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-GIT v1.5.0 Release Notes
-========================
-
-Old news
---------
-
-This section is for people who are upgrading from ancient
-versions of git.  Although all of the changes in this section
-happened before the current v1.4.4 release, they are summarized
-here in the v1.5.0 release notes for people who skipped earlier
-versions.
-
-As of git v1.5.0 there are some optional features that changes
-the repository to allow data to be stored and transferred more
-efficiently.  These features are not enabled by default, as they
-will make the repository unusable with older versions of git.
-Specifically, the available options are:
-
- - There is a configuration variable core.legacyheaders that
-   changes the format of loose objects so that they are more
-   efficient to pack and to send out of the repository over git
-   native protocol, since v1.4.2.  However, loose objects
-   written in the new format cannot be read by git older than
-   that version; people fetching from your repository using
-   older clients over dumb transports (e.g. http) using older
-   versions of git will also be affected.
-
-   To let git use the new loose object format, you have to
-   set core.legacyheaders to false.
-
- - Since v1.4.3, configuration repack.usedeltabaseoffset allows
-   packfile to be created in more space efficient format, which
-   cannot be read by git older than that version.
-
-   To let git use the new format for packfiles, you have to
-   set repack.usedeltabaseoffset to true.
-
-The above two new features are not enabled by default and you
-have to explicitly ask for them, because they make repositories
-unreadable by older versions of git, and in v1.5.0 we still do
-not enable them by default for the same reason.  We will change
-this default probably 1 year after 1.4.2's release, when it is
-reasonable to expect everybody to have new enough version of
-git.
-
- - 'git pack-refs' appeared in v1.4.4; this command allows tags
-   to be accessed much more efficiently than the traditional
-   'one-file-per-tag' format.  Older git-native clients can
-   still fetch from a repository that packed and pruned refs
-   (the server side needs to run the up-to-date version of git),
-   but older dumb transports cannot.  Packing of refs is done by
-   an explicit user action, either by use of "git pack-refs
-   --prune" command or by use of "git gc" command.
-
- - 'git -p' to paginate anything -- many commands do pagination
-   by default on a tty.  Introduced between v1.4.1 and v1.4.2;
-   this may surprise old timers.
-
- - 'git archive' superseded 'git tar-tree' in v1.4.3;
-
- - 'git cvsserver' was new invention in v1.3.0;
-
- - 'git repo-config', 'git grep', 'git rebase' and 'gitk' were
-   seriously enhanced during v1.4.0 timeperiod.
-
- - 'gitweb' became part of git.git during v1.4.0 timeperiod and
-   seriously modified since then.
-
- - reflog is an v1.4.0 invention.  This allows you to name a
-   revision that a branch used to be at (e.g. "git diff
-   master@{yesterday} master" allows you to see changes since
-   yesterday's tip of the branch).
-
-
-Updates in v1.5.0 since v1.4.4 series
--------------------------------------
-
-* Index manipulation
-
- - git-add is to add contents to the index (aka "staging area"
-   for the next commit), whether the file the contents happen to
-   be is an existing one or a newly created one.
-
- - git-add without any argument does not add everything
-   anymore.  Use 'git-add .' instead.  Also you can add
-   otherwise ignored files with an -f option.
-
- - git-add tries to be more friendly to users by offering an
-   interactive mode ("git-add -i").
-
- - git-commit <path> used to refuse to commit if <path> was
-   different between HEAD and the index (i.e. update-index was
-   used on it earlier).  This check was removed.
-
- - git-rm is much saner and safer.  It is used to remove paths
-   from both the index file and the working tree, and makes sure
-   you are not losing any local modification before doing so.
-
- - git-reset <tree> <paths>... can be used to revert index
-   entries for selected paths.
-
- - git-update-index is much less visible.  Many suggestions to
-   use the command in git output and documentation have now been
-   replaced by simpler commands such as "git add" or "git rm".
-
-
-* Repository layout and objects transfer
-
- - The data for origin repository is stored in the configuration
-   file $GIT_DIR/config, not in $GIT_DIR/remotes/, for newly
-   created clones.  The latter is still supported and there is
-   no need to convert your existing repository if you are
-   already comfortable with your workflow with the layout.
-
- - git-clone always uses what is known as "separate remote"
-   layout for a newly created repository with a working tree.
-
-   A repository with the separate remote layout starts with only
-   one default branch, 'master', to be used for your own
-   development.  Unlike the traditional layout that copied all
-   the upstream branches into your branch namespace (while
-   renaming their 'master' to your 'origin'), the new layout
-   puts upstream branches into local "remote-tracking branches"
-   with their own namespace. These can be referenced with names
-   such as "origin/$upstream_branch_name" and are stored in
-   .git/refs/remotes rather than .git/refs/heads where normal
-   branches are stored.
-
-   This layout keeps your own branch namespace less cluttered,
-   avoids name collision with your upstream, makes it possible
-   to automatically track new branches created at the remote
-   after you clone from it, and makes it easier to interact with
-   more than one remote repository (you can use "git remote" to
-   add other repositories to track).  There might be some
-   surprises:
-
-   * 'git branch' does not show the remote tracking branches.
-     It only lists your own branches.  Use '-r' option to view
-     the tracking branches.
-
-   * If you are forking off of a branch obtained from the
-     upstream, you would have done something like 'git branch
-     my-next next', because traditional layout dropped the
-     tracking branch 'next' into your own branch namespace.
-     With the separate remote layout, you say 'git branch next
-     origin/next', which allows you to use the matching name
-     'next' for your own branch.  It also allows you to track a
-     remote other than 'origin' (i.e. where you initially cloned
-     from) and fork off of a branch from there the same way
-     (e.g. "git branch mingw j6t/master").
-
-   Repositories initialized with the traditional layout continue
-   to work.
-
- - New branches that appear on the origin side after a clone is
-   made are also tracked automatically.  This is done with an
-   wildcard refspec "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*", which
-   older git does not understand, so if you clone with 1.5.0,
-   you would need to downgrade remote.*.fetch in the
-   configuration file to specify each branch you are interested
-   in individually if you plan to fetch into the repository with
-   older versions of git (but why would you?).
-
- - Similarly, wildcard refspec "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/me/*"
-   can be given to "git-push" command to update the tracking
-   branches that is used to track the repository you are pushing
-   from on the remote side.
-
- - git-branch and git-show-branch know remote tracking branches
-   (use the command line switch "-r" to list only tracked branches).
-
- - git-push can now be used to delete a remote branch or a tag.
-   This requires the updated git on the remote side (use "git
-   push <remote> :refs/heads/<branch>" to delete "branch").
-
- - git-push more aggressively keeps the transferred objects
-   packed.  Earlier we recommended to monitor amount of loose
-   objects and repack regularly, but you should repack when you
-   accumulated too many small packs this way as well.  Updated
-   git-count-objects helps you with this.
-
- - git-fetch also more aggressively keeps the transferred objects
-   packed.  This behavior of git-push and git-fetch can be
-   tweaked with a single configuration transfer.unpacklimit (but
-   usually there should not be any need for a user to tweak it).
-
- - A new command, git-remote, can help you manage your remote
-   tracking branch definitions.
-
- - You may need to specify explicit paths for upload-pack and/or
-   receive-pack due to your ssh daemon configuration on the
-   other end.  This can now be done via remote.*.uploadpack and
-   remote.*.receivepack configuration.
-
-
-* Bare repositories
-
- - Certain commands change their behavior in a bare repository
-   (i.e. a repository without associated working tree).  We use
-   a fairly conservative heuristic (if $GIT_DIR is ".git", or
-   ends with "/.git", the repository is not bare) to decide if a
-   repository is bare, but "core.bare" configuration variable
-   can be used to override the heuristic when it misidentifies
-   your repository.
-
- - git-fetch used to complain updating the current branch but
-   this is now allowed for a bare repository.  So is the use of
-   'git-branch -f' to update the current branch.
-
- - Porcelain-ish commands that require a working tree refuses to
-   work in a bare repository.
-
-
-* Reflog
-
- - Reflog records the history from the view point of the local
-   repository. In other words, regardless of the real history,
-   the reflog shows the history as seen by one particular
-   repository (this enables you to ask "what was the current
-   revision in _this_ repository, yesterday at 1pm?").  This
-   facility is enabled by default for repositories with working
-   trees, and can be accessed with the "branch@{time}" and
-   "branch@{Nth}" notation.
-
- - "git show-branch" learned showing the reflog data with the
-   new -g option.  "git log" has -g option to view reflog
-   entries in a more verbose manner.
-
- - git-branch knows how to rename branches and moves existing
-   reflog data from the old branch to the new one.
-
- - In addition to the reflog support in v1.4.4 series, HEAD
-   reference maintains its own log.  "HEAD@{5.minutes.ago}"
-   means the commit you were at 5 minutes ago, which takes
-   branch switching into account.  If you want to know where the
-   tip of your current branch was at 5 minutes ago, you need to
-   explicitly say its name (e.g. "master@{5.minutes.ago}") or
-   omit the refname altogether i.e. "@{5.minutes.ago}".
-
- - The commits referred to by reflog entries are now protected
-   against pruning.  The new command "git reflog expire" can be
-   used to truncate older reflog entries and entries that refer
-   to commits that have been pruned away previously with older
-   versions of git.
-
-   Existing repositories that have been using reflog may get
-   complaints from fsck-objects and may not be able to run
-   git-repack, if you had run git-prune from older git; please
-   run "git reflog expire --stale-fix --all" first to remove
-   reflog entries that refer to commits that are no longer in
-   the repository when that happens.
-
-
-* Cruft removal
-
- - We used to say "old commits are retrievable using reflog and
-   'master@{yesterday}' syntax as long as you haven't run
-   git-prune".  We no longer have to say the latter half of the
-   above sentence, as git-prune does not remove things reachable
-   from reflog entries.
-
- - There is a toplevel garbage collector script, 'git-gc', that
-   runs periodic cleanup functions, including 'git-repack -a -d',
-   'git-reflog expire', 'git-pack-refs --prune', and 'git-rerere
-   gc'.
-
- - The output from fsck ("fsck-objects" is called just "fsck"
-   now, but the old name continues to work) was needlessly
-   alarming in that it warned missing objects that are reachable
-   only from dangling objects.  This has been corrected and the
-   output is much more useful.
-
-
-* Detached HEAD
-
- - You can use 'git-checkout' to check out an arbitrary revision
-   or a tag as well, instead of named branches.  This will
-   dissociate your HEAD from the branch you are currently on.
-
-   A typical use of this feature is to "look around".  E.g.
-
-	$ git checkout v2.6.16
-	... compile, test, etc.
-	$ git checkout v2.6.17
-	... compile, test, etc.
-
- - After detaching your HEAD, you can go back to an existing
-   branch with usual "git checkout $branch".  Also you can
-   start a new branch using "git checkout -b $newbranch" to
-   start a new branch at that commit.
-
- - You can even pull from other repositories, make merges and
-   commits while your HEAD is detached.  Also you can use "git
-   reset" to jump to arbitrary commit, while still keeping your
-   HEAD detached.
-
-   Remember that a detached state is volatile, i.e. it will be forgotten
-   as soon as you move away from it with the checkout or reset command,
-   unless a branch is created from it as mentioned above.  It is also
-   possible to rescue a lost detached state from the HEAD reflog.
-
-
-* Packed refs
-
- - Repositories with hundreds of tags have been paying large
-   overhead, both in storage and in runtime, due to the
-   traditional one-ref-per-file format.  A new command,
-   git-pack-refs, can be used to "pack" them in more efficient
-   representation (you can let git-gc do this for you).
-
- - Clones and fetches over dumb transports are now aware of
-   packed refs and can download from repositories that use
-   them.
-
-
-* Configuration
-
- - configuration related to color setting are consolidated under
-   color.* namespace (older diff.color.*, status.color.* are
-   still supported).
-
- - 'git-repo-config' command is accessible as 'git-config' now.
-
-
-* Updated features
-
- - git-describe uses better criteria to pick a base ref.  It
-   used to pick the one with the newest timestamp, but now it
-   picks the one that is topologically the closest (that is,
-   among ancestors of commit C, the ref T that has the shortest
-   output from "git-rev-list T..C" is chosen).
-
- - git-describe gives the number of commits since the base ref
-   between the refname and the hash suffix.  E.g. the commit one
-   before v2.6.20-rc6 in the kernel repository is:
-
-	v2.6.20-rc5-306-ga21b069
-
-   which tells you that its object name begins with a21b069,
-   v2.6.20-rc5 is an ancestor of it (meaning, the commit
-   contains everything -rc5 has), and there are 306 commits
-   since v2.6.20-rc5.
-
- - git-describe with --abbrev=0 can be used to show only the
-   name of the base ref.
-
- - git-blame learned a new option, --incremental, that tells it
-   to output the blames as they are assigned.  A sample script
-   to use it is also included as contrib/blameview.
-
- - git-blame starts annotating from the working tree by default.
-
-
-* Less external dependency
-
- - We no longer require the "merge" program from the RCS suite.
-   All 3-way file-level merges are now done internally.
-
- - The original implementation of git-merge-recursive which was
-   in Python has been removed; we have a C implementation of it
-   now.
-
- - git-shortlog is no longer a Perl script.  It no longer
-   requires output piped from git-log; it can accept revision
-   parameters directly on the command line.
-
-
-* I18n
-
- - We have always encouraged the commit message to be encoded in
-   UTF-8, but the users are allowed to use legacy encoding as
-   appropriate for their projects.  This will continue to be the
-   case.  However, a non UTF-8 commit encoding _must_ be
-   explicitly set with i18n.commitencoding in the repository
-   where a commit is made; otherwise git-commit-tree will
-   complain if the log message does not look like a valid UTF-8
-   string.
-
- - The value of i18n.commitencoding in the originating
-   repository is recorded in the commit object on the "encoding"
-   header, if it is not UTF-8.  git-log and friends notice this,
-   and re-encodes the message to the log output encoding when
-   displaying, if they are different.  The log output encoding
-   is determined by "git log --encoding=<encoding>",
-   i18n.logoutputencoding configuration, or i18n.commitencoding
-   configuration, in the decreasing order of preference, and
-   defaults to UTF-8.
-
- - Tools for e-mailed patch application now default to -u
-   behavior; i.e. it always re-codes from the e-mailed encoding
-   to the encoding specified with i18n.commitencoding.  This
-   unfortunately forces projects that have happily been using a
-   legacy encoding without setting i18n.commitencoding to set
-   the configuration, but taken with other improvement, please
-   excuse us for this very minor one-time inconvenience.
-
-
-* e-mailed patches
-
- - See the above I18n section.
-
- - git-format-patch now enables --binary without being asked.
-   git-am does _not_ default to it, as sending binary patch via
-   e-mail is unusual and is harder to review than textual
-   patches and it is prudent to require the person who is
-   applying the patch to explicitly ask for it.
-
- - The default suffix for git-format-patch output is now ".patch",
-   not ".txt".  This can be changed with --suffix=.txt option,
-   or setting the config variable "format.suffix" to ".txt".
-
-
-* Foreign SCM interfaces
-
- - git-svn now requires the Perl SVN:: libraries, the
-   command-line backend was too slow and limited.
-
- - the 'commit' subcommand of git-svn has been renamed to
-   'set-tree', and 'dcommit' is the recommended replacement for
-   day-to-day work.
-
- - git fast-import backend.
-
-
-* User support
-
- - Quite a lot of documentation updates.
-
- - Bash completion scripts have been updated heavily.
-
- - Better error messages for often used Porcelainish commands.
-
- - Git GUI.  This is a simple Tk based graphical interface for
-   common Git operations.
-
-
-* Sliding mmap
-
- - We used to assume that we can mmap the whole packfile while
-   in use, but with a large project this consumes huge virtual
-   memory space and truly huge ones would not fit in the
-   userland address space on 32-bit platforms.  We now mmap huge
-   packfile in pieces to avoid this problem.
-
-
-* Shallow clones
-
- - There is a partial support for 'shallow' repositories that
-   keeps only recent history.  A 'shallow clone' is created by
-   specifying how deep that truncated history should be
-   (e.g. "git clone --depth 5 git://some.where/repo.git").
-
-   Currently a shallow repository has number of limitations:
-
-   - Cloning and fetching _from_ a shallow clone are not
-     supported (nor tested -- so they might work by accident but
-     they are not expected to).
-
-   - Pushing from nor into a shallow clone are not expected to
-     work.
-
-   - Merging inside a shallow repository would work as long as a
-     merge base is found in the recent history, but otherwise it
-     will be like merging unrelated histories and may result in
-     huge conflicts.
-
-   but this would be more than adequate for people who want to
-   look at near the tip of a big project with a deep history and
-   send patches in e-mail format.