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-Git 2.27 Release Notes
-======================
-
-Updates since v2.26
--------------------
-
-Backward compatibility notes
-
- * When "git describe C" finds that commit C is pointed by a signed or
-   annotated tag, which records T as its tagname in the object, the
-   command gives T as its answer.  Even if the user renames or moves
-   such a tag from its natural location in the "refs/tags/" hierarchy,
-   "git describe C" would still give T as the answer, but in such a
-   case "git show T^0" would no longer work as expected.  There may be
-   nothing at "refs/tags/T" or even worse there may be a different tag
-   instead.
-
-   Starting from this version, "git describe" will always use the
-   "long" version, as if the "--long" option were given, when giving
-   its output based on such a misplaced tag to work around the problem.
-
- * "git pull" issues a warning message until the pull.rebase
-   configuration variable is explicitly given, which some existing
-   users may find annoying---those who prefer not to rebase need to
-   set the variable to false to squelch the warning.
-
- * The transport protocol version 2, which was promoted to the default
-   in Git 2.26 release, turned out to have some remaining rough edges,
-   so it has been demoted from the default.
-
-
-UI, Workflows & Features
-
- * A handful of options to configure SSL when talking to proxies have
-   been added.
-
- * Smudge/clean conversion filters are now given more information
-   (e.g. the object of the tree-ish in which the blob being converted
-   appears, in addition to its path, which has already been given).
-
- * When "git describe C" finds an annotated tag with tagname A to be
-   the best name to explain commit C, and the tag is stored in a
-   "wrong" place in the refs/tags hierarchy, e.g. refs/tags/B, the
-   command gave a warning message but used A (not B) to describe C.
-   If C is exactly at the tag, the describe output would be "A", but
-   "git rev-parse A^0" would not be equal as "git rev-parse C^0".  The
-   behavior of the command has been changed to use the "long" form
-   i.e. A-0-gOBJECTNAME, which is correctly interpreted by rev-parse.
-
- * "git pull" learned to warn when no pull.rebase configuration
-   exists, and neither --[no-]rebase nor --ff-only is given (which
-   would result a merge).
-
- * "git p4" learned four new hooks and also "--no-verify" option to
-   bypass them (and the existing "p4-pre-submit" hook).
-
- * "git pull" shares many options with underlying "git fetch", but
-   some of them were not documented and some of those that would make
-   sense to pass down were not passed down.
-
- * "git rebase" learned the "--no-gpg-sign" option to countermand
-   commit.gpgSign the user may have.
-
- * The output from "git format-patch" uses RFC 2047 encoding for
-   non-ASCII letters on From: and Subject: headers, so that it can
-   directly be fed to e-mail programs.  A new option has been added
-   to produce these headers in raw.
-
- * "git log" learned "--show-pulls" that helps pathspec limited
-   history views; a merge commit that takes the whole change from a
-   side branch, which is normally omitted from the output, is shown
-   in addition to the commits that introduce real changes.
-
- * The interactive input from various codepaths are consolidated and
-   any prompt possibly issued earlier are fflush()ed before we read.
-
- * Allow "git rebase" to reapply all local commits, even if the may be
-   already in the upstream, without checking first.
-
- * The 'pack.useSparse' configuration variable now defaults to 'true',
-   enabling an optimization that has been experimental since Git 2.21.
-
- * "git rebase" happens to call some hooks meant for "checkout" and
-   "commit" by this was not a designed behaviour than historical
-   accident.  This has been documented.
-
- * "git merge" learns the "--autostash" option.
-
- * "sparse-checkout" UI improvements.
-
- * "git update-ref --stdin" learned a handful of new verbs to let the
-   user control ref update transactions more explicitly, which helps
-   as an ingredient to implement two-phase commit-style atomic
-   ref-updates across multiple repositories.
-
- * "git commit-graph write" learned different ways to write out split
-   files.
-
- * Introduce an extension to the commit-graph to make it efficient to
-   check for the paths that were modified at each commit using Bloom
-   filters.
-
- * The approxidate parser learns to parse seconds with fraction and
-   ignore fractional part.
-
- * The userdiff patterns for Markdown documents have been added.
-
- * The sparse-checkout patterns have been forbidden from excluding all
-   paths, leaving an empty working tree, for a long time.  This
-   limitation has been lifted.
-
- * "git restore --staged --worktree" now defaults to take the contents
-   out of "HEAD", instead of erring out.
-
- * "git p4" learned to recover from a (broken) state where a directory
-   and a file are recorded at the same path in the Perforce repository
-   the same way as their clients do.
-
- * "git multi-pack-index repack" has been taught to honor some
-   repack.* configuration variables.
-
-
-Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
-
- * The advise API has been revamped to allow more systematic enumeration of
-   advice knobs in the future.
-
- * SHA-256 transition continues.
-
- * The code to interface with GnuPG has been refactored.
-
- * "git stash" has kept an escape hatch to use the scripted version
-   for a few releases, which got stale.  It has been removed.
-
- * Enable tests that require GnuPG on Windows.
-
- * Minor test usability improvement.
-
- * Trace2 enhancement to allow logging of the environment variables.
-
- * Test clean-up continues.
-
- * Perf-test update.
-
- * A Windows-specific test element has been made more robust against
-   misuse from both user's environment and programmer's errors.
-
- * Various tests have been updated to work around issues found with
-   shell utilities that come with busybox etc.
-
- * The config API made mixed uses of int and size_t types to represent
-   length of various pieces of text it parsed, which has been updated
-   to use the correct type (i.e. size_t) throughout.
-
- * The "--decorate-refs" and "--decorate-refs-exclude" options "git
-   log" takes have learned a companion configuration variable
-   log.excludeDecoration that sits at the lowest priority in the
-   family.
-
- * A new CI job to build and run test suite on linux with musl libc
-   has been added.
-
- * Update the CI configuration to use GitHub Actions, retiring the one
-   based on Azure Pipelines.
-
- * The directory traversal code had redundant recursive calls which
-   made its performance characteristics exponential with respect to
-   the depth of the tree, which was corrected.
-
- * "git blame" learns to take advantage of the "changed-paths" Bloom
-   filter stored in the commit-graph file.
-
- * The "bugreport" tool has been added.
-
- * The object walk with object filter "--filter=tree:0" can now take
-   advantage of the pack bitmap when available.
-
- * Instead of always building all branches at GitHub via Actions,
-   users can specify which branches to build.
-
- * Codepaths that show progress meter have been taught to also use the
-   start_progress() and the stop_progress() calls as a "region" to be
-   traced.
-
- * Instead of downloading Windows SDK for CI jobs for windows builds
-   from an external site (wingit.blob.core.windows.net), use the one
-   created in the windows-build job, to work around quota issues at
-   the external site.
-
-
-Fixes since v2.26
------------------
-
- * The real_path() convenience function can easily be misused; with a
-   bit of code refactoring in the callers' side, its use has been
-   eliminated.
-   (merge 49d3c4b481 am/real-path-fix later to maint).
-
- * Update "git p4" to work with Python 3.
-   (merge 6bb40ed20a yz/p4-py3 later to maint).
-
- * The mechanism to prevent "git commit" from making an empty commit
-   or amending during an interrupted cherry-pick was broken during the
-   rewrite of "git rebase" in C, which has been corrected.
-   (merge 430b75f720 pw/advise-rebase-skip later to maint).
-
- * Fix "git checkout --recurse-submodules" of a nested submodule
-   hierarchy.
-   (merge 846f34d351 pb/recurse-submodules-fix later to maint).
-
- * The "--fork-point" mode of "git rebase" regressed when the command
-   was rewritten in C back in 2.20 era, which has been corrected.
-   (merge f08132f889 at/rebase-fork-point-regression-fix later to maint).
-
- * The import-tars importer (in contrib/fast-import/) used to create
-   phony files at the top-level of the repository when the archive
-   contains global PAX headers, which made its own logic to detect and
-   omit the common leading directory ineffective, which has been
-   corrected.
-   (merge c839fcff65 js/import-tars-do-not-make-phony-files-from-pax-headers later to maint).
-
- * Simplify the commit ancestry connectedness check in a partial clone
-   repository in which "promised" objects are assumed to be obtainable
-   lazily on-demand from promisor remote repositories.
-   (merge 2b98478c6f jt/connectivity-check-optim-in-partial-clone later to maint).
-
- * The server-end of the v2 protocol to serve "git clone" and "git
-   fetch" was not prepared to see a delim packets at unexpected
-   places, which led to a crash.
-   (merge cacae4329f jk/harden-protocol-v2-delim-handling later to maint).
-
- * When fed a midx that records no objects, some codepaths tried to
-   loop from 0 through (num_objects-1), which, due to integer
-   arithmetic wrapping around, made it nonsense operation with out of
-   bounds array accesses.  The code has been corrected to reject such
-   an midx file.
-   (merge 796d61cdc0 dr/midx-avoid-int-underflow later to maint).
-
- * Utitiles run via the run_command() API were not spawned correctly
-   on Cygwin, when the paths to them are given as a full path with
-   backslashes.
-   (merge 05ac8582bc ak/run-command-on-cygwin-fix later to maint).
-
- * "git pull --rebase" tried to run a rebase even after noticing that
-   the pull results in a fast-forward and no rebase is needed nor
-   sensible, for the past few years due to a mistake nobody noticed.
-   (merge fbae70ddc6 en/pull-do-not-rebase-after-fast-forwarding later to maint).
-
- * "git rebase" with the merge backend did not work well when the
-   rebase.abbreviateCommands configuration was set.
-   (merge de9f1d3ef4 ag/rebase-merge-allow-ff-under-abbrev-command later to maint).
-
- * The logic to auto-follow tags by "git clone --single-branch" was
-   not careful to avoid lazy-fetching unnecessary tags, which has been
-   corrected.
-   (merge 167a575e2d jk/use-quick-lookup-in-clone-for-tag-following later to maint).
-
- * "git rebase -i" did not leave the reflog entries correctly.
-   (merge 1f6965f994 en/sequencer-reflog-action later to maint).
-
- * The more aggressive updates to remote-tracking branches we had for
-   the past 7 years or so were not reflected in the documentation,
-   which has been corrected.
-   (merge a44088435c pb/pull-fetch-doc later to maint).
-
- * We've left the command line parsing of "git log :/a/b/" broken for
-   about a full year without anybody noticing, which has been
-   corrected.
-   (merge 0220461071 jc/missing-ref-store-fix later to maint).
-
- * Misc fixes for Windows.
-   (merge 3efc128cd5 js/mingw-fixes later to maint).
-
- * "git rebase" (again) learns to honor "--no-keep-empty", which lets
-   the user to discard commits that are empty from the beginning (as
-   opposed to the ones that become empty because of rebasing).  The
-   interactive rebase also marks commits that are empty in the todo.
-   (merge 50ed76148a en/rebase-no-keep-empty later to maint).
-
- * Parsing the host part out of URL for the credential helper has been corrected.
-   (merge 4c5971e18a jk/credential-parsing-end-of-host-in-URL later to maint).
-
- * Document the recommended way to abort a failing test early (e.g. by
-   exiting a loop), which is to say "return 1".
-   (merge 7cc112dc95 jc/doc-test-leaving-early later to maint).
-
- * The code that refreshes the last access and modified time of
-   on-disk packfiles and loose object files have been updated.
-   (merge 312cd76130 lr/freshen-file-fix later to maint).
-
- * Validation of push certificate has been made more robust against
-   timing attacks.
-   (merge 719483e547 bc/constant-memequal later to maint).
-
- * The custom hash function used by "git fast-import" has been
-   replaced with the one from hashmap.c, which gave us a nice
-   performance boost.
-   (merge d8410a816b jk/fast-import-use-hashmap later to maint).
-
- * The "git submodule" command did not initialize a few variables it
-   internally uses and was affected by variable settings leaked from
-   the environment.
-   (merge 65d100c4dd lx/submodule-clear-variables later to maint).
-
- * Raise the minimum required version of docbook-xsl package to 1.74,
-   as 1.74.0 was from late 2008, which is more than 10 years old, and
-   drop compatibility cruft from our documentation suite.
-   (merge 3c255ad660 ma/doc-discard-docbook-xsl-1.73 later to maint).
-
- * "git log" learns "--[no-]mailmap" as a synonym to "--[no-]use-mailmap"
-   (merge 88acccda38 jc/log-no-mailmap later to maint).
-
- * "git commit-graph write --expire-time=<timestamp>" did not use the
-   given timestamp correctly, which has been corrected.
-   (merge b09b785c78 ds/commit-graph-expiry-fix later to maint).
-
- * Tests update to use "test-chmtime" instead of "touch -t".
-   (merge e892a56845 ds/t5319-touch-fix later to maint).
-
- * "git diff" in a partial clone learned to avoid lazy loading blob
-   objects in more casese when they are not needed.
-   (merge 95acf11a3d jt/avoid-prefetch-when-able-in-diff later to maint).
-
- * "git push --atomic" used to show failures for refs that weren't
-   even pushed, which has been corrected.
-   (merge dfe1b7f19c jx/atomic-push later to maint).
-
- * Code in builtin/*, i.e. those can only be called from within
-   built-in subcommands, that implements bulk of a couple of
-   subcommands have been moved to libgit.a so that they could be used
-   by others.
-   (merge 9460fd48b5 dl/libify-a-few later to maint).
-
- * Allowing the user to split a patch hunk while "git stash -p" does
-   not work well; a band-aid has been added to make this (partially)
-   work better.
-
- * "git diff-tree --pretty --notes" used to hit an assertion failure,
-   as it forgot to initialize the notes subsystem.
-   (merge 5778b22b3d tb/diff-tree-with-notes later to maint).
-
- * "git range-diff" fixes.
-   (merge 8d1675eb7f vd/range-diff-with-custom-pretty-format-fix later to maint).
-
- * "git grep" did not quote a path with unusual character like other
-   commands (like "git diff", "git status") do, but did quote when run
-   from a subdirectory, both of which has been corrected.
-   (merge 45115d8490 mt/grep-cquote-path later to maint).
-
- * GNU/Hurd is also among the ones that need the fopen() wrapper.
-   (merge 274a1328fb jc/gnu-hurd-lets-fread-read-dirs later to maint).
-
- * Those fetching over protocol v2 from linux-next and other kernel
-   repositories are reporting that v2 often fetches way too much than
-   needed.
-   (merge 11c7f2a30b jn/demote-proto2-from-default later to maint).
-
- * The upload-pack protocol v2 gave up too early before finding a
-   common ancestor, resulting in a wasteful fetch from a fork of a
-   project.  This has been corrected to match the behaviour of v0
-   protocol.
-   (merge 2f0a093dd6 jt/v2-fetch-nego-fix later to maint).
-
- * The build procedure did not use the libcurl library and its include
-   files correctly for a custom-built installation.
-   (merge 0573831950 jk/build-with-right-curl later to maint).
-
- * Tighten "git mailinfo" to notice and error out when decoded result
-   contains NUL in it.
-   (merge 3919997447 dd/mailinfo-with-nul later to maint).
-
- * Fix in-core inconsistency after fetching into a shallow repository
-   that broke the code to write out commit-graph.
-   (merge 37b9dcabfc tb/reset-shallow later to maint).
-
- * The commit-graph code exhausted file descriptors easily when it
-   does not have to.
-   (merge c8828530b7 tb/commit-graph-fd-exhaustion-fix later to maint).
-
- * The multi-pack-index left mmapped file descriptors open when it
-   does not have to.
-   (merge 6c7ff7cf7f ds/multi-pack-index later to maint).
-
- * Recent update to Homebrew used by macOS folks breaks build by
-   moving gettext library and necessary headers.
-   (merge a0b3108618 ds/build-homebrew-gettext-fix later to maint).
-
- * Incompatible options "--root" and "--fork-point" of "git rebase"
-   have been marked and documented as being incompatible.
-   (merge a35413c378 en/rebase-root-and-fork-point-are-incompatible later to maint).
-
- * Error and verbose trace messages from "git push" did not redact
-   credential material embedded in URLs.
-   (merge d192fa5006 js/anonymise-push-url-in-errors later to maint).
-
- * Update the parser used for credential.<URL>.<variable>
-   configuration, to handle <URL>s with '/' in them correctly.
-   (merge b44d0118ac bc/wildcard-credential later to maint).
-
- * Recent updates broke parsing of "credential.<url>.<key>" where
-   <url> is not a full URL (e.g. [credential "https://"] helper = ...)
-   stopped working, which has been corrected.
-   (merge 9a121b0d22 js/partial-urlmatch-2.17 later to maint).
-   (merge cd93e6c029 js/partial-urlmatch later to maint).
-
- * Some of the files commit-graph subsystem keeps on disk did not
-   correctly honor the core.sharedRepository settings and some were
-   left read-write.
-
- * In error messages that "git switch" mentions its option to create a
-   new branch, "-b/-B" options were shown, where "-c/-C" options
-   should be, which has been corrected.
-   (merge 7c16ef7577 dl/switch-c-option-in-error-message later to maint).
-
- * With the recent tightening of the code that is used to parse
-   various parts of a URL for use in the credential subsystem, a
-   hand-edited credential-store file causes the credential helper to
-   die, which is a bit too harsh to the users.  Demote the error
-   behaviour to just ignore and keep using well-formed lines instead.
-   (merge c03859a665 cb/credential-store-ignore-bogus-lines later to maint).
-
- * The samples in the credential documentation has been updated to
-   make it clear that we depict what would appear in the .git/config
-   file, by adding appropriate quotes as needed..
-   (merge 177681a07e jk/credential-sample-update later to maint).
-
- * "git branch" and other "for-each-ref" variants accepted multiple
-   --sort=<key> options in the increasing order of precedence, but it
-   had a few breakages around "--ignore-case" handling, and tie-breaking
-   with the refname, which have been fixed.
-   (merge 7c5045fc18 jk/for-each-ref-multi-key-sort-fix later to maint).
-
- * The coding guideline for shell scripts instructed to refer to a
-   variable with dollar-sign inside arithmetic expansion to work
-   around a bug in old versions of dash, which is a thing of the past.
-   Now we are not forbidden from writing $((var+1)).
-   (merge 32b5fe7f0e jk/arith-expansion-coding-guidelines later to maint).
-
- * The <stdlib.h> header on NetBSD brings in its own definition of
-   hmac() function (eek), which conflicts with our own and unrelated
-   function with the same name.  Our function has been renamed to work
-   around the issue.
-   (merge 3013118eb8 cb/avoid-colliding-with-netbsd-hmac later to maint).
-
- * The basic test did not honor $TEST_SHELL_PATH setting, which has
-   been corrected.
-   (merge 0555e4af58 cb/t0000-use-the-configured-shell later to maint).
-
- * Minor in-code comments and documentation updates around credential
-   API.
-   (merge 1aed817f99 cb/credential-doc-fixes later to maint).
-
- * Teach "am", "commit", "merge" and "rebase", when they are run with
-   the "--quiet" option, to pass "--quiet" down to "gc --auto".
-   (merge 7c3e9e8cfb jc/auto-gc-quiet later to maint).
-
- * The code to skip unmerged paths in the index when sparse checkout
-   is in use would have made out-of-bound access of the in-core index
-   when the last path was unmerged, which has been corrected.
-
- * Serving a "git fetch" client over "git://" and "ssh://" protocols
-   using the on-wire protocol version 2 was buggy on the server end
-   when the client needs to make a follow-up request to
-   e.g. auto-follow tags.
-   (merge 08450ef791 cc/upload-pack-v2-fetch-fix later to maint).
-
- * "git bisect replay" had trouble with input files when they used
-   CRLF line ending, which has been corrected.
-   (merge 6c722cbe5a cw/bisect-replay-with-dos later to maint).
-
- * "rebase -i" segfaulted when rearranging a sequence that has a
-   fix-up that applies another fix-up (which may or may not be a
-   fix-up of yet another step).
-   (merge 02471e7e20 js/rebase-autosquash-double-fixup-fix later to maint).
-
- * "git fsck" ensures that the paths recorded in tree objects are
-   sorted and without duplicates, but it failed to notice a case where
-   a blob is followed by entries that sort before a tree with the same
-   name.  This has been corrected.
-   (merge 9068cfb20f rs/fsck-duplicate-names-in-trees later to maint).
-
- * Code clean-up by removing a compatibility implementation of a
-   function we no longer use.
-   (merge 84b0115f0d cb/no-more-gmtime later to maint).
-
- * When a binary file gets modified and renamed on both sides of history
-   to different locations, both files would be written to the working
-   tree but both would have the contents from "ours".  This has been
-   corrected so that the path from each side gets their original content.
-
- * Fix for a copy-and-paste error introduced during 2.20 era.
-   (merge e68a5272b1 ds/multi-pack-verify later to maint).
-
- * Update an unconditional use of "grep -a" with a perl script in a test.
-   (merge 1eb7371236 dd/t5703-grep-a-fix later to maint).
-
- * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
-   (merge 564956f358 jc/maintain-doc later to maint).
-   (merge 7422b2a0a1 sg/commit-slab-clarify-peek later to maint).
-   (merge 9c688735f6 rs/doc-passthru-fetch-options later to maint).
-   (merge 757c2ba3e2 en/oidset-uninclude-hashmap later to maint).
-   (merge 8312aa7d74 jc/config-tar later to maint).
-   (merge d00a5bdd50 ss/submodule-foreach-cb later to maint).
-   (merge 64d1022e14 ar/test-style-fixes later to maint).
-   (merge 4a465443a6 ds/doc-clone-filter later to maint).
-   (merge bb2dbe301b jk/t3419-drop-expensive-tests later to maint).
-   (merge d3507cc712 js/test-junit-finalization-fix later to maint).
-   (merge 2149b6748f bc/faq later to maint).
-   (merge 12dc0879f1 jk/test-cleanup later to maint).
-   (merge 344420bf0f pb/rebase-doc-typofix later to maint).
-   (merge 7cd54d37dc dl/wrapper-fix-indentation later to maint).
-   (merge 78725ebda9 jc/allow-strlen-substitution-in-shell-scripts later to maint).
-   (merge 2ecfcdecc6 jm/gitweb-fastcgi-utf8 later to maint).
-   (merge 0740d0a5d3 jk/oid-array-cleanups later to maint).
-   (merge a1aba0c95c js/t0007-typofix later to maint).
-   (merge 76ba7fa225 ma/config-doc-fix later to maint).
-   (merge 826f0c0df2 js/subtree-doc-update-to-asciidoctor-2 later to maint).
-   (merge 88eaf361e0 eb/mboxrd-doc later to maint).
-   (merge 051cc54941 tm/zsh-complete-switch-restore later to maint).
-   (merge 39102cf4fe ms/doc-revision-illustration-fix later to maint).
-   (merge 4d9378bfad eb/gitweb-more-trailers later to maint).
-   (merge bdccbf7047 mt/doc-worktree-ref later to maint).
-   (merge ce9baf234f dl/push-recurse-submodules-fix later to maint).
-   (merge 4153274052 bc/doc-credential-helper-value later to maint).
-   (merge 5c7bb0146e jc/codingstyle-compare-with-null later to maint).