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-rw-r--r--src/build-remote/build-remote.cc4
-rw-r--r--src/libexpr/attr-set.cc3
-rw-r--r--src/libexpr/attr-set.hh2
-rw-r--r--src/libexpr/eval.cc28
-rw-r--r--src/libexpr/eval.hh5
-rw-r--r--src/libexpr/lexer.l7
-rw-r--r--src/libexpr/names.cc2
-rw-r--r--src/libexpr/names.hh2
-rw-r--r--src/libexpr/primops.cc54
-rw-r--r--src/libexpr/primops.hh3
-rw-r--r--src/libmain/common-args.cc4
-rw-r--r--src/libmain/shared.cc1
-rw-r--r--src/libmain/shared.hh1
-rw-r--r--src/libstore/binary-cache-store.cc2
-rw-r--r--src/libstore/binary-cache-store.hh2
-rw-r--r--src/libstore/build.cc45
-rw-r--r--src/libstore/globals.cc44
-rw-r--r--src/libstore/globals.hh17
-rw-r--r--src/libstore/local-store.cc3
-rw-r--r--src/libstore/local-store.hh3
-rw-r--r--src/libstore/local.mk6
-rw-r--r--src/libstore/pathlocks.cc6
-rw-r--r--src/libstore/pathlocks.hh6
-rw-r--r--src/libstore/store-api.cc8
-rw-r--r--src/libutil/compression.cc46
-rw-r--r--src/libutil/compression.hh4
-rw-r--r--src/libutil/config.cc63
-rw-r--r--src/libutil/config.hh8
-rw-r--r--src/libutil/hash.cc3
-rw-r--r--src/libutil/monitor-fd.hh30
-rw-r--r--src/libutil/util.cc2
-rwxr-xr-xsrc/nix-build/nix-build.cc2
-rwxr-xr-xsrc/nix-channel/nix-channel.cc3
-rw-r--r--src/nix-collect-garbage/nix-collect-garbage.cc2
-rwxr-xr-xsrc/nix-copy-closure/nix-copy-closure.cc2
-rw-r--r--src/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc2
-rw-r--r--src/nix-env/nix-env.cc2
-rw-r--r--src/nix-instantiate/nix-instantiate.cc2
-rw-r--r--src/nix-prefetch-url/nix-prefetch-url.cc2
-rw-r--r--src/nix-store/nix-store.cc2
-rw-r--r--src/nix/build.cc2
-rw-r--r--src/nix/command.hh2
-rw-r--r--src/nix/copy.cc6
-rw-r--r--src/nix/installables.cc4
-rw-r--r--src/nix/ls.cc20
-rw-r--r--src/nix/main.cc2
-rw-r--r--src/nix/ping-store.cc35
-rw-r--r--src/nix/run.cc4
48 files changed, 393 insertions, 115 deletions
diff --git a/src/build-remote/build-remote.cc b/src/build-remote/build-remote.cc
index df579729af29..dbf8fe1b8f8a 100644
--- a/src/build-remote/build-remote.cc
+++ b/src/build-remote/build-remote.cc
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ int main (int argc, char * * argv)
 
         settings.maxBuildJobs.set("1"); // hack to make tests with local?root= work
 
+        initPlugins();
+
         auto store = openStore().cast<LocalStore>();
 
         /* It would be more appropriate to use $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR, since
@@ -241,7 +243,7 @@ connected:
 
         if (!missing.empty()) {
             Activity act(*logger, lvlTalkative, actUnknown, fmt("copying outputs from '%s'", storeUri));
-            setenv("NIX_HELD_LOCKS", concatStringsSep(" ", missing).c_str(), 1); /* FIXME: ugly */
+            store->locksHeld.insert(missing.begin(), missing.end()); /* FIXME: ugly */
             copyPaths(ref<Store>(sshStore), store, missing, NoRepair, NoCheckSigs, substitute);
         }
 
diff --git a/src/libexpr/attr-set.cc b/src/libexpr/attr-set.cc
index 910428c02686..b284daa3c2f7 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/attr-set.cc
+++ b/src/libexpr/attr-set.cc
@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@
 namespace nix {
 
 
+/* Note: Various places expect the allocated memory to be zeroed. */
 static void * allocBytes(size_t n)
 {
     void * p;
 #if HAVE_BOEHMGC
     p = GC_malloc(n);
 #else
-    p = malloc(n);
+    p = calloc(n, 1);
 #endif
     if (!p) throw std::bad_alloc();
     return p;
diff --git a/src/libexpr/attr-set.hh b/src/libexpr/attr-set.hh
index e1fc2bf6d796..3119a1848af2 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/attr-set.hh
+++ b/src/libexpr/attr-set.hh
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public:
         for (size_t n = 0; n < size_; n++)
             res.emplace_back(&attrs[n]);
         std::sort(res.begin(), res.end(), [](const Attr * a, const Attr * b) {
-            return (string) a->name < (string) b->name;
+            return (const string &) a->name < (const string &) b->name;
         });
         return res;
     }
diff --git a/src/libexpr/eval.cc b/src/libexpr/eval.cc
index 0b0a0f7b1790..2144d3452579 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/eval.cc
+++ b/src/libexpr/eval.cc
@@ -43,13 +43,14 @@ static char * dupString(const char * s)
 }
 
 
+/* Note: Various places expect the allocated memory to be zeroed. */
 static void * allocBytes(size_t n)
 {
     void * p;
 #if HAVE_BOEHMGC
     p = GC_malloc(n);
 #else
-    p = malloc(n);
+    p = calloc(n, 1);
 #endif
     if (!p) throw std::bad_alloc();
     return p;
@@ -293,6 +294,10 @@ EvalState::EvalState(const Strings & _searchPath, ref<Store> store)
     , sWrong(symbols.create("wrong"))
     , sStructuredAttrs(symbols.create("__structuredAttrs"))
     , sBuilder(symbols.create("builder"))
+    , sArgs(symbols.create("args"))
+    , sOutputHash(symbols.create("outputHash"))
+    , sOutputHashAlgo(symbols.create("outputHashAlgo"))
+    , sOutputHashMode(symbols.create("outputHashMode"))
     , repair(NoRepair)
     , store(store)
     , baseEnv(allocEnv(128))
@@ -404,7 +409,7 @@ Path EvalState::toRealPath(const Path & path, const PathSet & context)
 };
 
 
-void EvalState::addConstant(const string & name, Value & v)
+Value * EvalState::addConstant(const string & name, Value & v)
 {
     Value * v2 = allocValue();
     *v2 = v;
@@ -412,12 +417,18 @@ void EvalState::addConstant(const string & name, Value & v)
     baseEnv.values[baseEnvDispl++] = v2;
     string name2 = string(name, 0, 2) == "__" ? string(name, 2) : name;
     baseEnv.values[0]->attrs->push_back(Attr(symbols.create(name2), v2));
+    return v2;
 }
 
 
 Value * EvalState::addPrimOp(const string & name,
     unsigned int arity, PrimOpFun primOp)
 {
+    if (arity == 0) {
+        Value v;
+        primOp(*this, noPos, nullptr, v);
+        return addConstant(name, v);
+    }
     Value * v = allocValue();
     string name2 = string(name, 0, 2) == "__" ? string(name, 2) : name;
     Symbol sym = symbols.create(name2);
@@ -576,9 +587,7 @@ Env & EvalState::allocEnv(unsigned int size)
     Env * env = (Env *) allocBytes(sizeof(Env) + size * sizeof(Value *));
     env->size = size;
 
-    /* Clear the values because maybeThunk() and lookupVar fromWith expect this. */
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < size; ++i)
-        env->values[i] = 0;
+    /* We assume that env->values has been cleared by the allocator; maybeThunk() and lookupVar fromWith expect this. */
 
     return *env;
 }
@@ -1700,10 +1709,13 @@ void EvalState::printStats()
     printMsg(v, format("  time elapsed: %1%") % cpuTime);
     printMsg(v, format("  size of a value: %1%") % sizeof(Value));
     printMsg(v, format("  size of an attr: %1%") % sizeof(Attr));
-    printMsg(v, format("  environments allocated: %1% (%2% bytes)") % nrEnvs % bEnvs);
-    printMsg(v, format("  list elements: %1% (%2% bytes)") % nrListElems % bLists);
+    printMsg(v, format("  environments allocated count: %1%") % nrEnvs);
+    printMsg(v, format("  environments allocated bytes: %1%") % bEnvs);
+    printMsg(v, format("  list elements count: %1%") % nrListElems);
+    printMsg(v, format("  list elements bytes: %1%") % bLists);
     printMsg(v, format("  list concatenations: %1%") % nrListConcats);
-    printMsg(v, format("  values allocated: %1% (%2% bytes)") % nrValues % bValues);
+    printMsg(v, format("  values allocated count: %1%") % nrValues);
+    printMsg(v, format("  values allocated bytes: %1%") % bValues);
     printMsg(v, format("  sets allocated: %1% (%2% bytes)") % nrAttrsets % bAttrsets);
     printMsg(v, format("  right-biased unions: %1%") % nrOpUpdates);
     printMsg(v, format("  values copied in right-biased unions: %1%") % nrOpUpdateValuesCopied);
diff --git a/src/libexpr/eval.hh b/src/libexpr/eval.hh
index 9e3d30d95f49..9d8799b7906b 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/eval.hh
+++ b/src/libexpr/eval.hh
@@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ public:
     const Symbol sWith, sOutPath, sDrvPath, sType, sMeta, sName, sValue,
         sSystem, sOverrides, sOutputs, sOutputName, sIgnoreNulls,
         sFile, sLine, sColumn, sFunctor, sToString,
-        sRight, sWrong, sStructuredAttrs, sBuilder;
+        sRight, sWrong, sStructuredAttrs, sBuilder, sArgs,
+        sOutputHash, sOutputHashAlgo, sOutputHashMode;
     Symbol sDerivationNix;
 
     /* If set, force copying files to the Nix store even if they
@@ -210,7 +211,7 @@ private:
 
     void createBaseEnv();
 
-    void addConstant(const string & name, Value & v);
+    Value * addConstant(const string & name, Value & v);
 
     Value * addPrimOp(const string & name,
         unsigned int arity, PrimOpFun primOp);
diff --git a/src/libexpr/lexer.l b/src/libexpr/lexer.l
index 28a0a6a87896..e5e01fb5831a 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/lexer.l
+++ b/src/libexpr/lexer.l
@@ -49,9 +49,10 @@ static void adjustLoc(YYLTYPE * loc, const char * s, size_t len)
 }
 
 
-static Expr * unescapeStr(SymbolTable & symbols, const char * s)
+static Expr * unescapeStr(SymbolTable & symbols, const char * s, size_t length)
 {
     string t;
+    t.reserve(length);
     char c;
     while ((c = *s++)) {
         if (c == '\\') {
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ or          { return OR_KW; }
                 /* It is impossible to match strings ending with '$' with one
                    regex because trailing contexts are only valid at the end
                    of a rule. (A sane but undocumented limitation.) */
-                yylval->e = unescapeStr(data->symbols, yytext);
+                yylval->e = unescapeStr(data->symbols, yytext, yyleng);
                 return STR;
               }
 <STRING>\$\{  { PUSH_STATE(INSIDE_DOLLAR_CURLY); return DOLLAR_CURLY; }
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ or          { return OR_KW; }
                    return IND_STR;
                  }
 <IND_STRING>\'\'\\. {
-                   yylval->e = unescapeStr(data->symbols, yytext + 2);
+                   yylval->e = unescapeStr(data->symbols, yytext + 2, yyleng - 2);
                    return IND_STR;
                  }
 <IND_STRING>\$\{ { PUSH_STATE(INSIDE_DOLLAR_CURLY); return DOLLAR_CURLY; }
diff --git a/src/libexpr/names.cc b/src/libexpr/names.cc
index 6d78d2116121..382088c78872 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/names.cc
+++ b/src/libexpr/names.cc
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ bool DrvName::matches(DrvName & n)
 }
 
 
-static string nextComponent(string::const_iterator & p,
+string nextComponent(string::const_iterator & p,
     const string::const_iterator end)
 {
     /* Skip any dots and dashes (component separators). */
diff --git a/src/libexpr/names.hh b/src/libexpr/names.hh
index 9667fc96fd0f..13c3093e77b0 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/names.hh
+++ b/src/libexpr/names.hh
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ private:
 
 typedef list<DrvName> DrvNames;
 
+string nextComponent(string::const_iterator & p,
+    const string::const_iterator end);
 int compareVersions(const string & v1, const string & v2);
 DrvNames drvNamesFromArgs(const Strings & opArgs);
 
diff --git a/src/libexpr/primops.cc b/src/libexpr/primops.cc
index 466fd13e8698..a800d24290ae 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/primops.cc
+++ b/src/libexpr/primops.cc
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
 
     for (auto & i : args[0]->attrs->lexicographicOrder()) {
         if (i->name == state.sIgnoreNulls) continue;
-        string key = i->name;
+        const string & key = i->name;
         vomit("processing attribute '%1%'", key);
 
         auto handleHashMode = [&](const std::string & s) {
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
 
             /* The `args' attribute is special: it supplies the
                command-line arguments to the builder. */
-            if (key == "args") {
+            if (i->name == state.sArgs) {
                 state.forceList(*i->value, pos);
                 for (unsigned int n = 0; n < i->value->listSize(); ++n) {
                     string s = state.coerceToString(posDrvName, *i->value->listElems()[n], context, true);
@@ -612,15 +612,13 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
                         drv.builder = state.forceString(*i->value, context, posDrvName);
                     else if (i->name == state.sSystem)
                         drv.platform = state.forceStringNoCtx(*i->value, posDrvName);
-                    else if (i->name == state.sName)
-                        drvName = state.forceStringNoCtx(*i->value, posDrvName);
-                    else if (key == "outputHash")
+                    else if (i->name == state.sOutputHash)
                         outputHash = state.forceStringNoCtx(*i->value, posDrvName);
-                    else if (key == "outputHashAlgo")
+                    else if (i->name == state.sOutputHashAlgo)
                         outputHashAlgo = state.forceStringNoCtx(*i->value, posDrvName);
-                    else if (key == "outputHashMode")
+                    else if (i->name == state.sOutputHashMode)
                         handleHashMode(state.forceStringNoCtx(*i->value, posDrvName));
-                    else if (key == "outputs") {
+                    else if (i->name == state.sOutputs) {
                         /* Require ‘outputs’ to be a list of strings. */
                         state.forceList(*i->value, posDrvName);
                         Strings ss;
@@ -634,14 +632,10 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
                     drv.env.emplace(key, s);
                     if (i->name == state.sBuilder) drv.builder = s;
                     else if (i->name == state.sSystem) drv.platform = s;
-                    else if (i->name == state.sName) {
-                        drvName = s;
-                        printMsg(lvlVomit, format("derivation name is '%1%'") % drvName);
-                    }
-                    else if (key == "outputHash") outputHash = s;
-                    else if (key == "outputHashAlgo") outputHashAlgo = s;
-                    else if (key == "outputHashMode") handleHashMode(s);
-                    else if (key == "outputs")
+                    else if (i->name == state.sOutputHash) outputHash = s;
+                    else if (i->name == state.sOutputHashAlgo) outputHashAlgo = s;
+                    else if (i->name == state.sOutputHashMode) handleHashMode(s);
+                    else if (i->name == state.sOutputs)
                         handleOutputs(tokenizeString<Strings>(s));
                 }
 
@@ -1138,8 +1132,11 @@ static void prim_attrNames(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, V
     state.mkList(v, args[0]->attrs->size());
 
     size_t n = 0;
-    for (auto & i : args[0]->attrs->lexicographicOrder())
-        mkString(*(v.listElems()[n++] = state.allocValue()), i->name);
+    for (auto & i : *args[0]->attrs)
+        mkString(*(v.listElems()[n++] = state.allocValue()), i.name);
+
+    std::sort(v.listElems(), v.listElems() + n,
+              [](Value * v1, Value * v2) { return strcmp(v1->string.s, v2->string.s) < 0; });
 }
 
 
@@ -1961,6 +1958,26 @@ static void prim_compareVersions(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * a
 }
 
 
+static void prim_splitVersion(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Value & v)
+{
+    string version = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
+    auto iter = version.cbegin();
+    Strings components;
+    while (iter != version.cend()) {
+        auto component = nextComponent(iter, version.cend());
+        if (component.empty())
+            break;
+        components.emplace_back(std::move(component));
+    }
+    state.mkList(v, components.size());
+    unsigned int n = 0;
+    for (auto & component : components) {
+        auto listElem = v.listElems()[n++] = state.allocValue();
+        mkString(*listElem, std::move(component));
+    }
+}
+
+
 /*************************************************************
  * Networking
  *************************************************************/
@@ -2196,6 +2213,7 @@ void EvalState::createBaseEnv()
     // Versions
     addPrimOp("__parseDrvName", 1, prim_parseDrvName);
     addPrimOp("__compareVersions", 2, prim_compareVersions);
+    addPrimOp("__splitVersion", 1, prim_splitVersion);
 
     // Derivations
     addPrimOp("derivationStrict", 1, prim_derivationStrict);
diff --git a/src/libexpr/primops.hh b/src/libexpr/primops.hh
index 39d23b04a5ce..31bf3f84f6c7 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/primops.hh
+++ b/src/libexpr/primops.hh
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ struct RegisterPrimOp
 {
     typedef std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, size_t, PrimOpFun>> PrimOps;
     static PrimOps * primOps;
+    /* You can register a constant by passing an arity of 0. fun
+       will get called during EvalState initialization, so there
+       may be primops not yet added and builtins is not yet sorted. */
     RegisterPrimOp(std::string name, size_t arity, PrimOpFun fun);
 };
 
diff --git a/src/libmain/common-args.cc b/src/libmain/common-args.cc
index d3aac6aba1ff..bcc05c2cdad6 100644
--- a/src/libmain/common-args.cc
+++ b/src/libmain/common-args.cc
@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ MixCommonArgs::MixCommonArgs(const string & programName)
 
     std::string cat = "config";
     settings.convertToArgs(*this, cat);
+
+    // Backward compatibility hack: nix-env already had a --system flag.
+    if (programName == "nix-env") longFlags.erase("system");
+
     hiddenCategories.insert(cat);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libmain/shared.cc b/src/libmain/shared.cc
index 90a4867163df..7d888202bbf1 100644
--- a/src/libmain/shared.cc
+++ b/src/libmain/shared.cc
@@ -262,6 +262,7 @@ void printVersion(const string & programName)
 void showManPage(const string & name)
 {
     restoreSignals();
+    setenv("MANPATH", settings.nixManDir.c_str(), 1);
     execlp("man", "man", name.c_str(), NULL);
     throw SysError(format("command 'man %1%' failed") % name.c_str());
 }
diff --git a/src/libmain/shared.hh b/src/libmain/shared.hh
index 1dcc4f0ac942..8e4861232db5 100644
--- a/src/libmain/shared.hh
+++ b/src/libmain/shared.hh
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ public:
 
 int handleExceptions(const string & programName, std::function<void()> fun);
 
+/* Don't forget to call initPlugins() after settings are initialized! */
 void initNix();
 
 void parseCmdLine(int argc, char * * argv,
diff --git a/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.cc b/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.cc
index ab971dd8b6d9..d1b278b8efbe 100644
--- a/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.cc
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ void BinaryCacheStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, const ref<std::str
     /* Compress the NAR. */
     narInfo->compression = compression;
     auto now1 = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-    auto narCompressed = compress(compression, *nar);
+    auto narCompressed = compress(compression, *nar, parallelCompression);
     auto now2 = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
     narInfo->fileHash = hashString(htSHA256, *narCompressed);
     narInfo->fileSize = narCompressed->size();
diff --git a/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.hh b/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.hh
index 8492ff600eba..e20b968442b7 100644
--- a/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/binary-cache-store.hh
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ public:
     const Setting<bool> writeNARListing{this, false, "write-nar-listing", "whether to write a JSON file listing the files in each NAR"};
     const Setting<Path> secretKeyFile{this, "", "secret-key", "path to secret key used to sign the binary cache"};
     const Setting<Path> localNarCache{this, "", "local-nar-cache", "path to a local cache of NARs"};
+    const Setting<bool> parallelCompression{this, false, "parallel-compression",
+        "enable multi-threading compression, available for xz only currently"};
 
 private:
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/build.cc b/src/libstore/build.cc
index 9f669f7e4645..1d611ffbaba5 100644
--- a/src/libstore/build.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/build.cc
@@ -49,7 +49,9 @@
 #include <sys/param.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
 #include <sys/syscall.h>
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
 #include <seccomp.h>
+#endif
 #define pivot_root(new_root, put_old) (syscall(SYS_pivot_root, new_root, put_old))
 #endif
 
@@ -1335,19 +1337,6 @@ void DerivationGoal::tryToBuild()
 {
     trace("trying to build");
 
-    /* Check for the possibility that some other goal in this process
-       has locked the output since we checked in haveDerivation().
-       (It can't happen between here and the lockPaths() call below
-       because we're not allowing multi-threading.)  If so, put this
-       goal to sleep until another goal finishes, then try again. */
-    for (auto & i : drv->outputs)
-        if (pathIsLockedByMe(worker.store.toRealPath(i.second.path))) {
-            debug(format("putting derivation '%1%' to sleep because '%2%' is locked by another goal")
-                % drvPath % i.second.path);
-            worker.waitForAnyGoal(shared_from_this());
-            return;
-        }
-
     /* Obtain locks on all output paths.  The locks are automatically
        released when we exit this function or Nix crashes.  If we
        can't acquire the lock, then continue; hopefully some other
@@ -2484,7 +2473,7 @@ void setupSeccomp()
 {
 #if __linux__
     if (!settings.filterSyscalls) return;
-
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
     scmp_filter_ctx ctx;
 
     if (!(ctx = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_ALLOW)))
@@ -2530,6 +2519,11 @@ void setupSeccomp()
 
     if (seccomp_load(ctx) != 0)
         throw SysError("unable to load seccomp BPF program");
+#else
+    throw Error(
+        "seccomp is not supported on this platform; "
+        "you can bypass this error by setting the option 'filter-syscalls' to false, but note that untrusted builds can then create setuid binaries!");
+#endif
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -3688,8 +3682,8 @@ void SubstitutionGoal::tryNext()
         && !sub->isTrusted
         && !info->checkSignatures(worker.store, worker.store.publicKeys))
     {
-        printInfo(format("warning: substituter '%s' does not have a valid signature for path '%s'")
-            % sub->getUri() % storePath);
+        printError("warning: substituter '%s' does not have a valid signature for path '%s'",
+            sub->getUri(), storePath);
         tryNext();
         return;
     }
@@ -3739,6 +3733,17 @@ void SubstitutionGoal::tryToRun()
         return;
     }
 
+    /* If the store path is already locked (probably by a
+       DerivationGoal), then put this goal to sleep. Note: we don't
+       acquire a lock here since that breaks addToStore(), so below we
+       handle an AlreadyLocked exception from addToStore(). The check
+       here is just an optimisation to prevent having to redo a
+       download due to a locked path. */
+    if (pathIsLockedByMe(worker.store.toRealPath(storePath))) {
+        worker.waitForAWhile(shared_from_this());
+        return;
+    }
+
     maintainRunningSubstitutions = std::make_unique<MaintainCount<uint64_t>>(worker.runningSubstitutions);
     worker.updateProgress();
 
@@ -3778,8 +3783,14 @@ void SubstitutionGoal::finished()
 
     try {
         promise.get_future().get();
+    } catch (AlreadyLocked & e) {
+        /* Probably a DerivationGoal is already building this store
+           path. Sleep for a while and try again. */
+        state = &SubstitutionGoal::init;
+        worker.waitForAWhile(shared_from_this());
+        return;
     } catch (Error & e) {
-        printInfo(e.msg());
+        printError(e.msg());
 
         /* Try the next substitute. */
         state = &SubstitutionGoal::tryNext;
diff --git a/src/libstore/globals.cc b/src/libstore/globals.cc
index d3c96ddd6e61..f46e8326235f 100644
--- a/src/libstore/globals.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/globals.cc
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <map>
 #include <thread>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
 
 
 namespace nix {
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ Settings::Settings()
     , nixConfDir(canonPath(getEnv("NIX_CONF_DIR", NIX_CONF_DIR)))
     , nixLibexecDir(canonPath(getEnv("NIX_LIBEXEC_DIR", NIX_LIBEXEC_DIR)))
     , nixBinDir(canonPath(getEnv("NIX_BIN_DIR", NIX_BIN_DIR)))
+    , nixManDir(canonPath(NIX_MAN_DIR))
     , nixDaemonSocketFile(canonPath(nixStateDir + DEFAULT_SOCKET_PATH))
 {
     buildUsersGroup = getuid() == 0 ? "nixbld" : "";
@@ -137,4 +139,46 @@ void MaxBuildJobsSetting::set(const std::string & str)
         throw UsageError("configuration setting '%s' should be 'auto' or an integer", name);
 }
 
+
+void initPlugins()
+{
+    for (const auto & pluginFile : settings.pluginFiles.get()) {
+        Paths pluginFiles;
+        try {
+            auto ents = readDirectory(pluginFile);
+            for (const auto & ent : ents)
+                pluginFiles.emplace_back(pluginFile + "/" + ent.name);
+        } catch (SysError & e) {
+            if (e.errNo != ENOTDIR)
+                throw;
+            pluginFiles.emplace_back(pluginFile);
+        }
+        for (const auto & file : pluginFiles) {
+            /* handle is purposefully leaked as there may be state in the
+               DSO needed by the action of the plugin. */
+            void *handle =
+                dlopen(file.c_str(), RTLD_LAZY | RTLD_LOCAL);
+            if (!handle)
+                throw Error("could not dynamically open plugin file '%s%': %s%", file, dlerror());
+        }
+    }
+    /* We handle settings registrations here, since plugins can add settings */
+    if (RegisterSetting::settingRegistrations) {
+        for (auto & registration : *RegisterSetting::settingRegistrations)
+            settings.addSetting(registration);
+        delete RegisterSetting::settingRegistrations;
+    }
+    settings.handleUnknownSettings();
+}
+
+RegisterSetting::SettingRegistrations * RegisterSetting::settingRegistrations;
+
+RegisterSetting::RegisterSetting(AbstractSetting * s)
+{
+    if (!settingRegistrations)
+        settingRegistrations = new SettingRegistrations;
+    settingRegistrations->emplace_back(s);
+}
+
+
 }
diff --git a/src/libstore/globals.hh b/src/libstore/globals.hh
index 20ac8fe4e9ae..dd01f832df0c 100644
--- a/src/libstore/globals.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/globals.hh
@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@ public:
     /* The directory where the main programs are stored. */
     Path nixBinDir;
 
+    /* The directory where the man pages are stored. */
+    Path nixManDir;
+
     /* File name of the socket the daemon listens to.  */
     Path nixDaemonSocketFile;
 
@@ -367,14 +370,28 @@ public:
 
     Setting<Strings> allowedUris{this, {}, "allowed-uris",
         "Prefixes of URIs that builtin functions such as fetchurl and fetchGit are allowed to fetch."};
+
+    Setting<Paths> pluginFiles{this, {}, "plugin-files",
+        "Plugins to dynamically load at nix initialization time."};
 };
 
 
 // FIXME: don't use a global variable.
 extern Settings settings;
 
+/* This should be called after settings are initialized, but before
+   anything else */
+void initPlugins();
+
 
 extern const string nixVersion;
 
+struct RegisterSetting
+{
+    typedef std::vector<AbstractSetting *> SettingRegistrations;
+    static SettingRegistrations * settingRegistrations;
+    RegisterSetting(AbstractSetting * s);
+};
+
 
 }
diff --git a/src/libstore/local-store.cc b/src/libstore/local-store.cc
index 7afecc1cfc62..4afe51ea91ec 100644
--- a/src/libstore/local-store.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/local-store.cc
@@ -992,8 +992,7 @@ void LocalStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, const ref<std::string> &
         /* Lock the output path.  But don't lock if we're being called
            from a build hook (whose parent process already acquired a
            lock on this path). */
-        Strings locksHeld = tokenizeString<Strings>(getEnv("NIX_HELD_LOCKS"));
-        if (find(locksHeld.begin(), locksHeld.end(), info.path) == locksHeld.end())
+        if (!locksHeld.count(info.path))
             outputLock.lockPaths({realPath});
 
         if (repair || !isValidPath(info.path)) {
diff --git a/src/libstore/local-store.hh b/src/libstore/local-store.hh
index 30bef3a799d4..bbd50e1c1451 100644
--- a/src/libstore/local-store.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/local-store.hh
@@ -104,6 +104,9 @@ private:
 
 public:
 
+    // Hack for build-remote.cc.
+    PathSet locksHeld = tokenizeString<PathSet>(getEnv("NIX_HELD_LOCKS"));
+
     /* Initialise the local store, upgrading the schema if
        necessary. */
     LocalStore(const Params & params);
diff --git a/src/libstore/local.mk b/src/libstore/local.mk
index 50c46ce6fe99..e11efa5c2b54 100644
--- a/src/libstore/local.mk
+++ b/src/libstore/local.mk
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ libstore_SOURCES := $(wildcard $(d)/*.cc)
 libstore_LIBS = libutil libformat
 
 libstore_LDFLAGS = $(SQLITE3_LIBS) -lbz2 $(LIBCURL_LIBS) $(SODIUM_LIBS) -pthread
+ifneq ($(OS), FreeBSD)
+ libstore_LDFLAGS += -ldl
+endif
 
 libstore_FILES = sandbox-defaults.sb sandbox-minimal.sb sandbox-network.sb
 
@@ -22,7 +25,7 @@ ifeq ($(OS), SunOS)
 	libstore_LDFLAGS += -lsocket
 endif
 
-ifeq ($(OS), Linux)
+ifeq ($(HAVE_SECCOMP), 1)
 	libstore_LDFLAGS += -lseccomp
 endif
 
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@ libstore_CXXFLAGS = \
  -DNIX_CONF_DIR=\"$(sysconfdir)/nix\" \
  -DNIX_LIBEXEC_DIR=\"$(libexecdir)\" \
  -DNIX_BIN_DIR=\"$(bindir)\" \
+ -DNIX_MAN_DIR=\"$(mandir)\" \
  -DSANDBOX_SHELL="\"$(sandbox_shell)\"" \
  -DLSOF=\"$(lsof)\"
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/pathlocks.cc b/src/libstore/pathlocks.cc
index 587f29598851..08d1efdbeb01 100644
--- a/src/libstore/pathlocks.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/pathlocks.cc
@@ -113,8 +113,10 @@ bool PathLocks::lockPaths(const PathSet & _paths,
 
         {
             auto lockedPaths(lockedPaths_.lock());
-            if (lockedPaths->count(lockPath))
-                throw Error("deadlock: trying to re-acquire self-held lock '%s'", lockPath);
+            if (lockedPaths->count(lockPath)) {
+                if (!wait) return false;
+                throw AlreadyLocked("deadlock: trying to re-acquire self-held lock '%s'", lockPath);
+            }
             lockedPaths->insert(lockPath);
         }
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/pathlocks.hh b/src/libstore/pathlocks.hh
index 2a7de611446e..db51f950a320 100644
--- a/src/libstore/pathlocks.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/pathlocks.hh
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@
 
 #include "util.hh"
 
-
 namespace nix {
 
-
 /* Open (possibly create) a lock file and return the file descriptor.
    -1 is returned if create is false and the lock could not be opened
    because it doesn't exist.  Any other error throws an exception. */
@@ -18,6 +16,7 @@ enum LockType { ltRead, ltWrite, ltNone };
 
 bool lockFile(int fd, LockType lockType, bool wait);
 
+MakeError(AlreadyLocked, Error);
 
 class PathLocks
 {
@@ -38,9 +37,6 @@ public:
     void setDeletion(bool deletePaths);
 };
 
-
-// FIXME: not thread-safe!
 bool pathIsLockedByMe(const Path & path);
 
-
 }
diff --git a/src/libstore/store-api.cc b/src/libstore/store-api.cc
index 7abb300a9bb8..8830edcc3449 100644
--- a/src/libstore/store-api.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/store-api.cc
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ ref<Store> openStore(const std::string & uri_,
     for (auto fun : *RegisterStoreImplementation::implementations) {
         auto store = fun(uri, params);
         if (store) {
-            store->warnUnknownSettings();
+            store->handleUnknownSettings();
             return ref<Store>(store);
         }
     }
@@ -896,7 +896,11 @@ std::list<ref<Store>> getDefaultSubstituters()
         auto addStore = [&](const std::string & uri) {
             if (done.count(uri)) return;
             done.insert(uri);
-            stores.push_back(openStore(uri));
+            try {
+                stores.push_back(openStore(uri));
+            } catch (Error & e) {
+                printError("warning: %s", e.what());
+            }
         };
 
         for (auto uri : settings.substituters.get())
diff --git a/src/libutil/compression.cc b/src/libutil/compression.cc
index 5e2631ba3408..470c925ed7a6 100644
--- a/src/libutil/compression.cc
+++ b/src/libutil/compression.cc
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "compression.hh"
 #include "util.hh"
 #include "finally.hh"
+#include "logging.hh"
 
 #include <lzma.h>
 #include <bzlib.h>
@@ -151,10 +152,10 @@ static ref<std::string> decompressBrotli(const std::string & in)
 #endif // HAVE_BROTLI
 }
 
-ref<std::string> compress(const std::string & method, const std::string & in)
+ref<std::string> compress(const std::string & method, const std::string & in, const bool parallel)
 {
     StringSink ssink;
-    auto sink = makeCompressionSink(method, ssink);
+    auto sink = makeCompressionSink(method, ssink, parallel);
     (*sink)(in);
     sink->finish();
     return ssink.s;
@@ -189,10 +190,9 @@ struct XzSink : CompressionSink
     lzma_stream strm = LZMA_STREAM_INIT;
     bool finished = false;
 
-    XzSink(Sink & nextSink) : nextSink(nextSink)
-    {
-        lzma_ret ret = lzma_easy_encoder(
-            &strm, 6, LZMA_CHECK_CRC64);
+    template <typename F>
+    XzSink(Sink & nextSink, F&& initEncoder) : nextSink(nextSink) {
+        lzma_ret ret = initEncoder();
         if (ret != LZMA_OK)
             throw CompressionError("unable to initialise lzma encoder");
         // FIXME: apply the x86 BCJ filter?
@@ -200,6 +200,9 @@ struct XzSink : CompressionSink
         strm.next_out = outbuf;
         strm.avail_out = sizeof(outbuf);
     }
+    XzSink(Sink & nextSink) : XzSink(nextSink, [this]() {
+        return lzma_easy_encoder(&strm, 6, LZMA_CHECK_CRC64);
+    }) {}
 
     ~XzSink()
     {
@@ -253,6 +256,27 @@ struct XzSink : CompressionSink
     }
 };
 
+#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_MT
+struct ParallelXzSink : public XzSink
+{
+  ParallelXzSink(Sink &nextSink) : XzSink(nextSink, [this]() {
+        lzma_mt mt_options = {};
+        mt_options.flags = 0;
+        mt_options.timeout = 300; // Using the same setting as the xz cmd line
+        mt_options.preset = LZMA_PRESET_DEFAULT;
+        mt_options.filters = NULL;
+        mt_options.check = LZMA_CHECK_CRC64;
+        mt_options.threads = lzma_cputhreads();
+        mt_options.block_size = 0;
+        if (mt_options.threads == 0)
+            mt_options.threads = 1;
+        // FIXME: maybe use lzma_stream_encoder_mt_memusage() to control the
+        // number of threads.
+        return lzma_stream_encoder_mt(&strm, &mt_options);
+  }) {}
+};
+#endif
+
 struct BzipSink : CompressionSink
 {
     Sink & nextSink;
@@ -449,8 +473,16 @@ struct BrotliSink : CompressionSink
 };
 #endif // HAVE_BROTLI
 
-ref<CompressionSink> makeCompressionSink(const std::string & method, Sink & nextSink)
+ref<CompressionSink> makeCompressionSink(const std::string & method, Sink & nextSink, const bool parallel)
 {
+    if (parallel) {
+#ifdef HAVE_LZMA_MT
+        if (method == "xz")
+            return make_ref<ParallelXzSink>(nextSink);
+#endif
+        printMsg(lvlError, format("Warning: parallel compression requested but not supported for method '%1%', falling back to single-threaded compression") % method);
+    }
+
     if (method == "none")
         return make_ref<NoneSink>(nextSink);
     else if (method == "xz")
diff --git a/src/libutil/compression.hh b/src/libutil/compression.hh
index e3e6f5a99303..a0d7530d74fc 100644
--- a/src/libutil/compression.hh
+++ b/src/libutil/compression.hh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace nix {
 
-ref<std::string> compress(const std::string & method, const std::string & in);
+ref<std::string> compress(const std::string & method, const std::string & in, const bool parallel = false);
 
 ref<std::string> decompress(const std::string & method, const std::string & in);
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ struct CompressionSink : BufferedSink
     virtual void finish() = 0;
 };
 
-ref<CompressionSink> makeCompressionSink(const std::string & method, Sink & nextSink);
+ref<CompressionSink> makeCompressionSink(const std::string & method, Sink & nextSink, const bool parallel = false);
 
 MakeError(UnknownCompressionMethod, Error);
 
diff --git a/src/libutil/config.cc b/src/libutil/config.cc
index d46ca65a3863..ce6858f0d65a 100644
--- a/src/libutil/config.cc
+++ b/src/libutil/config.cc
@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@ namespace nix {
 void Config::set(const std::string & name, const std::string & value)
 {
     auto i = _settings.find(name);
-    if (i == _settings.end())
-        throw UsageError("unknown setting '%s'", name);
-    i->second.setting->set(value);
-    i->second.setting->overriden = true;
+    if (i == _settings.end()) {
+        extras.emplace(name, value);
+    } else {
+        i->second.setting->set(value);
+        i->second.setting->overriden = true;
+    }
 }
 
 void Config::addSetting(AbstractSetting * setting)
@@ -21,34 +23,34 @@ void Config::addSetting(AbstractSetting * setting)
 
     bool set = false;
 
-    auto i = initials.find(setting->name);
-    if (i != initials.end()) {
+    auto i = extras.find(setting->name);
+    if (i != extras.end()) {
         setting->set(i->second);
         setting->overriden = true;
-        initials.erase(i);
+        extras.erase(i);
         set = true;
     }
 
     for (auto & alias : setting->aliases) {
-        auto i = initials.find(alias);
-        if (i != initials.end()) {
+        auto i = extras.find(alias);
+        if (i != extras.end()) {
             if (set)
                 warn("setting '%s' is set, but it's an alias of '%s' which is also set",
                     alias, setting->name);
             else {
                 setting->set(i->second);
                 setting->overriden = true;
-                initials.erase(i);
+                extras.erase(i);
                 set = true;
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-void Config::warnUnknownSettings()
+void Config::handleUnknownSettings()
 {
-    for (auto & i : initials)
-        warn("unknown setting '%s'", i.first);
+    for (auto & s : extras)
+        warn("unknown setting '%s'", s.first);
 }
 
 StringMap Config::getSettings(bool overridenOnly)
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ StringMap Config::getSettings(bool overridenOnly)
     return res;
 }
 
-void Config::applyConfigFile(const Path & path, bool fatal)
+void Config::applyConfigFile(const Path & path)
 {
     try {
         string contents = readFile(path);
@@ -80,7 +82,31 @@ void Config::applyConfigFile(const Path & path, bool fatal)
             vector<string> tokens = tokenizeString<vector<string> >(line);
             if (tokens.empty()) continue;
 
-            if (tokens.size() < 2 || tokens[1] != "=")
+            if (tokens.size() < 2)
+                throw UsageError("illegal configuration line '%1%' in '%2%'", line, path);
+
+            auto include = false;
+            auto ignoreMissing = false;
+            if (tokens[0] == "include")
+                include = true;
+            else if (tokens[0] == "!include") {
+                include = true;
+                ignoreMissing = true;
+            }
+
+            if (include) {
+                if (tokens.size() != 2)
+                    throw UsageError("illegal configuration line '%1%' in '%2%'", line, path);
+                auto p = absPath(tokens[1], dirOf(path));
+                if (pathExists(p)) {
+                    applyConfigFile(p);
+                } else if (!ignoreMissing) {
+                    throw Error("file '%1%' included from '%2%' not found", p, path);
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (tokens[1] != "=")
                 throw UsageError("illegal configuration line '%1%' in '%2%'", line, path);
 
             string name = tokens[0];
@@ -88,12 +114,7 @@ void Config::applyConfigFile(const Path & path, bool fatal)
             vector<string>::iterator i = tokens.begin();
             advance(i, 2);
 
-            try {
-                set(name, concatStringsSep(" ", Strings(i, tokens.end()))); // FIXME: slow
-            } catch (UsageError & e) {
-                if (fatal) throw;
-                warn("in configuration file '%s': %s", path, e.what());
-            }
+            set(name, concatStringsSep(" ", Strings(i, tokens.end()))); // FIXME: slow
         };
     } catch (SysError &) { }
 }
diff --git a/src/libutil/config.hh b/src/libutil/config.hh
index 9a32af528ec7..d2e7faf17434 100644
--- a/src/libutil/config.hh
+++ b/src/libutil/config.hh
@@ -48,25 +48,25 @@ private:
 
     Settings _settings;
 
-    StringMap initials;
+    StringMap extras;
 
 public:
 
     Config(const StringMap & initials)
-        : initials(initials)
+        : extras(initials)
     { }
 
     void set(const std::string & name, const std::string & value);
 
     void addSetting(AbstractSetting * setting);
 
-    void warnUnknownSettings();
+    void handleUnknownSettings();
 
     StringMap getSettings(bool overridenOnly = false);
 
     const Settings & _getSettings() { return _settings; }
 
-    void applyConfigFile(const Path & path, bool fatal = false);
+    void applyConfigFile(const Path & path);
 
     void resetOverriden();
 
diff --git a/src/libutil/hash.cc b/src/libutil/hash.cc
index 11e3c9dca58a..75e4767550f7 100644
--- a/src/libutil/hash.cc
+++ b/src/libutil/hash.cc
@@ -189,7 +189,8 @@ Hash::Hash(const std::string & s, HashType type)
 
     else if (size == base64Len()) {
         auto d = base64Decode(std::string(s, pos));
-        assert(d.size() == hashSize);
+        if (d.size() != hashSize)
+            throw BadHash("invalid base-64 hash '%s'", s);
         memcpy(hash, d.data(), hashSize);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/libutil/monitor-fd.hh b/src/libutil/monitor-fd.hh
index e0ec66c01803..5ee0b88ef50f 100644
--- a/src/libutil/monitor-fd.hh
+++ b/src/libutil/monitor-fd.hh
@@ -21,13 +21,29 @@ public:
     MonitorFdHup(int fd)
     {
         thread = std::thread([fd]() {
-            /* Wait indefinitely until a POLLHUP occurs. */
-            struct pollfd fds[1];
-            fds[0].fd = fd;
-            fds[0].events = 0;
-            if (poll(fds, 1, -1) == -1) abort(); // can't happen
-            assert(fds[0].revents & POLLHUP);
-            triggerInterrupt();
+            while (true) {
+              /* Wait indefinitely until a POLLHUP occurs. */
+              struct pollfd fds[1];
+              fds[0].fd = fd;
+              /* This shouldn't be necessary, but macOS doesn't seem to
+                 like a zeroed out events field.
+                 See rdar://37537852.
+              */
+              fds[0].events = POLLHUP;
+              auto count = poll(fds, 1, -1);
+              if (count == -1) abort(); // can't happen
+              /* This shouldn't happen, but can on macOS due to a bug.
+                 See rdar://37550628.
+
+                 This may eventually need a delay or further
+                 coordination with the main thread if spinning proves
+                 too harmful.
+               */
+              if (count == 0) continue;
+              assert(fds[0].revents & POLLHUP);
+              triggerInterrupt();
+              break;
+            }
         });
     };
 
diff --git a/src/libutil/util.cc b/src/libutil/util.cc
index f7a12d21b244..341dedfdf038 100644
--- a/src/libutil/util.cc
+++ b/src/libutil/util.cc
@@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ std::string filterANSIEscapes(const std::string & s, unsigned int width)
 
         else if (*i == '\r')
             // do nothing for now
-            ;
+            i++;
 
         else {
             t += *i++; w++;
diff --git a/src/nix-build/nix-build.cc b/src/nix-build/nix-build.cc
index 1581c282c75c..99f773451ffe 100755
--- a/src/nix-build/nix-build.cc
+++ b/src/nix-build/nix-build.cc
@@ -232,6 +232,8 @@ void mainWrapped(int argc, char * * argv)
 
     myArgs.parseCmdline(args);
 
+    initPlugins();
+
     if (packages && fromArgs)
         throw UsageError("'-p' and '-E' are mutually exclusive");
 
diff --git a/src/nix-channel/nix-channel.cc b/src/nix-channel/nix-channel.cc
index 370f216abccd..ec9a7174ecb9 100755
--- a/src/nix-channel/nix-channel.cc
+++ b/src/nix-channel/nix-channel.cc
@@ -213,6 +213,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv)
             }
             return true;
         });
+
+        initPlugins();
+
         switch (cmd) {
             case cNone:
                 throw UsageError("no command specified");
diff --git a/src/nix-collect-garbage/nix-collect-garbage.cc b/src/nix-collect-garbage/nix-collect-garbage.cc
index cc663a96924d..37fe22f48134 100644
--- a/src/nix-collect-garbage/nix-collect-garbage.cc
+++ b/src/nix-collect-garbage/nix-collect-garbage.cc
@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
             return true;
         });
 
+        initPlugins();
+
         auto profilesDir = settings.nixStateDir + "/profiles";
         if (removeOld) removeOldGenerations(profilesDir);
 
diff --git a/src/nix-copy-closure/nix-copy-closure.cc b/src/nix-copy-closure/nix-copy-closure.cc
index 861fc2e5cd64..dfb1b8fc5dc4 100755
--- a/src/nix-copy-closure/nix-copy-closure.cc
+++ b/src/nix-copy-closure/nix-copy-closure.cc
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv)
             return true;
         });
 
+        initPlugins();
+
         if (sshHost.empty())
             throw UsageError("no host name specified");
 
diff --git a/src/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc b/src/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc
index d3a8ebbdda50..890bffa19aa5 100644
--- a/src/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc
+++ b/src/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc
@@ -1060,6 +1060,8 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
             return true;
         });
 
+        initPlugins();
+
         if (stdio) {
             if (getStoreType() == tDaemon) {
                 /* Forward on this connection to the real daemon */
diff --git a/src/nix-env/nix-env.cc b/src/nix-env/nix-env.cc
index 016caf6d2346..97e66cbd937e 100644
--- a/src/nix-env/nix-env.cc
+++ b/src/nix-env/nix-env.cc
@@ -1393,6 +1393,8 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
 
         myArgs.parseCmdline(argvToStrings(argc, argv));
 
+        initPlugins();
+
         if (!op) throw UsageError("no operation specified");
 
         auto store = openStore();
diff --git a/src/nix-instantiate/nix-instantiate.cc b/src/nix-instantiate/nix-instantiate.cc
index e05040a42deb..dd262bea0918 100644
--- a/src/nix-instantiate/nix-instantiate.cc
+++ b/src/nix-instantiate/nix-instantiate.cc
@@ -151,6 +151,8 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
 
         myArgs.parseCmdline(argvToStrings(argc, argv));
 
+        initPlugins();
+
         if (evalOnly && !wantsReadWrite)
             settings.readOnlyMode = true;
 
diff --git a/src/nix-prefetch-url/nix-prefetch-url.cc b/src/nix-prefetch-url/nix-prefetch-url.cc
index fef3eaa45538..fa7ee254500c 100644
--- a/src/nix-prefetch-url/nix-prefetch-url.cc
+++ b/src/nix-prefetch-url/nix-prefetch-url.cc
@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
 
         myArgs.parseCmdline(argvToStrings(argc, argv));
 
+        initPlugins();
+
         if (args.size() > 2)
             throw UsageError("too many arguments");
 
diff --git a/src/nix-store/nix-store.cc b/src/nix-store/nix-store.cc
index 4fc3421c0dde..efef7f15c094 100644
--- a/src/nix-store/nix-store.cc
+++ b/src/nix-store/nix-store.cc
@@ -1052,6 +1052,8 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
             return true;
         });
 
+        initPlugins();
+
         if (!op) throw UsageError("no operation specified");
 
         if (op != opDump && op != opRestore) /* !!! hack */
diff --git a/src/nix/build.cc b/src/nix/build.cc
index 093415a0de12..b329ac38ac2b 100644
--- a/src/nix/build.cc
+++ b/src/nix/build.cc
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ struct CmdBuild : MixDryRun, InstallablesCommand
 
     void run(ref<Store> store) override
     {
-        auto buildables = toBuildables(store, dryRun ? DryRun : Build, installables);
+        auto buildables = build(store, dryRun ? DryRun : Build, installables);
 
         if (dryRun) return;
 
diff --git a/src/nix/command.hh b/src/nix/command.hh
index a7863c49f37a..97a6fee7fd27 100644
--- a/src/nix/command.hh
+++ b/src/nix/command.hh
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<Installable> parseInstallable(
     SourceExprCommand & cmd, ref<Store> store, const std::string & installable,
     bool useDefaultInstallables);
 
-Buildables toBuildables(ref<Store> store, RealiseMode mode,
+Buildables build(ref<Store> store, RealiseMode mode,
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Installable>> installables);
 
 PathSet toStorePaths(ref<Store> store, RealiseMode mode,
diff --git a/src/nix/copy.cc b/src/nix/copy.cc
index 2ddea9e70a6a..f29429c1ac49 100644
--- a/src/nix/copy.cc
+++ b/src/nix/copy.cc
@@ -57,15 +57,15 @@ struct CmdCopy : StorePathsCommand
         return {
             Example{
                 "To copy Firefox from the local store to a binary cache in file:///tmp/cache:",
-                "nix copy --to file:///tmp/cache -r $(type -p firefox)"
+                "nix copy --to file:///tmp/cache $(type -p firefox)"
             },
             Example{
                 "To copy the entire current NixOS system closure to another machine via SSH:",
-                "nix copy --to ssh://server -r /run/current-system"
+                "nix copy --to ssh://server /run/current-system"
             },
             Example{
                 "To copy a closure from another machine via SSH:",
-                "nix copy --from ssh://server -r /nix/store/a6cnl93nk1wxnq84brbbwr6hxw9gp2w9-blender-2.79-rc2"
+                "nix copy --from ssh://server /nix/store/a6cnl93nk1wxnq84brbbwr6hxw9gp2w9-blender-2.79-rc2"
             },
         };
     }
diff --git a/src/nix/installables.cc b/src/nix/installables.cc
index c3b06c22eba8..a3fdd8a2808d 100644
--- a/src/nix/installables.cc
+++ b/src/nix/installables.cc
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<Installable> parseInstallable(
     return installables.front();
 }
 
-Buildables toBuildables(ref<Store> store, RealiseMode mode,
+Buildables build(ref<Store> store, RealiseMode mode,
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Installable>> installables)
 {
     if (mode != Build)
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ PathSet toStorePaths(ref<Store> store, RealiseMode mode,
 {
     PathSet outPaths;
 
-    for (auto & b : toBuildables(store, mode, installables))
+    for (auto & b : build(store, mode, installables))
         for (auto & output : b.outputs)
             outPaths.insert(output.second);
 
diff --git a/src/nix/ls.cc b/src/nix/ls.cc
index 69620595d8ca..e99622faf472 100644
--- a/src/nix/ls.cc
+++ b/src/nix/ls.cc
@@ -90,6 +90,16 @@ struct CmdLsStore : StoreCommand, MixLs
         expectArg("path", &path);
     }
 
+    Examples examples() override
+    {
+        return {
+            Example{
+                "To list the contents of a store path in a binary cache:",
+                "nix ls-store --store https://cache.nixos.org/ -lR /nix/store/0i2jd68mp5g6h2sa5k9c85rb80sn8hi9-hello-2.10"
+            },
+        };
+    }
+
     std::string name() override
     {
         return "ls-store";
@@ -116,6 +126,16 @@ struct CmdLsNar : Command, MixLs
         expectArg("path", &path);
     }
 
+    Examples examples() override
+    {
+        return {
+            Example{
+                "To list a specific file in a NAR:",
+                "nix ls-nar -l hello.nar /bin/hello"
+            },
+        };
+    }
+
     std::string name() override
     {
         return "ls-nar";
diff --git a/src/nix/main.cc b/src/nix/main.cc
index 8f6bbe8f51ae..bb107ec7d3f6 100644
--- a/src/nix/main.cc
+++ b/src/nix/main.cc
@@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ void mainWrapped(int argc, char * * argv)
 
     args.parseCmdline(argvToStrings(argc, argv));
 
+    initPlugins();
+
     if (!args.command) args.showHelpAndExit();
 
     Finally f([]() { stopProgressBar(); });
diff --git a/src/nix/ping-store.cc b/src/nix/ping-store.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..310942574a2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/nix/ping-store.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include "command.hh"
+#include "shared.hh"
+#include "store-api.hh"
+
+using namespace nix;
+
+struct CmdPingStore : StoreCommand
+{
+    std::string name() override
+    {
+        return "ping-store";
+    }
+
+    std::string description() override
+    {
+        return "test whether a store can be opened";
+    }
+
+    Examples examples() override
+    {
+        return {
+            Example{
+                "To test whether connecting to a remote Nix store via SSH works:",
+                "nix ping-store --store ssh://mac1"
+            },
+        };
+    }
+
+    void run(ref<Store> store) override
+    {
+        store->connect();
+    }
+};
+
+static RegisterCommand r1(make_ref<CmdPingStore>());
diff --git a/src/nix/run.cc b/src/nix/run.cc
index ade87e63a49c..822654daf488 100644
--- a/src/nix/run.cc
+++ b/src/nix/run.cc
@@ -85,6 +85,10 @@ struct CmdRun : InstallablesCommand
                 "To run GNU Hello:",
                 "nix run nixpkgs.hello -c hello --greeting 'Hi everybody!'"
             },
+            Example{
+                "To run GNU Hello in a chroot store:",
+                "nix run --store ~/my-nix nixpkgs.hello -c hello"
+            },
         };
     }