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-From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Carl Baldwin <cnb@fc.hp.com>
-Subject: control access to branches.
-Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2005 23:55:32 -0800
-Message-ID: <7vfypumlu3.fsf@assigned-by-dhcp.cox.net>
-Abstract: An example hooks/update script is presented to
- implement repository maintenance policies, such as who can push
- into which branch and who can make a tag.
-Content-type: text/asciidoc
-
-How to use the update hook
-==========================
-
-When your developer runs git-push into the repository,
-git-receive-pack is run (either locally or over ssh) as that
-developer, so is hooks/update script.  Quoting from the relevant
-section of the documentation:
-
-    Before each ref is updated, if $GIT_DIR/hooks/update file exists
-    and executable, it is called with three parameters:
-
-           $GIT_DIR/hooks/update refname sha1-old sha1-new
-
-    The refname parameter is relative to $GIT_DIR; e.g. for the
-    master head this is "refs/heads/master".  Two sha1 are the
-    object names for the refname before and after the update.  Note
-    that the hook is called before the refname is updated, so either
-    sha1-old is 0{40} (meaning there is no such ref yet), or it
-    should match what is recorded in refname.
-
-So if your policy is (1) always require fast-forward push
-(i.e. never allow "git-push repo +branch:branch"), (2) you
-have a list of users allowed to update each branch, and (3) you
-do not let tags to be overwritten, then you can use something
-like this as your hooks/update script.
-
-[jc: editorial note.  This is a much improved version by Carl
-since I posted the original outline]
-
-----------------------------------------------------
-#!/bin/bash
-
-umask 002
-
-# If you are having trouble with this access control hook script
-# you can try setting this to true.  It will tell you exactly
-# why a user is being allowed/denied access.
-
-verbose=false
-
-# Default shell globbing messes things up downstream
-GLOBIGNORE=*
-
-function grant {
-  $verbose && echo >&2 "-Grant-		$1"
-  echo grant
-  exit 0
-}
-
-function deny {
-  $verbose && echo >&2 "-Deny-		$1"
-  echo deny
-  exit 1
-}
-
-function info {
-  $verbose && echo >&2 "-Info-		$1"
-}
-
-# Implement generic branch and tag policies.
-# - Tags should not be updated once created.
-# - Branches should only be fast-forwarded unless their pattern starts with '+'
-case "$1" in
-  refs/tags/*)
-    git rev-parse --verify -q "$1" &&
-    deny >/dev/null "You can't overwrite an existing tag"
-    ;;
-  refs/heads/*)
-    # No rebasing or rewinding
-    if expr "$2" : '0*$' >/dev/null; then
-      info "The branch '$1' is new..."
-    else
-      # updating -- make sure it is a fast-forward
-      mb=$(git merge-base "$2" "$3")
-      case "$mb,$2" in
-        "$2,$mb") info "Update is fast-forward" ;;
-	*)	  noff=y; info "This is not a fast-forward update.";;
-      esac
-    fi
-    ;;
-  *)
-    deny >/dev/null \
-    "Branch is not under refs/heads or refs/tags.  What are you trying to do?"
-    ;;
-esac
-
-# Implement per-branch controls based on username
-allowed_users_file=$GIT_DIR/info/allowed-users
-username=$(id -u -n)
-info "The user is: '$username'"
-
-if test -f "$allowed_users_file"
-then
-  rc=$(cat $allowed_users_file | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$' |
-    while read heads user_patterns
-    do
-      # does this rule apply to us?
-      head_pattern=${heads#+}
-      matchlen=$(expr "$1" : "${head_pattern#+}")
-      test "$matchlen" = ${#1} || continue
-
-      # if non-ff, $heads must be with the '+' prefix
-      test -n "$noff" &&
-      test "$head_pattern" = "$heads" && continue
-
-      info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
-      for user_pattern in $user_patterns; do
-        info "Checking user: '$username' against pattern: '$user_pattern'"
-        matchlen=$(expr "$username" : "$user_pattern")
-        if test "$matchlen" = "${#username}"
-        then
-          grant "Allowing user: '$username' with pattern: '$user_pattern'"
-        fi
-      done
-      deny "The user is not in the access list for this branch"
-    done
-  )
-  case "$rc" in
-    grant) grant >/dev/null "Granting access based on $allowed_users_file" ;;
-    deny)  deny  >/dev/null "Denying  access based on $allowed_users_file" ;;
-    *) ;;
-  esac
-fi
-
-allowed_groups_file=$GIT_DIR/info/allowed-groups
-groups=$(id -G -n)
-info "The user belongs to the following groups:"
-info "'$groups'"
-
-if test -f "$allowed_groups_file"
-then
-  rc=$(cat $allowed_groups_file | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$' |
-    while read heads group_patterns
-    do
-      # does this rule apply to us?
-      head_pattern=${heads#+}
-      matchlen=$(expr "$1" : "${head_pattern#+}")
-      test "$matchlen" = ${#1} || continue
-
-      # if non-ff, $heads must be with the '+' prefix
-      test -n "$noff" &&
-      test "$head_pattern" = "$heads" && continue
-
-      info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
-      for group_pattern in $group_patterns; do
-        for groupname in $groups; do
-          info "Checking group: '$groupname' against pattern: '$group_pattern'"
-          matchlen=$(expr "$groupname" : "$group_pattern")
-          if test "$matchlen" = "${#groupname}"
-          then
-            grant "Allowing group: '$groupname' with pattern: '$group_pattern'"
-          fi
-        done
-      done
-      deny "None of the user's groups are in the access list for this branch"
-    done
-  )
-  case "$rc" in
-    grant) grant >/dev/null "Granting access based on $allowed_groups_file" ;;
-    deny)  deny  >/dev/null "Denying  access based on $allowed_groups_file" ;;
-    *) ;;
-  esac
-fi
-
-deny >/dev/null "There are no more rules to check.  Denying access"
-----------------------------------------------------
-
-This uses two files, $GIT_DIR/info/allowed-users and
-allowed-groups, to describe which heads can be pushed into by
-whom.  The format of each file would look like this:
-
-    refs/heads/master   junio
-    +refs/heads/seen    junio
-    refs/heads/cogito$  pasky
-    refs/heads/bw/.*    linus
-    refs/heads/tmp/.*   .*
-    refs/tags/v[0-9].*  junio
-
-With this, Linus can push or create "bw/penguin" or "bw/zebra"
-or "bw/panda" branches, Pasky can do only "cogito", and JC can
-do master and "seen" branches and make versioned tags.  And anybody
-can do tmp/blah branches. The '+' sign at the "seen" record means
-that JC can make non-fast-forward pushes on it.