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diff --git a/nix/buildkite/default.nix b/nix/buildkite/default.nix
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+# Logic for generating Buildkite pipelines from Nix build targets read
+# by //nix/readTree.
+#
+# It outputs a "YAML" (actually JSON) file which is evaluated and
+# submitted to Buildkite at the start of each build.
+#
+# The structure of the file that is being created is documented here:
+#   https://buildkite.com/docs/pipelines/defining-steps
+{ pkgs, ... }:
+
+let
+  inherit (builtins)
+    attrValues
+    concatMap
+    concatStringsSep
+    filter
+    foldl'
+    length
+    mapAttrs
+    toJSON;
+
+  inherit (pkgs) lib runCommandNoCC writeText;
+in rec {
+  # Creates a Nix expression that yields the target at the specified
+  # location in the repository.
+  #
+  # This makes a distinction between normal targets (which physically
+  # exist in the repository) and subtargets (which are "virtual"
+  # targets exposed by a physical one) to make it clear in the build
+  # output which is which.
+  mkBuildExpr = target:
+    let
+      descend = expr: attr: "builtins.getAttr \"${attr}\" (${expr})";
+      targetExpr = foldl' descend "import ./. {}" target.__readTree;
+      subtargetExpr = descend targetExpr target.__subtarget;
+    in if target ? __subtarget then subtargetExpr else targetExpr;
+
+  # Create a pipeline label from the target's tree location.
+  mkLabel = target:
+    let label = concatStringsSep "/" target.__readTree;
+    in if target ? __subtarget
+      then "${label}:${target.__subtarget}"
+      else label;
+
+  # Skip build steps if their out path has already been built.
+  skip = headBranch: target: let
+    shouldSkip = with builtins;
+      # Only skip in real Buildkite builds
+      (getEnv "BUILDKITE_BUILD_ID" != "") &&
+      # Always build everything for the canon branch.
+      (getEnv "BUILDKITE_BRANCH" != headBranch) &&
+      # Discard string context to avoid realising the store path during
+      # pipeline construction.
+      (pathExists (unsafeDiscardStringContext target.outPath));
+    in if shouldSkip then "Target was already built." else false;
+
+  # Create a pipeline step from a single target.
+  mkStep = headBranch: skipIfBuilt: target: {
+    label = ":nix: ${mkLabel target}";
+    skip = if skipIfBuilt then skip headBranch target else false;
+
+    command = let
+      drvPath = builtins.unsafeDiscardStringContext target.drvPath;
+    in concatStringsSep " " [
+      # First try to realise the drvPath of the target so we don't evaluate twice.
+      # Nix has no concept of depending on a derivation file without depending on
+      # at least one of its `outPath`s, so we need to discard the string context
+      # if we don't want to build everything during pipeline construction.
+      "nix-store --realise '${drvPath}'"
+      # Since we don't gcroot the derivation files, they may be deleted by the
+      # garbage collector. In that case we can reevaluate and build the attribute
+      # using nix-build.
+      "|| (test ! -f '${drvPath}' && nix-build -E '${mkBuildExpr target}' --show-trace)"
+    ];
+
+    # Add a dependency on the initial static pipeline step which
+    # always runs. This allows build steps uploaded in batches to
+    # start running before all batches have been uploaded.
+    depends_on = ":init:";
+  };
+
+  # Helper function to inelegantly divide a list into chunks of at
+  # most n elements.
+  #
+  # This works by assigning each element a chunk ID based on its
+  # index, and then grouping all elements by their chunk ID.
+  chunksOf = n: list: let
+    chunkId = idx: toString (idx / n + 1);
+    assigned = lib.imap1 (idx: value: { inherit value ; chunk = chunkId idx; }) list;
+    unchunk = mapAttrs (_: elements: map (e: e.value) elements);
+  in unchunk (lib.groupBy (e: e.chunk) assigned);
+
+  # Define a build pipeline chunk as a JSON file, using the pipeline
+  # format documented on
+  # https://buildkite.com/docs/pipelines/defining-steps.
+  makePipelineChunk = chunkId: chunk: rec {
+    filename = "chunk-${chunkId}.json";
+    path = writeText filename (toJSON {
+      steps = chunk;
+    });
+  };
+
+  # Split the pipeline into chunks of at most 256 steps at once, which
+  # are uploaded sequentially. This is because of a limitation in the
+  # Buildkite backend which struggles to process more than a specific
+  # number of chunks at once.
+  pipelineChunks = steps:
+    attrValues (mapAttrs makePipelineChunk (chunksOf 256 steps));
+
+  # Create a pipeline structure for the given targets.
+  mkPipeline = {
+    # HEAD branch of the repository on which release steps, GC
+    # anchoring and other "mainline only" steps should run.
+    headBranch,
+
+    # List of derivations as read by readTree (in most cases just the
+    # output of readTree.gather) that should be built in Buildkite.
+    #
+    # These are scheduled as the first build steps and run as fast as
+    # possible, in order, without any concurrency restrictions.
+    drvTargets,
+
+    # Should build steps be skipped (on non-HEAD builds) if the output
+    # path has already been built?
+    skipIfBuilt ? false,
+
+    # A list of plain Buildkite step structures to run alongside the
+    # build for all drvTargets, but before proceeding with any
+    # post-build actions such as status reporting.
+    #
+    # Can be used for things like code formatting checks.
+    additionalSteps ? [],
+
+    # A list of plain Buildkite step structures to run after all
+    # previous steps succeeded.
+    #
+    # Can be used for status reporting steps and the like.
+    postBuildSteps ? []
+  }: let
+    mkStep' = mkStep headBranch skipIfBuilt;
+    steps =
+      # Add build steps for each derivation target.
+      (map mkStep' drvTargets)
+
+      # Add additional steps (if set).
+      ++ additionalSteps
+
+      # Wait for all previous checks to complete
+      ++ [({
+        wait = null;
+        continue_on_failure = true;
+      })]
+
+      # Run post-build steps for status reporting and co.
+      ++ postBuildSteps;
+    chunks = pipelineChunks steps;
+  in runCommandNoCC "buildkite-pipeline" {} ''
+    mkdir $out
+    echo "Generated ${toString (length chunks)} pipeline chunks"
+    ${
+      lib.concatMapStringsSep "\n"
+        (chunk: "cp ${chunk.path} $out/${chunk.filename}") chunks
+    }
+  '';
+}