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diff --git a/third_party/immer/README.rst b/third_party/immer/README.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..afa2fecbb3bc --- /dev/null +++ b/third_party/immer/README.rst @@ -0,0 +1,225 @@ + +.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/arximboldi/immer.svg?branch=master + :target: https://travis-ci.org/arximboldi/immer + :alt: Travis Badge + +.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/arximboldi/immer/branch/master/graph/badge.svg + :target: https://codecov.io/gh/arximboldi/immer + :alt: CodeCov Badge + +.. image:: https://cdn.rawgit.com/arximboldi/immer/355a113782aedc2ea22463444014809269c2376d/doc/_static/sinusoidal-badge.svg + :target: https://sinusoid.al + :alt: Sinusoidal Engineering badge + :align: right + +.. raw:: html + + <img width="100%" src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/arximboldi/immer/3888170d247359cc0905eed548cd46897caef0f4/doc/_static/logo-front.svg" alt="Logotype"/> + +.. include:introduction/start + +**immer** is a library of persistent_ and immutable_ data structures +written in C++. These enable whole new kinds of architectures for +interactive and concurrent programs of striking simplicity, +correctness, and performance. + +.. _persistent: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_data_structure +.. _immutable: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immutable_object + +* **Documentation** (Contents_) +* **Code** (GitHub_) +* **CppCon'17 Talk**: *Postmodern Immutable Data Structures* (YouTube_, Slides_) +* **ICFP'17 Paper**: *Persistence for the masses* (Preprint_) + +.. _contents: https://sinusoid.es/immer/#contents +.. _github: https://github.com/arximboldi/immer +.. _youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPhpelUfu8Q +.. _slides: https://sinusoid.es/talks/immer-cppcon17 +.. _preprint: https://public.sinusoid.es/misc/immer/immer-icfp17.pdf + + + .. raw:: html + + <a href="https://www.patreon.com/sinusoidal"> + <img align="right" src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/arximboldi/immer/master/doc/_static/patreon.svg"> + </a> + + This library has full months of *pro bono* research and development + invested in it. This is just the first step in a long-term vision + of making interactive and concurrent C++ programs easier to + write. **Put your logo here and help this project's long term + sustainability by buying a sponsorship package:** immer@sinusoid.al + +.. include:index/end + +Example +------- + +.. github does not support the ``literalinclude`` directive. This + example is copy pasted from ``example/vector/intro.cpp`` + +.. code-block:: c++ + + #include <immer/vector.hpp> + int main() + { + const auto v0 = immer::vector<int>{}; + const auto v1 = v0.push_back(13); + assert(v0.size() == 0 && v1.size() == 1 && v1[0] == 13); + + const auto v2 = v1.set(0, 42); + assert(v1[0] == 13 && v2[0] == 42); + } +.. + + For a **complete example** check `Ewig, a simple didactic + text-editor <https://github.com/arximboldi/ewig>`_ built with this + library. You may also wanna check `Lager, a Redux-like library + <https://github.com/arximboldi/lager>`_ for writting interactive + software in C++ using a value-oriented design. + + +Why? +---- + +In the last few years, there has been a growing interest in immutable +data structures, motivated by the horizontal scaling of our processing +power and the ubiquity of highly interactive systems. Languages like +Clojure_ and Scala_ provide them by default, and implementations +for JavaScript like Mori_ and Immutable.js_ are widely used, +specially in combination with modern UI frameworks like React_. + +Interactivity + Thanks to *persistence* and *structural sharing*, new values can + be efficiently compared with old ones. This enables simpler ways of + *reasoning about change* that sit at the core of modern + interactive systems programming paradigms like `reactive + programming`_. + +Concurrency + Passing immutable data structures by value does not need to copy + any data. In the absence of mutation, data can be safely read + from multiple concurrent processes, and enable concurrency + patterns like `share by communicating`_ efficiently. + +Parallelism + Some recent immutable data structures have interesting properties + like :math:`O(log(n))` concatenation, which enable new kinds of + `parallelization algorithms`_. + +.. _clojure: http://clojure.org/reference/data_structures +.. _scala: http://docs.scala-lang.org/overviews/collections/overview.html + +.. _mori: https://swannodette.github.io/mori/ +.. _immutable.js: https://github.com/facebook/immutable-js +.. _react: https://facebook.github.io/react/ + +.. _reactive programming: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_programming +.. _share by communicating: https://blog.golang.org/share-memory-by-communicating +.. _parallelization algorithms: http://docs.scala-lang.org/overviews/parallel-collections/overview.html + +Features +-------- + +Idiomatic + This library doesn't pretend that it is written in Haskell. It + leverages features from recent standards to provide an API that is + both efficient and natural for a C++ developer. + +Performant + You use C++ because you need this. *Immer* implements state of + the art data structures with efficient cache utilization and have + been proven production ready in other languages. It also includes + our own improvements over that are only possible because of the + C++'s ability to abstract over memory layout. We monitor the + performance impact of every change by collecting `benchmark + results`_ directly from CI. + +.. _benchmark results: https://public.sinusoid.es/misc/immer/reports/ + +Customizable + We leverage templates and `policy-based design`_ to build + data-structures that can be adapted to work efficiently for + various purposes and architectures, for example, by choosing among + various `memory management strategies`. This turns + *immer* into a good foundation to provide immutable data + structures to higher level languages with a C runtime, like + Python_ or Guile_. + +.. _python: https://www.python.org/ +.. _guile: https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/ +.. _policy-based design: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy-based_design +.. _memory management strategies: https://sinusoid.es/immer/memory.html + +Dependencies +------------ + +This library is written in **C++14** and a compliant compiler is +necessary. It is `continuously tested`_ with Clang 3.8 and GCC 6, but +it might work with other compilers and versions. + +No external library is necessary and there are no other requirements. + +.. _continuously tested: https://travis-ci.org/arximboldi/immer + +Usage +----- + +This is a **header only** library. You can just copy the ``immer`` +subfolder somewhere in your *include path*. + +If you are using the `Nix package manager`_ (we strongly recommend it) +you can just:: + + nix-env -if https://github.com/arximboldi/immer/archive/master.tar.gz + +Alternatively, you can use `CMake`_ to install the library in your +system once you have manually cloned the repository:: + + mkdir -p build && cd build + cmake .. && sudo make install + +.. _nix package manager: https://nixos.org/nix +.. _cmake: https://cmake.org/ + +Development +----------- + +In order to develop the library, you will need to compile and run the +examples, tests and benchmarks. These require some additional tools. +The easiest way to install them is by using the `Nix package +manager`_. At the root of the repository just type:: + + nix-shell + +This will download all required dependencies and create an isolated +environment in which you can use these dependencies, without polluting +your system. + +Then you can proceed to generate a development project using `CMake`_:: + + mkdir build && cd build + cmake .. + +From then on, one may build and run all tests by doing:: + + make check + +In order to build and run all benchmarks when running ``make check``, +run ``cmake`` again with the option ``-DCHECK_BENCHMARKS=1``. The +results of running the benchmarks will be saved to a folder +``reports/`` in the project root. + +License +------- + +**This software is licensed under the Boost Software License 1.0**. + +.. image:: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Boost.png + :alt: Boost logo + :target: http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt + :align: right + +The full text of the license is can be accessed `via this link +<http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt>`_ and is also included +in the ``LICENSE`` file of this software package. |