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-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/directory_graph.rs27
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/grpc.rs5
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/order_validator.rs10
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/tests/mod.rs11
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/traverse.rs33
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/utils.rs11
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/errors.rs46
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/fixtures.rs97
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/fs/fuse/tests.rs98
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/fs/inodes.rs25
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/fs/mod.rs54
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/fs/root_nodes.rs13
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/import/mod.rs54
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/lib.rs2
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/nodes/directory.rs216
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/nodes/directory_node.rs37
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/nodes/file_node.rs44
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/nodes/mod.rs53
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/nodes/symlink_node.rs35
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/path.rs8
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/proto/grpc_directoryservice_wrapper.rs4
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/proto/mod.rs251
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/proto/tests/directory.rs30
-rw-r--r--tvix/castore/src/tests/import.rs39
24 files changed, 504 insertions, 699 deletions
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/directory_graph.rs b/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/directory_graph.rs
index 0cf2f71adb06..ffb25de9a854 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/directory_graph.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/directory_graph.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use petgraph::{
 use tracing::instrument;
 
 use super::order_validator::{LeavesToRootValidator, OrderValidator, RootToLeavesValidator};
-use crate::{B3Digest, Directory, DirectoryNode, NamedNode};
+use crate::{B3Digest, Directory, DirectoryNode};
 
 #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
 pub enum Error {
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ pub struct ValidatedDirectoryGraph {
     root: Option<NodeIndex>,
 }
 
-fn check_edge(dir: &DirectoryNode, child: &Directory) -> Result<(), Error> {
+fn check_edge(dir: &DirectoryNode, dir_name: &[u8], child: &Directory) -> Result<(), Error> {
     // Ensure the size specified in the child node matches our records.
     if dir.size() != child.size() {
         return Err(Error::ValidationError(format!(
             "'{}' has wrong size, specified {}, recorded {}",
-            dir.get_name().as_bstr(),
+            dir_name.as_bstr(),
             dir.size(),
             child.size(),
         )));
@@ -141,19 +141,19 @@ impl<O: OrderValidator> DirectoryGraph<O> {
         }
 
         // set up edges to all child directories
-        for subdir in directory.directories() {
+        for (subdir_name, subdir_node) in directory.directories() {
             let child_ix = *self
                 .digest_to_node_ix
-                .entry(subdir.digest().clone())
+                .entry(subdir_node.digest().clone())
                 .or_insert_with(|| self.graph.add_node(None));
 
             let pending_edge_check = match &self.graph[child_ix] {
                 Some(child) => {
                     // child is already available, validate the edge now
-                    check_edge(subdir, child)?;
+                    check_edge(subdir_node, subdir_name, child)?;
                     None
                 }
-                None => Some(subdir.clone()), // pending validation
+                None => Some(subdir_node.clone()), // pending validation
             };
             self.graph.add_edge(ix, child_ix, pending_edge_check);
         }
@@ -173,7 +173,9 @@ impl<O: OrderValidator> DirectoryGraph<O> {
                 .expect("edge not found")
                 .take()
                 .expect("edge is already validated");
-            check_edge(&edge_weight, &directory)?;
+
+            // TODO: where's the name here?
+            check_edge(&edge_weight, b"??", &directory)?;
         }
 
         // finally, store the directory information in the node weight
@@ -277,11 +279,12 @@ mod tests {
     lazy_static! {
         pub static ref BROKEN_PARENT_DIRECTORY: Directory = {
             let mut dir = Directory::new();
-            dir.add(Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
+            dir.add(
                 "foo".into(),
-                DIRECTORY_A.digest(),
-                DIRECTORY_A.size() + 42, // wrong!
-            ).unwrap())).unwrap();
+                Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
+                    DIRECTORY_A.digest(),
+                    DIRECTORY_A.size() + 42, // wrong!
+                ))).unwrap();
             dir
         };
     }
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/grpc.rs b/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/grpc.rs
index 2079514d2b79..9696c5631949 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/grpc.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/grpc.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@ use std::collections::HashSet;
 use super::{Directory, DirectoryPutter, DirectoryService};
 use crate::composition::{CompositionContext, ServiceBuilder};
 use crate::proto::{self, get_directory_request::ByWhat};
-use crate::ValidateDirectoryError;
-use crate::{B3Digest, Error};
+use crate::{B3Digest, DirectoryError, Error};
 use async_stream::try_stream;
 use futures::stream::BoxStream;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -154,7 +153,7 @@ where
                         }
 
                         let directory = directory.try_into()
-                            .map_err(|e: ValidateDirectoryError| Error::StorageError(e.to_string()))?;
+                            .map_err(|e: DirectoryError| Error::StorageError(e.to_string()))?;
 
                         yield directory;
                     },
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/order_validator.rs b/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/order_validator.rs
index f03bb7ff9a86..6daf4a624d29 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/order_validator.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/order_validator.rs
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ impl RootToLeavesValidator {
             self.expected_digests.insert(directory.digest());
         }
 
-        for subdir in directory.directories() {
+        for (_, subdir_node) in directory.directories() {
             // Allow the children to appear next
-            self.expected_digests.insert(subdir.digest().clone());
+            self.expected_digests.insert(subdir_node.digest().clone());
         }
     }
 }
@@ -79,11 +79,11 @@ impl OrderValidator for LeavesToRootValidator {
     fn add_directory(&mut self, directory: &Directory) -> bool {
         let digest = directory.digest();
 
-        for subdir in directory.directories() {
-            if !self.allowed_references.contains(subdir.digest()) {
+        for (_, subdir_node) in directory.directories() {
+            if !self.allowed_references.contains(subdir_node.digest()) {
                 warn!(
                     directory.digest = %digest,
-                    subdirectory.digest = %subdir.digest(),
+                    subdirectory.digest = %subdir_node.digest(),
                     "unexpected directory reference"
                 );
                 return false;
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/tests/mod.rs b/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/tests/mod.rs
index 7a15f44a686e..c0a0f22c989f 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/tests/mod.rs
@@ -218,14 +218,13 @@ async fn upload_reject_dangling_pointer(directory_service: impl DirectoryService
 async fn upload_reject_wrong_size(directory_service: impl DirectoryService) {
     let wrong_parent_directory = {
         let mut dir = Directory::new();
-        dir.add(Node::Directory(
-            DirectoryNode::new(
-                "foo".into(),
+        dir.add(
+            "foo".into(),
+            Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
                 DIRECTORY_A.digest(),
                 DIRECTORY_A.size() + 42, // wrong!
-            )
-            .unwrap(),
-        ))
+            )),
+        )
         .unwrap();
         dir
     };
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/traverse.rs b/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/traverse.rs
index ff667e0f65c0..de2ea33c7f9d 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/traverse.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/traverse.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{directoryservice::DirectoryService, Error, NamedNode, Node, Path};
+use crate::{directoryservice::DirectoryService, Error, Node, Path};
 use tracing::{instrument, warn};
 
 /// This descends from a (root) node to the given (sub)path, returning the Node
@@ -37,9 +37,10 @@ where
                     })?;
 
                 // look for the component in the [Directory].
-                // FUTUREWORK: as the nodes() iterator returns in a sorted fashion, we
-                // could stop as soon as e.name is larger than the search string.
-                if let Some(child_node) = directory.nodes().find(|n| n.get_name() == component) {
+                if let Some((_child_name, child_node)) = directory
+                    .nodes()
+                    .find(|(name, _node)| name.as_ref() == component)
+                {
                     // child node found, update prev_node to that and continue.
                     parent_node = child_node.clone();
                 } else {
@@ -81,21 +82,23 @@ mod tests {
         handle.close().await.expect("must upload");
 
         // construct the node for DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED
-        let node_directory_complicated = Node::Directory(
-            DirectoryNode::new(
-                "doesntmatter".into(),
-                DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.digest(),
-                DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.size(),
-            )
-            .unwrap(),
-        );
+        let node_directory_complicated = Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
+            DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.digest(),
+            DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.size(),
+        ));
 
         // construct the node for DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED
-        let node_directory_with_keep =
-            Node::Directory(DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.directories().next().unwrap().clone());
+        let node_directory_with_keep = Node::Directory(
+            DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED
+                .directories()
+                .next()
+                .unwrap()
+                .1
+                .clone(),
+        );
 
         // construct the node for the .keep file
-        let node_file_keep = Node::File(DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.files().next().unwrap().clone());
+        let node_file_keep = Node::File(DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.files().next().unwrap().1.clone());
 
         // traversal to an empty subpath should return the root node.
         {
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/utils.rs b/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/utils.rs
index f1133663ede7..4b060707d4cc 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/utils.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/directoryservice/utils.rs
@@ -57,16 +57,15 @@ pub fn traverse_directory<'a, DS: DirectoryService + 'static>(
             // enqueue all child directory digests to the work queue, as
             // long as they're not part of the worklist or already sent.
             // This panics if the digest looks invalid, it's supposed to be checked first.
-            for child_directory_node in current_directory.directories() {
-                // TODO: propagate error
-                let child_digest: B3Digest = child_directory_node.digest().clone();
+            for (_, child_directory_node) in current_directory.directories() {
+                let child_digest = child_directory_node.digest();
 
-                if worklist_directory_digests.contains(&child_digest)
-                    || sent_directory_digests.contains(&child_digest)
+                if worklist_directory_digests.contains(child_digest)
+                    || sent_directory_digests.contains(child_digest)
                 {
                     continue;
                 }
-                worklist_directory_digests.push_back(child_digest);
+                worklist_directory_digests.push_back(child_digest.clone());
             }
 
             yield current_directory;
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/errors.rs b/tvix/castore/src/errors.rs
index 083f43036845..e03cfa5a5207 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/errors.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/errors.rs
@@ -13,33 +13,12 @@ pub enum Error {
     StorageError(String),
 }
 
-/// Errors that can occur during the validation of [Directory] messages.
-#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error, PartialEq)]
-pub enum ValidateDirectoryError {
-    /// Elements are not in sorted order
-    #[error("{:?} is not sorted", .0.as_bstr())]
-    WrongSorting(Vec<u8>),
-    /// Multiple elements with the same name encountered
-    #[error("{:?} is a duplicate name", .0.as_bstr())]
-    DuplicateName(Vec<u8>),
-    /// Invalid node
-    #[error("invalid node with name {:?}: {:?}", .0.as_bstr(), .1.to_string())]
-    InvalidNode(Vec<u8>, ValidateNodeError),
-    #[error("Total size exceeds u32::MAX")]
-    SizeOverflow,
-}
-
-/// Errors that occur during Node validation
+/// Errors that occur during construction of [crate::Node]
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error, PartialEq)]
 pub enum ValidateNodeError {
-    #[error("No node set")]
-    NoNodeSet,
     /// Invalid digest length encountered
     #[error("invalid digest length: {0}")]
     InvalidDigestLen(usize),
-    /// Invalid name encountered
-    #[error("Invalid name: {}", .0.as_bstr())]
-    InvalidName(bytes::Bytes),
     /// Invalid symlink target
     #[error("Invalid symlink target: {}", .0.as_bstr())]
     InvalidSymlinkTarget(bytes::Bytes),
@@ -53,6 +32,29 @@ impl From<crate::digests::Error> for ValidateNodeError {
     }
 }
 
+/// Errors that can occur when populating [crate::Directory] messages,
+/// or parsing [crate::proto::Directory]
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error, PartialEq)]
+pub enum DirectoryError {
+    /// Multiple elements with the same name encountered
+    #[error("{:?} is a duplicate name", .0.as_bstr())]
+    DuplicateName(Vec<u8>),
+    /// Node failed validation
+    #[error("invalid node with name {:?}: {:?}", .0.as_bstr(), .1.to_string())]
+    InvalidNode(bytes::Bytes, ValidateNodeError),
+    #[error("Total size exceeds u32::MAX")]
+    SizeOverflow,
+    /// Invalid name encountered
+    #[error("Invalid name: {}", .0.as_bstr())]
+    InvalidName(bytes::Bytes),
+    /// Elements are not in sorted order. Can only happen on protos
+    #[error("{:?} is not sorted", .0.as_bstr())]
+    WrongSorting(bytes::Bytes),
+    /// This can only happen if there's an unknown node type (on protos)
+    #[error("No node set")]
+    NoNodeSet,
+}
+
 impl From<JoinError> for Error {
     fn from(value: JoinError) -> Self {
         Error::StorageError(value.to_string())
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/fixtures.rs b/tvix/castore/src/fixtures.rs
index 06366f2057ab..b57540d177e2 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/fixtures.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/fixtures.rs
@@ -35,70 +35,83 @@ lazy_static! {
     // Directories
     pub static ref DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP: Directory = {
         let mut dir = Directory::new();
-        dir.add(Node::File(FileNode::new(
-            b".keep".to_vec().into(),
-            EMPTY_BLOB_DIGEST.clone(),
-            0,
-            false
-        ).unwrap())).unwrap();
+        dir.add(
+            ".keep".into(),
+            Node::File(FileNode::new(
+                EMPTY_BLOB_DIGEST.clone(),
+                0,
+                false
+            ))).unwrap();
+
         dir
     };
     pub static ref DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED: Directory = {
         let mut dir = Directory::new();
-        dir.add(Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
-            b"keep".to_vec().into(),
-            DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.digest(),
-            DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.size()
-        ).unwrap())).unwrap();
-        dir.add(Node::File(FileNode::new(
-            b".keep".to_vec().into(),
+        dir.add(
+            "keep".into(),
+            Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
+                DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.digest(),
+                DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.size()
+            ))).unwrap();
+        dir.add(
+            ".keep".into(),
+            Node::File(FileNode::new(
             EMPTY_BLOB_DIGEST.clone(),
             0,
             false
-        ).unwrap())).unwrap();
-        dir.add(Node::Symlink(SymlinkNode::new(
-            b"aa".to_vec().into(),
-            b"/nix/store/somewhereelse".to_vec().into()
-        ).unwrap())).unwrap();
+        ))).unwrap();
+        dir.add(
+            "aa".into(),
+            Node::Symlink(SymlinkNode::new(
+                b"/nix/store/somewhereelse".to_vec().into()
+            ).unwrap())).unwrap();
+
         dir
     };
     pub static ref DIRECTORY_A: Directory = Directory::new();
     pub static ref DIRECTORY_B: Directory = {
         let mut dir = Directory::new();
-        dir.add(Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
-            b"a".to_vec().into(),
-            DIRECTORY_A.digest(),
-            DIRECTORY_A.size(),
-        ).unwrap())).unwrap();
+        dir.add(
+            "a".into(),
+            Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
+                DIRECTORY_A.digest(),
+                DIRECTORY_A.size(),
+            ))).unwrap();
+
         dir
     };
     pub static ref DIRECTORY_C: Directory = {
         let mut dir = Directory::new();
-        dir.add(Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
-            b"a".to_vec().into(),
-            DIRECTORY_A.digest(),
-            DIRECTORY_A.size(),
-        ).unwrap())).unwrap();
-        dir.add(Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
-                    b"a'".to_vec().into(),
+        dir.add(
+            "a".into(),
+            Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
+                DIRECTORY_A.digest(),
+                DIRECTORY_A.size(),
+            ))).unwrap();
+        dir.add(
+            "a'".into(),
+            Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
                     DIRECTORY_A.digest(),
                     DIRECTORY_A.size(),
-        ).unwrap())).unwrap();
+        ))).unwrap();
+
         dir
     };
     pub static ref DIRECTORY_D: Directory = {
         let mut dir = Directory::new();
-        dir.add(Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
-            b"a".to_vec().into(),
-            DIRECTORY_A.digest(),
-            DIRECTORY_A.size(),
-        ).unwrap())).unwrap();
-            dir.add(Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
-            b"b".to_vec().into(),
-            DIRECTORY_B.digest(),
-            DIRECTORY_B.size(),
-        ).unwrap())).unwrap();
-            dir
+        dir.add(
+            "a".into(),
+            Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
+                DIRECTORY_A.digest(),
+                DIRECTORY_A.size(),
+            ))).unwrap();
+        dir.add(
+            "b".into(),
+            Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
+                DIRECTORY_B.digest(),
+                DIRECTORY_B.size(),
+            ))).unwrap();
 
+        dir
     };
 }
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/fs/fuse/tests.rs b/tvix/castore/src/fs/fuse/tests.rs
index 3dad7d83aedd..30bbfc46235d 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/fs/fuse/tests.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/fs/fuse/tests.rs
@@ -68,15 +68,11 @@ async fn populate_blob_a(
 
     root_nodes.insert(
         BLOB_A_NAME.into(),
-        Node::File(
-            FileNode::new(
-                BLOB_A_NAME.into(),
-                fixtures::BLOB_A_DIGEST.clone(),
-                fixtures::BLOB_A.len() as u64,
-                false,
-            )
-            .unwrap(),
-        ),
+        Node::File(FileNode::new(
+            fixtures::BLOB_A_DIGEST.clone(),
+            fixtures::BLOB_A.len() as u64,
+            false,
+        )),
     );
 }
 
@@ -92,15 +88,11 @@ async fn populate_blob_b(
 
     root_nodes.insert(
         BLOB_B_NAME.into(),
-        Node::File(
-            FileNode::new(
-                BLOB_B_NAME.into(),
-                fixtures::BLOB_B_DIGEST.clone(),
-                fixtures::BLOB_B.len() as u64,
-                false,
-            )
-            .unwrap(),
-        ),
+        Node::File(FileNode::new(
+            fixtures::BLOB_B_DIGEST.clone(),
+            fixtures::BLOB_B.len() as u64,
+            false,
+        )),
     );
 }
 
@@ -120,22 +112,18 @@ async fn populate_blob_helloworld(
 
     root_nodes.insert(
         HELLOWORLD_BLOB_NAME.into(),
-        Node::File(
-            FileNode::new(
-                HELLOWORLD_BLOB_NAME.into(),
-                fixtures::HELLOWORLD_BLOB_DIGEST.clone(),
-                fixtures::HELLOWORLD_BLOB_CONTENTS.len() as u64,
-                true,
-            )
-            .unwrap(),
-        ),
+        Node::File(FileNode::new(
+            fixtures::HELLOWORLD_BLOB_DIGEST.clone(),
+            fixtures::HELLOWORLD_BLOB_CONTENTS.len() as u64,
+            true,
+        )),
     );
 }
 
 async fn populate_symlink(root_nodes: &mut BTreeMap<Bytes, Node>) {
     root_nodes.insert(
         SYMLINK_NAME.into(),
-        Node::Symlink(SymlinkNode::new(SYMLINK_NAME.into(), BLOB_A_NAME.into()).unwrap()),
+        Node::Symlink(SymlinkNode::new(BLOB_A_NAME.into()).unwrap()),
     );
 }
 
@@ -144,9 +132,7 @@ async fn populate_symlink(root_nodes: &mut BTreeMap<Bytes, Node>) {
 async fn populate_symlink2(root_nodes: &mut BTreeMap<Bytes, Node>) {
     root_nodes.insert(
         SYMLINK_NAME2.into(),
-        Node::Symlink(
-            SymlinkNode::new(SYMLINK_NAME2.into(), "/nix/store/somewhereelse".into()).unwrap(),
-        ),
+        Node::Symlink(SymlinkNode::new("/nix/store/somewhereelse".into()).unwrap()),
     );
 }
 
@@ -170,14 +156,10 @@ async fn populate_directory_with_keep(
 
     root_nodes.insert(
         DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP_NAME.into(),
-        Node::Directory(
-            DirectoryNode::new(
-                DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP_NAME.into(),
-                fixtures::DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.digest(),
-                fixtures::DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.size(),
-            )
-            .unwrap(),
-        ),
+        Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
+            fixtures::DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.digest(),
+            fixtures::DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.size(),
+        )),
     );
 }
 
@@ -186,14 +168,10 @@ async fn populate_directory_with_keep(
 async fn populate_directorynode_without_directory(root_nodes: &mut BTreeMap<Bytes, Node>) {
     root_nodes.insert(
         DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP_NAME.into(),
-        Node::Directory(
-            DirectoryNode::new(
-                DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP_NAME.into(),
-                fixtures::DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.digest(),
-                fixtures::DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.size(),
-            )
-            .unwrap(),
-        ),
+        Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
+            fixtures::DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.digest(),
+            fixtures::DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.size(),
+        )),
     );
 }
 
@@ -201,15 +179,11 @@ async fn populate_directorynode_without_directory(root_nodes: &mut BTreeMap<Byte
 async fn populate_filenode_without_blob(root_nodes: &mut BTreeMap<Bytes, Node>) {
     root_nodes.insert(
         BLOB_A_NAME.into(),
-        Node::File(
-            FileNode::new(
-                BLOB_A_NAME.into(),
-                fixtures::BLOB_A_DIGEST.clone(),
-                fixtures::BLOB_A.len() as u64,
-                false,
-            )
-            .unwrap(),
-        ),
+        Node::File(FileNode::new(
+            fixtures::BLOB_A_DIGEST.clone(),
+            fixtures::BLOB_A.len() as u64,
+            false,
+        )),
     );
 }
 
@@ -239,14 +213,10 @@ async fn populate_directory_complicated(
 
     root_nodes.insert(
         DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED_NAME.into(),
-        Node::Directory(
-            DirectoryNode::new(
-                DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED_NAME.into(),
-                fixtures::DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.digest(),
-                fixtures::DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.size(),
-            )
-            .unwrap(),
-        ),
+        Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
+            fixtures::DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.digest(),
+            fixtures::DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.size(),
+        )),
     );
 }
 
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/fs/inodes.rs b/tvix/castore/src/fs/inodes.rs
index b04505c9fa98..e49d28f8e52e 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/fs/inodes.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/fs/inodes.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@
 //! about inodes, which present tvix-castore nodes in a filesystem.
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use bytes::Bytes;
-
-use crate::{B3Digest, NamedNode, Node};
+use crate::{B3Digest, Node};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub enum InodeData {
@@ -19,24 +17,19 @@ pub enum InodeData {
 /// lookup and did fetch the data.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub enum DirectoryInodeData {
-    Sparse(B3Digest, u64),                 // digest, size
-    Populated(B3Digest, Vec<(u64, Node)>), // [(child_inode, node)]
+    Sparse(B3Digest, u64),                               // digest, size
+    Populated(B3Digest, Vec<(u64, bytes::Bytes, Node)>), // [(child_inode, name, node)]
 }
 
 impl InodeData {
     /// Constructs a new InodeData by consuming a [Node].
-    /// It splits off the orginal name, so it can be used later.
-    pub fn from_node(node: &Node) -> (Self, Bytes) {
+    pub fn from_node(node: &Node) -> Self {
         match node {
-            Node::Directory(n) => (
-                Self::Directory(DirectoryInodeData::Sparse(n.digest().clone(), n.size())),
-                n.get_name().clone(),
-            ),
-            Node::File(n) => (
-                Self::Regular(n.digest().clone(), n.size(), n.executable()),
-                n.get_name().clone(),
-            ),
-            Node::Symlink(n) => (Self::Symlink(n.target().clone()), n.get_name().clone()),
+            Node::Directory(n) => {
+                Self::Directory(DirectoryInodeData::Sparse(n.digest().clone(), n.size()))
+            }
+            Node::File(n) => Self::Regular(n.digest().clone(), n.size(), n.executable()),
+            Node::Symlink(n) => Self::Symlink(n.target().clone()),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/fs/mod.rs b/tvix/castore/src/fs/mod.rs
index 90c1f371b546..f819adb549f5 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/fs/mod.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/fs/mod.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use self::{
 use crate::{
     blobservice::{BlobReader, BlobService},
     directoryservice::DirectoryService,
-    {B3Digest, NamedNode, Node},
+    {B3Digest, Node},
 };
 use bstr::ByteVec;
 use bytes::Bytes;
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ pub struct TvixStoreFs<BS, DS, RN> {
             u64,
             (
                 Span,
-                Arc<Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<(usize, Result<Node, crate::Error>)>>>,
+                Arc<Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<(usize, Result<(Bytes, Node), crate::Error>)>>>,
             ),
         >,
     >,
@@ -165,8 +165,12 @@ where
     /// It is ok if it's a [DirectoryInodeData::Sparse] - in that case, a lookup
     /// in self.directory_service is performed, and self.inode_tracker is updated with the
     /// [DirectoryInodeData::Populated].
+    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
     #[instrument(skip(self), err)]
-    fn get_directory_children(&self, ino: u64) -> io::Result<(B3Digest, Vec<(u64, Node)>)> {
+    fn get_directory_children(
+        &self,
+        ino: u64,
+    ) -> io::Result<(B3Digest, Vec<(u64, bytes::Bytes, Node)>)> {
         let data = self.inode_tracker.read().get(ino).unwrap();
         match *data {
             // if it's populated already, return children.
@@ -196,13 +200,13 @@ where
                 let children = {
                     let mut inode_tracker = self.inode_tracker.write();
 
-                    let children: Vec<(u64, Node)> = directory
+                    let children: Vec<(u64, Bytes, Node)> = directory
                         .nodes()
-                        .map(|child_node| {
-                            let (inode_data, _) = InodeData::from_node(child_node);
+                        .map(|(child_name, child_node)| {
+                            let inode_data = InodeData::from_node(child_node);
 
                             let child_ino = inode_tracker.put(inode_data);
-                            (child_ino, child_node.clone())
+                            (child_ino, child_name.to_owned(), child_node.clone())
                         })
                         .collect();
 
@@ -263,12 +267,6 @@ where
             Ok(None) => Err(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(libc::ENOENT)),
             // The root node does exist
             Ok(Some(root_node)) => {
-                // The name must match what's passed in the lookup, otherwise this is also a ENOENT.
-                if root_node.get_name() != name.to_bytes() {
-                    debug!(root_node.name=?root_node.get_name(), found_node.name=%name.to_string_lossy(), "node name mismatch");
-                    return Err(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(libc::ENOENT));
-                }
-
                 // Let's check if someone else beat us to updating the inode tracker and
                 // root_nodes map. This avoids locking inode_tracker for writing.
                 if let Some(ino) = self.root_nodes.read().get(name.to_bytes()) {
@@ -285,9 +283,9 @@ where
 
                 // insert the (sparse) inode data and register in
                 // self.root_nodes.
-                let (inode_data, name) = InodeData::from_node(&root_node);
+                let inode_data = InodeData::from_node(&root_node);
                 let ino = inode_tracker.put(inode_data.clone());
-                root_nodes.insert(name, ino);
+                root_nodes.insert(bytes::Bytes::copy_from_slice(name.to_bytes()), ino);
 
                 Ok((ino, Arc::new(inode_data)))
             }
@@ -362,7 +360,7 @@ where
         // Search for that name in the list of children and return the FileAttrs.
 
         // in the children, find the one with the desired name.
-        if let Some((child_ino, _)) = children.iter().find(|e| e.1.get_name() == name.to_bytes()) {
+        if let Some((child_ino, _, _)) = children.iter().find(|(_, n, _)| n == name.to_bytes()) {
             // lookup the child [InodeData] in [self.inode_tracker].
             // We know the inodes for children have already been allocated.
             let child_inode_data = self.inode_tracker.read().get(*child_ino).unwrap();
@@ -398,8 +396,8 @@ where
             self.tokio_handle.spawn(
                 async move {
                     let mut stream = root_nodes_provider.list().enumerate();
-                    while let Some(node) = stream.next().await {
-                        if tx.send(node).await.is_err() {
+                    while let Some(e) = stream.next().await {
+                        if tx.send(e).await.is_err() {
                             // If we get a send error, it means the sync code
                             // doesn't want any more entries.
                             break;
@@ -461,12 +459,12 @@ where
                 .map_err(|_| crate::Error::StorageError("mutex poisoned".into()))?;
 
             while let Some((i, n)) = rx.blocking_recv() {
-                let root_node = n.map_err(|e| {
+                let (name, node) = n.map_err(|e| {
                     warn!("failed to retrieve root node: {}", e);
                     io::Error::from_raw_os_error(libc::EIO)
                 })?;
 
-                let (inode_data, name) = InodeData::from_node(&root_node);
+                let inode_data = InodeData::from_node(&node);
 
                 // obtain the inode, or allocate a new one.
                 let ino = self.get_inode_for_root_name(&name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
@@ -495,15 +493,17 @@ where
         let (parent_digest, children) = self.get_directory_children(inode)?;
         Span::current().record("directory.digest", parent_digest.to_string());
 
-        for (i, (ino, child_node)) in children.into_iter().skip(offset as usize).enumerate() {
-            let (inode_data, name) = InodeData::from_node(&child_node);
+        for (i, (ino, child_name, child_node)) in
+            children.into_iter().skip(offset as usize).enumerate()
+        {
+            let inode_data = InodeData::from_node(&child_node);
 
             // the second parameter will become the "offset" parameter on the next call.
             let written = add_entry(fuse_backend_rs::api::filesystem::DirEntry {
                 ino,
                 offset: offset + (i as u64) + 1,
                 type_: inode_data.as_fuse_type(),
-                name: &name,
+                name: &child_name,
             })?;
             // If the buffer is full, add_entry will return `Ok(0)`.
             if written == 0 {
@@ -548,12 +548,12 @@ where
                 .map_err(|_| crate::Error::StorageError("mutex poisoned".into()))?;
 
             while let Some((i, n)) = rx.blocking_recv() {
-                let root_node = n.map_err(|e| {
+                let (name, node) = n.map_err(|e| {
                     warn!("failed to retrieve root node: {}", e);
                     io::Error::from_raw_os_error(libc::EPERM)
                 })?;
 
-                let (inode_data, name) = InodeData::from_node(&root_node);
+                let inode_data = InodeData::from_node(&node);
 
                 // obtain the inode, or allocate a new one.
                 let ino = self.get_inode_for_root_name(&name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
@@ -585,8 +585,8 @@ where
         let (parent_digest, children) = self.get_directory_children(inode)?;
         Span::current().record("directory.digest", parent_digest.to_string());
 
-        for (i, (ino, child_node)) in children.into_iter().skip(offset as usize).enumerate() {
-            let (inode_data, name) = InodeData::from_node(&child_node);
+        for (i, (ino, name, child_node)) in children.into_iter().skip(offset as usize).enumerate() {
+            let inode_data = InodeData::from_node(&child_node);
 
             // the second parameter will become the "offset" parameter on the next call.
             let written = add_entry(
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/fs/root_nodes.rs b/tvix/castore/src/fs/root_nodes.rs
index c237142c8d91..62f0b62196a6 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/fs/root_nodes.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/fs/root_nodes.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ pub trait RootNodes: Send + Sync {
     /// directory of the filesystem.
     async fn get_by_basename(&self, name: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Node>, Error>;
 
-    /// Lists all root CA nodes in the filesystem. An error can be returned
-    /// in case listing is not allowed
-    fn list(&self) -> BoxStream<Result<Node, Error>>;
+    /// Lists all root CA nodes in the filesystem, as a tuple of (base)name
+    /// and Node.
+    /// An error can be returned in case listing is not allowed.
+    fn list(&self) -> BoxStream<Result<(bytes::Bytes, Node), Error>>;
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
@@ -28,9 +29,11 @@ where
         Ok(self.as_ref().get(name).cloned())
     }
 
-    fn list(&self) -> BoxStream<Result<Node, Error>> {
+    fn list(&self) -> BoxStream<Result<(bytes::Bytes, Node), Error>> {
         Box::pin(tokio_stream::iter(
-            self.as_ref().iter().map(|(_, v)| Ok(v.clone())),
+            self.as_ref()
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(name, node)| Ok((name.to_owned(), node.to_owned()))),
         ))
     }
 }
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/import/mod.rs b/tvix/castore/src/import/mod.rs
index b40dfd74e9e4..408166beffb4 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/import/mod.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/import/mod.rs
@@ -59,14 +59,6 @@ where
             // we break the loop manually.
             .expect("Tvix bug: unexpected end of stream")?;
 
-        let name = entry
-            .path()
-            .file_name()
-            // If this is the root node, it will have an empty name.
-            .unwrap_or_default()
-            .to_owned()
-            .into();
-
         let node = match &mut entry {
             IngestionEntry::Dir { .. } => {
                 // If the entry is a directory, we traversed all its children (and
@@ -92,36 +84,22 @@ where
                         IngestionError::UploadDirectoryError(entry.path().to_owned(), e)
                     })?;
 
-                Node::Directory(
-                    DirectoryNode::new(name, directory_digest, directory_size).map_err(|e| {
-                        IngestionError::UploadDirectoryError(
-                            entry.path().to_owned(),
-                            crate::Error::StorageError(e.to_string()),
-                        )
-                    })?,
-                )
+                Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(directory_digest, directory_size))
             }
-            IngestionEntry::Symlink { ref target, .. } => Node::Symlink(
-                SymlinkNode::new(name, target.to_owned().into()).map_err(|e| {
+            IngestionEntry::Symlink { ref target, .. } => {
+                Node::Symlink(SymlinkNode::new(target.to_owned().into()).map_err(|e| {
                     IngestionError::UploadDirectoryError(
                         entry.path().to_owned(),
                         crate::Error::StorageError(e.to_string()),
                     )
-                })?,
-            ),
+                })?)
+            }
             IngestionEntry::Regular {
                 size,
                 executable,
                 digest,
                 ..
-            } => Node::File(
-                FileNode::new(name, digest.clone(), *size, *executable).map_err(|e| {
-                    IngestionError::UploadDirectoryError(
-                        entry.path().to_owned(),
-                        crate::Error::StorageError(e.to_string()),
-                    )
-                })?,
-            ),
+            } => Node::File(FileNode::new(digest.clone(), *size, *executable)),
         };
 
         let parent = entry
@@ -132,11 +110,19 @@ where
         if parent == crate::Path::ROOT {
             break node;
         } else {
+            let name = entry
+                .path()
+                .file_name()
+                // If this is the root node, it will have an empty name.
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+                .to_owned()
+                .into();
+
             // record node in parent directory, creating a new [Directory] if not there yet.
             directories
                 .entry(parent.to_owned())
                 .or_default()
-                .add(node)
+                .add(name, node)
                 .map_err(|e| {
                     IngestionError::UploadDirectoryError(
                         entry.path().to_owned(),
@@ -227,18 +213,18 @@ mod test {
         executable: true,
         digest: DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(),
     }],
-        Node::File(FileNode::new("foo".into(), DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 42, true).unwrap())
+        Node::File(FileNode::new(DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 42, true))
     )]
     #[case::single_symlink(vec![IngestionEntry::Symlink {
         path: "foo".parse().unwrap(),
         target: b"blub".into(),
     }],
-        Node::Symlink(SymlinkNode::new("foo".into(), "blub".into()).unwrap())
+        Node::Symlink(SymlinkNode::new("blub".into()).unwrap())
     )]
     #[case::single_dir(vec![IngestionEntry::Dir {
         path: "foo".parse().unwrap(),
     }],
-        Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new("foo".into(), Directory::default().digest(), Directory::default().size()).unwrap())
+        Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(Directory::default().digest(), Directory::default().size()))
     )]
     #[case::dir_with_keep(vec![
         IngestionEntry::Regular {
@@ -251,7 +237,7 @@ mod test {
             path: "foo".parse().unwrap(),
         },
     ],
-        Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new("foo".into(), DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.digest(), DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.size()).unwrap())
+        Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.digest(), DIRECTORY_WITH_KEEP.size()))
     )]
     /// This is intentionally a bit unsorted, though it still satisfies all
     /// requirements we have on the order of elements in the stream.
@@ -279,7 +265,7 @@ mod test {
             path: "blub".parse().unwrap(),
         },
     ],
-    Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new("blub".into(), DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.digest(), DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.size()).unwrap())
+    Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.digest(), DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.size()))
     )]
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_ingestion(#[case] entries: Vec<IngestionEntry>, #[case] exp_root_node: Node) {
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/lib.rs b/tvix/castore/src/lib.rs
index e09926afe70d..f56ddf827722 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/lib.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/lib.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub mod proto;
 pub mod tonic;
 
 pub use digests::{B3Digest, B3_LEN};
-pub use errors::{Error, ValidateDirectoryError, ValidateNodeError};
+pub use errors::{DirectoryError, Error, ValidateNodeError};
 pub use hashing_reader::{B3HashingReader, HashingReader};
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/nodes/directory.rs b/tvix/castore/src/nodes/directory.rs
index 1752681c89c3..d58b7822a434 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/nodes/directory.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/nodes/directory.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,25 @@
-use crate::{
-    proto, B3Digest, DirectoryNode, FileNode, NamedNode, Node, SymlinkNode, ValidateDirectoryError,
-    ValidateNodeError,
-};
-
-/// A Directory can contain Directory, File or Symlink nodes.
-/// Each of these nodes have a name attribute, which is the basename in that
-/// directory and node type specific attributes.
-/// While a Node by itself may have any name, the names of Directory entries:
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+use crate::{errors::DirectoryError, proto, B3Digest, DirectoryNode, FileNode, Node, SymlinkNode};
+
+/// A Directory contains nodes, which can be Directory, File or Symlink nodes.
+/// It attached names to these nodes, which is the basename in that directory.
+/// These names:
 ///  - MUST not contain slashes or null bytes
 ///  - MUST not be '.' or '..'
 ///  - MUST be unique across all three lists
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Directory {
-    nodes: Vec<Node>,
+    nodes: BTreeMap<bytes::Bytes, Node>,
 }
 
 impl Directory {
+    /// Constructs a new, empty Directory.
+    /// FUTUREWORK: provide a constructor from an interator of (sorted) names and nodes.
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Directory { nodes: vec![] }
+        Directory {
+            nodes: BTreeMap::new(),
+        }
     }
 
     /// The size of a directory is the number of all regular and symlink elements,
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ impl Directory {
     pub fn size(&self) -> u64 {
         // It's impossible to create a Directory where the size overflows, because we
         // check before every add() that the size won't overflow.
-        (self.nodes.len() as u64) + self.directories().map(|e| e.size()).sum::<u64>()
+        (self.nodes.len() as u64) + self.directories().map(|(_name, dn)| dn.size()).sum::<u64>()
     }
 
     /// Calculates the digest of a Directory, which is the blake3 hash of a
@@ -35,62 +37,66 @@ impl Directory {
     }
 
     /// Allows iterating over all nodes (directories, files and symlinks)
-    /// ordered by their name.
-    pub fn nodes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Node> + Send + Sync + '_ {
+    /// For each, it returns a tuple of its name and node.
+    /// The elements are sorted by their names.
+    pub fn nodes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&bytes::Bytes, &Node)> + Send + Sync + '_ {
         self.nodes.iter()
     }
 
-    /// Allows iterating over the FileNode entries of this directory
-    /// ordered by their name
-    pub fn files(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &FileNode> + Send + Sync + '_ {
-        self.nodes.iter().filter_map(|node| match node {
-            Node::File(n) => Some(n),
+    /// Allows iterating over the FileNode entries of this directory.
+    /// For each, it returns a tuple of its name and node.
+    /// The elements are sorted by their names.
+    pub fn files(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&bytes::Bytes, &FileNode)> + Send + Sync + '_ {
+        self.nodes.iter().filter_map(|(name, node)| match node {
+            Node::File(n) => Some((name, n)),
             _ => None,
         })
     }
 
-    /// Allows iterating over the subdirectories of this directory
-    /// ordered by their name
-    pub fn directories(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &DirectoryNode> + Send + Sync + '_ {
-        self.nodes.iter().filter_map(|node| match node {
-            Node::Directory(n) => Some(n),
+    /// Allows iterating over the DirectoryNode entries (subdirectories) of this directory.
+    /// For each, it returns a tuple of its name and node.
+    /// The elements are sorted by their names.
+    pub fn directories(
+        &self,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&bytes::Bytes, &DirectoryNode)> + Send + Sync + '_ {
+        self.nodes.iter().filter_map(|(name, node)| match node {
+            Node::Directory(n) => Some((name, n)),
             _ => None,
         })
     }
 
     /// Allows iterating over the SymlinkNode entries of this directory
-    /// ordered by their name
-    pub fn symlinks(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &SymlinkNode> + Send + Sync + '_ {
-        self.nodes.iter().filter_map(|node| match node {
-            Node::Symlink(n) => Some(n),
+    /// For each, it returns a tuple of its name and node.
+    /// The elements are sorted by their names.
+    pub fn symlinks(
+        &self,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&bytes::Bytes, &SymlinkNode)> + Send + Sync + '_ {
+        self.nodes.iter().filter_map(|(name, node)| match node {
+            Node::Symlink(n) => Some((name, n)),
             _ => None,
         })
     }
 
     /// Checks a Node name for validity as a directory entry
     /// We disallow slashes, null bytes, '.', '..' and the empty string.
-    pub(crate) fn validate_node_name(name: &[u8]) -> Result<(), ValidateNodeError> {
-        if name.is_empty()
+    pub(crate) fn is_valid_name(name: &[u8]) -> bool {
+        !(name.is_empty()
             || name == b".."
             || name == b"."
             || name.contains(&0x00)
-            || name.contains(&b'/')
-        {
-            Err(ValidateNodeError::InvalidName(name.to_owned().into()))
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
+            || name.contains(&b'/'))
     }
 
-    /// Adds the specified [Node] to the [Directory], preserving sorted entries.
+    /// Adds the specified [Node] to the [Directory] with a given name.
     ///
     /// Inserting an element that already exists with the same name in the directory will yield an
     /// error.
-    /// Inserting an element will validate that its name fulfills the stricter requirements for
-    /// directory entries and yield an error if it is not.
-    pub fn add(&mut self, node: Node) -> Result<(), ValidateDirectoryError> {
-        Self::validate_node_name(node.get_name())
-            .map_err(|e| ValidateDirectoryError::InvalidNode(node.get_name().clone().into(), e))?;
+    /// Inserting an element will validate that its name fulfills the
+    /// requirements for directory entries and yield an error if it is not.
+    pub fn add(&mut self, name: bytes::Bytes, node: Node) -> Result<(), DirectoryError> {
+        if !Self::is_valid_name(&name) {
+            return Err(DirectoryError::InvalidName(name));
+        }
 
         // Check that the even after adding this new directory entry, the size calculation will not
         // overflow
@@ -104,24 +110,17 @@ impl Directory {
                 _ => 0,
             },
         ])
-        .ok_or(ValidateDirectoryError::SizeOverflow)?;
-
-        // This assumes the [Directory] is sorted, since we don't allow accessing the nodes list
-        // directly and all previous inserts should have been in-order
-        let pos = match self
-            .nodes
-            .binary_search_by_key(&node.get_name(), |n| n.get_name())
-        {
-            Err(pos) => pos, // There is no node with this name; good!
-            Ok(_) => {
-                return Err(ValidateDirectoryError::DuplicateName(
-                    node.get_name().to_vec(),
-                ))
-            }
-        };
+        .ok_or(DirectoryError::SizeOverflow)?;
 
-        self.nodes.insert(pos, node);
-        Ok(())
+        match self.nodes.entry(name) {
+            std::collections::btree_map::Entry::Vacant(e) => {
+                e.insert(node);
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            std::collections::btree_map::Entry::Occupied(occupied) => {
+                Err(DirectoryError::DuplicateName(occupied.key().to_vec()))
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -133,49 +132,58 @@ fn checked_sum(iter: impl IntoIterator<Item = u64>) -> Option<u64> {
 mod test {
     use super::{Directory, DirectoryNode, FileNode, Node, SymlinkNode};
     use crate::fixtures::DUMMY_DIGEST;
-    use crate::ValidateDirectoryError;
+    use crate::DirectoryError;
 
     #[test]
     fn add_nodes_to_directory() {
         let mut d = Directory::new();
 
-        d.add(Node::Directory(
-            DirectoryNode::new("b".into(), DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1).unwrap(),
-        ))
+        d.add(
+            "b".into(),
+            Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1)),
+        )
         .unwrap();
-        d.add(Node::Directory(
-            DirectoryNode::new("a".into(), DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1).unwrap(),
-        ))
+        d.add(
+            "a".into(),
+            Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1)),
+        )
         .unwrap();
-        d.add(Node::Directory(
-            DirectoryNode::new("z".into(), DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1).unwrap(),
-        ))
+        d.add(
+            "z".into(),
+            Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1)),
+        )
         .unwrap();
 
-        d.add(Node::File(
-            FileNode::new("f".into(), DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1, true).unwrap(),
-        ))
+        d.add(
+            "f".into(),
+            Node::File(FileNode::new(DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1, true)),
+        )
         .unwrap();
-        d.add(Node::File(
-            FileNode::new("c".into(), DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1, true).unwrap(),
-        ))
+        d.add(
+            "c".into(),
+            Node::File(FileNode::new(DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1, true)),
+        )
         .unwrap();
-        d.add(Node::File(
-            FileNode::new("g".into(), DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1, true).unwrap(),
-        ))
+        d.add(
+            "g".into(),
+            Node::File(FileNode::new(DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1, true)),
+        )
         .unwrap();
 
-        d.add(Node::Symlink(
-            SymlinkNode::new("t".into(), "a".into()).unwrap(),
-        ))
+        d.add(
+            "t".into(),
+            Node::Symlink(SymlinkNode::new("a".into()).unwrap()),
+        )
         .unwrap();
-        d.add(Node::Symlink(
-            SymlinkNode::new("o".into(), "a".into()).unwrap(),
-        ))
+        d.add(
+            "o".into(),
+            Node::Symlink(SymlinkNode::new("a".into()).unwrap()),
+        )
         .unwrap();
-        d.add(Node::Symlink(
-            SymlinkNode::new("e".into(), "a".into()).unwrap(),
-        ))
+        d.add(
+            "e".into(),
+            Node::Symlink(SymlinkNode::new("a".into()).unwrap()),
+        )
         .unwrap();
 
         // Convert to proto struct and back to ensure we are not generating any invalid structures
@@ -188,10 +196,11 @@ mod test {
         let mut d = Directory::new();
 
         assert_eq!(
-            d.add(Node::Directory(
-                DirectoryNode::new("foo".into(), DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), u64::MAX).unwrap(),
-            )),
-            Err(ValidateDirectoryError::SizeOverflow)
+            d.add(
+                "foo".into(),
+                Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), u64::MAX))
+            ),
+            Err(DirectoryError::SizeOverflow)
         );
     }
 
@@ -199,16 +208,18 @@ mod test {
     fn add_duplicate_node_to_directory() {
         let mut d = Directory::new();
 
-        d.add(Node::Directory(
-            DirectoryNode::new("a".into(), DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1).unwrap(),
-        ))
+        d.add(
+            "a".into(),
+            Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1)),
+        )
         .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             format!(
                 "{}",
-                d.add(Node::File(
-                    FileNode::new("a".into(), DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1, true).unwrap(),
-                ))
+                d.add(
+                    "a".into(),
+                    Node::File(FileNode::new(DUMMY_DIGEST.clone(), 1, true))
+                )
                 .expect_err("adding duplicate dir entry must fail")
             ),
             "\"a\" is a duplicate name"
@@ -220,13 +231,10 @@ mod test {
     async fn directory_reject_invalid_name() {
         let mut dir = Directory::new();
         assert!(
-            dir.add(Node::Symlink(
-                SymlinkNode::new(
-                    "".into(), // wrong! can not be added to directory
-                    "doesntmatter".into(),
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-            ))
+            dir.add(
+                "".into(), // wrong! can not be added to directory
+                Node::Symlink(SymlinkNode::new("doesntmatter".into(),).unwrap())
+            )
             .is_err(),
             "invalid symlink entry be rejected"
         );
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/nodes/directory_node.rs b/tvix/castore/src/nodes/directory_node.rs
index afbae1695c63..e6e6312a7a0c 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/nodes/directory_node.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/nodes/directory_node.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-use crate::{B3Digest, NamedNode, ValidateNodeError};
+use crate::B3Digest;
 
 /// A DirectoryNode is a pointer to a [Directory], by its [Directory::digest].
-/// It also gives it a `name` and `size`.
+/// It also records a`size`.
 /// Such a node is either an element in the [Directory] it itself is contained in,
 /// or a standalone root node./
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct DirectoryNode {
-    /// The (base)name of the directory
-    name: bytes::Bytes,
     /// The blake3 hash of a Directory message, serialized in protobuf canonical form.
     digest: B3Digest,
     /// Number of child elements in the Directory referred to by `digest`.
@@ -23,8 +21,8 @@ pub struct DirectoryNode {
 }
 
 impl DirectoryNode {
-    pub fn new(name: bytes::Bytes, digest: B3Digest, size: u64) -> Result<Self, ValidateNodeError> {
-        Ok(Self { name, digest, size })
+    pub fn new(digest: B3Digest, size: u64) -> Self {
+        Self { digest, size }
     }
 
     pub fn digest(&self) -> &B3Digest {
@@ -34,31 +32,4 @@ impl DirectoryNode {
     pub fn size(&self) -> u64 {
         self.size
     }
-
-    pub fn rename(self, name: bytes::Bytes) -> Self {
-        Self { name, ..self }
-    }
-}
-
-impl PartialOrd for DirectoryNode {
-    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
-        Some(self.cmp(other))
-    }
-}
-
-impl Ord for DirectoryNode {
-    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
-        self.get_name().cmp(other.get_name())
-    }
-}
-
-impl NamedNode for &DirectoryNode {
-    fn get_name(&self) -> &bytes::Bytes {
-        &self.name
-    }
-}
-impl NamedNode for DirectoryNode {
-    fn get_name(&self) -> &bytes::Bytes {
-        &self.name
-    }
 }
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/nodes/file_node.rs b/tvix/castore/src/nodes/file_node.rs
index 5dd677c17b49..73abe21e59b4 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/nodes/file_node.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/nodes/file_node.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
-use crate::{B3Digest, NamedNode, ValidateNodeError};
+use crate::B3Digest;
 
 /// A FileNode represents a regular or executable file in a Directory or at the root.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct FileNode {
-    /// The (base)name of the file
-    name: bytes::Bytes,
-
     /// The blake3 digest of the file contents
     digest: B3Digest,
 
@@ -17,18 +14,12 @@ pub struct FileNode {
 }
 
 impl FileNode {
-    pub fn new(
-        name: bytes::Bytes,
-        digest: B3Digest,
-        size: u64,
-        executable: bool,
-    ) -> Result<Self, ValidateNodeError> {
-        Ok(Self {
-            name,
+    pub fn new(digest: B3Digest, size: u64, executable: bool) -> Self {
+        Self {
             digest,
             size,
             executable,
-        })
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn digest(&self) -> &B3Digest {
@@ -42,31 +33,4 @@ impl FileNode {
     pub fn executable(&self) -> bool {
         self.executable
     }
-
-    pub fn rename(self, name: bytes::Bytes) -> Self {
-        Self { name, ..self }
-    }
-}
-
-impl PartialOrd for FileNode {
-    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
-        Some(self.cmp(other))
-    }
-}
-
-impl Ord for FileNode {
-    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
-        self.get_name().cmp(other.get_name())
-    }
-}
-
-impl NamedNode for &FileNode {
-    fn get_name(&self) -> &bytes::Bytes {
-        &self.name
-    }
-}
-impl NamedNode for FileNode {
-    fn get_name(&self) -> &bytes::Bytes {
-        &self.name
-    }
 }
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/nodes/mod.rs b/tvix/castore/src/nodes/mod.rs
index bb8e14cf856e..47f39ae8f94a 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/nodes/mod.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/nodes/mod.rs
@@ -4,66 +4,17 @@ mod directory_node;
 mod file_node;
 mod symlink_node;
 
-use bytes::Bytes;
 pub use directory::Directory;
 pub use directory_node::DirectoryNode;
 pub use file_node::FileNode;
 pub use symlink_node::SymlinkNode;
 
 /// A Node is either a [DirectoryNode], [FileNode] or [SymlinkNode].
-/// While a Node by itself may have any name, only those matching specific requirements
-/// can can be added as entries to a [Directory] (see the documentation on [Directory] for details).
+/// Nodes themselves don't have names, what gives them names is either them
+/// being inside a [Directory], or a root node with its own name attached to it.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum Node {
     Directory(DirectoryNode),
     File(FileNode),
     Symlink(SymlinkNode),
 }
-
-impl Node {
-    /// Returns the node with a new name.
-    pub fn rename(self, name: Bytes) -> Self {
-        match self {
-            Node::Directory(n) => Node::Directory(n.rename(name)),
-            Node::File(n) => Node::File(n.rename(name)),
-            Node::Symlink(n) => Node::Symlink(n.rename(name)),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl PartialOrd for Node {
-    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
-        Some(self.cmp(other))
-    }
-}
-
-impl Ord for Node {
-    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
-        self.get_name().cmp(other.get_name())
-    }
-}
-
-/// NamedNode is implemented for [FileNode], [DirectoryNode] and [SymlinkNode]
-/// and [Node], so we can ask all of them for the name easily.
-pub trait NamedNode {
-    fn get_name(&self) -> &Bytes;
-}
-
-impl NamedNode for &Node {
-    fn get_name(&self) -> &Bytes {
-        match self {
-            Node::File(node_file) => node_file.get_name(),
-            Node::Directory(node_directory) => node_directory.get_name(),
-            Node::Symlink(node_symlink) => node_symlink.get_name(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-impl NamedNode for Node {
-    fn get_name(&self) -> &Bytes {
-        match self {
-            Node::File(node_file) => node_file.get_name(),
-            Node::Directory(node_directory) => node_directory.get_name(),
-            Node::Symlink(node_symlink) => node_symlink.get_name(),
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/nodes/symlink_node.rs b/tvix/castore/src/nodes/symlink_node.rs
index 2fac27231a85..6b9df96a5dd3 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/nodes/symlink_node.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/nodes/symlink_node.rs
@@ -1,50 +1,21 @@
-use crate::{NamedNode, ValidateNodeError};
+use crate::ValidateNodeError;
 
 /// A SymlinkNode represents a symbolic link in a Directory or at the root.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct SymlinkNode {
-    /// The (base)name of the symlink
-    name: bytes::Bytes,
     /// The target of the symlink.
     target: bytes::Bytes,
 }
 
 impl SymlinkNode {
-    pub fn new(name: bytes::Bytes, target: bytes::Bytes) -> Result<Self, ValidateNodeError> {
+    pub fn new(target: bytes::Bytes) -> Result<Self, ValidateNodeError> {
         if target.is_empty() || target.contains(&b'\0') {
             return Err(ValidateNodeError::InvalidSymlinkTarget(target));
         }
-        Ok(Self { name, target })
+        Ok(Self { target })
     }
 
     pub fn target(&self) -> &bytes::Bytes {
         &self.target
     }
-
-    pub(crate) fn rename(self, name: bytes::Bytes) -> Self {
-        Self { name, ..self }
-    }
-}
-
-impl PartialOrd for SymlinkNode {
-    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
-        Some(self.cmp(other))
-    }
-}
-
-impl Ord for SymlinkNode {
-    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
-        self.get_name().cmp(other.get_name())
-    }
-}
-
-impl NamedNode for &SymlinkNode {
-    fn get_name(&self) -> &bytes::Bytes {
-        &self.name
-    }
-}
-impl NamedNode for SymlinkNode {
-    fn get_name(&self) -> &bytes::Bytes {
-        &self.name
-    }
 }
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/path.rs b/tvix/castore/src/path.rs
index fb340478c08c..8a55e9f5a1d3 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/path.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/path.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@ impl Path {
         if !bytes.is_empty() {
             // Ensure all components are valid castore node names.
             for component in bytes.split_str(b"/") {
-                Directory::validate_node_name(component).ok()?;
+                if !Directory::is_valid_name(component) {
+                    return None;
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -211,7 +213,9 @@ impl PathBuf {
 
     /// Adjoins `name` to self.
     pub fn try_push(&mut self, name: &[u8]) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
-        Directory::validate_node_name(name).map_err(|_| std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData)?;
+        if !Directory::is_valid_name(name) {
+            return Err(std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData.into());
+        }
 
         if !self.inner.is_empty() {
             self.inner.push(b'/');
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/proto/grpc_directoryservice_wrapper.rs b/tvix/castore/src/proto/grpc_directoryservice_wrapper.rs
index e65145509184..62fdb34a25a0 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/proto/grpc_directoryservice_wrapper.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/proto/grpc_directoryservice_wrapper.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::directoryservice::{DirectoryGraph, DirectoryService, LeavesToRootValidator};
-use crate::{proto, B3Digest, ValidateDirectoryError};
+use crate::{proto, B3Digest, DirectoryError};
 use futures::stream::BoxStream;
 use futures::TryStreamExt;
 use std::ops::Deref;
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ where
         let mut validator = DirectoryGraph::<LeavesToRootValidator>::default();
         while let Some(directory) = req_inner.message().await? {
             validator
-                .add(directory.try_into().map_err(|e: ValidateDirectoryError| {
+                .add(directory.try_into().map_err(|e: DirectoryError| {
                     tonic::Status::new(tonic::Code::Internal, e.to_string())
                 })?)
                 .map_err(|e| tonic::Status::new(tonic::Code::Internal, e.to_string()))?;
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/proto/mod.rs b/tvix/castore/src/proto/mod.rs
index 8f8f3c08347a..7cb1cecd27fa 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/proto/mod.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/proto/mod.rs
@@ -5,12 +5,10 @@ use prost::Message;
 mod grpc_blobservice_wrapper;
 mod grpc_directoryservice_wrapper;
 
+use crate::{B3Digest, DirectoryError};
 pub use grpc_blobservice_wrapper::GRPCBlobServiceWrapper;
 pub use grpc_directoryservice_wrapper::GRPCDirectoryServiceWrapper;
 
-use crate::NamedNode;
-use crate::{B3Digest, ValidateDirectoryError, ValidateNodeError};
-
 tonic::include_proto!("tvix.castore.v1");
 
 #[cfg(feature = "tonic-reflection")]
@@ -71,168 +69,83 @@ impl Directory {
 /// Accepts a name, and a mutable reference to the previous name.
 /// If the passed name is larger than the previous one, the reference is updated.
 /// If it's not, an error is returned.
-fn update_if_lt_prev<'n>(
-    prev_name: &mut &'n [u8],
-    name: &'n [u8],
-) -> Result<(), ValidateDirectoryError> {
+fn update_if_lt_prev<'n>(prev_name: &mut &'n [u8], name: &'n [u8]) -> Result<(), DirectoryError> {
     if *name < **prev_name {
-        return Err(ValidateDirectoryError::WrongSorting(name.to_vec()));
+        return Err(DirectoryError::WrongSorting(bytes::Bytes::copy_from_slice(
+            name,
+        )));
     }
     *prev_name = name;
     Ok(())
 }
 
-impl TryFrom<&node::Node> for crate::Node {
-    type Error = ValidateNodeError;
-
-    fn try_from(node: &node::Node) -> Result<crate::Node, ValidateNodeError> {
-        Ok(match node {
-            node::Node::Directory(n) => crate::Node::Directory(n.try_into()?),
-            node::Node::File(n) => crate::Node::File(n.try_into()?),
-            node::Node::Symlink(n) => crate::Node::Symlink(n.try_into()?),
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<&Node> for crate::Node {
-    type Error = ValidateNodeError;
-
-    fn try_from(node: &Node) -> Result<crate::Node, ValidateNodeError> {
-        match node {
-            Node { node: None } => Err(ValidateNodeError::NoNodeSet),
-            Node { node: Some(node) } => node.try_into(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<&DirectoryNode> for crate::DirectoryNode {
-    type Error = ValidateNodeError;
-
-    fn try_from(node: &DirectoryNode) -> Result<crate::DirectoryNode, ValidateNodeError> {
-        crate::DirectoryNode::new(
-            node.name.clone(),
-            node.digest.clone().try_into()?,
-            node.size,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<&SymlinkNode> for crate::SymlinkNode {
-    type Error = ValidateNodeError;
-
-    fn try_from(node: &SymlinkNode) -> Result<crate::SymlinkNode, ValidateNodeError> {
-        crate::SymlinkNode::new(node.name.clone(), node.target.clone())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<&FileNode> for crate::FileNode {
-    type Error = ValidateNodeError;
-
-    fn try_from(node: &FileNode) -> Result<crate::FileNode, ValidateNodeError> {
-        crate::FileNode::new(
-            node.name.clone(),
-            node.digest.clone().try_into()?,
-            node.size,
-            node.executable,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
+// TODO: add a proper owned version here that moves various fields
 impl TryFrom<Directory> for crate::Directory {
-    type Error = ValidateDirectoryError;
+    type Error = DirectoryError;
 
-    fn try_from(directory: Directory) -> Result<crate::Directory, ValidateDirectoryError> {
-        (&directory).try_into()
+    fn try_from(value: Directory) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        (&value).try_into()
     }
 }
 
 impl TryFrom<&Directory> for crate::Directory {
-    type Error = ValidateDirectoryError;
+    type Error = DirectoryError;
 
-    fn try_from(directory: &Directory) -> Result<crate::Directory, ValidateDirectoryError> {
+    fn try_from(directory: &Directory) -> Result<crate::Directory, DirectoryError> {
         let mut dir = crate::Directory::new();
+
         let mut last_file_name: &[u8] = b"";
+
+        // TODO: this currently loops over all three types separately, rather
+        // than peeking and picking from where would be the next.
+
         for file in directory.files.iter().map(move |file| {
             update_if_lt_prev(&mut last_file_name, &file.name).map(|()| file.clone())
         }) {
             let file = file?;
-            dir.add(crate::Node::File((&file).try_into().map_err(|e| {
-                ValidateDirectoryError::InvalidNode(file.name.into(), e)
-            })?))?;
+
+            let (name, node) = Node {
+                node: Some(node::Node::File(file)),
+            }
+            .into_name_and_node()?;
+
+            dir.add(name, node)?;
         }
         let mut last_directory_name: &[u8] = b"";
         for directory in directory.directories.iter().map(move |directory| {
             update_if_lt_prev(&mut last_directory_name, &directory.name).map(|()| directory.clone())
         }) {
             let directory = directory?;
-            dir.add(crate::Node::Directory((&directory).try_into().map_err(
-                |e| ValidateDirectoryError::InvalidNode(directory.name.into(), e),
-            )?))?;
+
+            let (name, node) = Node {
+                node: Some(node::Node::Directory(directory)),
+            }
+            .into_name_and_node()?;
+
+            dir.add(name, node)?;
         }
         let mut last_symlink_name: &[u8] = b"";
         for symlink in directory.symlinks.iter().map(move |symlink| {
             update_if_lt_prev(&mut last_symlink_name, &symlink.name).map(|()| symlink.clone())
         }) {
             let symlink = symlink?;
-            dir.add(crate::Node::Symlink((&symlink).try_into().map_err(
-                |e| ValidateDirectoryError::InvalidNode(symlink.name.into(), e),
-            )?))?;
-        }
-        Ok(dir)
-    }
-}
 
-impl From<&crate::Node> for node::Node {
-    fn from(node: &crate::Node) -> node::Node {
-        match node {
-            crate::Node::Directory(n) => node::Node::Directory(n.into()),
-            crate::Node::File(n) => node::Node::File(n.into()),
-            crate::Node::Symlink(n) => node::Node::Symlink(n.into()),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<&crate::Node> for Node {
-    fn from(node: &crate::Node) -> Node {
-        Node {
-            node: Some(node.into()),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<&crate::DirectoryNode> for DirectoryNode {
-    fn from(node: &crate::DirectoryNode) -> DirectoryNode {
-        DirectoryNode {
-            digest: node.digest().clone().into(),
-            size: node.size(),
-            name: node.get_name().clone(),
-        }
-    }
-}
+            let (name, node) = Node {
+                node: Some(node::Node::Symlink(symlink)),
+            }
+            .into_name_and_node()?;
 
-impl From<&crate::FileNode> for FileNode {
-    fn from(node: &crate::FileNode) -> FileNode {
-        FileNode {
-            digest: node.digest().clone().into(),
-            size: node.size(),
-            name: node.get_name().clone(),
-            executable: node.executable(),
+            dir.add(name, node)?;
         }
-    }
-}
 
-impl From<&crate::SymlinkNode> for SymlinkNode {
-    fn from(node: &crate::SymlinkNode) -> SymlinkNode {
-        SymlinkNode {
-            name: node.get_name().clone(),
-            target: node.target().clone(),
-        }
+        Ok(dir)
     }
 }
 
+// TODO: add a proper owned version here that moves various fields
 impl From<crate::Directory> for Directory {
-    fn from(directory: crate::Directory) -> Directory {
-        (&directory).into()
+    fn from(value: crate::Directory) -> Self {
+        (&value).into()
     }
 }
 
@@ -241,16 +154,25 @@ impl From<&crate::Directory> for Directory {
         let mut directories = vec![];
         let mut files = vec![];
         let mut symlinks = vec![];
-        for node in directory.nodes() {
+
+        for (name, node) in directory.nodes() {
             match node {
-                crate::Node::File(n) => {
-                    files.push(n.into());
-                }
-                crate::Node::Directory(n) => {
-                    directories.push(n.into());
-                }
+                crate::Node::File(n) => files.push(FileNode {
+                    name: name.clone(),
+                    digest: n.digest().to_owned().into(),
+                    size: n.size(),
+                    executable: n.executable(),
+                }),
+                crate::Node::Directory(n) => directories.push(DirectoryNode {
+                    name: name.clone(),
+                    digest: n.digest().to_owned().into(),
+                    size: n.size(),
+                }),
                 crate::Node::Symlink(n) => {
-                    symlinks.push(n.into());
+                    symlinks.push(SymlinkNode {
+                        name: name.clone(),
+                        target: n.target().to_owned(),
+                    });
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -262,6 +184,67 @@ impl From<&crate::Directory> for Directory {
     }
 }
 
+impl Node {
+    /// Converts a proto [Node] to a [crate::Node], and splits off the name.
+    pub fn into_name_and_node(self) -> Result<(bytes::Bytes, crate::Node), DirectoryError> {
+        match self.node.ok_or_else(|| DirectoryError::NoNodeSet)? {
+            node::Node::Directory(n) => {
+                let digest = B3Digest::try_from(n.digest)
+                    .map_err(|e| DirectoryError::InvalidNode(n.name.to_owned(), e.into()))?;
+
+                let node = crate::Node::Directory(crate::DirectoryNode::new(digest, n.size));
+
+                Ok((n.name, node))
+            }
+            node::Node::File(n) => {
+                let digest = B3Digest::try_from(n.digest)
+                    .map_err(|e| DirectoryError::InvalidNode(n.name.to_owned(), e.into()))?;
+
+                let node = crate::Node::File(crate::FileNode::new(digest, n.size, n.executable));
+
+                Ok((n.name, node))
+            }
+
+            node::Node::Symlink(n) => {
+                let node = crate::Node::Symlink(
+                    crate::SymlinkNode::new(n.target)
+                        .map_err(|e| DirectoryError::InvalidNode(n.name.to_owned(), e))?,
+                );
+
+                Ok((n.name, node))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Construsts a [Node] from a name and [crate::Node].
+    pub fn from_name_and_node(name: bytes::Bytes, n: crate::Node) -> Self {
+        // TODO: make these pub(crate) so we can avoid cloning?
+        match n {
+            crate::Node::Directory(directory_node) => Self {
+                node: Some(node::Node::Directory(DirectoryNode {
+                    name,
+                    digest: directory_node.digest().to_owned().into(),
+                    size: directory_node.size(),
+                })),
+            },
+            crate::Node::File(file_node) => Self {
+                node: Some(node::Node::File(FileNode {
+                    name,
+                    digest: file_node.digest().to_owned().into(),
+                    size: file_node.size(),
+                    executable: file_node.executable(),
+                })),
+            },
+            crate::Node::Symlink(symlink_node) => Self {
+                node: Some(node::Node::Symlink(SymlinkNode {
+                    name,
+                    target: symlink_node.target().to_owned(),
+                })),
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl StatBlobResponse {
     /// Validates a StatBlobResponse. All chunks must have valid blake3 digests.
     /// It is allowed to send an empty list, if no more granular chunking is
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/proto/tests/directory.rs b/tvix/castore/src/proto/tests/directory.rs
index 7847b9c4c9cb..215bce7275dd 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/proto/tests/directory.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/proto/tests/directory.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::proto::{Directory, DirectoryNode, FileNode, SymlinkNode, ValidateDirectoryError};
+use crate::proto::{Directory, DirectoryError, DirectoryNode, FileNode, SymlinkNode};
 use crate::ValidateNodeError;
 
 use hex_literal::hex;
@@ -162,8 +162,8 @@ fn validate_invalid_names() {
             ..Default::default()
         };
         match crate::Directory::try_from(d).expect_err("must fail") {
-            ValidateDirectoryError::InvalidNode(n, ValidateNodeError::InvalidName(_)) => {
-                assert_eq!(n, b"")
+            DirectoryError::InvalidName(n) => {
+                assert_eq!(n.as_ref(), b"")
             }
             _ => panic!("unexpected error"),
         };
@@ -179,8 +179,8 @@ fn validate_invalid_names() {
             ..Default::default()
         };
         match crate::Directory::try_from(d).expect_err("must fail") {
-            ValidateDirectoryError::InvalidNode(n, ValidateNodeError::InvalidName(_)) => {
-                assert_eq!(n, b".")
+            DirectoryError::InvalidName(n) => {
+                assert_eq!(n.as_ref(), b".")
             }
             _ => panic!("unexpected error"),
         };
@@ -197,8 +197,8 @@ fn validate_invalid_names() {
             ..Default::default()
         };
         match crate::Directory::try_from(d).expect_err("must fail") {
-            ValidateDirectoryError::InvalidNode(n, ValidateNodeError::InvalidName(_)) => {
-                assert_eq!(n, b"..")
+            DirectoryError::InvalidName(n) => {
+                assert_eq!(n.as_ref(), b"..")
             }
             _ => panic!("unexpected error"),
         };
@@ -213,8 +213,8 @@ fn validate_invalid_names() {
             ..Default::default()
         };
         match crate::Directory::try_from(d).expect_err("must fail") {
-            ValidateDirectoryError::InvalidNode(n, ValidateNodeError::InvalidName(_)) => {
-                assert_eq!(n, b"\x00")
+            DirectoryError::InvalidName(n) => {
+                assert_eq!(n.as_ref(), b"\x00")
             }
             _ => panic!("unexpected error"),
         };
@@ -229,8 +229,8 @@ fn validate_invalid_names() {
             ..Default::default()
         };
         match crate::Directory::try_from(d).expect_err("must fail") {
-            ValidateDirectoryError::InvalidNode(n, ValidateNodeError::InvalidName(_)) => {
-                assert_eq!(n, b"foo/bar")
+            DirectoryError::InvalidName(n) => {
+                assert_eq!(n.as_ref(), b"foo/bar")
             }
             _ => panic!("unexpected error"),
         };
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ fn validate_invalid_digest() {
         ..Default::default()
     };
     match crate::Directory::try_from(d).expect_err("must fail") {
-        ValidateDirectoryError::InvalidNode(_, ValidateNodeError::InvalidDigestLen(n)) => {
+        DirectoryError::InvalidNode(_, ValidateNodeError::InvalidDigestLen(n)) => {
             assert_eq!(n, 2)
         }
         _ => panic!("unexpected error"),
@@ -275,8 +275,8 @@ fn validate_sorting() {
             ..Default::default()
         };
         match crate::Directory::try_from(d).expect_err("must fail") {
-            ValidateDirectoryError::WrongSorting(s) => {
-                assert_eq!(s, b"a");
+            DirectoryError::WrongSorting(s) => {
+                assert_eq!(s.as_ref(), b"a");
             }
             _ => panic!("unexpected error"),
         }
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ fn validate_sorting() {
             ..Default::default()
         };
         match crate::Directory::try_from(d).expect_err("must fail") {
-            ValidateDirectoryError::DuplicateName(s) => {
+            DirectoryError::DuplicateName(s) => {
                 assert_eq!(s, b"a");
             }
             _ => panic!("unexpected error"),
diff --git a/tvix/castore/src/tests/import.rs b/tvix/castore/src/tests/import.rs
index 5dff61782cf2..bbf28a2981bf 100644
--- a/tvix/castore/src/tests/import.rs
+++ b/tvix/castore/src/tests/import.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,11 @@ use crate::blobservice::{self, BlobService};
 use crate::directoryservice;
 use crate::fixtures::*;
 use crate::import::fs::ingest_path;
-use crate::proto;
 use crate::{DirectoryNode, Node, SymlinkNode};
 
 use tempfile::TempDir;
 
 #[cfg(target_family = "unix")]
-use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
-
-#[cfg(target_family = "unix")]
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn symlink() {
     let blob_service = blobservice::from_addr("memory://").await.unwrap();
@@ -34,9 +30,7 @@ async fn symlink() {
     .expect("must succeed");
 
     assert_eq!(
-        Node::Symlink(
-            SymlinkNode::new("doesntmatter".into(), "/nix/store/somewhereelse".into(),).unwrap()
-        ),
+        Node::Symlink(SymlinkNode::new("/nix/store/somewhereelse".into(),).unwrap()),
         root_node,
     )
 }
@@ -59,13 +53,12 @@ async fn single_file() {
     .expect("must succeed");
 
     assert_eq!(
-        proto::node::Node::File(proto::FileNode {
-            name: "root".into(),
-            digest: HELLOWORLD_BLOB_DIGEST.clone().into(),
-            size: HELLOWORLD_BLOB_CONTENTS.len() as u64,
-            executable: false,
-        }),
-        (&root_node).into(),
+        Node::File(crate::FileNode::new(
+            HELLOWORLD_BLOB_DIGEST.clone(),
+            HELLOWORLD_BLOB_CONTENTS.len() as u64,
+            false,
+        )),
+        root_node,
     );
 
     // ensure the blob has been uploaded
@@ -95,20 +88,10 @@ async fn complicated() {
 
     // ensure root_node matched expectations
     assert_eq!(
-        Node::Directory(
-            DirectoryNode::new(
-                tmpdir
-                    .path()
-                    .file_name()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .as_bytes()
-                    .to_owned()
-                    .into(),
-                DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.digest().clone(),
-                DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.size(),
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-        ),
+        Node::Directory(DirectoryNode::new(
+            DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.digest().clone(),
+            DIRECTORY_COMPLICATED.size(),
+        )),
         root_node,
     );