64(#[case] value: u64, #[case] expected: &[u8]) {
+        let mock = Builder::new().write(expected).build();
+        let mut writer = NixWriter::new(mock);
+        writer.write_value(&value).await.unwrap();
+        writer.flush().await.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::zero(0, &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::one(1, &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::other(0x563412, &hex!("1234 5600 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::max_value(usize::MAX, &usize::MAX.to_le_bytes())]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_write_usize(#[case] value: usize, #[case] expected: &[u8]) {
+        let mock = Builder::new().write(expected).build();
+        let mut writer = NixWriter::new(mock);
+        writer.write_value(&value).await.unwrap();
+        writer.flush().await.unwrap();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/mock.rs b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/mock.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7104a94238ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/mock.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,672 @@
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::io;
+use std::thread;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+use ::proptest::prelude::TestCaseError;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::wire::ProtocolVersion;
+
+use super::NixWrite;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
+pub enum Error {
+    #[error("custom error '{0}'")]
+    Custom(String),
+    #[error("unsupported data error '{0}'")]
+    UnsupportedData(String),
+    #[error("Invalid enum: {0}")]
+    InvalidEnum(String),
+    #[error("IO error {0} '{1}'")]
+    IO(io::ErrorKind, String),
+    #[error("wrong write: expected {0} got {1}")]
+    WrongWrite(OperationType, OperationType),
+    #[error("unexpected write: got an extra {0}")]
+    ExtraWrite(OperationType),
+    #[error("got an unexpected number {0} in write_number")]
+    UnexpectedNumber(u64),
+    #[error("got an unexpected slice '{0:?}' in write_slice")]
+    UnexpectedSlice(Vec<u8>),
+    #[error("got an unexpected display '{0:?}' in write_slice")]
+    UnexpectedDisplay(String),
+}
+
+impl Error {
+    pub fn unexpected_write_number(expected: OperationType) -> Error {
+        Error::WrongWrite(expected, OperationType::WriteNumber)
+    }
+
+    pub fn extra_write_number() -> Error {
+        Error::ExtraWrite(OperationType::WriteNumber)
+    }
+
+    pub fn unexpected_write_slice(expected: OperationType) -> Error {
+        Error::WrongWrite(expected, OperationType::WriteSlice)
+    }
+
+    pub fn unexpected_write_display(expected: OperationType) -> Error {
+        Error::WrongWrite(expected, OperationType::WriteDisplay)
+    }
+}
+
+impl super::Error for Error {
+    fn custom<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        Self::Custom(msg.to_string())
+    }
+
+    fn io_error(err: std::io::Error) -> Self {
+        Self::IO(err.kind(), err.to_string())
+    }
+
+    fn unsupported_data<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        Self::UnsupportedData(msg.to_string())
+    }
+
+    fn invalid_enum<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        Self::InvalidEnum(msg.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum OperationType {
+    WriteNumber,
+    WriteSlice,
+    WriteDisplay,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for OperationType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::WriteNumber => write!(f, "write_number"),
+            Self::WriteSlice => write!(f, "write_slice"),
+            Self::WriteDisplay => write!(f, "write_display"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum Operation {
+    WriteNumber(u64, Result<(), Error>),
+    WriteSlice(Vec<u8>, Result<(), Error>),
+    WriteDisplay(String, Result<(), Error>),
+}
+
+impl From<Operation> for OperationType {
+    fn from(value: Operation) -> Self {
+        match value {
+            Operation::WriteNumber(_, _) => OperationType::WriteNumber,
+            Operation::WriteSlice(_, _) => OperationType::WriteSlice,
+            Operation::WriteDisplay(_, _) => OperationType::WriteDisplay,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Builder {
+    version: ProtocolVersion,
+    ops: VecDeque<Operation>,
+}
+
+impl Builder {
+    pub fn new() -> Builder {
+        Builder {
+            version: Default::default(),
+            ops: VecDeque::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn version<V: Into<ProtocolVersion>>(&mut self, version: V) -> &mut Self {
+        self.version = version.into();
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_number(&mut self, value: u64) -> &mut Self {
+        self.ops.push_back(Operation::WriteNumber(value, Ok(())));
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_number_error(&mut self, value: u64, err: Error) -> &mut Self {
+        self.ops.push_back(Operation::WriteNumber(value, Err(err)));
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_slice(&mut self, value: &[u8]) -> &mut Self {
+        self.ops
+            .push_back(Operation::WriteSlice(value.to_vec(), Ok(())));
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_slice_error(&mut self, value: &[u8], err: Error) -> &mut Self {
+        self.ops
+            .push_back(Operation::WriteSlice(value.to_vec(), Err(err)));
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_display<D>(&mut self, value: D) -> &mut Self
+    where
+        D: fmt::Display,
+    {
+        let msg = value.to_string();
+        self.ops.push_back(Operation::WriteDisplay(msg, Ok(())));
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_display_error<D>(&mut self, value: D, err: Error) -> &mut Self
+    where
+        D: fmt::Display,
+    {
+        let msg = value.to_string();
+        self.ops.push_back(Operation::WriteDisplay(msg, Err(err)));
+        self
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    fn write_operation_type(&mut self, op: OperationType) -> &mut Self {
+        match op {
+            OperationType::WriteNumber => self.write_number(10),
+            OperationType::WriteSlice => self.write_slice(b"testing"),
+            OperationType::WriteDisplay => self.write_display("testing"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    fn write_operation(&mut self, op: &Operation) -> &mut Self {
+        match op {
+            Operation::WriteNumber(value, Ok(_)) => self.write_number(*value),
+            Operation::WriteNumber(value, Err(Error::UnexpectedNumber(_))) => {
+                self.write_number(*value)
+            }
+            Operation::WriteNumber(_, Err(Error::ExtraWrite(OperationType::WriteNumber))) => self,
+            Operation::WriteNumber(_, Err(Error::WrongWrite(op, OperationType::WriteNumber))) => {
+                self.write_operation_type(*op)
+            }
+            Operation::WriteNumber(value, Err(Error::Custom(msg))) => {
+                self.write_number_error(*value, Error::Custom(msg.clone()))
+            }
+            Operation::WriteNumber(value, Err(Error::IO(kind, msg))) => {
+                self.write_number_error(*value, Error::IO(*kind, msg.clone()))
+            }
+            Operation::WriteSlice(value, Ok(_)) => self.write_slice(value),
+            Operation::WriteSlice(value, Err(Error::UnexpectedSlice(_))) => self.write_slice(value),
+            Operation::WriteSlice(_, Err(Error::ExtraWrite(OperationType::WriteSlice))) => self,
+            Operation::WriteSlice(_, Err(Error::WrongWrite(op, OperationType::WriteSlice))) => {
+                self.write_operation_type(*op)
+            }
+            Operation::WriteSlice(value, Err(Error::Custom(msg))) => {
+                self.write_slice_error(value, Error::Custom(msg.clone()))
+            }
+            Operation::WriteSlice(value, Err(Error::IO(kind, msg))) => {
+                self.write_slice_error(value, Error::IO(*kind, msg.clone()))
+            }
+            Operation::WriteDisplay(value, Ok(_)) => self.write_display(value),
+            Operation::WriteDisplay(value, Err(Error::Custom(msg))) => {
+                self.write_display_error(value, Error::Custom(msg.clone()))
+            }
+            Operation::WriteDisplay(value, Err(Error::IO(kind, msg))) => {
+                self.write_display_error(value, Error::IO(*kind, msg.clone()))
+            }
+            Operation::WriteDisplay(value, Err(Error::UnexpectedDisplay(_))) => {
+                self.write_display(value)
+            }
+            Operation::WriteDisplay(_, Err(Error::ExtraWrite(OperationType::WriteDisplay))) => self,
+            Operation::WriteDisplay(_, Err(Error::WrongWrite(op, OperationType::WriteDisplay))) => {
+                self.write_operation_type(*op)
+            }
+            s => panic!("Invalid operation {:?}", s),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn build(&mut self) -> Mock {
+        Mock {
+            version: self.version,
+            ops: self.ops.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Builder {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Mock {
+    version: ProtocolVersion,
+    ops: VecDeque<Operation>,
+}
+
+impl Mock {
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    async fn assert_operation(&mut self, op: Operation) {
+        match op {
+            Operation::WriteNumber(_, Err(Error::UnexpectedNumber(value))) => {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    self.write_number(value).await,
+                    Err(Error::UnexpectedNumber(value))
+                );
+            }
+            Operation::WriteNumber(value, res) => {
+                assert_eq!(self.write_number(value).await, res);
+            }
+            Operation::WriteSlice(_, ref res @ Err(Error::UnexpectedSlice(ref value))) => {
+                assert_eq!(self.write_slice(value).await, res.clone());
+            }
+            Operation::WriteSlice(value, res) => {
+                assert_eq!(self.write_slice(&value).await, res);
+            }
+            Operation::WriteDisplay(_, ref res @ Err(Error::UnexpectedDisplay(ref value))) => {
+                assert_eq!(self.write_display(value).await, res.clone());
+            }
+            Operation::WriteDisplay(value, res) => {
+                assert_eq!(self.write_display(value).await, res);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    async fn prop_assert_operation(&mut self, op: Operation) -> Result<(), TestCaseError> {
+        use ::proptest::prop_assert_eq;
+
+        match op {
+            Operation::WriteNumber(_, Err(Error::UnexpectedNumber(value))) => {
+                prop_assert_eq!(
+                    self.write_number(value).await,
+                    Err(Error::UnexpectedNumber(value))
+                );
+            }
+            Operation::WriteNumber(value, res) => {
+                prop_assert_eq!(self.write_number(value).await, res);
+            }
+            Operation::WriteSlice(_, ref res @ Err(Error::UnexpectedSlice(ref value))) => {
+                prop_assert_eq!(self.write_slice(value).await, res.clone());
+            }
+            Operation::WriteSlice(value, res) => {
+                prop_assert_eq!(self.write_slice(&value).await, res);
+            }
+            Operation::WriteDisplay(_, ref res @ Err(Error::UnexpectedDisplay(ref value))) => {
+                prop_assert_eq!(self.write_display(&value).await, res.clone());
+            }
+            Operation::WriteDisplay(value, res) => {
+                prop_assert_eq!(self.write_display(&value).await, res);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl NixWrite for Mock {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn version(&self) -> ProtocolVersion {
+        self.version
+    }
+
+    async fn write_number(&mut self, value: u64) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        match self.ops.pop_front() {
+            Some(Operation::WriteNumber(expected, ret)) => {
+                if value != expected {
+                    return Err(Error::UnexpectedNumber(value));
+                }
+                ret
+            }
+            Some(op) => Err(Error::unexpected_write_number(op.into())),
+            _ => Err(Error::ExtraWrite(OperationType::WriteNumber)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn write_slice(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        match self.ops.pop_front() {
+            Some(Operation::WriteSlice(expected, ret)) => {
+                if buf != expected {
+                    return Err(Error::UnexpectedSlice(buf.to_vec()));
+                }
+                ret
+            }
+            Some(op) => Err(Error::unexpected_write_slice(op.into())),
+            _ => Err(Error::ExtraWrite(OperationType::WriteSlice)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn write_display<D>(&mut self, msg: D) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
+    where
+        D: fmt::Display + Send,
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        let value = msg.to_string();
+        match self.ops.pop_front() {
+            Some(Operation::WriteDisplay(expected, ret)) => {
+                if value != expected {
+                    return Err(Error::UnexpectedDisplay(value));
+                }
+                ret
+            }
+            Some(op) => Err(Error::unexpected_write_display(op.into())),
+            _ => Err(Error::ExtraWrite(OperationType::WriteDisplay)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Mock {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // No need to panic again
+        if thread::panicking() {
+            return;
+        }
+        if let Some(op) = self.ops.front() {
+            panic!("reader dropped with {op:?} operation still unread")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod proptest {
+    use std::io;
+
+    use proptest::{
+        prelude::{any, Arbitrary, BoxedStrategy, Just, Strategy},
+        prop_oneof,
+    };
+
+    use super::{Error, Operation, OperationType};
+
+    pub fn arb_write_number_operation() -> impl Strategy<Value = Operation> {
+        (
+            any::<u64>(),
+            prop_oneof![
+                Just(Ok(())),
+                any::<u64>().prop_map(|v| Err(Error::UnexpectedNumber(v))),
+                Just(Err(Error::WrongWrite(
+                    OperationType::WriteSlice,
+                    OperationType::WriteNumber
+                ))),
+                Just(Err(Error::WrongWrite(
+                    OperationType::WriteDisplay,
+                    OperationType::WriteNumber
+                ))),
+                any::<String>().prop_map(|s| Err(Error::Custom(s))),
+                (any::<io::ErrorKind>(), any::<String>())
+                    .prop_map(|(kind, msg)| Err(Error::IO(kind, msg))),
+            ],
+        )
+            .prop_filter("same number", |(v, res)| match res {
+                Err(Error::UnexpectedNumber(exp_v)) => v != exp_v,
+                _ => true,
+            })
+            .prop_map(|(v, res)| Operation::WriteNumber(v, res))
+    }
+
+    pub fn arb_write_slice_operation() -> impl Strategy<Value = Operation> {
+        (
+            any::<Vec<u8>>(),
+            prop_oneof![
+                Just(Ok(())),
+                any::<Vec<u8>>().prop_map(|v| Err(Error::UnexpectedSlice(v))),
+                Just(Err(Error::WrongWrite(
+                    OperationType::WriteNumber,
+                    OperationType::WriteSlice
+                ))),
+                Just(Err(Error::WrongWrite(
+                    OperationType::WriteDisplay,
+                    OperationType::WriteSlice
+                ))),
+                any::<String>().prop_map(|s| Err(Error::Custom(s))),
+                (any::<io::ErrorKind>(), any::<String>())
+                    .prop_map(|(kind, msg)| Err(Error::IO(kind, msg))),
+            ],
+        )
+            .prop_filter("same slice", |(v, res)| match res {
+                Err(Error::UnexpectedSlice(exp_v)) => v != exp_v,
+                _ => true,
+            })
+            .prop_map(|(v, res)| Operation::WriteSlice(v, res))
+    }
+
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn arb_extra_write() -> impl Strategy<Value = Operation> {
+        prop_oneof![
+            any::<u64>().prop_map(|msg| {
+                Operation::WriteNumber(msg, Err(Error::ExtraWrite(OperationType::WriteNumber)))
+            }),
+            any::<Vec<u8>>().prop_map(|msg| {
+                Operation::WriteSlice(msg, Err(Error::ExtraWrite(OperationType::WriteSlice)))
+            }),
+            any::<String>().prop_map(|msg| {
+                Operation::WriteDisplay(msg, Err(Error::ExtraWrite(OperationType::WriteDisplay)))
+            }),
+        ]
+    }
+
+    pub fn arb_write_display_operation() -> impl Strategy<Value = Operation> {
+        (
+            any::<String>(),
+            prop_oneof![
+                Just(Ok(())),
+                any::<String>().prop_map(|v| Err(Error::UnexpectedDisplay(v))),
+                Just(Err(Error::WrongWrite(
+                    OperationType::WriteNumber,
+                    OperationType::WriteDisplay
+                ))),
+                Just(Err(Error::WrongWrite(
+                    OperationType::WriteSlice,
+                    OperationType::WriteDisplay
+                ))),
+                any::<String>().prop_map(|s| Err(Error::Custom(s))),
+                (any::<io::ErrorKind>(), any::<String>())
+                    .prop_map(|(kind, msg)| Err(Error::IO(kind, msg))),
+            ],
+        )
+            .prop_filter("same string", |(v, res)| match res {
+                Err(Error::UnexpectedDisplay(exp_v)) => v != exp_v,
+                _ => true,
+            })
+            .prop_map(|(v, res)| Operation::WriteDisplay(v, res))
+    }
+
+    pub fn arb_operation() -> impl Strategy<Value = Operation> {
+        prop_oneof![
+            arb_write_number_operation(),
+            arb_write_slice_operation(),
+            arb_write_display_operation(),
+        ]
+    }
+
+    impl Arbitrary for Operation {
+        type Parameters = ();
+        type Strategy = BoxedStrategy<Operation>;
+
+        fn arbitrary_with(_args: Self::Parameters) -> Self::Strategy {
+            arb_operation().boxed()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use hex_literal::hex;
+    use proptest::prelude::any;
+    use proptest::prelude::TestCaseError;
+    use proptest::proptest;
+
+    use crate::wire::ser::mock::proptest::arb_extra_write;
+    use crate::wire::ser::mock::Operation;
+    use crate::wire::ser::mock::OperationType;
+    use crate::wire::ser::Error as _;
+    use crate::wire::ser::NixWrite;
+
+    use super::{Builder, Error};
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn write_number() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new().write_number(10).build();
+        mock.write_number(10).await.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn write_number_error() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new()
+            .write_number_error(10, Error::custom("bad number"))
+            .build();
+        assert_eq!(
+            Err(Error::custom("bad number")),
+            mock.write_number(10).await
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn write_number_unexpected() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new().write_slice(b"").build();
+        assert_eq!(
+            Err(Error::unexpected_write_number(OperationType::WriteSlice)),
+            mock.write_number(11).await
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn write_number_unexpected_number() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new().write_number(10).build();
+        assert_eq!(
+            Err(Error::UnexpectedNumber(11)),
+            mock.write_number(11).await
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn extra_write_number() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new().build();
+        assert_eq!(
+            Err(Error::ExtraWrite(OperationType::WriteNumber)),
+            mock.write_number(11).await
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn write_slice() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new()
+            .write_slice(&[])
+            .write_slice(&hex!("0000 1234 5678 9ABC DEFF"))
+            .build();
+        mock.write_slice(&[]).await.expect("write_slice empty");
+        mock.write_slice(&hex!("0000 1234 5678 9ABC DEFF"))
+            .await
+            .expect("write_slice");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn write_slice_error() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new()
+            .write_slice_error(&[], Error::custom("bad slice"))
+            .build();
+        assert_eq!(Err(Error::custom("bad slice")), mock.write_slice(&[]).await);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn write_slice_unexpected() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new().write_number(10).build();
+        assert_eq!(
+            Err(Error::unexpected_write_slice(OperationType::WriteNumber)),
+            mock.write_slice(b"").await
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn write_slice_unexpected_slice() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new().write_slice(b"").build();
+        assert_eq!(
+            Err(Error::UnexpectedSlice(b"bad slice".to_vec())),
+            mock.write_slice(b"bad slice").await
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn extra_write_slice() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new().build();
+        assert_eq!(
+            Err(Error::ExtraWrite(OperationType::WriteSlice)),
+            mock.write_slice(b"extra slice").await
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn write_display() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new().write_display("testing").build();
+        mock.write_display("testing").await.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn write_display_error() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new()
+            .write_display_error("testing", Error::custom("bad number"))
+            .build();
+        assert_eq!(
+            Err(Error::custom("bad number")),
+            mock.write_display("testing").await
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn write_display_unexpected() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new().write_number(10).build();
+        assert_eq!(
+            Err(Error::unexpected_write_display(OperationType::WriteNumber)),
+            mock.write_display("").await
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn write_display_unexpected_display() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new().write_display("").build();
+        assert_eq!(
+            Err(Error::UnexpectedDisplay("bad display".to_string())),
+            mock.write_display("bad display").await
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn extra_write_display() {
+        let mut mock = Builder::new().build();
+        assert_eq!(
+            Err(Error::ExtraWrite(OperationType::WriteDisplay)),
+            mock.write_display("extra slice").await
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic]
+    fn operations_left() {
+        let _ = Builder::new().write_number(10).build();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn proptest_mock() {
+        let rt = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
+            .enable_all()
+            .build()
+            .unwrap();
+        proptest!(|(
+            operations in any::<Vec<Operation>>(),
+            extra_operations in proptest::collection::vec(arb_extra_write(), 0..3)
+            )| {
+            rt.block_on(async {
+                let mut builder = Builder::new();
+                for op in operations.iter() {
+                    builder.write_operation(op);
+                }
+                for op in extra_operations.iter() {
+                    builder.write_operation(op);
+                }
+                let mut mock = builder.build();
+                for op in operations {
+                    mock.prop_assert_operation(op).await?;
+                }
+                for op in extra_operations {
+                    mock.prop_assert_operation(op).await?;
+                }
+                Ok(()) as Result<(), TestCaseError>
+            })?;
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/mod.rs b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5860226f39eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+use std::error::Error as StdError;
+use std::future::Future;
+use std::{fmt, io};
+
+use super::ProtocolVersion;
+
+mod bytes;
+mod collections;
+#[cfg(feature = "nix-compat-derive")]
+mod display;
+mod int;
+#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test"))]
+pub mod mock;
+mod writer;
+
+pub use writer::{NixWriter, NixWriterBuilder};
+
+pub trait Error: Sized + StdError {
+    fn custom<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self;
+
+    fn io_error(err: std::io::Error) -> Self {
+        Self::custom(format_args!("There was an I/O error {}", err))
+    }
+
+    fn unsupported_data<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        Self::custom(msg)
+    }
+
+    fn invalid_enum<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        Self::custom(msg)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Error for io::Error {
+    fn custom<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, msg.to_string())
+    }
+
+    fn io_error(err: std::io::Error) -> Self {
+        err
+    }
+
+    fn unsupported_data<T: fmt::Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, msg.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait NixWrite: Send {
+    type Error: Error;
+
+    /// Some types are serialized differently depending on the version
+    /// of the protocol and so this can be used for implementing that.
+    fn version(&self) -> ProtocolVersion;
+
+    /// Write a single u64 to the protocol.
+    fn write_number(&mut self, value: u64) -> impl Future<Output = Result<(), Self::Error>> + Send;
+
+    /// Write a slice of bytes to the protocol.
+    fn write_slice(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> impl Future<Output = Result<(), Self::Error>> + Send;
+
+    /// Write a value that implements `std::fmt::Display` to the protocol.
+    /// The protocol uses many small string formats and instead of allocating
+    /// a `String` each time we want to write one an implementation of `NixWrite`
+    /// can instead use `Display` to dump these formats to a reusable buffer.
+    fn write_display<D>(&mut self, msg: D) -> impl Future<Output = Result<(), Self::Error>> + Send
+    where
+        D: fmt::Display + Send,
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        async move {
+            let s = msg.to_string();
+            self.write_slice(s.as_bytes()).await
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Write a value to the protocol.
+    /// Uses `NixSerialize::serialize` to write the value.
+    fn write_value<V>(&mut self, value: &V) -> impl Future<Output = Result<(), Self::Error>> + Send
+    where
+        V: NixSerialize + Send + ?Sized,
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        value.serialize(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: NixWrite> NixWrite for &mut T {
+    type Error = T::Error;
+
+    fn version(&self) -> ProtocolVersion {
+        (**self).version()
+    }
+
+    fn write_number(&mut self, value: u64) -> impl Future<Output = Result<(), Self::Error>> + Send {
+        (**self).write_number(value)
+    }
+
+    fn write_slice(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> impl Future<Output = Result<(), Self::Error>> + Send {
+        (**self).write_slice(buf)
+    }
+
+    fn write_display<D>(&mut self, msg: D) -> impl Future<Output = Result<(), Self::Error>> + Send
+    where
+        D: fmt::Display + Send,
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        (**self).write_display(msg)
+    }
+
+    fn write_value<V>(&mut self, value: &V) -> impl Future<Output = Result<(), Self::Error>> + Send
+    where
+        V: NixSerialize + Send + ?Sized,
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        (**self).write_value(value)
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait NixSerialize {
+    /// Write a value to the writer.
+    fn serialize<W>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> impl Future<Output = Result<(), W::Error>> + Send
+    where
+        W: NixWrite;
+}
diff --git a/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/writer.rs b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/writer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..da1c2b18c5e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tvix/nix-compat/src/wire/ser/writer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+use std::fmt::{self, Write as _};
+use std::future::poll_fn;
+use std::io::{self, Cursor};
+use std::pin::Pin;
+use std::task::{ready, Context, Poll};
+
+use bytes::{Buf, BufMut, BytesMut};
+use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
+use tokio::io::{AsyncWrite, AsyncWriteExt};
+
+use crate::wire::{padding_len, ProtocolVersion, EMPTY_BYTES};
+
+use super::{Error, NixWrite};
+
+pub struct NixWriterBuilder {
+    buf: Option<BytesMut>,
+    reserved_buf_size: usize,
+    max_buf_size: usize,
+    version: ProtocolVersion,
+}
+
+impl Default for NixWriterBuilder {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            buf: Default::default(),
+            reserved_buf_size: 8192,
+            max_buf_size: 8192,
+            version: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl NixWriterBuilder {
+    pub fn set_buffer(mut self, buf: BytesMut) -> Self {
+        self.buf = Some(buf);
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_reserved_buf_size(mut self, size: usize) -> Self {
+        self.reserved_buf_size = size;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_max_buf_size(mut self, size: usize) -> Self {
+        self.max_buf_size = size;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_version(mut self, version: ProtocolVersion) -> Self {
+        self.version = version;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn build<W>(self, writer: W) -> NixWriter<W> {
+        let buf = self
+            .buf
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| BytesMut::with_capacity(self.max_buf_size));
+        NixWriter {
+            buf,
+            inner: writer,
+            reserved_buf_size: self.reserved_buf_size,
+            max_buf_size: self.max_buf_size,
+            version: self.version,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pin_project! {
+    pub struct NixWriter<W> {
+        #[pin]
+        inner: W,
+        buf: BytesMut,
+        reserved_buf_size: usize,
+        max_buf_size: usize,
+        version: ProtocolVersion,
+    }
+}
+
+impl NixWriter<Cursor<Vec<u8>>> {
+    pub fn builder() -> NixWriterBuilder {
+        NixWriterBuilder::default()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W> NixWriter<W>
+where
+    W: AsyncWriteExt,
+{
+    pub fn new(writer: W) -> NixWriter<W> {
+        NixWriter::builder().build(writer)
+    }
+
+    pub fn buffer(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        &self.buf[..]
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_version(&mut self, version: ProtocolVersion) {
+        self.version = version;
+    }
+
+    /// Remaining capacity in internal buffer
+    pub fn remaining_mut(&self) -> usize {
+        self.buf.capacity() - self.buf.len()
+    }
+
+    fn poll_flush_buf(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), io::Error>> {
+        let mut this = self.project();
+        while !this.buf.is_empty() {
+            let n = ready!(this.inner.as_mut().poll_write(cx, &this.buf[..]))?;
+            if n == 0 {
+                return Poll::Ready(Err(io::Error::new(
+                    io::ErrorKind::WriteZero,
+                    "failed to write the buffer",
+                )));
+            }
+            this.buf.advance(n);
+        }
+        Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W> NixWriter<W>
+where
+    W: AsyncWriteExt + Unpin,
+{
+    async fn flush_buf(&mut self) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
+        let mut s = Pin::new(self);
+        poll_fn(move |cx| s.as_mut().poll_flush_buf(cx)).await
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W> AsyncWrite for NixWriter<W>
+where
+    W: AsyncWrite,
+{
+    fn poll_write(
+        mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+        cx: &mut Context<'_>,
+        buf: &[u8],
+    ) -> Poll<Result<usize, io::Error>> {
+        // Flush
+        if self.remaining_mut() < buf.len() {
+            ready!(self.as_mut().poll_flush_buf(cx))?;
+        }
+        let this = self.project();
+        if buf.len() > this.buf.capacity() {
+            this.inner.poll_write(cx, buf)
+        } else {
+            this.buf.put_slice(buf);
+            Poll::Ready(Ok(buf.len()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn poll_flush(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), io::Error>> {
+        ready!(self.as_mut().poll_flush_buf(cx))?;
+        self.project().inner.poll_flush(cx)
+    }
+
+    fn poll_shutdown(
+        mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+        cx: &mut Context<'_>,
+    ) -> Poll<Result<(), io::Error>> {
+        ready!(self.as_mut().poll_flush_buf(cx))?;
+        self.project().inner.poll_shutdown(cx)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W> NixWrite for NixWriter<W>
+where
+    W: AsyncWrite + Send + Unpin,
+{
+    type Error = io::Error;
+
+    fn version(&self) -> ProtocolVersion {
+        self.version
+    }
+
+    async fn write_number(&mut self, value: u64) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        let mut buf = [0u8; 8];
+        BufMut::put_u64_le(&mut &mut buf[..], value);
+        self.write_all(&buf).await
+    }
+
+    async fn write_slice(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        let padding = padding_len(buf.len() as u64) as usize;
+        self.write_value(&buf.len()).await?;
+        self.write_all(buf).await?;
+        if padding > 0 {
+            self.write_all(&EMPTY_BYTES[..padding]).await
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn write_display<D>(&mut self, msg: D) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
+    where
+        D: fmt::Display + Send,
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        // Ensure that buffer has space for at least reserved_buf_size bytes
+        if self.remaining_mut() < self.reserved_buf_size && !self.buf.is_empty() {
+            self.flush_buf().await?;
+        }
+        let offset = self.buf.len();
+        self.buf.put_u64_le(0);
+        if let Err(err) = write!(self.buf, "{}", msg) {
+            self.buf.truncate(offset);
+            return Err(Self::Error::unsupported_data(err));
+        }
+        let len = self.buf.len() - offset - 8;
+        BufMut::put_u64_le(&mut &mut self.buf[offset..(offset + 8)], len as u64);
+        let padding = padding_len(len as u64) as usize;
+        self.write_all(&EMPTY_BYTES[..padding]).await
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use std::time::Duration;
+
+    use hex_literal::hex;
+    use rstest::rstest;
+    use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt as _;
+    use tokio_test::io::Builder;
+
+    use crate::wire::ser::NixWrite;
+
+    use super::NixWriter;
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case(1, &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::evil(666, &hex!("9A02 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::max(u64::MAX, &hex!("FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF"))]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_write_number(#[case] number: u64, #[case] buf: &[u8]) {
+        let mock = Builder::new().write(buf).build();
+        let mut writer = NixWriter::new(mock);
+
+        writer.write_number(number).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(writer.buffer(), buf);
+        writer.flush().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(writer.buffer(), b"");
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::empty(b"", &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::one(b")", &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000 2900 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::two(b"it", &hex!("0200 0000 0000 0000 6974 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::three(b"tea", &hex!("0300 0000 0000 0000 7465 6100 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::four(b"were", &hex!("0400 0000 0000 0000 7765 7265 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::five(b"where", &hex!("0500 0000 0000 0000 7768 6572 6500 0000"))]
+    #[case::six(b"unwrap", &hex!("0600 0000 0000 0000 756E 7772 6170 0000"))]
+    #[case::seven(b"where's", &hex!("0700 0000 0000 0000 7768 6572 6527 7300"))]
+    #[case::aligned(b"read_tea", &hex!("0800 0000 0000 0000 7265 6164 5F74 6561"))]
+    #[case::more_bytes(b"read_tess", &hex!("0900 0000 0000 0000 7265 6164 5F74 6573 7300 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_write_slice(
+        #[case] value: &[u8],
+        #[case] buf: &[u8],
+        #[values(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1024)] chunks_size: usize,
+        #[values(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1024)] buf_size: usize,
+    ) {
+        let mut builder = Builder::new();
+        for chunk in buf.chunks(chunks_size) {
+            builder.write(chunk);
+            builder.wait(Duration::ZERO);
+        }
+        let mock = builder.build();
+        let mut writer = NixWriter::builder().set_max_buf_size(buf_size).build(mock);
+
+        writer.write_slice(value).await.unwrap();
+        writer.flush().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(writer.buffer(), b"");
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case::empty("", &hex!("0000 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::one(")", &hex!("0100 0000 0000 0000 2900 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::two("it", &hex!("0200 0000 0000 0000 6974 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::three("tea", &hex!("0300 0000 0000 0000 7465 6100 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::four("were", &hex!("0400 0000 0000 0000 7765 7265 0000 0000"))]
+    #[case::five("where", &hex!("0500 0000 0000 0000 7768 6572 6500 0000"))]
+    #[case::six("unwrap", &hex!("0600 0000 0000 0000 756E 7772 6170 0000"))]
+    #[case::seven("where's", &hex!("0700 0000 0000 0000 7768 6572 6527 7300"))]
+    #[case::aligned("read_tea", &hex!("0800 0000 0000 0000 7265 6164 5F74 6561"))]
+    #[case::more_bytes("read_tess", &hex!("0900 0000 0000 0000 7265 6164 5F74 6573 7300 0000 0000 0000"))]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_write_display(
+        #[case] value: &str,
+        #[case] buf: &[u8],
+        #[values(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1024)] chunks_size: usize,
+    ) {
+        let mut builder = Builder::new();
+        for chunk in buf.chunks(chunks_size) {
+            builder.write(chunk);
+            builder.wait(Duration::ZERO);
+        }
+        let mock = builder.build();
+        let mut writer = NixWriter::builder().build(mock);
+
+        writer.write_display(value).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(writer.buffer(), buf);
+        writer.flush().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(writer.buffer(), b"");
+    }
+}