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-Git 2.16 Release Notes
-======================
-
-Backward compatibility notes and other notable changes.
-
- * Use of an empty string as a pathspec element that is used for
-   'everything matches' is now an error.
-
-
-Updates since v2.15
--------------------
-
-UI, Workflows & Features
-
- * An empty string as a pathspec element that means "everything"
-   i.e. 'git add ""', is now illegal.  We started this by first
-   deprecating and warning a pathspec that has such an element in
-   2.11 (Nov 2016).
-
- * A hook script that is set unexecutable is simply ignored.  Git
-   notifies when such a file is ignored, unless the message is
-   squelched via advice.ignoredHook configuration.
-
- * "git pull" has been taught to accept "--[no-]signoff" option and
-   pass it down to "git merge".
-
- * The "--push-option=<string>" option to "git push" now defaults to a
-   list of strings configured via push.pushOption variable.
-
- * "gitweb" checks if a directory is searchable with Perl's "-x"
-   operator, which can be enhanced by using "filetest 'access'"
-   pragma, which now we do.
-
- * "git stash save" has been deprecated in favour of "git stash push".
-
- * The set of paths output from "git status --ignored" was tied
-   closely with its "--untracked=<mode>" option, but now it can be
-   controlled more flexibly.  Most notably, a directory that is
-   ignored because it is listed to be ignored in the ignore/exclude
-   mechanism can be handled differently from a directory that ends up
-   to be ignored only because all files in it are ignored.
-
- * The remote-helper for talking to MediaWiki has been updated to
-   truncate an overlong pagename so that ".mw" suffix can still be
-   added.
-
- * The remote-helper for talking to MediaWiki has been updated to
-   work with mediawiki namespaces.
-
- * The "--format=..." option "git for-each-ref" takes learned to show
-   the name of the 'remote' repository and the ref at the remote side
-   that is affected for 'upstream' and 'push' via "%(push:remotename)"
-   and friends.
-
- * Doc and message updates to teach users "bisect view" is a synonym
-   for "bisect visualize".
-
- * "git bisect run" that did not specify any command to run used to go
-   ahead and treated all commits to be tested as 'good'.  This has
-   been corrected by making the command error out.
-
- * The SubmittingPatches document has been converted to produce an
-   HTML version via AsciiDoc/Asciidoctor.
-
- * We learned to optionally talk to a file system monitor via new
-   fsmonitor extension to speed up "git status" and other operations
-   that need to see which paths have been modified.  Currently we only
-   support "watchman".  See File System Monitor section of
-   git-update-index(1) for more detail.
-
- * The "diff" family of commands learned to ignore differences in
-   carriage return at the end of line.
-
- * Places that know about "sendemail.to", like documentation and shell
-   completion (in contrib/) have been taught about "sendemail.tocmd",
-   too.
-
- * "git add --renormalize ." is a new and safer way to record the fact
-   that you are correcting the end-of-line convention and other
-   "convert_to_git()" glitches in the in-repository data.
-
- * "git branch" and "git checkout -b" are now forbidden from creating
-   a branch whose name is "HEAD".
-
- * "git branch --list" learned to show its output through the pager by
-   default when the output is going to a terminal, which is controlled
-   by the pager.branch configuration variable.  This is similar to a
-   recent change to "git tag --list".
-
- * "git grep -W", "git diff -W" and their friends learned a heuristic
-   to extend a pre-context beyond the line that matches the "function
-   pattern" (aka "diff.*.xfuncname") to include a comment block, if
-   exists, that immediately precedes it.
-
- * "git config --expiry-date gc.reflogexpire" can read "2.weeks" from
-   the configuration and report it as a timestamp, just like "--int"
-   would read "1k" and report 1024, to help consumption by scripts.
-
- * The shell completion (in contrib/) learned that "git pull" can take
-   the "--autostash" option.
-
- * The tagnames "git log --decorate" uses to annotate the commits can
-   now be limited to subset of available refs with the two additional
-   options, --decorate-refs[-exclude]=<pattern>.
-
- * "git grep" compiled with libpcre2 sometimes triggered a segfault,
-   which is being fixed.
-
- * "git send-email" tries to see if the sendmail program is available
-   in /usr/lib and /usr/sbin; extend the list of locations to be
-   checked to also include directories on $PATH.
-
- * "git diff" learned, "--anchored", a variant of the "--patience"
-   algorithm, to which the user can specify which 'unique' line to be
-   used as anchoring points.
-
- * The way "git worktree add" determines what branch to create from
-   where and checkout in the new worktree has been updated a bit.
-
- * Ancient part of codebase still shows dots after an abbreviated
-   object name just to show that it is not a full object name, but
-   these ellipses are confusing to people who newly discovered Git
-   who are used to seeing abbreviated object names and find them
-   confusing with the range syntax.
-
- * With a configuration variable rebase.abbreviateCommands set,
-   "git rebase -i" produces the todo list with a single-letter
-   command names.
-
- * "git worktree add" learned to run the post-checkout hook, just like
-   "git checkout" does, after the initial checkout.
-
- * "git svn" has been updated to strip CRs in the commit messages, as
-   recent versions of Subversion rejects them.
-
- * "git imap-send" did not correctly quote the folder name when
-   making a request to the server, which has been corrected.
-
- * Error messages from "git rebase" have been somewhat cleaned up.
-
- * Git has been taught to support an https:// URL used for http.proxy
-   when using recent versions of libcurl.
-
- * "git merge" learned to pay attention to merge.verifySignatures
-   configuration variable and pretend as if '--verify-signatures'
-   option was given from the command line.
-
- * "git describe" was taught to dig trees deeper to find a
-   <commit-ish>:<path> that refers to a given blob object.
-
-
-Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
-
- * An earlier update made it possible to use an on-stack in-core
-   lockfile structure (as opposed to having to deliberately leak an
-   on-heap one).  Many codepaths have been updated to take advantage
-   of this new facility.
-
- * Calling cmd_foo() as if it is a general purpose helper function is
-   a no-no.  Correct two instances of such to set an example.
-
- * We try to see if somebody runs our test suite with a shell that
-   does not support "local" like bash/dash does.
-
- * An early part of piece-by-piece rewrite of "git bisect" in C.
-
- * GSoC to piece-by-piece rewrite "git submodule" in C.
-
- * Optimize the code to find shortest unique prefix of object names.
-
- * Pathspec-limited revision traversal was taught not to keep finding
-   unneeded differences once it knows two trees are different inside
-   given pathspec.
-
- * Conversion from uchar[20] to struct object_id continues.
-
- * Code cleanup.
-
- * A single-word "unsigned flags" in the diff options is being split
-   into a structure with many bitfields.
-
- * TravisCI build updates.
-
- * Parts of a test to drive the long-running content filter interface
-   has been split into its own module, hopefully to eventually become
-   reusable.
-
- * Drop (perhaps overly cautious) sanity check before using the index
-   read from the filesystem at runtime.
-
- * The build procedure has been taught to avoid some unnecessary
-   instability in the build products.
-
- * A new mechanism to upgrade the wire protocol in place is proposed
-   and demonstrated that it works with the older versions of Git
-   without harming them.
-
- * An infrastructure to define what hash function is used in Git is
-   introduced, and an effort to plumb that throughout various
-   codepaths has been started.
-
- * The code to iterate over loose object files got optimized.
-
- * An internal function that was left for backward compatibility has
-   been removed, as there is no remaining callers.
-
- * Historically, the diff machinery for rename detection had a
-   hardcoded limit of 32k paths; this is being lifted to allow users
-   trade cycles with a (possibly) easier to read result.
-
- * The tracing infrastructure has been optimized for cases where no
-   tracing is requested.
-
- * In preparation for implementing narrow/partial clone, the object
-   walking machinery has been taught a way to tell it to "filter" some
-   objects from enumeration.
-
- * A few structures and variables that are implementation details of
-   the decorate API have been renamed and then the API got documented
-   better.
-
- * Assorted updates for TravisCI integration.
-   (merge 4f26366679 sg/travis-fixes later to maint).
-
- * Introduce a helper to simplify code to parse a common pattern that
-   expects either "--key" or "--key=<something>".
-
- * "git version --build-options" learned to report the host CPU and
-   the exact commit object name the binary was built from.
-
-Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
-
-
-Fixes since v2.15
------------------
-
- * "auto" as a value for the columnar output configuration ought to
-   judge "is the output consumed by humans?" with the same criteria as
-   "auto" for coloured output configuration, i.e. either the standard
-   output stream is going to tty, or a pager is in use.  We forgot the
-   latter, which has been fixed.
-
- * The experimental "color moved lines differently in diff output"
-   feature was buggy around "ignore whitespace changes" edges, which
-   has been corrected.
-
- * Instead of using custom line comparison and hashing functions to
-   implement "moved lines" coloring in the diff output, use the pair
-   of these functions from lower-layer xdiff/ code.
-
- * Some codepaths did not check for errors when asking what branch the
-   HEAD points at, which have been fixed.
-
- * "git commit", after making a commit, did not check for errors when
-   asking on what branch it made the commit, which has been corrected.
-
- * "git status --ignored -u" did not stop at a working tree of a
-   separate project that is embedded in an ignored directory and
-   listed files in that other project, instead of just showing the
-   directory itself as ignored.
-
- * A broken access to object databases in recent update to "git grep
-   --recurse-submodules" has been fixed.
-
- * A recent regression in "git rebase -i" that broke execution of git
-   commands from subdirectories via "exec" instruction has been fixed.
-
- * A (possibly flakey) test fix.
-
- * "git check-ref-format --branch @{-1}" bit a "BUG()" when run
-   outside a repository for obvious reasons; clarify the documentation
-   and make sure we do not even try to expand the at-mark magic in
-   such a case, but still call the validation logic for branch names.
-
- * "git fetch --recurse-submodules" now knows that submodules can be
-   moved around in the superproject in addition to getting updated,
-   and finds the ones that need to be fetched accordingly.
-
- * Command line completion (in contrib/) update.
-
- * Description of blame.{showroot,blankboundary,showemail,date}
-   configuration variables have been added to "git config --help".
-
- * After an error from lstat(), diff_populate_filespec() function
-   sometimes still went ahead and used invalid data in struct stat,
-   which has been fixed.
-
- * UNC paths are also relevant in Cygwin builds and they are now
-   tested just like Mingw builds.
-
- * Correct start-up sequence so that a repository could be placed
-   immediately under the root directory again (which was broken at
-   around Git 2.13).
-
- * The credential helper for libsecret (in contrib/) has been improved
-   to allow possibly prompting the end user to unlock secrets that are
-   currently locked (otherwise the secrets may not be loaded).
-
- * MinGW updates.
-
- * Error checking in "git imap-send" for empty response has been
-   improved.
-
- * Recent update to the refs infrastructure implementation started
-   rewriting packed-refs file more often than before; this has been
-   optimized again for most trivial cases.
-
- * Some error messages did not quote filenames shown in it, which have
-   been fixed.
-
- * "git rebase -i" recently started misbehaving when a submodule that
-   is configured with 'submodule.<name>.ignore' is dirty; this has
-   been corrected.
-
- * Building with NO_LIBPCRE1_JIT did not disable it, which has been fixed.
-
- * We used to add an empty alternate object database to the system
-   that does not help anything; it has been corrected.
-
- * Doc update around use of "format-patch --subject-prefix" etc.
-
- * A fix for an ancient bug in "git apply --ignore-space-change" codepath.
-
- * Clarify and enhance documentation for "merge-base --fork-point", as
-   it was clear what it computed but not why/what for.
-
- * A few scripts (both in production and tests) incorrectly redirected
-   their error output.  These have been corrected.
-
- * "git notes" sent its error message to its standard output stream,
-   which was corrected.
-
- * The three-way merge performed by "git cherry-pick" was confused
-   when a new submodule was added in the meantime, which has been
-   fixed (or "papered over").
-
- * The sequencer machinery (used by "git cherry-pick A..B", and "git
-   rebase -i", among other things) would have lost a commit if stopped
-   due to an unlockable index file, which has been fixed.
-
- * "git apply --inaccurate-eof" when used with "--ignore-space-change"
-   triggered an internal sanity check, which has been fixed.
-
- * Command line completion (in contrib/) has been taught about the
-   "--copy" option of "git branch".
-
- * When "git rebase" prepared a mailbox of changes and fed it to "git
-   am" to replay them, it was confused when a stray "From " happened
-   to be in the log message of one of the replayed changes.  This has
-   been corrected.
-
- * There was a recent semantic mismerge in the codepath to write out a
-   section of a configuration section, which has been corrected.
-
- * Mentions of "git-rebase" and "git-am" (dashed form) still remained
-   in end-user visible strings emitted by the "git rebase" command;
-   they have been corrected.
-
- * Contrary to the documentation, "git pull -4/-6 other-args" did not
-   ask the underlying "git fetch" to go over IPv4/IPv6, which has been
-   corrected.
-
- * "git checkout --recursive" may overwrite and rewind the history of
-   the branch that happens to be checked out in submodule
-   repositories, which might not be desirable.  Detach the HEAD but
-   still allow the recursive checkout to succeed in such a case.
-   (merge 57f22bf997 sb/submodule-recursive-checkout-detach-head later to maint).
-
- * "git branch --set-upstream" has been deprecated and (sort of)
-   removed, as "--set-upstream-to" is the preferred one these days.
-   The documentation still had "--set-upstream" listed on its
-   synopsis section, which has been corrected.
-   (merge a060f3d3d8 tz/branch-doc-remove-set-upstream later to maint).
-
- * Internally we use 0{40} as a placeholder object name to signal the
-   codepath that there is no such object (e.g. the fast-forward check
-   while "git fetch" stores a new remote-tracking ref says "we know
-   there is no 'old' thing pointed at by the ref, as we are creating
-   it anew" by passing 0{40} for the 'old' side), and expect that a
-   codepath to locate an in-core object to return NULL as a sign that
-   the object does not exist.  A look-up for an object that does not
-   exist however is quite costly with a repository with large number
-   of packfiles.  This access pattern has been optimized.
-   (merge 87b5e236a1 jk/fewer-pack-rescan later to maint).
-
- * In addition to "git stash -m message", the command learned to
-   accept "git stash -mmessage" form.
-   (merge 5675473fcb ph/stash-save-m-option-fix later to maint).
-
- * @{-N} in "git checkout @{-N}" may refer to a detached HEAD state,
-   but the documentation was not clear about it, which has been fixed.
-   (merge 75ce149575 ks/doc-checkout-previous later to maint).
-
- * A regression in the progress eye-candy was fixed.
-   (merge 9c5951cacf jk/progress-delay-fix later to maint).
-
- * The code internal to the recursive merge strategy was not fully
-   prepared to see a path that is renamed to try overwriting another
-   path that is only different in case on case insensitive systems.
-   This does not matter in the current code, but will start to matter
-   once the rename detection logic starts taking hints from nearby
-   paths moving to some directory and moves a new path along with them.
-   (merge 4cba2b0108 en/merge-recursive-icase-removal later to maint).
-
- * An v2.12-era regression in pathspec match logic, which made it look
-   into submodule tree even when it is not desired, has been fixed.
-   (merge eef3df5a93 bw/pathspec-match-submodule-boundary later to maint).
-
- * Amending commits in git-gui broke the author name that is non-ascii
-   due to incorrect encoding conversion.
-
- * Recent update to the submodule configuration code broke "diff-tree"
-   by accidentally stopping to read from the index upfront.
-   (merge fd66bcc31f bw/submodule-config-cleanup later to maint).
-
- * Git shows a message to tell the user that it is waiting for the
-   user to finish editing when spawning an editor, in case the editor
-   opens to a hidden window or somewhere obscure and the user gets
-   lost.
-   (merge abfb04d0c7 ls/editor-waiting-message later to maint).
-
- * The "safe crlf" check incorrectly triggered for contents that does
-   not use CRLF as line endings, which has been corrected.
-   (merge 649f1f0948 tb/check-crlf-for-safe-crlf later to maint).
-
- * "git clone --shared" to borrow from a (secondary) worktree did not
-   work, even though "git clone --local" did.  Both are now accepted.
-   (merge b3b05971c1 es/clone-shared-worktree later to maint).
-
- * The build procedure now allows not just the repositories but also
-   the refs to be used to take pre-formatted manpages and html
-   documents to install.
-   (merge 65289e9dcd rb/quick-install-doc later to maint).
-
- * Update the shell prompt script (in contrib/) to strip trailing CR
-   from strings read from various "state" files.
-   (merge 041fe8fc83 ra/prompt-eread-fix later to maint).
-
- * "git merge -s recursive" did not correctly abort when the index is
-   dirty, if the merged tree happened to be the same as the current
-   HEAD, which has been fixed.
-
- * Bytes with high-bit set were encoded incorrectly and made
-   credential helper fail.
-   (merge 4c267f2ae3 jd/fix-strbuf-add-urlencode-bytes later to maint).
-
- * "git rebase -p -X<option>" did not propagate the option properly
-   down to underlying merge strategy backend.
-   (merge dd6fb0053c js/fix-merge-arg-quoting-in-rebase-p later to maint).
-
- * "git merge -s recursive" did not correctly abort when the index is
-   dirty, if the merged tree happened to be the same as the current
-   HEAD, which has been fixed.
-   (merge f309e8e768 ew/empty-merge-with-dirty-index-maint later to maint).
-
- * Other minor doc, test and build updates and code cleanups.
-   (merge 1a1fc2d5b5 rd/man-prune-progress later to maint).
-   (merge 0ba014035a rd/man-reflog-add-n later to maint).
-   (merge e54b63359f rd/doc-notes-prune-fix later to maint).
-   (merge ff4c9b413a sp/doc-info-attributes later to maint).
-   (merge 7db2cbf4f1 jc/receive-pack-hook-doc later to maint).
-   (merge 5a0526264b tg/t-readme-updates later to maint).
-   (merge 5e83cca0b8 jk/no-optional-locks later to maint).
-   (merge 826c778f7c js/hashmap-update-sample later to maint).
-   (merge 176b2d328c sg/setup-doc-update later to maint).
-   (merge 1b09073514 rs/am-builtin-leakfix later to maint).
-   (merge addcf6cfde rs/fmt-merge-msg-string-leak-fix later to maint).
-   (merge c3ff8f6c14 rs/strbuf-read-once-reset-length later to maint).
-   (merge 6b0eb884f9 db/doc-workflows-neuter-the-maintainer later to maint).
-   (merge 8c87bdfb21 jk/cvsimport-quoting later to maint).
-   (merge 176cb979fe rs/fmt-merge-msg-leakfix later to maint).
-   (merge 5a03360e73 tb/delimit-pretty-trailers-args-with-comma later to maint).
-   (merge d0e6326026 ot/pretty later to maint).
-   (merge 44103f4197 sb/test-helper-excludes later to maint).
-   (merge 170078693f jt/transport-no-more-rsync later to maint).
-   (merge c07b3adff1 bw/path-doc later to maint).
-   (merge bf9d7df950 tz/lib-git-svn-svnserve-tests later to maint).
-   (merge dec366c9a8 sr/http-sslverify-config-doc later to maint).
-   (merge 3f824e91c8 jk/test-suite-tracing later to maint).
-   (merge 1feb061701 db/doc-config-section-names-with-bs later to maint).
-   (merge 74dea0e13c jh/memihash-opt later to maint).
-   (merge 2e9fdc795c ma/bisect-leakfix later to maint).