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-Git v1.8.4 Release Notes
-========================
-
-Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
-------------------------------------------
-
-When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
-traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
-to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
-over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
-semantics that pushes:
-
- - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only
-   when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote
-   branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or
-
- - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you
-   are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from.
-
-Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to
-change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching"
-semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the
-traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early, you
-can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
-
-When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
-does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
-will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
-with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
-mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
-Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
-training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
-before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
-run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
-current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
-from today's version in such a situation.
-
-In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
-that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
-and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
-release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
-behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
-now before 2.0 is released.
-
-
-Updates since v1.8.3
---------------------
-
-Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports.
-
- * Cygwin port has been updated for more recent Cygwin 1.7.
-
- * "git rebase -i" now honors --strategy and -X options.
-
- * Git-gui has been updated to its 0.18.0 version.
-
- * MediaWiki remote helper (in contrib/) has been updated to use the
-   credential helper interface from Git.pm.
-
- * Update build for Cygwin 1.[57].  Torsten Bögershausen reports that
-   this is fine with Cygwin 1.7 (cf. <51A606A0.5060101@web.de>) so let's try moving it
-   ahead.
-
- * The credential helper to talk to keychain on OS X (in contrib/) has
-   been updated to kick in not just when talking http/https but also
-   imap(s) and smtp.
-
- * Remote transport helper has been updated to report errors and
-   maintain ref hierarchy used to keep track of its own state better.
-
- * With "export" remote-helper protocol, (1) a push that tries to
-   update a remote ref whose name is different from the pushing side
-   does not work yet, and (2) the helper may not know how to do
-   --dry-run; these problematic cases are disabled for now.
-
- * git-remote-hg/bzr (in contrib/) updates.
-
- * git-remote-mw (in contrib/) hints users to check the certificate,
-   when https:// connection failed.
-
- * git-remote-mw (in contrib/) adds a command to allow previewing the
-   contents locally before pushing it out, when working with a
-   MediaWiki remote.
-
-
-UI, Workflows & Features
-
- * Sample "post-receive-email" hook script got an enhanced replacement
-   "multimail" (in contrib/).
-
- * Also in contrib/ is a new "contacts" script that runs "git blame"
-   to find out the people who may be interested in a set of changes.
-
- * "git clean" command learned an interactive mode.
-
- * The "--head" option to "git show-ref" was only to add "HEAD" to the
-   list of candidate refs to be filtered by the usual rules
-   (e.g. "--heads" that only show refs under refs/heads).  The meaning
-   of the option has been changed to always show "HEAD" regardless of
-   what filtering will be applied to any other ref.
-
-   This is a backward incompatible change and might cause breakages to
-   people's existing scripts.
-
- * "git show -s" was less discoverable than it should have been.  It
-   now has a natural synonym "git show --no-patch".
-
- * "git check-mailmap" is a new command that lets you map usernames
-   and e-mail addresses through the mailmap mechanism, just like many
-   built-in commands do.
-
- * "git name-rev" learned to name an annotated tag object back to its
-   tagname; "git name-rev $(git rev-parse v1.0.0)" gives "tags/v1.0.0",
-   for example.
-
- * "git cat-file --batch-check=<format>" is added, primarily to allow
-   on-disk footprint of objects in packfiles (often they are a lot
-   smaller than their true size, when expressed as deltas) to be
-   reported.
-
- * "git rebase [-i]" used to leave just "rebase" as its reflog messages
-   for some operations. They have been reworded to be more informative.
-
- * In addition to the choice from "rebase, merge, or checkout-detach",
-   "submodule update" can allow a custom command to be used in to
-   update the working tree of submodules via the "submodule.*.update"
-   configuration variable.
-
- * "git submodule update" can optionally clone the submodule
-   repositories shallowly.
-
- * "git format-patch" learned "--from[=whom]" option, which sets the
-   "From: " header to the specified person (or the person who runs the
-   command, if "=whom" part is missing) and move the original author
-   information to an in-body From: header as necessary.
-
- * The configuration variable "merge.ff" was cleary a tri-state to
-   choose one from "favor fast-forward when possible", "always create
-   a merge even when the history could fast-forward" and "do not
-   create any merge, only update when the history fast-forwards", but
-   the command line parser did not implement the usual convention of
-   "last one wins, and command line overrides the configuration"
-   correctly.
-
- * "gitweb" learned to optionally place extra links that point at the
-   levels higher than the Gitweb pages themselves in the breadcrumbs,
-   so that it can be used as part of a larger installation.
-
- * "git log --format=" now honors i18n.logoutputencoding configuration
-   variable.
-
- * The "push.default=simple" mode of "git push" has been updated to
-   behave like "current" without requiring a remote tracking
-   information, when you push to a remote that is different from where
-   you fetch from (i.e. a triangular workflow).
-
- * Having multiple "fixup!" on a line in the rebase instruction sheet
-   did not work very well with "git rebase -i --autosquash".
-
- * "git log" learned the "--author-date-order" option, with which the
-   output is topologically sorted and commits in parallel histories
-   are shown intermixed together based on the author timestamp.
-
- * Various subcommands of "git submodule" refused to run from anywhere
-   other than the top of the working tree of the superproject, but
-   they have been taught to let you run from a subdirectory.
-
- * "git diff" learned a mode that ignores hunks whose change consists
-   only of additions and removals of blank lines, which is the same as
-   "diff -B" (ignore blank lines) of GNU diff.
-
- * "git rm" gives a single message followed by list of paths to report
-   multiple paths that cannot be removed.
-
- * "git rebase" can be told with ":/look for this string" syntax commits
-   to replay the changes onto and where the work to be replayed begins.
-
- * Many tutorials teach users to set "color.ui" to "auto" as the first
-   thing after you set "user.name/email" to introduce yourselves to
-   Git.  Now the variable defaults to "auto".
-
- * On Cygwin, "cygstart" is now recognised as a possible way to start
-   a web browser (used in "help -w" and "instaweb" among others).
-
- * "git status" learned status.branch and status.short configuration
-   variables to use --branch and --short options by default (override
-   with --no-branch and --no-short options from the command line).
-
- * "git cmd <name>", when <name> happens to be a 40-hex string,
-   directly uses the 40-hex string as an object name, even if a ref
-   "refs/<some hierarchy>/<name>" exists.  This disambiguation order
-   is unlikely to change, but we should warn about the ambiguity just
-   like we warn when more than one refs/ hierarchies share the same
-   name.
-
- * "git rebase" learned "--[no-]autostash" option to save local
-   changes instead of refusing to run (to which people's normal
-   response was to stash them and re-run).  This introduced a corner
-   case breakage to "git am --abort" but it has been fixed.
-
- * "check-ignore" (new feature since 1.8.2) has been updated to work
-   more like "check-attr" over bidi-pipes.
-
- * "git describe" learned "--first-parent" option to limit its closest
-   tagged commit search to the first-parent chain.
-
- * "git merge foo" that might have meant "git merge origin/foo" is
-   diagnosed with a more informative error message.
-
- * "git log -L<line>,<range>:<filename>" has been added.  This may
-   still have leaks and rough edges, though.
-
- * We used the approxidate() parser for "--expire=<timestamp>" options
-   of various commands, but it is better to treat --expire=all and
-   --expire=now a bit more specially than using the current timestamp.
-   "git gc" and "git reflog" have been updated with a new parsing
-   function for expiry dates.
-
- * Updates to completion (both bash and zsh) helpers.
-
- * The behaviour of the "--chain-reply-to" option of "git send-email"
-   have changed at 1.7.0, and we added a warning/advice message to
-   help users adjust to the new behaviour back then, but we kept it
-   around for too long.  The message has finally been removed.
-
- * "git fetch origin master" unlike "git fetch origin" or "git fetch"
-   did not update "refs/remotes/origin/master"; this was an early
-   design decision to keep the update of remote tracking branches
-   predictable, but in practice it turns out that people find it more
-   convenient to opportunistically update them whenever we have a
-   chance, and we have been updating them when we run "git push" which
-   already breaks the original "predictability" anyway.
-
- * The configuration variable core.checkstat was advertised in the
-   documentation but the code expected core.statinfo instead.
-   For now, we accept both core.checkstat and core.statinfo, but the
-   latter will be removed in the longer term.
-
-
-Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
-
- * On Cygwin, we used to use our own lstat(2) emulation that is
-   allegedly faster than the platform one in codepaths where some of
-   the information it returns did not matter, but it started to bite
-   us in a few codepaths where the trick it uses to cheat does show
-   breakages. This emulation has been removed and we use the native
-   lstat(2) emulation supplied by Cygwin now.
-
- * The function attributes extensions are used to catch mistakes in
-   use of our own variadic functions that use NULL sentinel at the end
-   (i.e. like execl(3)) and format strings (i.e. like printf(3)).
-
- * The code to allow configuration data to be read from in-tree blob
-   objects is in.  This may help working in a bare repository and
-   submodule updates.
-
- * Fetching between repositories with many refs employed O(n^2)
-   algorithm to match up the common objects, which has been corrected.
-
- * The original way to specify remote repository using .git/branches/
-   used to have a nifty feature.  The code to support the feature was
-   still in a function but the caller was changed not to call it 5
-   years ago, breaking that feature and leaving the supporting code
-   unreachable.  The dead code has been removed.
-
- * "git pack-refs" that races with new ref creation or deletion have
-   been susceptible to lossage of refs under right conditions, which
-   has been tightened up.
-
- * We read loose and packed references in two steps, but after
-   deciding to read a loose ref but before actually opening it to read
-   it, another process racing with us can unlink it, which would cause
-   us to barf.  The codepath has been updated to retry when such a
-   race is detected, instead of outright failing.
-
- * Uses of the platform fnmatch(3) function (many places in the code,
-   matching pathspec, .gitignore and .gitattributes to name a few)
-   have been replaced with wildmatch, allowing "foo/**/bar" that would
-   match foo/bar, foo/a/bar, foo/a/b/bar, etc.
-
- * Memory ownership and lifetime rules for what for-each-ref feeds to
-   its callbacks have been clarified (in short, "you do not own it, so
-   make a copy if you want to keep it").
-
- * The revision traversal logic to improve culling of irrelevant
-   parents while traversing a mergy history has been updated.
-
- * Some leaks in unpack-trees (used in merge, cherry-pick and other
-   codepaths) have been plugged.
-
- * The codepath to read from marks files in fast-import/export did not
-   have to accept anything but 40-hex representation of the object
-   name.  Further, fast-export did not need full in-core object
-   representation to have parsed wen reading from them.  These
-   codepaths have been optimized by taking advantage of these access
-   patterns.
-
- * Object lookup logic, when the object hashtable starts to become
-   crowded, has been optimized.
-
- * When TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY setting is used, it was handled somewhat
-   inconsistently between the test framework and t/Makefile, and logic
-   to summarize the results looked at a wrong place.
-
- * "git clone" uses a lighter-weight implementation when making sure
-   that the history behind refs are complete.
-
- * Many warnings from sparse source checker in compat/ area has been
-   squelched.
-
- * The code to reading and updating packed-refs file has been updated,
-   correcting corner case bugs.
-
-
-Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
-
-
-Fixes since v1.8.3
-------------------
-
-Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.3 in the maintenance
-track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
-details).
-
- * Newer Net::SMTP::SSL module does not want the user programs to use
-   the default behaviour to let server certificate go without
-   verification, so by default enable the verification with a
-   mechanism to turn it off if needed.
-   (merge 35035bb rr/send-email-ssl-verify later to maint).
-
- * When "git" is spawned in such a way that any of the low 3 file
-   descriptors is closed, our first open() may yield file descriptor 2,
-   and writing error message to it would screw things up in a big way.
-   (merge a11c396 tr/protect-low-3-fds later to maint).
-
- * The mailmap mechanism unnecessarily downcased the e-mail addresses
-   in the output, and also ignored the human name when it is a single
-   character name.
-   (merge bd23794 jc/mailmap-case-insensitivity later to maint).
-
- * In two places we did not check return value (expected to be a file
-   descriptor) correctly.
-   (merge a77f106 tr/fd-gotcha-fixes later to maint).
-
- * Logic to auto-detect character encodings in the commit log message
-   did not reject overlong and invalid UTF-8 characters.
-   (merge 81050ac bc/commit-invalid-utf8 later to maint).
-
- * Pass port number as a separate argument when "send-email" initializes
-   Net::SMTP, instead of as a part of the hostname, i.e. host:port.
-   This allows GSSAPI codepath to match with the hostname given.
-   (merge 1a741bf bc/send-email-use-port-as-separate-param later to maint).
-
- * "git diff" refused to even show difference when core.safecrlf is
-   set to true (i.e. error out) and there are offending lines in the
-   working tree files.
-   (merge 5430bb2 jc/maint-diff-core-safecrlf later to maint).
-
- * A test that should have failed but didn't revealed a bug that needs
-   to be corrected.
-   (merge 94d75d1 jc/t1512-fix later to maint).
-
- * An overlong path to a .git directory may have overflown the
-   temporary path buffer used to create a name for lockfiles.
-   (merge 2fbd4f9 mh/maint-lockfile-overflow later to maint).
-
- * Invocations of "git checkout" used internally by "git rebase" were
-   counted as "checkout", and affected later "git checkout -" to the
-   the user to an unexpected place.
-   (merge 3bed291 rr/rebase-checkout-reflog later to maint).
-
- * The configuration variable column.ui was poorly documented.
-   (merge 5e62cc1 rr/column-doc later to maint).
-
- * "git name-rev --refs=tags/v*" were forbidden, which was a bit
-   inconvenient (you had to give a pattern to match refs fully, like
-   --refs=refs/tags/v*).
-   (merge 98c5c4a nk/name-rev-abbreviated-refs later to maint).
-
- * "git apply" parsed patches that add new files, generated by
-   programs other than Git, incorrectly.  This is an old breakage in
-   v1.7.11 and will need to be merged down to the maintenance tracks.
-
- * Older cURL wanted piece of memory we call it with to be stable, but
-   we updated the auth material after handing it to a call.
-
- * "git pull" into nothing trashed "local changes" that were in the
-   index, and this avoids it.
-
- * Many "git submodule" operations do not work on a submodule at a
-   path whose name is not in ASCII.
-
- * "cherry-pick" had a small leak in an error codepath.
-
- * Logic used by git-send-email to suppress cc mishandled names like
-   "A U. Thor" <author@example.xz>, where the human readable part
-   needs to be quoted (the user input may not have the double quotes
-   around the name, and comparison was done between quoted and
-   unquoted strings).  It also mishandled names that need RFC2047
-   quoting.
-
- * Call to discard_cache/discard_index (used when we use different
-   contents of the index in-core, in many operations like commit,
-   apply, and merge) used to leak memory that held the array of index
-   entries, which has been plugged.
-   (merge a0fc4db rs/discard-index-discard-array later to maint).
-
- * "gitweb" forgot to clear a global variable $search_regexp upon each
-   request, mistakenly carrying over the previous search to a new one
-   when used as a persistent CGI.
-
- * The wildmatch engine did not honor WM_CASEFOLD option correctly.
-
- * "git log -c --follow $path" segfaulted upon hitting the commit that
-   renamed the $path being followed.
-
- * When a reflog notation is used for implicit "current branch", we
-   did not say which branch and worse said "branch ''".
-
- * "difftool --dir-diff" did not copy back changes made by the
-   end-user in the diff tool backend to the working tree in some
-   cases.
-
- * "git push $there HEAD:branch" did not resolve HEAD early enough, so
-   it was easy to flip it around while push is still going on and push
-   out a branch that the user did not originally intended when the
-   command was started.
-
- * The bash prompt code (in contrib/) displayed the name of the branch
-   being rebased when "rebase -i/-m/-p" modes are in use, but not the
-   plain vanilla "rebase".
-
- * Handling of negative exclude pattern for directories "!dir" was
-   broken in the update to v1.8.3.
-
- * zsh prompt script that borrowed from bash prompt script did not
-   work due to slight differences in array variable notation between
-   these two shells.
-
- * An entry for "file://" scheme in the enumeration of URL types Git
-   can take in the HTML documentation was made into a clickable link
-   by mistake.
-
- * "git push --[no-]verify" was not documented.
-
- * Stop installing the git-remote-testpy script that is only used for
-   testing.
-
- * "git commit --allow-empty-message -m ''" should not start an
-   editor.
-
- * "git merge @{-1}~22" was rewritten to "git merge frotz@{1}~22"
-   incorrectly when your previous branch was "frotz" (it should be
-   rewritten to "git merge frotz~22" instead).
-
- * "git diff -c -p" was not showing a deleted line from a hunk when
-   another hunk immediately begins where the earlier one ends.
-
- * "git log --ancestry-path A...B" did not work as expected, as it did
-   not pay attention to the fact that the merge base between A and B
-   was the bottom of the range being specified.
-
- * Mac OS X does not like to write(2) more than INT_MAX number of
-   bytes; work it around by chopping write(2) into smaller pieces.
-
- * Newer MacOS X encourages the programs to compile and link with
-   their CommonCrypto, not with OpenSSL.
-
- * "git clone foo/bar:baz" cannot be a request to clone from a remote
-   over git-over-ssh specified in the scp style.  This case is now
-   detected and clones from a local repository at "foo/bar:baz".
-
- * When $HOME is misconfigured to point at an unreadable directory, we
-   used to complain and die. Loosen the check.
-
- * "git subtree" (in contrib/) had one codepath with loose error
-   checks to lose data at the remote side.
-
- * "git fetch" into a shallow repository from a repository that does
-   not know about the shallow boundary commits (e.g. a different fork
-   from the repository the current shallow repository was cloned from)
-   did not work correctly.
-
- * "git checkout foo" DWIMs the intended "upstream" and turns it into
-   "git checkout -t -b foo remotes/origin/foo". This codepath has been
-   updated to correctly take existing remote definitions into account.