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-rw-r--r--src/libexpr/eval.cc1435
1 files changed, 1435 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/libexpr/eval.cc b/src/libexpr/eval.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2087c7c43ffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libexpr/eval.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1435 @@
+#include "eval.hh"
+#include "hash.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+#include "store-api.hh"
+#include "derivations.hh"
+#include "globals.hh"
+#include "eval-inline.hh"
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+
+#if HAVE_BOEHMGC
+
+#include <gc/gc.h>
+#include <gc/gc_cpp.h>
+
+#define NEW new (UseGC)
+
+#else
+
+#define GC_STRDUP strdup
+#define GC_MALLOC malloc
+
+#define NEW new
+
+#endif
+
+
+namespace nix {
+
+
+Bindings::iterator Bindings::find(const Symbol & name)
+{
+    Attr key(name, 0);
+    iterator i = lower_bound(begin(), end(), key);
+    if (i != end() && i->name == name) return i;
+    return end();
+}
+
+
+void Bindings::sort()
+{
+    std::sort(begin(), end());
+}
+
+
+std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream & str, const Value & v)
+{
+    switch (v.type) {
+    case tInt:
+        str << v.integer;
+        break;
+    case tBool:
+        str << (v.boolean ? "true" : "false");
+        break;
+    case tString:
+        str << "\"";
+        for (const char * i = v.string.s; *i; i++)
+            if (*i == '\"' || *i == '\\') str << "\\" << *i;
+            else if (*i == '\n') str << "\\n";
+            else if (*i == '\r') str << "\\r";
+            else if (*i == '\t') str << "\\t";
+            else str << *i;
+        str << "\"";
+        break;
+    case tPath:
+        str << v.path; // !!! escaping?
+        break;
+    case tNull:
+        str << "null";
+        break;
+    case tAttrs: {
+        str << "{ ";
+        typedef std::map<string, Value *> Sorted;
+        Sorted sorted;
+        foreach (Bindings::iterator, i, *v.attrs)
+            sorted[i->name] = i->value;
+        foreach (Sorted::iterator, i, sorted)
+            str << i->first << " = " << *i->second << "; ";
+        str << "}";
+        break;
+    }
+    case tList:
+        str << "[ ";
+        for (unsigned int n = 0; n < v.list.length; ++n)
+            str << *v.list.elems[n] << " ";
+        str << "]";
+        break;
+    case tThunk:
+    case tApp:
+        str << "<CODE>";
+        break;
+    case tLambda:
+        str << "<LAMBDA>";
+        break;
+    case tPrimOp:
+        str << "<PRIMOP>";
+        break;
+    case tPrimOpApp:
+        str << "<PRIMOP-APP>";
+        break;
+    default:
+        throw Error("invalid value");
+    }
+    return str;
+}
+
+
+string showType(const Value & v)
+{
+    switch (v.type) {
+        case tInt: return "an integer";
+        case tBool: return "a boolean";
+        case tString: return "a string";
+        case tPath: return "a path";
+        case tNull: return "null";
+        case tAttrs: return "a set";
+        case tList: return "a list";
+        case tThunk: return "a thunk";
+        case tApp: return "a function application";
+        case tLambda: return "a function";
+        case tBlackhole: return "a black hole";
+        case tPrimOp: return "a built-in function";
+        case tPrimOpApp: return "a partially applied built-in function";
+    }
+    abort();
+}
+
+
+/* Called when the Boehm GC runs out of memory. */
+static void * oomHandler(size_t requested)
+{
+    /* Convert this to a proper C++ exception. */
+    throw std::bad_alloc();
+}
+
+
+static Symbol getName(const AttrName & name, EvalState & state, Env & env) {
+    if (name.symbol.set()) {
+        return name.symbol;
+    } else {
+        Value nameValue;
+        name.expr->eval(state, env, nameValue);
+        state.forceStringNoCtx(nameValue);
+        return state.symbols.create(nameValue.string.s);
+    }
+}
+
+
+EvalState::EvalState()
+    : sWith(symbols.create("<with>"))
+    , sOutPath(symbols.create("outPath"))
+    , sDrvPath(symbols.create("drvPath"))
+    , sType(symbols.create("type"))
+    , sMeta(symbols.create("meta"))
+    , sName(symbols.create("name"))
+    , sValue(symbols.create("value"))
+    , sSystem(symbols.create("system"))
+    , sOverrides(symbols.create("__overrides"))
+    , sOutputs(symbols.create("outputs"))
+    , sOutputName(symbols.create("outputName"))
+    , sIgnoreNulls(symbols.create("__ignoreNulls"))
+    , sFile(symbols.create("file"))
+    , sLine(symbols.create("line"))
+    , sColumn(symbols.create("column"))
+    , repair(false)
+    , baseEnv(allocEnv(128))
+    , staticBaseEnv(false, 0)
+    , baseEnvDispl(0)
+{
+    nrEnvs = nrValuesInEnvs = nrValues = nrListElems = 0;
+    nrAttrsets = nrOpUpdates = nrOpUpdateValuesCopied = 0;
+    nrListConcats = nrPrimOpCalls = nrFunctionCalls = 0;
+    countCalls = getEnv("NIX_COUNT_CALLS", "0") != "0";
+
+#if HAVE_BOEHMGC
+    static bool gcInitialised = false;
+    if (!gcInitialised) {
+
+        /* Initialise the Boehm garbage collector.  This isn't
+           necessary on most platforms, but for portability we do it
+           anyway. */
+        GC_INIT();
+
+        GC_oom_fn = oomHandler;
+
+        /* Set the initial heap size to something fairly big (25% of
+           physical RAM, up to a maximum of 384 MiB) so that in most
+           cases we don't need to garbage collect at all.  (Collection
+           has a fairly significant overhead.)  The heap size can be
+           overridden through libgc's GC_INITIAL_HEAP_SIZE environment
+           variable.  We should probably also provide a nix.conf
+           setting for this.  Note that GC_expand_hp() causes a lot of
+           virtual, but not physical (resident) memory to be
+           allocated.  This might be a problem on systems that don't
+           overcommit. */
+        if (!getenv("GC_INITIAL_HEAP_SIZE")) {
+            size_t maxSize = 384 * 1024 * 1024;
+            size_t size = 32 * 1024 * 1024;
+#if HAVE_SYSCONF && defined(_SC_PAGESIZE) && defined(_SC_PHYS_PAGES)
+            long pageSize = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+            long pages = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
+            if (pageSize != -1)
+                size = (pageSize * pages) / 4; // 25% of RAM
+            if (size > maxSize) size = maxSize;
+#endif
+            debug(format("setting initial heap size to %1% bytes") % size);
+            GC_expand_hp(size);
+        }
+
+        gcInitialised = true;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /* Initialise the Nix expression search path. */
+    searchPathInsertionPoint = searchPath.end();
+    Strings paths = tokenizeString<Strings>(getEnv("NIX_PATH", ""), ":");
+    foreach (Strings::iterator, i, paths) addToSearchPath(*i);
+    addToSearchPath("nix=" + settings.nixDataDir + "/nix/corepkgs");
+    searchPathInsertionPoint = searchPath.begin();
+
+    createBaseEnv();
+}
+
+
+EvalState::~EvalState()
+{
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::addConstant(const string & name, Value & v)
+{
+    Value * v2 = allocValue();
+    *v2 = v;
+    staticBaseEnv.vars[symbols.create(name)] = baseEnvDispl;
+    baseEnv.values[baseEnvDispl++] = v2;
+    string name2 = string(name, 0, 2) == "__" ? string(name, 2) : name;
+    baseEnv.values[0]->attrs->push_back(Attr(symbols.create(name2), v2));
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::addPrimOp(const string & name,
+    unsigned int arity, PrimOpFun primOp)
+{
+    Value * v = allocValue();
+    string name2 = string(name, 0, 2) == "__" ? string(name, 2) : name;
+    Symbol sym = symbols.create(name2);
+    v->type = tPrimOp;
+    v->primOp = NEW PrimOp(primOp, arity, sym);
+    staticBaseEnv.vars[symbols.create(name)] = baseEnvDispl;
+    baseEnv.values[baseEnvDispl++] = v;
+    baseEnv.values[0]->attrs->push_back(Attr(sym, v));
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::getBuiltin(const string & name, Value & v)
+{
+    v = *baseEnv.values[0]->attrs->find(symbols.create(name))->value;
+}
+
+
+/* Every "format" object (even temporary) takes up a few hundred bytes
+   of stack space, which is a real killer in the recursive
+   evaluator.  So here are some helper functions for throwing
+   exceptions. */
+
+LocalNoInlineNoReturn(void throwEvalError(const char * s, const string & s2))
+{
+    throw EvalError(format(s) % s2);
+}
+
+LocalNoInlineNoReturn(void throwEvalError(const char * s, const string & s2, const string & s3))
+{
+    throw EvalError(format(s) % s2 % s3);
+}
+
+LocalNoInlineNoReturn(void throwEvalError(const char * s, const Symbol & sym, const Pos & p1, const Pos & p2))
+{
+    throw EvalError(format(s) % sym % p1 % p2);
+}
+
+LocalNoInlineNoReturn(void throwTypeError(const char * s))
+{
+    throw TypeError(s);
+}
+
+LocalNoInlineNoReturn(void throwTypeError(const char * s, const string & s1))
+{
+    throw TypeError(format(s) % s1);
+}
+
+LocalNoInlineNoReturn(void throwTypeError(const char * s, const string & s1, const string & s2))
+{
+    throw TypeError(format(s) % s1 % s2);
+}
+
+LocalNoInlineNoReturn(void throwTypeError(const char * s, const ExprLambda & fun, const Symbol & s2))
+{
+    throw TypeError(format(s) % fun.showNamePos() % s2);
+}
+
+LocalNoInlineNoReturn(void throwAssertionError(const char * s, const Pos & pos))
+{
+    throw AssertionError(format(s) % pos);
+}
+
+LocalNoInlineNoReturn(void throwUndefinedVarError(const char * s, const string & s1, const Pos & pos))
+{
+    throw UndefinedVarError(format(s) % s1 % pos);
+}
+
+LocalNoInline(void addErrorPrefix(Error & e, const char * s, const string & s2))
+{
+    e.addPrefix(format(s) % s2);
+}
+
+LocalNoInline(void addErrorPrefix(Error & e, const char * s, const ExprLambda & fun))
+{
+    e.addPrefix(format(s) % fun.showNamePos());
+}
+
+LocalNoInline(void addErrorPrefix(Error & e, const char * s, const string & s2, const Pos & pos))
+{
+    e.addPrefix(format(s) % s2 % pos);
+}
+
+
+void mkString(Value & v, const char * s)
+{
+    mkStringNoCopy(v, GC_STRDUP(s));
+}
+
+
+void mkString(Value & v, const string & s, const PathSet & context)
+{
+    mkString(v, s.c_str());
+    if (!context.empty()) {
+        unsigned int n = 0;
+        v.string.context = (const char * *)
+            GC_MALLOC((context.size() + 1) * sizeof(char *));
+        foreach (PathSet::const_iterator, i, context)
+            v.string.context[n++] = GC_STRDUP(i->c_str());
+        v.string.context[n] = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void mkPath(Value & v, const char * s)
+{
+    mkPathNoCopy(v, GC_STRDUP(s));
+}
+
+
+inline Value * EvalState::lookupVar(Env * env, const ExprVar & var, bool noEval)
+{
+    for (unsigned int l = var.level; l; --l, env = env->up) ;
+
+    if (!var.fromWith) return env->values[var.displ];
+
+    while (1) {
+        if (!env->haveWithAttrs) {
+            if (noEval) return 0;
+            Value * v = allocValue();
+            evalAttrs(*env->up, (Expr *) env->values[0], *v);
+            env->values[0] = v;
+            env->haveWithAttrs = true;
+        }
+        Bindings::iterator j = env->values[0]->attrs->find(var.name);
+        if (j != env->values[0]->attrs->end()) {
+            if (countCalls && j->pos) attrSelects[*j->pos]++;
+            return j->value;
+        }
+        if (!env->prevWith)
+            throwUndefinedVarError("undefined variable `%1%' at %2%", var.name, var.pos);
+        for (unsigned int l = env->prevWith; l; --l, env = env->up) ;
+    }
+}
+
+
+Value * EvalState::allocValue()
+{
+    nrValues++;
+    return (Value *) GC_MALLOC(sizeof(Value));
+}
+
+
+Env & EvalState::allocEnv(unsigned int size)
+{
+    nrEnvs++;
+    nrValuesInEnvs += size;
+    Env * env = (Env *) GC_MALLOC(sizeof(Env) + size * sizeof(Value *));
+
+    /* Clear the values because maybeThunk() and lookupVar fromWith expects this. */
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+        env->values[i] = 0;
+
+    return *env;
+}
+
+
+Value * EvalState::allocAttr(Value & vAttrs, const Symbol & name)
+{
+    Value * v = allocValue();
+    vAttrs.attrs->push_back(Attr(name, v));
+    return v;
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::mkList(Value & v, unsigned int length)
+{
+    v.type = tList;
+    v.list.length = length;
+    v.list.elems = length ? (Value * *) GC_MALLOC(length * sizeof(Value *)) : 0;
+    nrListElems += length;
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::mkAttrs(Value & v, unsigned int expected)
+{
+    clearValue(v);
+    v.type = tAttrs;
+    v.attrs = NEW Bindings;
+    v.attrs->reserve(expected);
+    nrAttrsets++;
+}
+
+
+unsigned long nrThunks = 0;
+
+static inline void mkThunk(Value & v, Env & env, Expr * expr)
+{
+    v.type = tThunk;
+    v.thunk.env = &env;
+    v.thunk.expr = expr;
+    nrThunks++;
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::mkThunk_(Value & v, Expr * expr)
+{
+    mkThunk(v, baseEnv, expr);
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::mkPos(Value & v, Pos * pos)
+{
+    if (pos) {
+        mkAttrs(v, 3);
+        mkString(*allocAttr(v, sFile), pos->file);
+        mkInt(*allocAttr(v, sLine), pos->line);
+        mkInt(*allocAttr(v, sColumn), pos->column);
+        v.attrs->sort();
+    } else
+        mkNull(v);
+}
+
+
+/* Create a thunk for the delayed computation of the given expression
+   in the given environment.  But if the expression is a variable,
+   then look it up right away.  This significantly reduces the number
+   of thunks allocated. */
+Value * Expr::maybeThunk(EvalState & state, Env & env)
+{
+    Value * v = state.allocValue();
+    mkThunk(*v, env, this);
+    return v;
+}
+
+
+unsigned long nrAvoided = 0;
+
+Value * ExprVar::maybeThunk(EvalState & state, Env & env)
+{
+    Value * v = state.lookupVar(&env, *this, true);
+    /* The value might not be initialised in the environment yet.
+       In that case, ignore it. */
+    if (v) { nrAvoided++; return v; }
+    return Expr::maybeThunk(state, env);
+}
+
+
+Value * ExprString::maybeThunk(EvalState & state, Env & env)
+{
+    nrAvoided++;
+    return &v;
+}
+
+Value * ExprInt::maybeThunk(EvalState & state, Env & env)
+{
+    nrAvoided++;
+    return &v;
+}
+
+Value * ExprPath::maybeThunk(EvalState & state, Env & env)
+{
+    nrAvoided++;
+    return &v;
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::evalFile(const Path & path, Value & v)
+{
+    FileEvalCache::iterator i;
+    if ((i = fileEvalCache.find(path)) != fileEvalCache.end()) {
+        v = i->second;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    Path path2 = resolveExprPath(path);
+    if ((i = fileEvalCache.find(path2)) != fileEvalCache.end()) {
+        v = i->second;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    startNest(nest, lvlTalkative, format("evaluating file `%1%'") % path2);
+    Expr * e = parseExprFromFile(path2);
+    try {
+        eval(e, v);
+    } catch (Error & e) {
+        addErrorPrefix(e, "while evaluating the file `%1%':\n", path2);
+        throw;
+    }
+
+    fileEvalCache[path2] = v;
+    if (path != path2) fileEvalCache[path] = v;
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::resetFileCache()
+{
+    fileEvalCache.clear();
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::eval(Expr * e, Value & v)
+{
+    e->eval(*this, baseEnv, v);
+}
+
+
+inline bool EvalState::evalBool(Env & env, Expr * e, Value & v)
+{
+    e->eval(*this, env, v);
+    if (v.type != tBool)
+        throwTypeError("value is %1% while a Boolean was expected", v);
+    return v.boolean;
+}
+
+
+inline bool EvalState::evalBool(Env & env, Expr * e)
+{
+    Value v;
+    return evalBool(env, e, v);
+}
+
+
+inline void EvalState::evalAttrs(Env & env, Expr * e, Value & v)
+{
+    e->eval(*this, env, v);
+    if (v.type != tAttrs)
+        throwTypeError("value is %1% while a set was expected", v);
+}
+
+
+void Expr::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    abort();
+}
+
+
+void ExprInt::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    v = this->v;
+}
+
+
+void ExprString::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    v = this->v;
+}
+
+
+void ExprPath::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    v = this->v;
+}
+
+
+void ExprAttrs::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    state.mkAttrs(v, attrs.size());
+    Env *dynamicEnv = &env;
+
+    if (recursive) {
+        /* Create a new environment that contains the attributes in
+           this `rec'. */
+        Env & env2(state.allocEnv(attrs.size()));
+        env2.up = &env;
+        dynamicEnv = &env2;
+
+        AttrDefs::iterator overrides = attrs.find(state.sOverrides);
+        bool hasOverrides = overrides != attrs.end();
+
+        /* The recursive attributes are evaluated in the new
+           environment, while the inherited attributes are evaluated
+           in the original environment. */
+        unsigned int displ = 0;
+        foreach (AttrDefs::iterator, i, attrs) {
+            Value * vAttr;
+            if (hasOverrides && !i->second.inherited) {
+                vAttr = state.allocValue();
+                mkThunk(*vAttr, env2, i->second.e);
+            } else
+                vAttr = i->second.e->maybeThunk(state, i->second.inherited ? env : env2);
+            env2.values[displ++] = vAttr;
+            v.attrs->push_back(Attr(i->first, vAttr, &i->second.pos));
+        }
+
+        /* If the rec contains an attribute called `__overrides', then
+           evaluate it, and add the attributes in that set to the rec.
+           This allows overriding of recursive attributes, which is
+           otherwise not possible.  (You can use the // operator to
+           replace an attribute, but other attributes in the rec will
+           still reference the original value, because that value has
+           been substituted into the bodies of the other attributes.
+           Hence we need __overrides.) */
+        if (hasOverrides) {
+            Value * vOverrides = (*v.attrs)[overrides->second.displ].value;
+            state.forceAttrs(*vOverrides);
+            foreach (Bindings::iterator, i, *vOverrides->attrs) {
+                AttrDefs::iterator j = attrs.find(i->name);
+                if (j != attrs.end()) {
+                    (*v.attrs)[j->second.displ] = *i;
+                    env2.values[j->second.displ] = i->value;
+                } else
+                    v.attrs->push_back(*i);
+            }
+            v.attrs->sort();
+        }
+    }
+
+    else
+        foreach (AttrDefs::iterator, i, attrs)
+            v.attrs->push_back(Attr(i->first, i->second.e->maybeThunk(state, env), &i->second.pos));
+
+    /* dynamic attrs apply *after* rec and __overrides */
+    foreach (DynamicAttrDefs::iterator, i, dynamicAttrs) {
+        Value nameVal;
+        i->nameExpr->eval(state, *dynamicEnv, nameVal);
+        state.forceStringNoCtx(nameVal);
+        Symbol nameSym = state.symbols.create(nameVal.string.s);
+        Bindings::iterator j = v.attrs->find(nameSym);
+        if (j != v.attrs->end())
+            throwEvalError("dynamic attribute `%1%' at %2% already defined at %3%", nameSym, i->pos, *j->pos);
+
+        i->valueExpr->setName(nameSym);
+        /* Keep sorted order so find can catch duplicates */
+        v.attrs->insert(lower_bound(v.attrs->begin(), v.attrs->end(), Attr(nameSym, 0)),
+                Attr(nameSym, i->valueExpr->maybeThunk(state, *dynamicEnv), &i->pos));
+    }
+}
+
+
+void ExprLet::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    /* Create a new environment that contains the attributes in this
+       `let'. */
+    Env & env2(state.allocEnv(attrs->attrs.size()));
+    env2.up = &env;
+
+    /* The recursive attributes are evaluated in the new environment,
+       while the inherited attributes are evaluated in the original
+       environment. */
+    unsigned int displ = 0;
+    foreach (ExprAttrs::AttrDefs::iterator, i, attrs->attrs)
+        env2.values[displ++] = i->second.e->maybeThunk(state, i->second.inherited ? env : env2);
+
+    body->eval(state, env2, v);
+}
+
+
+void ExprList::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    state.mkList(v, elems.size());
+    for (unsigned int n = 0; n < v.list.length; ++n)
+        v.list.elems[n] = elems[n]->maybeThunk(state, env);
+}
+
+
+void ExprVar::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    Value * v2 = state.lookupVar(&env, *this, false);
+    state.forceValue(*v2);
+    v = *v2;
+}
+
+
+unsigned long nrLookups = 0;
+
+void ExprSelect::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    Value vTmp;
+    Pos * pos = 0;
+    Value * vAttrs = &vTmp;
+
+    e->eval(state, env, vTmp);
+
+    try {
+
+        foreach (AttrPath::const_iterator, i, attrPath) {
+            nrLookups++;
+            Bindings::iterator j;
+            Symbol name = getName(*i, state, env);
+            if (def) {
+                state.forceValue(*vAttrs);
+                if (vAttrs->type != tAttrs ||
+                    (j = vAttrs->attrs->find(name)) == vAttrs->attrs->end())
+                {
+                    def->eval(state, env, v);
+                    return;
+                }
+            } else {
+                state.forceAttrs(*vAttrs);
+                if ((j = vAttrs->attrs->find(name)) == vAttrs->attrs->end())
+                    throwEvalError("attribute `%1%' missing", showAttrPath(attrPath));
+            }
+            vAttrs = j->value;
+            pos = j->pos;
+            if (state.countCalls && pos) state.attrSelects[*pos]++;
+        }
+
+        state.forceValue(*vAttrs);
+
+    } catch (Error & e) {
+        if (pos && pos->file != state.sDerivationNix)
+            addErrorPrefix(e, "while evaluating the attribute `%1%' at %2%:\n",
+                showAttrPath(attrPath), *pos);
+        throw;
+    }
+
+    v = *vAttrs;
+}
+
+
+void ExprOpHasAttr::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    Value vTmp;
+    Value * vAttrs = &vTmp;
+
+    e->eval(state, env, vTmp);
+
+    foreach (AttrPath::const_iterator, i, attrPath) {
+        state.forceValue(*vAttrs);
+        Bindings::iterator j;
+        Symbol name = getName(*i, state, env);
+        if (vAttrs->type != tAttrs ||
+            (j = vAttrs->attrs->find(name)) == vAttrs->attrs->end())
+        {
+            mkBool(v, false);
+            return;
+        } else {
+            vAttrs = j->value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    mkBool(v, true);
+}
+
+
+void ExprLambda::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    v.type = tLambda;
+    v.lambda.env = &env;
+    v.lambda.fun = this;
+}
+
+
+void ExprApp::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    e1->eval(state, env, v);
+    state.callFunction(v, *(e2->maybeThunk(state, env)), v);
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::callPrimOp(Value & fun, Value & arg, Value & v)
+{
+    /* Figure out the number of arguments still needed. */
+    unsigned int argsDone = 0;
+    Value * primOp = &fun;
+    while (primOp->type == tPrimOpApp) {
+        argsDone++;
+        primOp = primOp->primOpApp.left;
+    }
+    assert(primOp->type == tPrimOp);
+    unsigned int arity = primOp->primOp->arity;
+    unsigned int argsLeft = arity - argsDone;
+
+    if (argsLeft == 1) {
+        /* We have all the arguments, so call the primop. */
+
+        /* Put all the arguments in an array. */
+        Value * vArgs[arity];
+        unsigned int n = arity - 1;
+        vArgs[n--] = &arg;
+        for (Value * arg = &fun; arg->type == tPrimOpApp; arg = arg->primOpApp.left)
+            vArgs[n--] = arg->primOpApp.right;
+
+        /* And call the primop. */
+        nrPrimOpCalls++;
+        if (countCalls) primOpCalls[primOp->primOp->name]++;
+        primOp->primOp->fun(*this, vArgs, v);
+    } else {
+        Value * fun2 = allocValue();
+        *fun2 = fun;
+        v.type = tPrimOpApp;
+        v.primOpApp.left = fun2;
+        v.primOpApp.right = &arg;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::callFunction(Value & fun, Value & arg, Value & v)
+{
+    if (fun.type == tPrimOp || fun.type == tPrimOpApp) {
+        callPrimOp(fun, arg, v);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (fun.type != tLambda)
+        throwTypeError("attempt to call something which is not a function but %1%", fun);
+
+    ExprLambda & lambda(*fun.lambda.fun);
+
+    unsigned int size =
+        (lambda.arg.empty() ? 0 : 1) +
+        (lambda.matchAttrs ? lambda.formals->formals.size() : 0);
+    Env & env2(allocEnv(size));
+    env2.up = fun.lambda.env;
+
+    unsigned int displ = 0;
+
+    if (!lambda.matchAttrs)
+        env2.values[displ++] = &arg;
+
+    else {
+        forceAttrs(arg);
+
+        if (!lambda.arg.empty())
+            env2.values[displ++] = &arg;
+
+        /* For each formal argument, get the actual argument.  If
+           there is no matching actual argument but the formal
+           argument has a default, use the default. */
+        unsigned int attrsUsed = 0;
+        foreach (Formals::Formals_::iterator, i, lambda.formals->formals) {
+            Bindings::iterator j = arg.attrs->find(i->name);
+            if (j == arg.attrs->end()) {
+                if (!i->def) throwTypeError("%1% called without required argument `%2%'",
+                    lambda, i->name);
+                env2.values[displ++] = i->def->maybeThunk(*this, env2);
+            } else {
+                attrsUsed++;
+                env2.values[displ++] = j->value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* Check that each actual argument is listed as a formal
+           argument (unless the attribute match specifies a `...'). */
+        if (!lambda.formals->ellipsis && attrsUsed != arg.attrs->size()) {
+            /* Nope, so show the first unexpected argument to the
+               user. */
+            foreach (Bindings::iterator, i, *arg.attrs)
+                if (lambda.formals->argNames.find(i->name) == lambda.formals->argNames.end())
+                    throwTypeError("%1% called with unexpected argument `%2%'", lambda, i->name);
+            abort(); // can't happen
+        }
+    }
+
+    nrFunctionCalls++;
+    if (countCalls) incrFunctionCall(&lambda);
+
+    /* Evaluate the body.  This is conditional on showTrace, because
+       catching exceptions makes this function not tail-recursive. */
+    if (settings.showTrace)
+        try {
+            lambda.body->eval(*this, env2, v);
+        } catch (Error & e) {
+            addErrorPrefix(e, "while evaluating %1%:\n", lambda);
+            throw;
+        }
+    else
+        fun.lambda.fun->body->eval(*this, env2, v);
+}
+
+
+// Lifted out of callFunction() because it creates a temporary that
+// prevents tail-call optimisation.
+void EvalState::incrFunctionCall(ExprLambda * fun)
+{
+    functionCalls[fun]++;
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::autoCallFunction(Bindings & args, Value & fun, Value & res)
+{
+    forceValue(fun);
+
+    if (fun.type != tLambda || !fun.lambda.fun->matchAttrs) {
+        res = fun;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    Value * actualArgs = allocValue();
+    mkAttrs(*actualArgs, fun.lambda.fun->formals->formals.size());
+
+    foreach (Formals::Formals_::iterator, i, fun.lambda.fun->formals->formals) {
+        Bindings::iterator j = args.find(i->name);
+        if (j != args.end())
+            actualArgs->attrs->push_back(*j);
+        else if (!i->def)
+            throwTypeError("cannot auto-call a function that has an argument without a default value (`%1%')", i->name);
+    }
+
+    actualArgs->attrs->sort();
+
+    callFunction(fun, *actualArgs, res);
+}
+
+
+void ExprWith::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    Env & env2(state.allocEnv(1));
+    env2.up = &env;
+    env2.prevWith = prevWith;
+    env2.haveWithAttrs = false;
+    env2.values[0] = (Value *) attrs;
+
+    body->eval(state, env2, v);
+}
+
+
+void ExprIf::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    (state.evalBool(env, cond, v) ? then : else_)->eval(state, env, v);
+}
+
+
+void ExprAssert::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    if (!state.evalBool(env, cond, v))
+        throwAssertionError("assertion failed at %1%", pos);
+    body->eval(state, env, v);
+}
+
+
+void ExprOpNot::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    mkBool(v, !state.evalBool(env, e));
+}
+
+
+void ExprBuiltin::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    // Not a hot path at all, but would be nice to access state.baseEnv directly
+    Env *baseEnv = &env;
+    while (baseEnv->up) baseEnv = baseEnv->up;
+    Bindings::iterator binding = baseEnv->values[0]->attrs->find(name);
+    assert(binding != baseEnv->values[0]->attrs->end());
+    v = *binding->value;
+}
+
+
+void ExprOpEq::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    Value v1; e1->eval(state, env, v1);
+    Value v2; e2->eval(state, env, v2);
+    mkBool(v, state.eqValues(v1, v2));
+}
+
+
+void ExprOpNEq::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    Value v1; e1->eval(state, env, v1);
+    Value v2; e2->eval(state, env, v2);
+    mkBool(v, !state.eqValues(v1, v2));
+}
+
+
+void ExprOpAnd::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    mkBool(v, state.evalBool(env, e1) && state.evalBool(env, e2));
+}
+
+
+void ExprOpOr::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    mkBool(v, state.evalBool(env, e1) || state.evalBool(env, e2));
+}
+
+
+void ExprOpImpl::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    mkBool(v, !state.evalBool(env, e1) || state.evalBool(env, e2));
+}
+
+
+void ExprOpUpdate::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    Value v1, v2;
+    state.evalAttrs(env, e1, v1);
+    state.evalAttrs(env, e2, v2);
+
+    state.nrOpUpdates++;
+
+    if (v1.attrs->size() == 0) { v = v2; return; }
+    if (v2.attrs->size() == 0) { v = v1; return; }
+
+    state.mkAttrs(v, v1.attrs->size() + v2.attrs->size());
+
+    /* Merge the sets, preferring values from the second set.  Make
+       sure to keep the resulting vector in sorted order. */
+    Bindings::iterator i = v1.attrs->begin();
+    Bindings::iterator j = v2.attrs->begin();
+
+    while (i != v1.attrs->end() && j != v2.attrs->end()) {
+        if (i->name == j->name) {
+            v.attrs->push_back(*j);
+            ++i; ++j;
+        }
+        else if (i->name < j->name)
+            v.attrs->push_back(*i++);
+        else
+            v.attrs->push_back(*j++);
+    }
+
+    while (i != v1.attrs->end()) v.attrs->push_back(*i++);
+    while (j != v2.attrs->end()) v.attrs->push_back(*j++);
+
+    state.nrOpUpdateValuesCopied += v.attrs->size();
+}
+
+
+void ExprOpConcatLists::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    Value v1; e1->eval(state, env, v1);
+    Value v2; e2->eval(state, env, v2);
+    Value * lists[2] = { &v1, &v2 };
+    state.concatLists(v, 2, lists);
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::concatLists(Value & v, unsigned int nrLists, Value * * lists)
+{
+    nrListConcats++;
+
+    Value * nonEmpty = 0;
+    unsigned int len = 0;
+    for (unsigned int n = 0; n < nrLists; ++n) {
+        forceList(*lists[n]);
+        unsigned int l = lists[n]->list.length;
+        len += l;
+        if (l) nonEmpty = lists[n];
+    }
+
+    if (nonEmpty && len == nonEmpty->list.length) {
+        v = *nonEmpty;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    mkList(v, len);
+    for (unsigned int n = 0, pos = 0; n < nrLists; ++n) {
+        unsigned int l = lists[n]->list.length;
+        memcpy(v.list.elems + pos, lists[n]->list.elems, l * sizeof(Value *));
+        pos += l;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void ExprConcatStrings::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    PathSet context;
+    std::ostringstream s;
+    NixInt n = 0;
+
+    bool first = !forceString;
+    ValueType firstType = tString;
+
+    foreach (vector<Expr *>::iterator, i, *es) {
+        Value vTmp;
+        (*i)->eval(state, env, vTmp);
+
+        /* If the first element is a path, then the result will also
+           be a path, we don't copy anything (yet - that's done later,
+           since paths are copied when they are used in a derivation),
+           and none of the strings are allowed to have contexts. */
+        if (first) {
+            firstType = vTmp.type;
+            first = false;
+        }
+
+        if (firstType == tInt) {
+            if (vTmp.type != tInt)
+                throwEvalError("cannot add %1% to an integer", showType(vTmp));
+            n += vTmp.integer;
+        } else
+            s << state.coerceToString(vTmp, context, false, firstType == tString);
+    }
+
+    if (firstType == tInt)
+        mkInt(v, n);
+    else if (firstType == tPath) {
+        if (!context.empty())
+            throwEvalError("a string that refers to a store path cannot be appended to a path, in `%1%'", s.str());
+        mkPath(v, s.str().c_str());
+    } else
+        mkString(v, s.str(), context);
+}
+
+
+void ExprPos::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
+{
+    state.mkPos(v, &pos);
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::strictForceValue(Value & v)
+{
+    forceValue(v);
+
+    if (v.type == tAttrs) {
+        foreach (Bindings::iterator, i, *v.attrs)
+            strictForceValue(*i->value);
+    }
+
+    else if (v.type == tList) {
+        for (unsigned int n = 0; n < v.list.length; ++n)
+            strictForceValue(*v.list.elems[n]);
+    }
+}
+
+
+NixInt EvalState::forceInt(Value & v)
+{
+    forceValue(v);
+    if (v.type != tInt)
+        throwTypeError("value is %1% while an integer was expected", v);
+    return v.integer;
+}
+
+
+bool EvalState::forceBool(Value & v)
+{
+    forceValue(v);
+    if (v.type != tBool)
+        throwTypeError("value is %1% while a Boolean was expected", v);
+    return v.boolean;
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::forceFunction(Value & v)
+{
+    forceValue(v);
+    if (v.type != tLambda && v.type != tPrimOp && v.type != tPrimOpApp)
+        throwTypeError("value is %1% while a function was expected", v);
+}
+
+
+string EvalState::forceString(Value & v)
+{
+    forceValue(v);
+    if (v.type != tString)
+        throwTypeError("value is %1% while a string was expected", v);
+    return string(v.string.s);
+}
+
+
+void copyContext(const Value & v, PathSet & context)
+{
+    if (v.string.context)
+        for (const char * * p = v.string.context; *p; ++p)
+            context.insert(*p);
+}
+
+
+string EvalState::forceString(Value & v, PathSet & context)
+{
+    string s = forceString(v);
+    copyContext(v, context);
+    return s;
+}
+
+
+string EvalState::forceStringNoCtx(Value & v)
+{
+    string s = forceString(v);
+    if (v.string.context)
+        throwEvalError("the string `%1%' is not allowed to refer to a store path (such as `%2%')",
+            v.string.s, v.string.context[0]);
+    return s;
+}
+
+
+bool EvalState::isDerivation(Value & v)
+{
+    if (v.type != tAttrs) return false;
+    Bindings::iterator i = v.attrs->find(sType);
+    if (i == v.attrs->end()) return false;
+    forceValue(*i->value);
+    if (i->value->type != tString) return false;
+    return strcmp(i->value->string.s, "derivation") == 0;
+}
+
+
+string EvalState::coerceToString(Value & v, PathSet & context,
+    bool coerceMore, bool copyToStore)
+{
+    forceValue(v);
+
+    string s;
+
+    if (v.type == tString) {
+        copyContext(v, context);
+        return v.string.s;
+    }
+
+    if (v.type == tPath) {
+        Path path(canonPath(v.path));
+        return copyToStore ? copyPathToStore(context, path) : path;
+    }
+
+    if (v.type == tAttrs) {
+        Bindings::iterator i = v.attrs->find(sOutPath);
+        if (i == v.attrs->end()) throwTypeError("cannot coerce a set to a string");
+        return coerceToString(*i->value, context, coerceMore, copyToStore);
+    }
+
+    if (coerceMore) {
+
+        /* Note that `false' is represented as an empty string for
+           shell scripting convenience, just like `null'. */
+        if (v.type == tBool && v.boolean) return "1";
+        if (v.type == tBool && !v.boolean) return "";
+        if (v.type == tInt) return int2String(v.integer);
+        if (v.type == tNull) return "";
+
+        if (v.type == tList) {
+            string result;
+            for (unsigned int n = 0; n < v.list.length; ++n) {
+                result += coerceToString(*v.list.elems[n],
+                    context, coerceMore, copyToStore);
+                if (n < v.list.length - 1
+                    /* !!! not quite correct */
+                    && (v.list.elems[n]->type != tList || v.list.elems[n]->list.length != 0))
+                    result += " ";
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    throwTypeError("cannot coerce %1% to a string", v);
+}
+
+
+string EvalState::copyPathToStore(PathSet & context, const Path & path)
+{
+    if (nix::isDerivation(path))
+        throwEvalError("file names are not allowed to end in `%1%'", drvExtension);
+
+    Path dstPath;
+    if (srcToStore[path] != "")
+        dstPath = srcToStore[path];
+    else {
+        dstPath = settings.readOnlyMode
+            ? computeStorePathForPath(path).first
+            : store->addToStore(path, true, htSHA256, defaultPathFilter, repair);
+        srcToStore[path] = dstPath;
+        printMsg(lvlChatty, format("copied source `%1%' -> `%2%'")
+            % path % dstPath);
+    }
+
+    context.insert(dstPath);
+    return dstPath;
+}
+
+
+Path EvalState::coerceToPath(Value & v, PathSet & context)
+{
+    string path = coerceToString(v, context, false, false);
+    if (path == "" || path[0] != '/')
+        throwEvalError("string `%1%' doesn't represent an absolute path", path);
+    return path;
+}
+
+
+bool EvalState::eqValues(Value & v1, Value & v2)
+{
+    forceValue(v1);
+    forceValue(v2);
+
+    /* !!! Hack to support some old broken code that relies on pointer
+       equality tests between sets.  (Specifically, builderDefs calls
+       uniqList on a list of sets.)  Will remove this eventually. */
+    if (&v1 == &v2) return true;
+
+    if (v1.type != v2.type) return false;
+
+    switch (v1.type) {
+
+        case tInt:
+            return v1.integer == v2.integer;
+
+        case tBool:
+            return v1.boolean == v2.boolean;
+
+        case tString: {
+            /* Compare both the string and its context. */
+            if (strcmp(v1.string.s, v2.string.s) != 0) return false;
+            const char * * p = v1.string.context, * * q = v2.string.context;
+            if (!p && !q) return true;
+            if (!p || !q) return false;
+            for ( ; *p && *q; ++p, ++q)
+                if (strcmp(*p, *q) != 0) return false;
+            if (*p || *q) return false;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        case tPath:
+            return strcmp(v1.path, v2.path) == 0;
+
+        case tNull:
+            return true;
+
+        case tList:
+            if (v1.list.length != v2.list.length) return false;
+            for (unsigned int n = 0; n < v1.list.length; ++n)
+                if (!eqValues(*v1.list.elems[n], *v2.list.elems[n])) return false;
+            return true;
+
+        case tAttrs: {
+            /* If both sets denote a derivation (type = "derivation"),
+               then compare their outPaths. */
+            if (isDerivation(v1) && isDerivation(v2)) {
+                Bindings::iterator i = v1.attrs->find(sOutPath);
+                Bindings::iterator j = v2.attrs->find(sOutPath);
+                if (i != v1.attrs->end() && j != v2.attrs->end())
+                    return eqValues(*i->value, *j->value);
+            }
+
+            if (v1.attrs->size() != v2.attrs->size()) return false;
+
+            /* Otherwise, compare the attributes one by one. */
+            Bindings::iterator i, j;
+            for (i = v1.attrs->begin(), j = v2.attrs->begin(); i != v1.attrs->end(); ++i, ++j)
+                if (i->name != j->name || !eqValues(*i->value, *j->value))
+                    return false;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /* Functions are incomparable. */
+        case tLambda:
+        case tPrimOp:
+        case tPrimOpApp:
+            return false;
+
+        default:
+            throwEvalError("cannot compare %1% with %2%", showType(v1), showType(v2));
+    }
+}
+
+
+void EvalState::printStats()
+{
+    bool showStats = getEnv("NIX_SHOW_STATS", "0") != "0";
+    Verbosity v = showStats ? lvlInfo : lvlDebug;
+    printMsg(v, "evaluation statistics:");
+
+    struct rusage buf;
+    getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &buf);
+    float cpuTime = buf.ru_utime.tv_sec + ((float) buf.ru_utime.tv_usec / 1000000);
+
+    printMsg(v, format("  time elapsed: %1%") % cpuTime);
+    printMsg(v, format("  size of a value: %1%") % sizeof(Value));
+    printMsg(v, format("  environments allocated: %1% (%2% bytes)")
+        % nrEnvs % (nrEnvs * sizeof(Env) + nrValuesInEnvs * sizeof(Value *)));
+    printMsg(v, format("  list elements: %1% (%2% bytes)")
+        % nrListElems % (nrListElems * sizeof(Value *)));
+    printMsg(v, format("  list concatenations: %1%") % nrListConcats);
+    printMsg(v, format("  values allocated: %1% (%2% bytes)")
+        % nrValues % (nrValues * sizeof(Value)));
+    printMsg(v, format("  sets allocated: %1%") % nrAttrsets);
+    printMsg(v, format("  right-biased unions: %1%") % nrOpUpdates);
+    printMsg(v, format("  values copied in right-biased unions: %1%") % nrOpUpdateValuesCopied);
+    printMsg(v, format("  symbols in symbol table: %1%") % symbols.size());
+    printMsg(v, format("  size of symbol table: %1%") % symbols.totalSize());
+    printMsg(v, format("  number of thunks: %1%") % nrThunks);
+    printMsg(v, format("  number of thunks avoided: %1%") % nrAvoided);
+    printMsg(v, format("  number of attr lookups: %1%") % nrLookups);
+    printMsg(v, format("  number of primop calls: %1%") % nrPrimOpCalls);
+    printMsg(v, format("  number of function calls: %1%") % nrFunctionCalls);
+
+    if (countCalls) {
+        v = lvlInfo;
+
+        printMsg(v, format("calls to %1% primops:") % primOpCalls.size());
+        typedef std::multimap<unsigned int, Symbol> PrimOpCalls_;
+        PrimOpCalls_ primOpCalls_;
+        foreach (PrimOpCalls::iterator, i, primOpCalls)
+            primOpCalls_.insert(std::pair<unsigned int, Symbol>(i->second, i->first));
+        foreach_reverse (PrimOpCalls_::reverse_iterator, i, primOpCalls_)
+            printMsg(v, format("%1$10d %2%") % i->first % i->second);
+
+        printMsg(v, format("calls to %1% functions:") % functionCalls.size());
+        typedef std::multimap<unsigned int, ExprLambda *> FunctionCalls_;
+        FunctionCalls_ functionCalls_;
+        foreach (FunctionCalls::iterator, i, functionCalls)
+            functionCalls_.insert(std::pair<unsigned int, ExprLambda *>(i->second, i->first));
+        foreach_reverse (FunctionCalls_::reverse_iterator, i, functionCalls_)
+            printMsg(v, format("%1$10d %2%") % i->first % i->second->showNamePos());
+
+        printMsg(v, format("evaluations of %1% attributes:") % attrSelects.size());
+        typedef std::multimap<unsigned int, Pos> AttrSelects_;
+        AttrSelects_ attrSelects_;
+        foreach (AttrSelects::iterator, i, attrSelects)
+            attrSelects_.insert(std::pair<unsigned int, Pos>(i->second, i->first));
+        foreach_reverse (AttrSelects_::reverse_iterator, i, attrSelects_)
+            printMsg(v, format("%1$10d %2%") % i->first % i->second);
+
+    }
+}
+
+
+}