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-rw-r--r--absl/algorithm/container.h7
-rw-r--r--absl/base/BUILD.bazel25
-rw-r--r--absl/base/CMakeLists.txt16
-rw-r--r--absl/base/dynamic_annotations.cc75
-rw-r--r--absl/base/dynamic_annotations.h766
-rw-r--r--absl/base/internal/dynamic_annotations.h403
-rw-r--r--absl/base/optimization_test.cc132
-rw-r--r--absl/container/internal/btree.h151
-rw-r--r--absl/container/internal/unordered_map_modifiers_test.h2
-rw-r--r--absl/debugging/BUILD.bazel3
-rw-r--r--absl/debugging/CMakeLists.txt3
-rw-r--r--absl/debugging/internal/examine_stack.cc30
-rw-r--r--absl/debugging/internal/stacktrace_config.h23
-rw-r--r--absl/debugging/internal/symbolize.h9
-rw-r--r--absl/debugging/symbolize.cc2
-rw-r--r--absl/debugging/symbolize_darwin.inc101
-rw-r--r--absl/debugging/symbolize_elf.inc8
-rw-r--r--absl/debugging/symbolize_test.cc13
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/BUILD.bazel171
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/CMakeLists.txt140
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/commandlineflag.cc (renamed from absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.cc)14
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/commandlineflag.h196
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/commandlineflag_test.cc (renamed from absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag_test.cc)108
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/declare.h1
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/flag.cc2
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/flag.h142
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/flag_benchmark.cc7
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/flag_test.cc402
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h119
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/internal/flag.cc48
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/internal/flag.h105
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/internal/parse.h1
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/internal/path_util.h1
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.cc18
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.h12
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/internal/program_name_test.cc4
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/internal/registry.h43
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/internal/type_erased.cc86
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/internal/type_erased.h79
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/internal/type_erased_test.cc157
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/internal/usage.cc33
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/internal/usage.h4
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/internal/usage_test.cc16
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/marshalling.cc21
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/parse.cc45
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/parse.h1
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/parse_test.cc34
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/reflection.cc (renamed from absl/flags/internal/registry.cc)296
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/reflection.h85
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/reflection_test.cc60
-rw-r--r--absl/flags/usage_config.cc1
-rw-r--r--absl/numeric/BUILD.bazel1
-rw-r--r--absl/numeric/CMakeLists.txt1
-rw-r--r--absl/numeric/int128.cc40
-rw-r--r--absl/numeric/int128_benchmark.cc161
-rw-r--r--absl/random/BUILD.bazel10
-rw-r--r--absl/random/CMakeLists.txt44
-rw-r--r--absl/random/bit_gen_ref.h107
-rw-r--r--absl/random/bit_gen_ref_test.cc25
-rw-r--r--absl/random/distributions.h2
-rw-r--r--absl/random/internal/BUILD.bazel30
-rw-r--r--absl/random/internal/distribution_caller.h53
-rw-r--r--absl/random/internal/distributions.h52
-rw-r--r--absl/random/internal/mock_helpers.h127
-rw-r--r--absl/random/internal/mock_overload_set.h26
-rw-r--r--absl/random/internal/mocking_bit_gen_base.h85
-rw-r--r--absl/random/internal/uniform_helper.h30
-rw-r--r--absl/random/mock_distributions.h5
-rw-r--r--absl/random/mocking_bit_gen.h178
-rw-r--r--absl/random/seed_sequences_test.cc1
-rw-r--r--absl/status/status.cc2
-rw-r--r--absl/strings/cord.cc65
-rw-r--r--absl/strings/cord.h27
-rw-r--r--absl/strings/internal/str_format/convert_test.cc6
-rw-r--r--absl/strings/internal/str_format/float_conversion.cc12
-rw-r--r--absl/strings/str_format.h2
-rw-r--r--absl/strings/str_format_test.cc2
-rw-r--r--absl/strings/str_split.h1
-rw-r--r--absl/time/civil_time.cc12
-rw-r--r--absl/time/format.cc13
-rw-r--r--absl/time/format_benchmark.cc2
-rw-r--r--absl/time/internal/cctz/include/cctz/civil_time_detail.h42
-rw-r--r--absl/time/internal/cctz/include/cctz/time_zone.h4
-rw-r--r--absl/time/internal/cctz/src/cctz_benchmark.cc16
-rw-r--r--absl/time/internal/cctz/src/civil_time_test.cc10
-rw-r--r--absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format.cc147
-rw-r--r--absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format_test.cc106
-rw-r--r--absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_impl.cc34
-rw-r--r--absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_lookup_test.cc2
-rw-r--r--absl/time/internal/cctz/src/zone_info_source.cc3
-rw-r--r--absl/time/time.h15
-rw-r--r--absl/types/span.h15
92 files changed, 3471 insertions, 2266 deletions
diff --git a/absl/algorithm/container.h b/absl/algorithm/container.h
index d72532decf38..2457d78bc241 100644
--- a/absl/algorithm/container.h
+++ b/absl/algorithm/container.h
@@ -943,9 +943,10 @@ void c_partial_sort(
 // c_partial_sort_copy()
 //
 // Container-based version of the <algorithm> `std::partial_sort_copy()`
-// function to sort elements within a container such that elements before
-// `middle` are sorted in ascending order, and return the result within an
-// iterator.
+// function to sort the elements in the given range `result` within the larger
+// `sequence` in ascending order (and using `result` as the output parameter).
+// At most min(result.last - result.first, sequence.last - sequence.first)
+// elements from the sequence will be stored in the result.
 template <typename C, typename RandomAccessContainer>
 container_algorithm_internal::ContainerIter<RandomAccessContainer>
 c_partial_sort_copy(const C& sequence, RandomAccessContainer& result) {
diff --git a/absl/base/BUILD.bazel b/absl/base/BUILD.bazel
index 76122dab30fe..745a598f12d3 100644
--- a/absl/base/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/absl/base/BUILD.bazel
@@ -115,10 +115,18 @@ cc_library(
 
 cc_library(
     name = "dynamic_annotations",
-    srcs = ["dynamic_annotations.cc"],
-    hdrs = ["dynamic_annotations.h"],
+    srcs = [
+        "dynamic_annotations.cc",
+        "internal/dynamic_annotations.h",
+    ],
+    hdrs = [
+        "dynamic_annotations.h",
+    ],
     copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
     linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
+    deps = [
+        ":config",
+    ],
 )
 
 cc_library(
@@ -791,3 +799,16 @@ cc_test(
         "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
     ],
 )
+
+cc_test(
+    name = "optimization_test",
+    size = "small",
+    srcs = ["optimization_test.cc"],
+    copts = ABSL_TEST_COPTS,
+    linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
+    deps = [
+        ":core_headers",
+        "//absl/types:optional",
+        "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
+    ],
+)
diff --git a/absl/base/CMakeLists.txt b/absl/base/CMakeLists.txt
index 292998b3bf8d..62486f9d04ef 100644
--- a/absl/base/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/absl/base/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -106,8 +106,11 @@ absl_cc_library(
     "dynamic_annotations.h"
   SRCS
     "dynamic_annotations.cc"
+    "internal/dynamic_annotations.h"
   COPTS
     ${ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS}
+  DEPS
+    absl::config
   PUBLIC
 )
 
@@ -698,3 +701,16 @@ absl_cc_test(
     absl::fast_type_id
     gtest_main
 )
+
+absl_cc_test(
+  NAME
+    optimization_test
+  SRCS
+    "optimization_test.cc"
+  COPTS
+    ${ABSL_TEST_COPTS}
+  DEPS
+    absl::core_headers
+    absl::optional
+    gtest_main
+)
diff --git a/absl/base/dynamic_annotations.cc b/absl/base/dynamic_annotations.cc
index 21e822e53cfb..f26e673ec988 100644
--- a/absl/base/dynamic_annotations.cc
+++ b/absl/base/dynamic_annotations.cc
@@ -17,72 +17,17 @@
 
 #include "absl/base/dynamic_annotations.h"
 
-#ifndef __has_feature
-#define __has_feature(x) 0
-#endif
-
-/* Compiler-based ThreadSanitizer defines
-   DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_EXTERNAL_IMPL = 1
-   and provides its own definitions of the functions. */
+// Compiler-based ThreadSanitizer defines
+// DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_EXTERNAL_IMPL = 1
+// and provides its own definitions of the functions.
 
 #ifndef DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_EXTERNAL_IMPL
 # define DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_EXTERNAL_IMPL 0
 #endif
 
-/* Each function is empty and called (via a macro) only in debug mode.
-   The arguments are captured by dynamic tools at runtime. */
-
 #if DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_EXTERNAL_IMPL == 0 && !defined(__native_client__)
 
-#if __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
-#include <sanitizer/msan_interface.h>
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-void AnnotateRWLockCreate(const char *, int,
-                          const volatile void *){}
-void AnnotateRWLockDestroy(const char *, int,
-                           const volatile void *){}
-void AnnotateRWLockAcquired(const char *, int,
-                            const volatile void *, long){}
-void AnnotateRWLockReleased(const char *, int,
-                            const volatile void *, long){}
-void AnnotateBenignRace(const char *, int,
-                        const volatile void *,
-                        const char *){}
-void AnnotateBenignRaceSized(const char *, int,
-                             const volatile void *,
-                             size_t,
-                             const char *) {}
-void AnnotateThreadName(const char *, int,
-                        const char *){}
-void AnnotateIgnoreReadsBegin(const char *, int){}
-void AnnotateIgnoreReadsEnd(const char *, int){}
-void AnnotateIgnoreWritesBegin(const char *, int){}
-void AnnotateIgnoreWritesEnd(const char *, int){}
-void AnnotateEnableRaceDetection(const char *, int, int){}
-void AnnotateMemoryIsInitialized(const char *, int,
-                                 const volatile void *mem, size_t size) {
-#if __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
-  __msan_unpoison(mem, size);
-#else
-  (void)mem;
-  (void)size;
-#endif
-}
-
-void AnnotateMemoryIsUninitialized(const char *, int,
-                                   const volatile void *mem, size_t size) {
-#if __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
-  __msan_allocated_memory(mem, size);
-#else
-  (void)mem;
-  (void)size;
-#endif
-}
 
 static int GetRunningOnValgrind(void) {
 #ifdef RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND
@@ -95,21 +40,21 @@ static int GetRunningOnValgrind(void) {
   return 0;
 }
 
-/* See the comments in dynamic_annotations.h */
+// See the comments in dynamic_annotations.h
 int RunningOnValgrind(void) {
   static volatile int running_on_valgrind = -1;
   int local_running_on_valgrind = running_on_valgrind;
-  /* C doesn't have thread-safe initialization of statics, and we
-     don't want to depend on pthread_once here, so hack it. */
+  // C doesn't have thread-safe initialization of statics, and we
+  // don't want to depend on pthread_once here, so hack it.
   ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE(&running_on_valgrind, "safe hack");
   if (local_running_on_valgrind == -1)
     running_on_valgrind = local_running_on_valgrind = GetRunningOnValgrind();
   return local_running_on_valgrind;
 }
 
-/* See the comments in dynamic_annotations.h */
+// See the comments in dynamic_annotations.h
 double ValgrindSlowdown(void) {
-  /* Same initialization hack as in RunningOnValgrind(). */
+  // Same initialization hack as in RunningOnValgrind().
   static volatile double slowdown = 0.0;
   double local_slowdown = slowdown;
   ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE(&slowdown, "safe hack");
@@ -123,7 +68,5 @@ double ValgrindSlowdown(void) {
   return local_slowdown;
 }
 
-#ifdef __cplusplus
 }  // extern "C"
-#endif
-#endif  /* DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_EXTERNAL_IMPL == 0 */
+#endif  // DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_EXTERNAL_IMPL == 0
diff --git a/absl/base/dynamic_annotations.h b/absl/base/dynamic_annotations.h
index 2d98526075eb..1444dc48e283 100644
--- a/absl/base/dynamic_annotations.h
+++ b/absl/base/dynamic_annotations.h
@@ -1,386 +1,504 @@
-/*
- *  Copyright 2017 The Abseil Authors.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-/* This file defines dynamic annotations for use with dynamic analysis
-   tool such as valgrind, PIN, etc.
-
-   Dynamic annotation is a source code annotation that affects
-   the generated code (that is, the annotation is not a comment).
-   Each such annotation is attached to a particular
-   instruction and/or to a particular object (address) in the program.
-
-   The annotations that should be used by users are macros in all upper-case
-   (e.g., ANNOTATE_THREAD_NAME).
-
-   Actual implementation of these macros may differ depending on the
-   dynamic analysis tool being used.
-
-   This file supports the following configurations:
-   - Dynamic Annotations enabled (with static thread-safety warnings disabled).
-     In this case, macros expand to functions implemented by Thread Sanitizer,
-     when building with TSan. When not provided an external implementation,
-     dynamic_annotations.cc provides no-op implementations.
-
-   - Static Clang thread-safety warnings enabled.
-     When building with a Clang compiler that supports thread-safety warnings,
-     a subset of annotations can be statically-checked at compile-time. We
-     expand these macros to static-inline functions that can be analyzed for
-     thread-safety, but afterwards elided when building the final binary.
-
-   - All annotations are disabled.
-     If neither Dynamic Annotations nor Clang thread-safety warnings are
-     enabled, then all annotation-macros expand to empty. */
+// Copyright 2017 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// This file defines dynamic annotations for use with dynamic analysis tool
+// such as valgrind, PIN, etc.
+//
+// Dynamic annotation is a source code annotation that affects the generated
+// code (that is, the annotation is not a comment). Each such annotation is
+// attached to a particular instruction and/or to a particular object (address)
+// in the program.
+//
+// The annotations that should be used by users are macros in all upper-case
+// (e.g., ABSL_ANNOTATE_THREAD_NAME).
+//
+// Actual implementation of these macros may differ depending on the dynamic
+// analysis tool being used.
+//
+// This file supports the following configurations:
+// - Dynamic Annotations enabled (with static thread-safety warnings disabled).
+//   In this case, macros expand to functions implemented by Thread Sanitizer,
+//   when building with TSan. When not provided an external implementation,
+//   dynamic_annotations.cc provides no-op implementations.
+//
+// - Static Clang thread-safety warnings enabled.
+//   When building with a Clang compiler that supports thread-safety warnings,
+//   a subset of annotations can be statically-checked at compile-time. We
+//   expand these macros to static-inline functions that can be analyzed for
+//   thread-safety, but afterwards elided when building the final binary.
+//
+// - All annotations are disabled.
+//   If neither Dynamic Annotations nor Clang thread-safety warnings are
+//   enabled, then all annotation-macros expand to empty.
 
 #ifndef ABSL_BASE_DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_H_
 #define ABSL_BASE_DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_H_
 
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "absl/base/config.h"
+
+// TODO(rogeeff): Remove after the backward compatibility period.
+#include "absl/base/internal/dynamic_annotations.h"  // IWYU pragma: export
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Decide which features are enabled
+
 #ifndef DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
-# define DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
+#define DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__) && !defined(SWIG)
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED 1
+#else
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED 0
 #endif
 
 #if DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED != 0
 
-  /* -------------------------------------------------------------
-     Annotations that suppress errors.  It is usually better to express the
-     program's synchronization using the other annotations, but these can
-     be used when all else fails. */
-
-  /* Report that we may have a benign race at "pointer", with size
-     "sizeof(*(pointer))". "pointer" must be a non-void* pointer.  Insert at the
-     point where "pointer" has been allocated, preferably close to the point
-     where the race happens.  See also ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_STATIC. */
-  #define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE(pointer, description) \
-    AnnotateBenignRaceSized(__FILE__, __LINE__, pointer, \
-                            sizeof(*(pointer)), description)
-
-  /* Same as ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE(address, description), but applies to
-     the memory range [address, address+size). */
-  #define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED(address, size, description) \
-    AnnotateBenignRaceSized(__FILE__, __LINE__, address, size, description)
-
-  /* Enable (enable!=0) or disable (enable==0) race detection for all threads.
-     This annotation could be useful if you want to skip expensive race analysis
-     during some period of program execution, e.g. during initialization. */
-  #define ANNOTATE_ENABLE_RACE_DETECTION(enable) \
-    AnnotateEnableRaceDetection(__FILE__, __LINE__, enable)
-
-  /* -------------------------------------------------------------
-     Annotations useful for debugging. */
-
-  /* Report the current thread name to a race detector. */
-  #define ANNOTATE_THREAD_NAME(name) \
-    AnnotateThreadName(__FILE__, __LINE__, name)
-
-  /* -------------------------------------------------------------
-     Annotations useful when implementing locks.  They are not
-     normally needed by modules that merely use locks.
-     The "lock" argument is a pointer to the lock object. */
-
-  /* Report that a lock has been created at address "lock". */
-  #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE(lock) \
-    AnnotateRWLockCreate(__FILE__, __LINE__, lock)
-
-  /* Report that a linker initialized lock has been created at address "lock".
-   */
-#ifdef THREAD_SANITIZER
-  #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE_STATIC(lock) \
-    AnnotateRWLockCreateStatic(__FILE__, __LINE__, lock)
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 1
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 1
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 1
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED 0
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 1
+
+#else
+
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
+
+// Clang provides limited support for static thread-safety analysis through a
+// feature called Annotalysis. We configure macro-definitions according to
+// whether Annotalysis support is available. When running in opt-mode, GCC
+// will issue a warning, if these attributes are compiled. Only include them
+// when compiling using Clang.
+
+// ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED == 1 when IGNORE_READ_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED == 1
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED
+// Read/write annotations are enabled in Annotalysis mode; disabled otherwise.
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED
+#endif
+
+// Memory annotations are also made available to LLVM's Memory Sanitizer
+#if defined(MEMORY_SANITIZER) && defined(__has_feature) && \
+    !defined(__native_client__)
+#if __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_BEGIN_EXTERN_C extern "C" {
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_END_EXTERN_C }  // extern "C"
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(F) ::F
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_STATIC_INLINE inline
 #else
-  #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE_STATIC(lock) ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE(lock)
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_BEGIN_EXTERN_C  // empty
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_END_EXTERN_C    // empty
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(F) F
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_STATIC_INLINE static inline
 #endif
 
-  /* Report that the lock at address "lock" is about to be destroyed. */
-  #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_DESTROY(lock) \
-    AnnotateRWLockDestroy(__FILE__, __LINE__, lock)
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Define race annotations.
+
+#if ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------
+// Annotations that suppress errors. It is usually better to express the
+// program's synchronization using the other annotations, but these can be used
+// when all else fails.
+
+// Report that we may have a benign race at `pointer`, with size
+// "sizeof(*(pointer))". `pointer` must be a non-void* pointer. Insert at the
+// point where `pointer` has been allocated, preferably close to the point
+// where the race happens. See also ABSL_ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_STATIC.
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE(pointer, description) \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateBenignRaceSized)  \
+  (__FILE__, __LINE__, pointer, sizeof(*(pointer)), description)
+
+// Same as ABSL_ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE(`address`, `description`), but applies to
+// the memory range [`address`, `address`+`size`).
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED(address, size, description) \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateBenignRaceSized)              \
+  (__FILE__, __LINE__, address, size, description)
+
+// Enable (`enable`!=0) or disable (`enable`==0) race detection for all threads.
+// This annotation could be useful if you want to skip expensive race analysis
+// during some period of program execution, e.g. during initialization.
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_ENABLE_RACE_DETECTION(enable)        \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateEnableRaceDetection) \
+  (__FILE__, __LINE__, enable)
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------
+// Annotations useful for debugging.
+
+// Report the current thread `name` to a race detector.
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_THREAD_NAME(name) \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateThreadName)(__FILE__, __LINE__, name)
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------
+// Annotations useful when implementing locks. They are not normally needed by
+// modules that merely use locks. The `lock` argument is a pointer to the lock
+// object.
+
+// Report that a lock has been created at address `lock`.
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE(lock) \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateRWLockCreate)(__FILE__, __LINE__, lock)
+
+// Report that a linker initialized lock has been created at address `lock`.
+#ifdef THREAD_SANITIZER
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE_STATIC(lock)          \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateRWLockCreateStatic) \
+  (__FILE__, __LINE__, lock)
+#else
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE_STATIC(lock) \
+  ABSL_ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE(lock)
+#endif
 
-  /* Report that the lock at address "lock" has been acquired.
-     is_w=1 for writer lock, is_w=0 for reader lock. */
-  #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_ACQUIRED(lock, is_w) \
-    AnnotateRWLockAcquired(__FILE__, __LINE__, lock, is_w)
+// Report that the lock at address `lock` is about to be destroyed.
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_DESTROY(lock) \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateRWLockDestroy)(__FILE__, __LINE__, lock)
+
+// Report that the lock at address `lock` has been acquired.
+// `is_w`=1 for writer lock, `is_w`=0 for reader lock.
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_ACQUIRED(lock, is_w)     \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateRWLockAcquired) \
+  (__FILE__, __LINE__, lock, is_w)
+
+// Report that the lock at address `lock` is about to be released.
+// `is_w`=1 for writer lock, `is_w`=0 for reader lock.
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_RELEASED(lock, is_w)     \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateRWLockReleased) \
+  (__FILE__, __LINE__, lock, is_w)
+
+// Apply ABSL_ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED to a static variable `static_var`.
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_STATIC(static_var, description)      \
+  namespace {                                                          \
+  class static_var##_annotator {                                       \
+   public:                                                             \
+    static_var##_annotator() {                                         \
+      ABSL_ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED(&static_var, sizeof(static_var), \
+                                      #static_var ": " description);   \
+    }                                                                  \
+  };                                                                   \
+  static static_var##_annotator the##static_var##_annotator;           \
+  }  // namespace
+
+// Function prototypes of annotations provided by the compiler-based sanitizer
+// implementation.
+ABSL_INTERNAL_BEGIN_EXTERN_C
+void AnnotateRWLockCreate(const char* file, int line,
+                          const volatile void* lock);
+void AnnotateRWLockCreateStatic(const char* file, int line,
+                                const volatile void* lock);
+void AnnotateRWLockDestroy(const char* file, int line,
+                           const volatile void* lock);
+void AnnotateRWLockAcquired(const char* file, int line,
+                            const volatile void* lock, long is_w);  // NOLINT
+void AnnotateRWLockReleased(const char* file, int line,
+                            const volatile void* lock, long is_w);  // NOLINT
+void AnnotateBenignRace(const char* file, int line,
+                        const volatile void* address, const char* description);
+void AnnotateBenignRaceSized(const char* file, int line,
+                             const volatile void* address, size_t size,
+                             const char* description);
+void AnnotateThreadName(const char* file, int line, const char* name);
+void AnnotateEnableRaceDetection(const char* file, int line, int enable);
+ABSL_INTERNAL_END_EXTERN_C
+
+#else  // ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 0
+
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE(lock)                            // empty
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE_STATIC(lock)                     // empty
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_DESTROY(lock)                           // empty
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_ACQUIRED(lock, is_w)                    // empty
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_RELEASED(lock, is_w)                    // empty
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE(address, description)              // empty
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED(address, size, description)  // empty
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_THREAD_NAME(name)                              // empty
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_ENABLE_RACE_DETECTION(enable)                  // empty
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_STATIC(static_var, description)    // empty
+
+#endif  // ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Define memory annotations.
+
+#if ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1
+
+#include <sanitizer/msan_interface.h>
+
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_INITIALIZED(address, size) \
+  __msan_unpoison(address, size)
+
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_UNINITIALIZED(address, size) \
+  __msan_allocated_memory(address, size)
+
+#else  // ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 0
+
+#if DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_INITIALIZED(address, size) \
+  do {                                                     \
+    (void)(address);                                       \
+    (void)(size);                                          \
+  } while (0)
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_UNINITIALIZED(address, size) \
+  do {                                                       \
+    (void)(address);                                         \
+    (void)(size);                                            \
+  } while (0)
+#else
 
-  /* Report that the lock at address "lock" is about to be released. */
-  #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_RELEASED(lock, is_w) \
-    AnnotateRWLockReleased(__FILE__, __LINE__, lock, is_w)
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_INITIALIZED(address, size)    // empty
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_UNINITIALIZED(address, size)  // empty
 
-#else  /* DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 0 */
+#endif
 
-  #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE(lock) /* empty */
-  #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE_STATIC(lock) /* empty */
-  #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_DESTROY(lock) /* empty */
-  #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_ACQUIRED(lock, is_w) /* empty */
-  #define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_RELEASED(lock, is_w) /* empty */
-  #define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE(address, description) /* empty */
-  #define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED(address, size, description) /* empty */
-  #define ANNOTATE_THREAD_NAME(name) /* empty */
-  #define ANNOTATE_ENABLE_RACE_DETECTION(enable) /* empty */
+#endif  // ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
 
-#endif  /* DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED */
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Define IGNORE_READS_BEGIN/_END attributes.
 
-/* These annotations are also made available to LLVM's Memory Sanitizer */
-#if DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1 || defined(MEMORY_SANITIZER)
-  #define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_INITIALIZED(address, size) \
-    AnnotateMemoryIsInitialized(__FILE__, __LINE__, address, size)
+#if ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED == 1
 
-  #define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_UNINITIALIZED(address, size) \
-    AnnotateMemoryIsUninitialized(__FILE__, __LINE__, address, size)
-#else
-  #define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_INITIALIZED(address, size) /* empty */
-  #define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_UNINITIALIZED(address, size) /* empty */
-#endif  /* DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED || MEMORY_SANITIZER */
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN_ATTRIBUTE \
+  __attribute((exclusive_lock_function("*")))
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_END_ATTRIBUTE \
+  __attribute((unlock_function("*")))
 
-#if defined(__clang__) && !defined(SWIG)
+#else  // ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED == 0
 
-  #if DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 0
-    #define ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED
-  #endif
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN_ATTRIBUTE  // empty
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_END_ATTRIBUTE    // empty
 
-  /* When running in opt-mode, GCC will issue a warning, if these attributes are
-     compiled. Only include them when compiling using Clang. */
-  #define ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN \
-      __attribute((exclusive_lock_function("*")))
-  #define ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_READS_END \
-      __attribute((unlock_function("*")))
-#else
-  #define ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN  /* empty */
-  #define ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_READS_END  /* empty */
-#endif  /* defined(__clang__) && ... */
+#endif  // ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED
 
-#if (DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED != 0) || defined(ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED)
-  #define ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
-#endif
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Define IGNORE_READS_BEGIN/_END annotations.
 
-#if (DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED != 0)
+#if ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1
 
-  /* Request the analysis tool to ignore all reads in the current thread
-     until ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END is called.
-     Useful to ignore intentional racey reads, while still checking
-     other reads and all writes.
-     See also ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ. */
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN() \
-    AnnotateIgnoreReadsBegin(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+// Request the analysis tool to ignore all reads in the current thread until
+// ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END is called. Useful to ignore intentional racey
+// reads, while still checking other reads and all writes.
+// See also ABSL_ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ.
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN() \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateIgnoreReadsBegin)(__FILE__, __LINE__)
 
-  /* Stop ignoring reads. */
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END() \
-    AnnotateIgnoreReadsEnd(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+// Stop ignoring reads.
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END() \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateIgnoreReadsEnd)(__FILE__, __LINE__)
 
-  /* Similar to ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN, but ignore writes instead. */
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN() \
-    AnnotateIgnoreWritesBegin(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+// Function prototypes of annotations provided by the compiler-based sanitizer
+// implementation.
+ABSL_INTERNAL_BEGIN_EXTERN_C
+void AnnotateIgnoreReadsBegin(const char* file, int line)
+    ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN_ATTRIBUTE;
+void AnnotateIgnoreReadsEnd(const char* file,
+                            int line) ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_END_ATTRIBUTE;
+ABSL_INTERNAL_END_EXTERN_C
 
-  /* Stop ignoring writes. */
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_END() \
-    AnnotateIgnoreWritesEnd(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+#elif defined(ABSL_INTERNAL_ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED)
 
-/* Clang provides limited support for static thread-safety analysis
-   through a feature called Annotalysis. We configure macro-definitions
-   according to whether Annotalysis support is available. */
-#elif defined(ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED)
+// When Annotalysis is enabled without Dynamic Annotations, the use of
+// static-inline functions allows the annotations to be read at compile-time,
+// while still letting the compiler elide the functions from the final build.
+//
+// TODO(delesley) -- The exclusive lock here ignores writes as well, but
+// allows IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES to work properly.
 
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN() \
-    StaticAnnotateIgnoreReadsBegin(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN() \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AbslInternalAnnotateIgnoreReadsBegin)()
 
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END() \
-    StaticAnnotateIgnoreReadsEnd(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END() \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AbslInternalAnnotateIgnoreReadsEnd)()
 
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN() \
-    StaticAnnotateIgnoreWritesBegin(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+ABSL_INTERNAL_STATIC_INLINE void AbslInternalAnnotateIgnoreReadsBegin()
+    ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN_ATTRIBUTE {}
 
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_END() \
-    StaticAnnotateIgnoreWritesEnd(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+ABSL_INTERNAL_STATIC_INLINE void AbslInternalAnnotateIgnoreReadsEnd()
+    ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_END_ATTRIBUTE {}
 
 #else
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN()  /* empty */
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END()  /* empty */
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN()  /* empty */
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_END()  /* empty */
+
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN()  // empty
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END()    // empty
+
 #endif
 
-/* Implement the ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_* annotations using the more
-   primitive annotations defined above. */
-#if defined(ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED)
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Define IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN/_END annotations.
+
+#if ABSL_INTERNAL_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1
+
+// Similar to ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN, but ignore writes instead.
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN() \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateIgnoreWritesBegin)(__FILE__, __LINE__)
 
-  /* Start ignoring all memory accesses (both reads and writes). */
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_BEGIN() \
-    do {                                           \
-      ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN();               \
-      ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN();              \
-    }while (0)
+// Stop ignoring writes.
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_END() \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateIgnoreWritesEnd)(__FILE__, __LINE__)
 
-  /* Stop ignoring both reads and writes. */
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_END()   \
-    do {                                           \
-      ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_END();                \
-      ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END();                 \
-    }while (0)
+// Function prototypes of annotations provided by the compiler-based sanitizer
+// implementation.
+ABSL_INTERNAL_BEGIN_EXTERN_C
+void AnnotateIgnoreWritesBegin(const char* file, int line);
+void AnnotateIgnoreWritesEnd(const char* file, int line);
+ABSL_INTERNAL_END_EXTERN_C
 
 #else
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_BEGIN()  /* empty */
-  #define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_END()  /* empty */
-#endif
 
-/* Use the macros above rather than using these functions directly. */
-#include <stddef.h>
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-void AnnotateRWLockCreate(const char *file, int line,
-                          const volatile void *lock);
-void AnnotateRWLockCreateStatic(const char *file, int line,
-                          const volatile void *lock);
-void AnnotateRWLockDestroy(const char *file, int line,
-                           const volatile void *lock);
-void AnnotateRWLockAcquired(const char *file, int line,
-                            const volatile void *lock, long is_w);  /* NOLINT */
-void AnnotateRWLockReleased(const char *file, int line,
-                            const volatile void *lock, long is_w);  /* NOLINT */
-void AnnotateBenignRace(const char *file, int line,
-                        const volatile void *address,
-                        const char *description);
-void AnnotateBenignRaceSized(const char *file, int line,
-                        const volatile void *address,
-                        size_t size,
-                        const char *description);
-void AnnotateThreadName(const char *file, int line,
-                        const char *name);
-void AnnotateEnableRaceDetection(const char *file, int line, int enable);
-void AnnotateMemoryIsInitialized(const char *file, int line,
-                                 const volatile void *mem, size_t size);
-void AnnotateMemoryIsUninitialized(const char *file, int line,
-                                   const volatile void *mem, size_t size);
-
-/* Annotations expand to these functions, when Dynamic Annotations are enabled.
-   These functions are either implemented as no-op calls, if no Sanitizer is
-   attached, or provided with externally-linked implementations by a library
-   like ThreadSanitizer. */
-void AnnotateIgnoreReadsBegin(const char *file, int line)
-    ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN;
-void AnnotateIgnoreReadsEnd(const char *file, int line)
-    ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_READS_END;
-void AnnotateIgnoreWritesBegin(const char *file, int line);
-void AnnotateIgnoreWritesEnd(const char *file, int line);
-
-#if defined(ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED)
-/* When Annotalysis is enabled without Dynamic Annotations, the use of
-   static-inline functions allows the annotations to be read at compile-time,
-   while still letting the compiler elide the functions from the final build.
-
-   TODO(delesley) -- The exclusive lock here ignores writes as well, but
-   allows IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES to work properly. */
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
-static inline void StaticAnnotateIgnoreReadsBegin(const char *file, int line)
-    ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN { (void)file; (void)line; }
-static inline void StaticAnnotateIgnoreReadsEnd(const char *file, int line)
-    ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_READS_END { (void)file; (void)line; }
-static inline void StaticAnnotateIgnoreWritesBegin(
-    const char *file, int line) { (void)file; (void)line; }
-static inline void StaticAnnotateIgnoreWritesEnd(
-    const char *file, int line) { (void)file; (void)line; }
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-#endif
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN()  // empty
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_END()    // empty
 
-/* Return non-zero value if running under valgrind.
-
-  If "valgrind.h" is included into dynamic_annotations.cc,
-  the regular valgrind mechanism will be used.
-  See http://valgrind.org/docs/manual/manual-core-adv.html about
-  RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND and other valgrind "client requests".
-  The file "valgrind.h" may be obtained by doing
-     svn co svn://svn.valgrind.org/valgrind/trunk/include
-
-  If for some reason you can't use "valgrind.h" or want to fake valgrind,
-  there are two ways to make this function return non-zero:
-    - Use environment variable: export RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND=1
-    - Make your tool intercept the function RunningOnValgrind() and
-      change its return value.
- */
-int RunningOnValgrind(void);
+#endif
 
-/* ValgrindSlowdown returns:
-    * 1.0, if (RunningOnValgrind() == 0)
-    * 50.0, if (RunningOnValgrind() != 0 && getenv("VALGRIND_SLOWDOWN") == NULL)
-    * atof(getenv("VALGRIND_SLOWDOWN")) otherwise
-   This function can be used to scale timeout values:
-   EXAMPLE:
-   for (;;) {
-     DoExpensiveBackgroundTask();
-     SleepForSeconds(5 * ValgrindSlowdown());
-   }
- */
-double ValgrindSlowdown(void);
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Define the ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_* annotations using the more
+// primitive annotations defined above.
+//
+//     Instead of doing
+//        ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN();
+//        ... = x;
+//        ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END();
+//     one can use
+//        ... = ABSL_ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ(x);
+
+#if defined(ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED)
+
+// Start ignoring all memory accesses (both reads and writes).
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_BEGIN() \
+  do {                                                \
+    ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN();               \
+    ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN();              \
+  } while (0)
+
+// Stop ignoring both reads and writes.
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_END() \
+  do {                                              \
+    ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_END();              \
+    ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END();               \
+  } while (0)
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
+// ABSL_ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ is the preferred way to annotate racey reads.
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ(x) \
+  absl::base_internal::AnnotateUnprotectedRead(x)
 
-/* ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ is the preferred way to annotate racey reads.
+namespace absl {
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace base_internal {
 
-     Instead of doing
-        ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN();
-        ... = x;
-        ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END();
-     one can use
-        ... = ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ(x); */
-#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED)
 template <typename T>
-inline T ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ(const volatile T &x) { /* NOLINT */
-  ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN();
+inline T AnnotateUnprotectedRead(const volatile T& x) {  // NOLINT
+  ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN();
   T res = x;
-  ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END();
+  ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END();
   return res;
-  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace base_internal
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
+}  // namespace absl
+#endif
+
 #else
-  #define ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ(x) (x)
+
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_BEGIN()  // empty
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_END()    // empty
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ(x) (x)
+
 #endif
 
-#if DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED != 0 && defined(__cplusplus)
-  /* Apply ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED to a static variable. */
-  #define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_STATIC(static_var, description)        \
-    namespace {                                                       \
-      class static_var ## _annotator {                                \
-       public:                                                        \
-        static_var ## _annotator() {                                  \
-          ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED(&static_var,                     \
-                                      sizeof(static_var),             \
-            # static_var ": " description);                           \
-        }                                                             \
-      };                                                              \
-      static static_var ## _annotator the ## static_var ## _annotator;\
-    }  // namespace
-#else /* DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 0 */
-  #define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_STATIC(static_var, description)  /* empty */
-#endif /* DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED */
+ABSL_INTERNAL_BEGIN_EXTERN_C
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Return non-zero value if running under valgrind.
+//
+//  If "valgrind.h" is included into dynamic_annotations.cc,
+//  the regular valgrind mechanism will be used.
+//  See http://valgrind.org/docs/manual/manual-core-adv.html about
+//  RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND and other valgrind "client requests".
+//  The file "valgrind.h" may be obtained by doing
+//     svn co svn://svn.valgrind.org/valgrind/trunk/include
+//
+//  If for some reason you can't use "valgrind.h" or want to fake valgrind,
+//  there are two ways to make this function return non-zero:
+//    - Use environment variable: export RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND=1
+//    - Make your tool intercept the function RunningOnValgrind() and
+//      change its return value.
+//
+int RunningOnValgrind(void);
+
+// ValgrindSlowdown returns:
+//    * 1.0, if (RunningOnValgrind() == 0)
+//    * 50.0, if (RunningOnValgrind() != 0 && getenv("VALGRIND_SLOWDOWN") ==
+//    NULL)
+//    * atof(getenv("VALGRIND_SLOWDOWN")) otherwise
+//   This function can be used to scale timeout values:
+//   EXAMPLE:
+//   for (;;) {
+//     DoExpensiveBackgroundTask();
+//     SleepForSeconds(5 * ValgrindSlowdown());
+//   }
+//
+double ValgrindSlowdown(void);
+
+ABSL_INTERNAL_END_EXTERN_C
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Address sanitizer annotations
 
 #ifdef ADDRESS_SANITIZER
-/* Describe the current state of a contiguous container such as e.g.
- * std::vector or std::string. For more details see
- * sanitizer/common_interface_defs.h, which is provided by the compiler. */
+// Describe the current state of a contiguous container such as e.g.
+// std::vector or std::string. For more details see
+// sanitizer/common_interface_defs.h, which is provided by the compiler.
 #include <sanitizer/common_interface_defs.h>
-#define ANNOTATE_CONTIGUOUS_CONTAINER(beg, end, old_mid, new_mid) \
+
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_CONTIGUOUS_CONTAINER(beg, end, old_mid, new_mid) \
   __sanitizer_annotate_contiguous_container(beg, end, old_mid, new_mid)
-#define ADDRESS_SANITIZER_REDZONE(name)         \
-  struct { char x[8] __attribute__ ((aligned (8))); } name
+#define ABSL_ADDRESS_SANITIZER_REDZONE(name) \
+  struct {                                   \
+    char x[8] __attribute__((aligned(8)));   \
+  } name
+
 #else
-#define ANNOTATE_CONTIGUOUS_CONTAINER(beg, end, old_mid, new_mid)
-#define ADDRESS_SANITIZER_REDZONE(name) static_assert(true, "")
+
+#define ABSL_ANNOTATE_CONTIGUOUS_CONTAINER(beg, end, old_mid, new_mid)
+#define ABSL_ADDRESS_SANITIZER_REDZONE(name) static_assert(true, "")
+
 #endif  // ADDRESS_SANITIZER
 
-/* Undefine the macros intended only in this file. */
-#undef ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED
-#undef ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
-#undef ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN
-#undef ATTRIBUTE_IGNORE_READS_END
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Undefine the macros intended only for this file.
+
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_BEGIN_EXTERN_C
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_END_EXTERN_C
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_STATIC_INLINE
 
-#endif  /* ABSL_BASE_DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_H_ */
+#endif  // ABSL_BASE_DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_H_
diff --git a/absl/base/internal/dynamic_annotations.h b/absl/base/internal/dynamic_annotations.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7d80f41c5d1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/absl/base/internal/dynamic_annotations.h
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// This file defines dynamic annotations for use with dynamic analysis tool
+// such as valgrind, PIN, etc.
+//
+// Dynamic annotation is a source code annotation that affects the generated
+// code (that is, the annotation is not a comment). Each such annotation is
+// attached to a particular instruction and/or to a particular object (address)
+// in the program.
+//
+// The annotations that should be used by users are macros in all upper-case
+// (e.g., ANNOTATE_THREAD_NAME).
+//
+// Actual implementation of these macros may differ depending on the dynamic
+// analysis tool being used.
+//
+// This file supports the following configurations:
+// - Dynamic Annotations enabled (with static thread-safety warnings disabled).
+//   In this case, macros expand to functions implemented by Thread Sanitizer,
+//   when building with TSan. When not provided an external implementation,
+//   dynamic_annotations.cc provides no-op implementations.
+//
+// - Static Clang thread-safety warnings enabled.
+//   When building with a Clang compiler that supports thread-safety warnings,
+//   a subset of annotations can be statically-checked at compile-time. We
+//   expand these macros to static-inline functions that can be analyzed for
+//   thread-safety, but afterwards elided when building the final binary.
+//
+// - All annotations are disabled.
+//   If neither Dynamic Annotations nor Clang thread-safety warnings are
+//   enabled, then all annotation-macros expand to empty.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_BASE_INTERNAL_DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_H_
+#define ABSL_BASE_INTERNAL_DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_H_
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "absl/base/config.h"
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Decide which features are enabled
+
+#ifndef DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+#define DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__) && !defined(SWIG)
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED 1
+#else
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED 0
+#endif
+
+#if DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED != 0
+
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 1
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 1
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 1
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED 0
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 1
+
+#else
+
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
+
+// Clang provides limited support for static thread-safety analysis through a
+// feature called Annotalysis. We configure macro-definitions according to
+// whether Annotalysis support is available. When running in opt-mode, GCC
+// will issue a warning, if these attributes are compiled. Only include them
+// when compiling using Clang.
+
+// ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED == 1 when IGNORE_READ_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED == 1
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED
+// Read/write annotations are enabled in Annotalysis mode; disabled otherwise.
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED
+#endif
+
+// Memory annotations are also made available to LLVM's Memory Sanitizer
+#if defined(MEMORY_SANITIZER) && defined(__has_feature) && \
+    !defined(__native_client__)
+#if __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_BEGIN_EXTERN_C extern "C" {
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_END_EXTERN_C }  // extern "C"
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(F) ::F
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_STATIC_INLINE inline
+#else
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_BEGIN_EXTERN_C  // empty
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_END_EXTERN_C    // empty
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(F) F
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_STATIC_INLINE static inline
+#endif
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Define race annotations.
+
+#if ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------
+// Annotations that suppress errors. It is usually better to express the
+// program's synchronization using the other annotations, but these can be used
+// when all else fails.
+
+// Report that we may have a benign race at `pointer`, with size
+// "sizeof(*(pointer))". `pointer` must be a non-void* pointer. Insert at the
+// point where `pointer` has been allocated, preferably close to the point
+// where the race happens. See also ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_STATIC.
+#define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE(pointer, description)     \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateBenignRaceSized) \
+  (__FILE__, __LINE__, pointer, sizeof(*(pointer)), description)
+
+// Same as ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE(`address`, `description`), but applies to
+// the memory range [`address`, `address`+`size`).
+#define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED(address, size, description) \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateBenignRaceSized)         \
+  (__FILE__, __LINE__, address, size, description)
+
+// Enable (`enable`!=0) or disable (`enable`==0) race detection for all threads.
+// This annotation could be useful if you want to skip expensive race analysis
+// during some period of program execution, e.g. during initialization.
+#define ANNOTATE_ENABLE_RACE_DETECTION(enable)             \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateEnableRaceDetection) \
+  (__FILE__, __LINE__, enable)
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------
+// Annotations useful for debugging.
+
+// Report the current thread `name` to a race detector.
+#define ANNOTATE_THREAD_NAME(name) \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateThreadName)(__FILE__, __LINE__, name)
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------
+// Annotations useful when implementing locks. They are not normally needed by
+// modules that merely use locks. The `lock` argument is a pointer to the lock
+// object.
+
+// Report that a lock has been created at address `lock`.
+#define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE(lock) \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateRWLockCreate)(__FILE__, __LINE__, lock)
+
+// Report that a linker initialized lock has been created at address `lock`.
+#ifdef THREAD_SANITIZER
+#define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE_STATIC(lock)               \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateRWLockCreateStatic) \
+  (__FILE__, __LINE__, lock)
+#else
+#define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE_STATIC(lock) ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE(lock)
+#endif
+
+// Report that the lock at address `lock` is about to be destroyed.
+#define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_DESTROY(lock) \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateRWLockDestroy)(__FILE__, __LINE__, lock)
+
+// Report that the lock at address `lock` has been acquired.
+// `is_w`=1 for writer lock, `is_w`=0 for reader lock.
+#define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_ACQUIRED(lock, is_w)          \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateRWLockAcquired) \
+  (__FILE__, __LINE__, lock, is_w)
+
+// Report that the lock at address `lock` is about to be released.
+// `is_w`=1 for writer lock, `is_w`=0 for reader lock.
+#define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_RELEASED(lock, is_w)          \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateRWLockReleased) \
+  (__FILE__, __LINE__, lock, is_w)
+
+// Apply ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED to a static variable `static_var`.
+#define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_STATIC(static_var, description)      \
+  namespace {                                                     \
+  class static_var##_annotator {                                  \
+   public:                                                        \
+    static_var##_annotator() {                                    \
+      ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED(&static_var, sizeof(static_var), \
+                                 #static_var ": " description);   \
+    }                                                             \
+  };                                                              \
+  static static_var##_annotator the##static_var##_annotator;      \
+  }  // namespace
+
+#else  // ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 0
+
+#define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE(lock)                            // empty
+#define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_CREATE_STATIC(lock)                     // empty
+#define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_DESTROY(lock)                           // empty
+#define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_ACQUIRED(lock, is_w)                    // empty
+#define ANNOTATE_RWLOCK_RELEASED(lock, is_w)                    // empty
+#define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE(address, description)              // empty
+#define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_SIZED(address, size, description)  // empty
+#define ANNOTATE_THREAD_NAME(name)                              // empty
+#define ANNOTATE_ENABLE_RACE_DETECTION(enable)                  // empty
+#define ANNOTATE_BENIGN_RACE_STATIC(static_var, description)    // empty
+
+#endif  // ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Define memory annotations.
+
+#if ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1
+
+#include <sanitizer/msan_interface.h>
+
+#define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_INITIALIZED(address, size) \
+  __msan_unpoison(address, size)
+
+#define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_UNINITIALIZED(address, size) \
+  __msan_allocated_memory(address, size)
+
+#else  // ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 0
+
+#if DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1
+#define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_INITIALIZED(address, size) \
+  do {                                                \
+    (void)(address);                                  \
+    (void)(size);                                     \
+  } while (0)
+#define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_UNINITIALIZED(address, size) \
+  do {                                                  \
+    (void)(address);                                    \
+    (void)(size);                                       \
+  } while (0)
+#else
+#define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_INITIALIZED(address, size)    // empty
+#define ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_UNINITIALIZED(address, size)  // empty
+#endif
+
+#endif  // ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Define IGNORE_READS_BEGIN/_END attributes.
+
+#if ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED == 1
+
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN_ATTRIBUTE \
+  __attribute((exclusive_lock_function("*")))
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_END_ATTRIBUTE \
+  __attribute((unlock_function("*")))
+
+#else  // ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED == 0
+
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN_ATTRIBUTE  // empty
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_END_ATTRIBUTE    // empty
+
+#endif  // ABSL_INTERNAL_IGNORE_READS_ATTRIBUTE_ENABLED
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Define IGNORE_READS_BEGIN/_END annotations.
+
+#if ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1
+
+// Request the analysis tool to ignore all reads in the current thread until
+// ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END is called. Useful to ignore intentional racey
+// reads, while still checking other reads and all writes.
+// See also ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ.
+#define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN() \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateIgnoreReadsBegin)(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+// Stop ignoring reads.
+#define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END() \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateIgnoreReadsEnd)(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+#elif defined(ABSL_INTERNAL_ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED)
+
+// When Annotalysis is enabled without Dynamic Annotations, the use of
+// static-inline functions allows the annotations to be read at compile-time,
+// while still letting the compiler elide the functions from the final build.
+//
+// TODO(delesley) -- The exclusive lock here ignores writes as well, but
+// allows IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES to work properly.
+
+#define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN() \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AbslInternalAnnotateIgnoreReadsBegin)()
+
+#define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END() \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AbslInternalAnnotateIgnoreReadsEnd)()
+
+#else
+
+#define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN()  // empty
+#define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END()    // empty
+
+#endif
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Define IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN/_END annotations.
+
+#if ABSL_INTERNAL_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED == 1
+
+// Similar to ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN, but ignore writes instead.
+#define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN() \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateIgnoreWritesBegin)(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+// Stop ignoring writes.
+#define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_END() \
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_SCOPED(AnnotateIgnoreWritesEnd)(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+#else
+
+#define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN()  // empty
+#define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_END()    // empty
+
+#endif
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Define the ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_* annotations using the more
+// primitive annotations defined above.
+//
+//     Instead of doing
+//        ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN();
+//        ... = x;
+//        ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END();
+//     one can use
+//        ... = ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ(x);
+
+#if defined(ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED)
+
+// Start ignoring all memory accesses (both reads and writes).
+#define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_BEGIN() \
+  do {                                           \
+    ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_BEGIN();               \
+    ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_BEGIN();              \
+  } while (0)
+
+// Stop ignoring both reads and writes.
+#define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_END() \
+  do {                                         \
+    ANNOTATE_IGNORE_WRITES_END();              \
+    ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_END();               \
+  } while (0)
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+// ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ is the preferred way to annotate racey reads.
+#define ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ(x) \
+  absl::base_internal::AnnotateUnprotectedRead(x)
+
+#endif
+
+#else
+
+#define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_BEGIN()  // empty
+#define ANNOTATE_IGNORE_READS_AND_WRITES_END()    // empty
+#define ANNOTATE_UNPROTECTED_READ(x) (x)
+
+#endif
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Address sanitizer annotations
+
+#ifdef ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+// Describe the current state of a contiguous container such as e.g.
+// std::vector or std::string. For more details see
+// sanitizer/common_interface_defs.h, which is provided by the compiler.
+#include <sanitizer/common_interface_defs.h>
+
+#define ANNOTATE_CONTIGUOUS_CONTAINER(beg, end, old_mid, new_mid) \
+  __sanitizer_annotate_contiguous_container(beg, end, old_mid, new_mid)
+#define ADDRESS_SANITIZER_REDZONE(name)    \
+  struct {                                 \
+    char x[8] __attribute__((aligned(8))); \
+  } name
+
+#else
+
+#define ANNOTATE_CONTIGUOUS_CONTAINER(beg, end, old_mid, new_mid)
+#define ADDRESS_SANITIZER_REDZONE(name) static_assert(true, "")
+
+#endif  // ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Undefine the macros intended only for this file.
+
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_RACE_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_MEMORY_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_ANNOTALYSIS_ENABLED
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_READS_WRITES_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_BEGIN_EXTERN_C
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_END_EXTERN_C
+#undef ABSL_INTERNAL_STATIC_INLINE
+
+#endif  // ABSL_BASE_INTERNAL_DYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_H_
diff --git a/absl/base/optimization_test.cc b/absl/base/optimization_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..894b68f8f346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/absl/base/optimization_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/base/optimization.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/types/optional.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+// Tests for the ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE and ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE macros.
+// The tests only verify that the macros are functionally correct - i.e. code
+// behaves as if they weren't used. They don't try to check their impact on
+// optimization.
+
+TEST(PredictTest, PredictTrue) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(true));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(false));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(1 == 1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(1 == 2));
+
+  if (ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(false)) ADD_FAILURE();
+  if (!ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(true)) ADD_FAILURE();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(true) && true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(true) || false);
+}
+
+TEST(PredictTest, PredictFalse) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(true));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(false));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(1 == 1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(1 == 2));
+
+  if (ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(false)) ADD_FAILURE();
+  if (!ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(true)) ADD_FAILURE();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(true) && true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(true) || false);
+}
+
+TEST(PredictTest, OneEvaluation) {
+  // Verify that the expression is only evaluated once.
+  int x = 0;
+  if (ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE((++x) == 0)) ADD_FAILURE();
+  EXPECT_EQ(x, 1);
+  if (ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE((++x) == 0)) ADD_FAILURE();
+  EXPECT_EQ(x, 2);
+}
+
+TEST(PredictTest, OperatorOrder) {
+  // Verify that operator order inside and outside the macro behaves well.
+  // These would fail for a naive '#define ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(x) x'
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(1 && 2) == true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(1 && 2) == true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(1 == 2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(1 == 2));
+}
+
+TEST(PredictTest, Pointer) {
+  const int x = 3;
+  const int *good_intptr = &x;
+  const int *null_intptr = nullptr;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(good_intptr));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(null_intptr));
+  // The following doesn't compile:
+  // EXPECT_TRUE(ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(good_intptr));
+  // EXPECT_FALSE(ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(null_intptr));
+}
+
+TEST(PredictTest, Optional) {
+  // Note: An optional's truth value is the value's existence, not its truth.
+  absl::optional<bool> has_value(false);
+  absl::optional<bool> no_value;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(has_value));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(no_value));
+  // The following doesn't compile:
+  // EXPECT_TRUE(ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(has_value));
+  // EXPECT_FALSE(ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(no_value));
+}
+
+class ImplictlyConvertibleToBool {
+ public:
+  explicit ImplictlyConvertibleToBool(bool value) : value_(value) {}
+  operator bool() const {  // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor)
+    return value_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool value_;
+};
+
+TEST(PredictTest, ImplicitBoolConversion) {
+  const ImplictlyConvertibleToBool is_true(true);
+  const ImplictlyConvertibleToBool is_false(false);
+  if (!ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(is_true)) ADD_FAILURE();
+  if (ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(is_false)) ADD_FAILURE();
+  if (!ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(is_true)) ADD_FAILURE();
+  if (ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(is_false)) ADD_FAILURE();
+}
+
+class ExplictlyConvertibleToBool {
+ public:
+  explicit ExplictlyConvertibleToBool(bool value) : value_(value) {}
+  explicit operator bool() const { return value_; }
+
+ private:
+  bool value_;
+};
+
+TEST(PredictTest, ExplicitBoolConversion) {
+  const ExplictlyConvertibleToBool is_true(true);
+  const ExplictlyConvertibleToBool is_false(false);
+  if (!ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(is_true)) ADD_FAILURE();
+  if (ABSL_PREDICT_TRUE(is_false)) ADD_FAILURE();
+  // The following doesn't compile:
+  // if (!ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(is_true)) ADD_FAILURE();
+  // if (ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(is_false)) ADD_FAILURE();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
diff --git a/absl/container/internal/btree.h b/absl/container/internal/btree.h
index b23138f09553..f52fe235a2a6 100644
--- a/absl/container/internal/btree.h
+++ b/absl/container/internal/btree.h
@@ -817,33 +817,52 @@ class btree_node {
     absl::container_internal::SanitizerPoisonObject(slot(i));
   }
 
-  // Transfers value from slot `src_i` in `src` to slot `dest_i` in `this`.
-  void transfer(const size_type dest_i, const size_type src_i, btree_node *src,
-                allocator_type *alloc) {
+  // Transfers value from slot `src_i` in `src_node` to slot `dest_i` in `this`.
+  void transfer(const size_type dest_i, const size_type src_i,
+                btree_node *src_node, allocator_type *alloc) {
     absl::container_internal::SanitizerUnpoisonObject(slot(dest_i));
-    params_type::transfer(alloc, slot(dest_i), src->slot(src_i));
-    absl::container_internal::SanitizerPoisonObject(src->slot(src_i));
+    params_type::transfer(alloc, slot(dest_i), src_node->slot(src_i));
+    absl::container_internal::SanitizerPoisonObject(src_node->slot(src_i));
   }
 
-  // Move n values starting at value i in this node into the values starting at
-  // value j in dest_node.
-  void uninitialized_move_n(const size_type n, const size_type i,
-                            const size_type j, btree_node *dest_node,
-                            allocator_type *alloc) {
+  // Transfers `n` values starting at value `src_i` in `src_node` into the
+  // values starting at value `dest_i` in `this`.
+  void transfer_n(const size_type n, const size_type dest_i,
+                  const size_type src_i, btree_node *src_node,
+                  allocator_type *alloc) {
     absl::container_internal::SanitizerUnpoisonMemoryRegion(
-        dest_node->slot(j), n * sizeof(slot_type));
-    for (slot_type *src = slot(i), *end = src + n, *dest = dest_node->slot(j);
+        slot(dest_i), n * sizeof(slot_type));
+    for (slot_type *src = src_node->slot(src_i), *end = src + n,
+                   *dest = slot(dest_i);
          src != end; ++src, ++dest) {
-      params_type::construct(alloc, dest, src);
+      params_type::transfer(alloc, dest, src);
     }
+    // We take care to avoid poisoning transferred-to nodes in case of overlap.
+    const size_type overlap =
+        this == src_node ? (std::max)(src_i, dest_i + n) - src_i : 0;
+    assert(n >= overlap);
+    absl::container_internal::SanitizerPoisonMemoryRegion(
+        src_node->slot(src_i + overlap), (n - overlap) * sizeof(slot_type));
   }
 
-  // Destroys a range of n values, starting at index i.
-  void value_destroy_n(const size_type i, const size_type n,
-                       allocator_type *alloc) {
-    for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
-      value_destroy(i + j, alloc);
+  // Same as above, except that we start at the end and work our way to the
+  // beginning.
+  void transfer_n_backward(const size_type n, const size_type dest_i,
+                           const size_type src_i, btree_node *src_node,
+                           allocator_type *alloc) {
+    absl::container_internal::SanitizerUnpoisonMemoryRegion(
+        slot(dest_i), n * sizeof(slot_type));
+    for (slot_type *src = src_node->slot(src_i + n - 1), *end = src - n,
+                   *dest = slot(dest_i + n - 1);
+         src != end; --src, --dest) {
+      params_type::transfer(alloc, dest, src);
     }
+    // We take care to avoid poisoning transferred-to nodes in case of overlap.
+    assert(this != src_node || dest_i >= src_i);
+    const size_type num_to_poison =
+        this == src_node ? (std::min)(n, dest_i - src_i) : n;
+    absl::container_internal::SanitizerPoisonMemoryRegion(
+        src_node->slot(src_i), num_to_poison * sizeof(slot_type));
   }
 
   template <typename P>
@@ -1531,10 +1550,8 @@ inline void btree_node<P>::emplace_value(const size_type i,
   // Shift old values to create space for new value and then construct it in
   // place.
   if (i < finish()) {
-    value_init(finish(), alloc, slot(finish() - 1));
-    for (size_type j = finish() - 1; j > i; --j)
-      params_type::move(alloc, slot(j - 1), slot(j));
-    value_destroy(i, alloc);
+    transfer_n_backward(finish() - i, /*dest_i=*/i + 1, /*src_i=*/i, this,
+                        alloc);
   }
   value_init(i, alloc, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
   set_finish(finish() + 1);
@@ -1564,7 +1581,9 @@ template <typename P>
 inline void btree_node<P>::remove_values_ignore_children(
     const int i, const int to_erase, allocator_type *alloc) {
   params_type::move(alloc, slot(i + to_erase), finish_slot(), slot(i));
-  value_destroy_n(finish() - to_erase, to_erase, alloc);
+  for (int j = finish() - to_erase; j < finish(); ++j) {
+    value_destroy(j, alloc);
+  }
   set_finish(finish() - to_erase);
 }
 
@@ -1579,22 +1598,17 @@ void btree_node<P>::rebalance_right_to_left(const int to_move,
   assert(to_move <= right->count());
 
   // 1) Move the delimiting value in the parent to the left node.
-  value_init(finish(), alloc, parent()->slot(position()));
+  transfer(finish(), position(), parent(), alloc);
 
   // 2) Move the (to_move - 1) values from the right node to the left node.
-  right->uninitialized_move_n(to_move - 1, right->start(), finish() + 1, this,
-                              alloc);
+  transfer_n(to_move - 1, finish() + 1, right->start(), right, alloc);
 
   // 3) Move the new delimiting value to the parent from the right node.
-  params_type::move(alloc, right->slot(to_move - 1),
-                    parent()->slot(position()));
-
-  // 4) Shift the values in the right node to their correct position.
-  params_type::move(alloc, right->slot(to_move), right->finish_slot(),
-                    right->start_slot());
+  parent()->transfer(position(), right->start() + to_move - 1, right, alloc);
 
-  // 5) Destroy the now-empty to_move entries in the right node.
-  right->value_destroy_n(right->finish() - to_move, to_move, alloc);
+  // 4) Shift the values in the right node to their correct positions.
+  right->transfer_n(right->count() - to_move, right->start(),
+                    right->start() + to_move, right, alloc);
 
   if (!leaf()) {
     // Move the child pointers from the right to the left node.
@@ -1629,54 +1643,19 @@ void btree_node<P>::rebalance_left_to_right(const int to_move,
   // Lastly, a new delimiting value is moved from the left node into the
   // parent, and the remaining empty left node entries are destroyed.
 
-  if (right->count() >= to_move) {
-    // The original location of the right->count() values are sufficient to hold
-    // the new to_move entries from the parent and left node.
-
-    // 1) Shift existing values in the right node to their correct positions.
-    right->uninitialized_move_n(to_move, right->finish() - to_move,
-                                right->finish(), right, alloc);
-    for (slot_type *src = right->slot(right->finish() - to_move - 1),
-                   *dest = right->slot(right->finish() - 1),
-                   *end = right->start_slot();
-         src >= end; --src, --dest) {
-      params_type::move(alloc, src, dest);
-    }
-
-    // 2) Move the delimiting value in the parent to the right node.
-    params_type::move(alloc, parent()->slot(position()),
-                      right->slot(to_move - 1));
+  // 1) Shift existing values in the right node to their correct positions.
+  right->transfer_n_backward(right->count(), right->start() + to_move,
+                             right->start(), right, alloc);
 
-    // 3) Move the (to_move - 1) values from the left node to the right node.
-    params_type::move(alloc, slot(finish() - (to_move - 1)), finish_slot(),
-                      right->start_slot());
-  } else {
-    // The right node does not have enough initialized space to hold the new
-    // to_move entries, so part of them will move to uninitialized space.
-
-    // 1) Shift existing values in the right node to their correct positions.
-    right->uninitialized_move_n(right->count(), right->start(),
-                                right->start() + to_move, right, alloc);
+  // 2) Move the delimiting value in the parent to the right node.
+  right->transfer(right->start() + to_move - 1, position(), parent(), alloc);
 
-    // 2) Move the delimiting value in the parent to the right node.
-    right->value_init(to_move - 1, alloc, parent()->slot(position()));
-
-    // 3) Move the (to_move - 1) values from the left node to the right node.
-    const size_type uninitialized_remaining = to_move - right->count() - 1;
-    uninitialized_move_n(uninitialized_remaining,
-                         finish() - uninitialized_remaining, right->finish(),
-                         right, alloc);
-    params_type::move(alloc, slot(finish() - (to_move - 1)),
-                      slot(finish() - uninitialized_remaining),
-                      right->start_slot());
-  }
+  // 3) Move the (to_move - 1) values from the left node to the right node.
+  right->transfer_n(to_move - 1, right->start(), finish() - (to_move - 1), this,
+                    alloc);
 
   // 4) Move the new delimiting value to the parent from the left node.
-  params_type::move(alloc, slot(finish() - to_move),
-                    parent()->slot(position()));
-
-  // 5) Destroy the now-empty to_move entries in the left node.
-  value_destroy_n(finish() - to_move, to_move, alloc);
+  parent()->transfer(position(), finish() - to_move, this, alloc);
 
   if (!leaf()) {
     // Move the child pointers from the left to the right node.
@@ -1716,10 +1695,7 @@ void btree_node<P>::split(const int insert_position, btree_node *dest,
   assert(count() >= 1);
 
   // Move values from the left sibling to the right sibling.
-  uninitialized_move_n(dest->count(), finish(), dest->start(), dest, alloc);
-
-  // Destroy the now-empty entries in the left node.
-  value_destroy_n(finish(), dest->count(), alloc);
+  dest->transfer_n(dest->count(), dest->start(), finish(), this, alloc);
 
   // The split key is the largest value in the left sibling.
   --mutable_finish();
@@ -1746,11 +1722,7 @@ void btree_node<P>::merge(btree_node *src, allocator_type *alloc) {
   value_init(finish(), alloc, parent()->slot(position()));
 
   // Move the values from the right to the left node.
-  src->uninitialized_move_n(src->count(), src->start(), finish() + 1, this,
-                            alloc);
-
-  // Destroy the now-empty entries in the right node.
-  src->value_destroy_n(src->start(), src->count(), alloc);
+  transfer_n(src->count(), finish() + 1, src->start(), src, alloc);
 
   if (!leaf()) {
     // Move the child pointers from the right to the left node.
@@ -2474,9 +2446,8 @@ inline auto btree<P>::internal_emplace(iterator iter, Args &&... args)
       // Transfer the values from the old root to the new root.
       node_type *old_root = root();
       node_type *new_root = iter.node;
-      for (int i = old_root->start(), f = old_root->finish(); i < f; ++i) {
-        new_root->transfer(i, i, old_root, alloc);
-      }
+      new_root->transfer_n(old_root->count(), new_root->start(),
+                           old_root->start(), old_root, alloc);
       new_root->set_finish(old_root->finish());
       old_root->set_finish(old_root->start());
       delete_leaf_node(old_root);
diff --git a/absl/container/internal/unordered_map_modifiers_test.h b/absl/container/internal/unordered_map_modifiers_test.h
index b8c513f1579d..8c9ca779a424 100644
--- a/absl/container/internal/unordered_map_modifiers_test.h
+++ b/absl/container/internal/unordered_map_modifiers_test.h
@@ -286,6 +286,8 @@ class UniquePtrModifiersTest : public ::testing::Test {
   }
 };
 
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(UniquePtrModifiersTest);
+
 TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(UniquePtrModifiersTest);
 
 // Test that we do not move from rvalue arguments if an insertion does not
diff --git a/absl/debugging/BUILD.bazel b/absl/debugging/BUILD.bazel
index 8f521bec4692..d336246777fa 100644
--- a/absl/debugging/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/absl/debugging/BUILD.bazel
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ cc_library(
     name = "symbolize",
     srcs = [
         "symbolize.cc",
+        "symbolize_darwin.inc",
         "symbolize_elf.inc",
         "symbolize_unimplemented.inc",
         "symbolize_win32.inc",
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ cc_library(
         "//absl/base:dynamic_annotations",
         "//absl/base:malloc_internal",
         "//absl/base:raw_logging_internal",
+        "//absl/strings",
     ],
 )
 
@@ -98,6 +100,7 @@ cc_test(
         "//absl/base:core_headers",
         "//absl/base:raw_logging_internal",
         "//absl/memory",
+        "//absl/strings",
         "@com_google_googletest//:gtest",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/absl/debugging/CMakeLists.txt b/absl/debugging/CMakeLists.txt
index 77336159393d..c597df86b0b5 100644
--- a/absl/debugging/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/absl/debugging/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ absl_cc_library(
     "internal/symbolize.h"
   SRCS
     "symbolize.cc"
+    "symbolize_darwin.inc"
     "symbolize_elf.inc"
     "symbolize_unimplemented.inc"
     "symbolize_win32.inc"
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ absl_cc_library(
     absl::dynamic_annotations
     absl::malloc_internal
     absl::raw_logging_internal
+    absl::strings
   PUBLIC
 )
 
@@ -83,6 +85,7 @@ absl_cc_test(
     absl::core_headers
     absl::memory
     absl::raw_logging_internal
+    absl::strings
     gmock
 )
 
diff --git a/absl/debugging/internal/examine_stack.cc b/absl/debugging/internal/examine_stack.cc
index a3dd893a9dfe..6e5ff1fbd836 100644
--- a/absl/debugging/internal/examine_stack.cc
+++ b/absl/debugging/internal/examine_stack.cc
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <sys/ucontext.h>
+#endif
+
 #include <csignal>
 #include <cstdio>
 
@@ -66,6 +70,32 @@ void* GetProgramCounter(void* vuc) {
 #error "Undefined Architecture."
 #endif
   }
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+  if (vuc != nullptr) {
+    ucontext_t* signal_ucontext = reinterpret_cast<ucontext_t*>(vuc);
+#if defined(__aarch64__)
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(
+        __darwin_arm_thread_state64_get_pc(signal_ucontext->uc_mcontext->__ss));
+#elif defined(__arm__)
+#if __DARWIN_UNIX03
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(signal_ucontext->uc_mcontext->__ss.__pc);
+#else
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(signal_ucontext->uc_mcontext->ss.pc);
+#endif
+#elif defined(__i386__)
+#if __DARWIN_UNIX03
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(signal_ucontext->uc_mcontext->__ss.__eip);
+#else
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(signal_ucontext->uc_mcontext->ss.eip);
+#endif
+#elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#if __DARWIN_UNIX03
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(signal_ucontext->uc_mcontext->__ss.__rip);
+#else
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(signal_ucontext->uc_mcontext->ss.rip);
+#endif
+#endif
+  }
 #elif defined(__akaros__)
   auto* ctx = reinterpret_cast<struct user_context*>(vuc);
   return reinterpret_cast<void*>(get_user_ctx_pc(ctx));
diff --git a/absl/debugging/internal/stacktrace_config.h b/absl/debugging/internal/stacktrace_config.h
index d4e8480a8e28..d5cc17401396 100644
--- a/absl/debugging/internal/stacktrace_config.h
+++ b/absl/debugging/internal/stacktrace_config.h
@@ -28,6 +28,27 @@
 #define ABSL_STACKTRACE_INL_HEADER \
     "absl/debugging/internal/stacktrace_win32-inl.inc"
 
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+// Thread local support required for UnwindImpl.
+// Notes:
+// * Xcode's clang did not support `thread_local` until version 8, and
+//   even then not for all iOS < 9.0.
+// * Xcode 9.3 started disallowing `thread_local` for 32-bit iOS simulator
+//   targeting iOS 9.x.
+// * Xcode 10 moves the deployment target check for iOS < 9.0 to link time
+//   making __has_feature unreliable there.
+//
+// Otherwise, `__has_feature` is only supported by Clang so it has be inside
+// `defined(__APPLE__)` check.
+#if __has_feature(cxx_thread_local) && \
+    !(TARGET_OS_IPHONE && __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < __IPHONE_9_0)
+#define ABSL_STACKTRACE_INL_HEADER \
+  "absl/debugging/internal/stacktrace_generic-inl.inc"
+#else
+#define ABSL_STACKTRACE_INL_HEADER \
+  "absl/debugging/internal/stacktrace_unimplemented-inl.inc"
+#endif
+
 #elif defined(__linux__) && !defined(__ANDROID__)
 
 #if !defined(NO_FRAME_POINTER)
@@ -40,7 +61,7 @@
 # elif defined(__aarch64__)
 #define ABSL_STACKTRACE_INL_HEADER \
     "absl/debugging/internal/stacktrace_aarch64-inl.inc"
-# elif defined(__arm__)
+#elif defined(__arm__) && defined(__GLIBC__)
 // Note: When using glibc this may require -funwind-tables to function properly.
 #define ABSL_STACKTRACE_INL_HEADER \
   "absl/debugging/internal/stacktrace_generic-inl.inc"
diff --git a/absl/debugging/internal/symbolize.h b/absl/debugging/internal/symbolize.h
index 5d0858b5c7e1..663d774d42fa 100644
--- a/absl/debugging/internal/symbolize.h
+++ b/absl/debugging/internal/symbolize.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 
 #ifdef ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_ELF_SYMBOLIZE
 #error ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_ELF_SYMBOLIZE cannot be directly set
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ namespace debugging_internal {
 //
 // This is not async-signal-safe.
 bool ForEachSection(int fd,
-                    const std::function<bool(const std::string& name,
+                    const std::function<bool(absl::string_view name,
                                              const ElfW(Shdr) &)>& callback);
 
 // Gets the section header for the given name, if it exists. Returns true on
@@ -59,6 +60,12 @@ ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
 
 #endif  // ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_ELF_SYMBOLIZE
 
+#ifdef ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_DARWIN_SYMBOLIZE
+#error ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_DARWIN_SYMBOLIZE cannot be directly set
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#define ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_DARWIN_SYMBOLIZE 1
+#endif
+
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 namespace debugging_internal {
diff --git a/absl/debugging/symbolize.cc b/absl/debugging/symbolize.cc
index 54ed97002a1c..eec7a6e86118 100644
--- a/absl/debugging/symbolize.cc
+++ b/absl/debugging/symbolize.cc
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 // The Windows Symbolizer only works if PDB files containing the debug info
 // are available to the program at runtime.
 #include "absl/debugging/symbolize_win32.inc"
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#include "absl/debugging/symbolize_darwin.inc"
 #else
 #include "absl/debugging/symbolize_unimplemented.inc"
 #endif
diff --git a/absl/debugging/symbolize_darwin.inc b/absl/debugging/symbolize_darwin.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cdadd40e97d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/absl/debugging/symbolize_darwin.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <cxxabi.h>
+#include <execinfo.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "absl/base/internal/raw_logging.h"
+#include "absl/debugging/internal/demangle.h"
+#include "absl/strings/numbers.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+void InitializeSymbolizer(const char*) {}
+
+namespace debugging_internal {
+namespace {
+
+static std::string GetSymbolString(absl::string_view backtrace_line) {
+  // Example Backtrace lines:
+  // 0   libimaging_shared.dylib             0x018c152a
+  // _ZNSt11_Deque_baseIN3nik7mediadb4PageESaIS2_EE17_M_initialize_mapEm + 3478
+  //
+  // or
+  // 0   libimaging_shared.dylib             0x0000000001895c39
+  // _ZN3nik4util19register_shared_ptrINS_3gpu7TextureEEEvPKvS5_ + 39
+  //
+  // or
+  // 0   mysterious_app                      0x0124000120120009 main + 17
+  auto address_pos = backtrace_line.find(" 0x");
+  if (address_pos == absl::string_view::npos) return std::string();
+  absl::string_view symbol_view = backtrace_line.substr(address_pos + 1);
+
+  auto space_pos = symbol_view.find(" ");
+  if (space_pos == absl::string_view::npos) return std::string();
+  symbol_view = symbol_view.substr(space_pos + 1);  // to mangled symbol
+
+  auto plus_pos = symbol_view.find(" + ");
+  if (plus_pos == absl::string_view::npos) return std::string();
+  symbol_view = symbol_view.substr(0, plus_pos);  // strip remainng
+
+  return std::string(symbol_view);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace debugging_internal
+
+bool Symbolize(const void* pc, char* out, int out_size) {
+  if (out_size <= 0 || pc == nullptr) {
+    out = nullptr;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // This allocates a char* array.
+  char** frame_strings = backtrace_symbols(const_cast<void**>(&pc), 1);
+
+  if (frame_strings == nullptr) return false;
+
+  std::string symbol = debugging_internal::GetSymbolString(frame_strings[0]);
+  free(frame_strings);
+
+  char tmp_buf[1024];
+  if (debugging_internal::Demangle(symbol.c_str(), tmp_buf, sizeof(tmp_buf))) {
+    int len = strlen(tmp_buf);
+    if (len + 1 <= out_size) {  // +1 for '\0'
+      assert(len < sizeof(tmp_buf));
+      memmove(out, tmp_buf, len + 1);
+    }
+  } else {
+    strncpy(out, symbol.c_str(), out_size);
+  }
+
+  if (out[out_size - 1] != '\0') {
+    // strncpy() does not '\0' terminate when it truncates.
+    static constexpr char kEllipsis[] = "...";
+    int ellipsis_size = std::min<int>(sizeof(kEllipsis) - 1, out_size - 1);
+    memcpy(out + out_size - ellipsis_size - 1, kEllipsis, ellipsis_size);
+    out[out_size - 1] = '\0';
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
+}  // namespace absl
diff --git a/absl/debugging/symbolize_elf.inc b/absl/debugging/symbolize_elf.inc
index ec86f9a93327..c05424e05b7d 100644
--- a/absl/debugging/symbolize_elf.inc
+++ b/absl/debugging/symbolize_elf.inc
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
 #include "absl/base/port.h"
 #include "absl/debugging/internal/demangle.h"
 #include "absl/debugging/internal/vdso_support.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
@@ -498,7 +499,7 @@ static ABSL_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE bool GetSectionHeaderByType(
 const int kMaxSectionNameLen = 64;
 
 bool ForEachSection(int fd,
-                    const std::function<bool(const std::string &name,
+                    const std::function<bool(absl::string_view name,
                                              const ElfW(Shdr) &)> &callback) {
   ElfW(Ehdr) elf_header;
   if (!ReadFromOffsetExact(fd, &elf_header, sizeof(elf_header), 0)) {
@@ -520,7 +521,7 @@ bool ForEachSection(int fd,
       return false;
     }
     off_t name_offset = shstrtab.sh_offset + out.sh_name;
-    char header_name[kMaxSectionNameLen + 1];
+    char header_name[kMaxSectionNameLen];
     ssize_t n_read =
         ReadFromOffset(fd, &header_name, kMaxSectionNameLen, name_offset);
     if (n_read == -1) {
@@ -529,9 +530,8 @@ bool ForEachSection(int fd,
       // Long read?
       return false;
     }
-    header_name[n_read] = '\0';
 
-    std::string name(header_name);
+    absl::string_view name(header_name, strnlen(header_name, n_read));
     if (!callback(name, out)) {
       break;
     }
diff --git a/absl/debugging/symbolize_test.cc b/absl/debugging/symbolize_test.cc
index a1d03aab531b..43f655493afb 100644
--- a/absl/debugging/symbolize_test.cc
+++ b/absl/debugging/symbolize_test.cc
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include "absl/base/optimization.h"
 #include "absl/debugging/internal/stack_consumption.h"
 #include "absl/memory/memory.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 
 using testing::Contains;
 
@@ -144,7 +145,8 @@ static const char *TrySymbolize(void *pc) {
   return TrySymbolizeWithLimit(pc, sizeof(try_symbolize_buffer));
 }
 
-#ifdef ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_ELF_SYMBOLIZE
+#if defined(ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_ELF_SYMBOLIZE) || \
+    defined(ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_DARWIN_SYMBOLIZE)
 
 TEST(Symbolize, Cached) {
   // Compilers should give us pointers to them.
@@ -258,6 +260,7 @@ TEST(Symbolize, SymbolizeWithDemanglingStackConsumption) {
 
 #endif  // ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_DEBUGGING_STACK_CONSUMPTION
 
+#ifndef ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_DARWIN_SYMBOLIZE
 // Use a 64K page size for PPC.
 const size_t kPageSize = 64 << 10;
 // We place a read-only symbols into the .text section and verify that we can
@@ -399,8 +402,8 @@ TEST(Symbolize, ForEachSection) {
 
   std::vector<std::string> sections;
   ASSERT_TRUE(absl::debugging_internal::ForEachSection(
-      fd, [&sections](const std::string &name, const ElfW(Shdr) &) {
-        sections.push_back(name);
+      fd, [&sections](const absl::string_view name, const ElfW(Shdr) &) {
+        sections.emplace_back(name);
         return true;
       }));
 
@@ -413,6 +416,7 @@ TEST(Symbolize, ForEachSection) {
 
   close(fd);
 }
+#endif  // !ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_DARWIN_SYMBOLIZE
 
 // x86 specific tests.  Uses some inline assembler.
 extern "C" {
@@ -541,7 +545,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   absl::InitializeSymbolizer(argv[0]);
   testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
 
-#ifdef ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_ELF_SYMBOLIZE
+#if defined(ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_ELF_SYMBOLIZE) || \
+    defined(ABSL_INTERNAL_HAVE_DARWIN_SYMBOLIZE)
   TestWithPCInsideInlineFunction();
   TestWithPCInsideNonInlineFunction();
   TestWithReturnAddress();
diff --git a/absl/flags/BUILD.bazel b/absl/flags/BUILD.bazel
index 368108252741..006911fd8e71 100644
--- a/absl/flags/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/absl/flags/BUILD.bazel
@@ -27,28 +27,18 @@ package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
 licenses(["notice"])  # Apache 2.0
 
 cc_library(
-    name = "flag_internal",
-    srcs = [
-        "internal/flag.cc",
-    ],
+    name = "path_util",
     hdrs = [
-        "internal/flag.h",
+        "internal/path_util.h",
     ],
     copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
     linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
-    visibility = ["//absl/base:__subpackages__"],
+    visibility = [
+        "//absl/flags:__pkg__",
+    ],
     deps = [
-        ":config",
-        ":handle",
-        ":marshalling",
-        ":registry",
-        "//absl/base",
         "//absl/base:config",
-        "//absl/base:core_headers",
-        "//absl/memory",
-        "//absl/meta:type_traits",
         "//absl/strings",
-        "//absl/synchronization",
     ],
 )
 
@@ -75,22 +65,6 @@ cc_library(
 )
 
 cc_library(
-    name = "path_util",
-    hdrs = [
-        "internal/path_util.h",
-    ],
-    copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
-    linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
-    visibility = [
-        "//absl/flags:__pkg__",
-    ],
-    deps = [
-        "//absl/base:config",
-        "//absl/strings",
-    ],
-)
-
-cc_library(
     name = "config",
     srcs = [
         "usage_config.cc",
@@ -131,21 +105,32 @@ cc_library(
 )
 
 cc_library(
-    name = "handle",
-    srcs = [
-        "internal/commandlineflag.cc",
-    ],
+    name = "commandlineflag_internal",
     hdrs = [
         "internal/commandlineflag.h",
     ],
     copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
     linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
-    visibility = [
-        "//absl/flags:__pkg__",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:private"],
+    deps = [
+        "//absl/base:config",
+        "//absl/base:fast_type_id",
     ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "commandlineflag",
+    srcs = [
+        "commandlineflag.cc",
+    ],
+    hdrs = [
+        "commandlineflag.h",
+    ],
+    copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
+    linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
     deps = [
+        ":commandlineflag_internal",
         "//absl/base:config",
-        "//absl/base:core_headers",
         "//absl/base:fast_type_id",
         "//absl/strings",
         "//absl/types:optional",
@@ -165,37 +150,66 @@ cc_library(
     visibility = [
         "//absl/flags:__pkg__",
     ],
-    deps = [":handle"],
+    deps = [
+        ":commandlineflag",
+        ":commandlineflag_internal",
+        "//absl/base:config",
+        "//absl/strings",
+    ],
 )
 
 cc_library(
-    name = "registry",
+    name = "reflection",
     srcs = [
-        "internal/registry.cc",
-        "internal/type_erased.cc",
+        "reflection.cc",
     ],
     hdrs = [
         "internal/registry.h",
-        "internal/type_erased.h",
+        "reflection.h",
     ],
     copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
     linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
-    visibility = [
-        "//absl/flags:__pkg__",
-    ],
     deps = [
+        ":commandlineflag",
+        ":commandlineflag_internal",
         ":config",
-        ":handle",
         ":private_handle_accessor",
         "//absl/base:config",
         "//absl/base:core_headers",
-        "//absl/base:raw_logging_internal",
         "//absl/strings",
         "//absl/synchronization",
     ],
 )
 
 cc_library(
+    name = "flag_internal",
+    srcs = [
+        "internal/flag.cc",
+    ],
+    hdrs = [
+        "internal/flag.h",
+    ],
+    copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
+    linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
+    visibility = ["//absl/base:__subpackages__"],
+    deps = [
+        ":commandlineflag",
+        ":commandlineflag_internal",
+        ":config",
+        ":marshalling",
+        ":reflection",
+        "//absl/base",
+        "//absl/base:config",
+        "//absl/base:core_headers",
+        "//absl/memory",
+        "//absl/meta:type_traits",
+        "//absl/strings",
+        "//absl/synchronization",
+        "//absl/utility",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
     name = "flag",
     srcs = [
         "flag.cc",
@@ -209,9 +223,7 @@ cc_library(
     deps = [
         ":config",
         ":flag_internal",
-        ":handle",
-        ":marshalling",
-        ":registry",
+        ":reflection",
         "//absl/base",
         "//absl/base:config",
         "//absl/base:core_headers",
@@ -233,14 +245,14 @@ cc_library(
         "//absl/flags:__pkg__",
     ],
     deps = [
+        ":commandlineflag",
         ":config",
         ":flag",
         ":flag_internal",
-        ":handle",
         ":path_util",
         ":private_handle_accessor",
         ":program_name",
-        ":registry",
+        ":reflection",
         "//absl/base:config",
         "//absl/base:core_headers",
         "//absl/strings",
@@ -276,13 +288,14 @@ cc_library(
     copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
     linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
     deps = [
+        ":commandlineflag",
+        ":commandlineflag_internal",
         ":config",
         ":flag",
         ":flag_internal",
-        ":handle",
         ":private_handle_accessor",
         ":program_name",
-        ":registry",
+        ":reflection",
         ":usage",
         ":usage_internal",
         "//absl/base:config",
@@ -299,16 +312,17 @@ cc_test(
     name = "commandlineflag_test",
     size = "small",
     srcs = [
-        "internal/commandlineflag_test.cc",
+        "commandlineflag_test.cc",
     ],
     copts = ABSL_TEST_COPTS,
     linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
     deps = [
+        ":commandlineflag",
+        ":commandlineflag_internal",
         ":config",
         ":flag",
-        ":handle",
         ":private_handle_accessor",
-        ":registry",
+        ":reflection",
         "//absl/memory",
         "//absl/strings",
         "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
@@ -342,8 +356,8 @@ cc_test(
         ":config",
         ":flag",
         ":flag_internal",
-        ":handle",
-        ":registry",
+        ":marshalling",
+        ":reflection",
         "//absl/base:core_headers",
         "//absl/base:malloc_internal",
         "//absl/strings",
@@ -363,6 +377,8 @@ cc_binary(
     visibility = ["//visibility:private"],
     deps = [
         ":flag",
+        ":marshalling",
+        "//absl/strings",
         "//absl/time",
         "//absl/types:optional",
         "@com_github_google_benchmark//:benchmark_main",
@@ -384,35 +400,35 @@ cc_test(
 )
 
 cc_test(
-    name = "path_util_test",
+    name = "parse_test",
     size = "small",
     srcs = [
-        "internal/path_util_test.cc",
+        "parse_test.cc",
     ],
     copts = ABSL_TEST_COPTS,
     linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
     deps = [
-        ":path_util",
+        ":flag",
+        ":parse",
+        ":reflection",
+        "//absl/base:raw_logging_internal",
+        "//absl/base:scoped_set_env",
+        "//absl/strings",
+        "//absl/types:span",
         "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
     ],
 )
 
 cc_test(
-    name = "parse_test",
+    name = "path_util_test",
     size = "small",
     srcs = [
-        "parse_test.cc",
+        "internal/path_util_test.cc",
     ],
     copts = ABSL_TEST_COPTS,
     linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
     deps = [
-        ":flag",
-        ":parse",
-        ":registry",
-        "//absl/base:raw_logging_internal",
-        "//absl/base:scoped_set_env",
-        "//absl/strings",
-        "//absl/types:span",
+        ":path_util",
         "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
     ],
 )
@@ -433,18 +449,18 @@ cc_test(
 )
 
 cc_test(
-    name = "type_erased_test",
+    name = "reflection_test",
     size = "small",
     srcs = [
-        "internal/type_erased_test.cc",
+        "reflection_test.cc",
     ],
     copts = ABSL_TEST_COPTS,
     linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
     deps = [
+        ":commandlineflag_internal",
         ":flag",
-        ":handle",
         ":marshalling",
-        ":registry",
+        ":reflection",
         "//absl/memory",
         "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
     ],
@@ -481,10 +497,9 @@ cc_test(
         ":parse",
         ":path_util",
         ":program_name",
-        ":registry",
+        ":reflection",
         ":usage",
         ":usage_internal",
-        "//absl/memory",
         "//absl/strings",
         "@com_google_googletest//:gtest",
     ],
diff --git a/absl/flags/CMakeLists.txt b/absl/flags/CMakeLists.txt
index e6b17c9b048c..ef75db8e9c5f 100644
--- a/absl/flags/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/absl/flags/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -17,24 +17,16 @@
 # Internal-only target, do not depend on directly.
 absl_cc_library(
   NAME
-    flags_internal
-  SRCS
-    "internal/flag.cc"
+    flags_path_util
   HDRS
-    "internal/flag.h"
+    "internal/path_util.h"
   COPTS
     ${ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS}
   LINKOPTS
     ${ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS}
   DEPS
-    absl::base
     absl::config
-    absl::flags_config
-    absl::flags_handle
-    absl::flags_marshalling
-    absl::flags_registry
-    absl::synchronization
-    absl::meta
+    absl::strings
   PUBLIC
 )
 
@@ -59,22 +51,6 @@ absl_cc_library(
   PUBLIC
 )
 
-# Internal-only target, do not depend on directly.
-absl_cc_library(
-  NAME
-    flags_path_util
-  HDRS
-    "internal/path_util.h"
-  COPTS
-    ${ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS}
-  LINKOPTS
-    ${ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS}
-  DEPS
-    absl::config
-    absl::strings
-  PUBLIC
-)
-
 absl_cc_library(
   NAME
     flags_config
@@ -118,9 +94,7 @@ absl_cc_library(
 # Internal-only target, do not depend on directly.
 absl_cc_library(
   NAME
-    flags_handle
-  SRCS
-    "internal/commandlineflag.cc"
+    flags_commandlineflag_internal
   HDRS
     "internal/commandlineflag.h"
   COPTS
@@ -130,11 +104,25 @@ absl_cc_library(
   DEPS
     absl::config
     absl::fast_type_id
-    absl::core_headers
+)
+
+absl_cc_library(
+  NAME
+    flags_commandlineflag
+  SRCS
+    "commandlineflag.cc"
+  HDRS
+    "commandlineflag.h"
+  COPTS
+    ${ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS}
+  LINKOPTS
+    ${ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS}
+  DEPS
+    absl::config
+    absl::fast_type_id
+    absl::flags_commandlineflag_internal
     absl::optional
-    absl::raw_logging_internal
     absl::strings
-    absl::synchronization
 )
 
 # Internal-only target, do not depend on directly.
@@ -150,34 +138,57 @@ absl_cc_library(
   LINKOPTS
     ${ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS}
   DEPS
-    absl::flags_handle
+    absl::config
+    absl::flags_commandlineflag
+    absl::flags_commandlineflag_internal
+    absl::strings
 )
 
-# Internal-only target, do not depend on directly.
 absl_cc_library(
   NAME
-    flags_registry
+    flags_reflection
   SRCS
-    "internal/registry.cc"
-    "internal/type_erased.cc"
+    "reflection.cc"
   HDRS
+    "reflection.h"
     "internal/registry.h"
-    "internal/type_erased.h"
   COPTS
     ${ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS}
   LINKOPTS
     ${ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS}
   DEPS
     absl::config
-    absl::flags_config
-    absl::flags_handle
+    absl::flags_commandlineflag
     absl::flags_private_handle_accessor
-    absl::core_headers
-    absl::raw_logging_internal
+    absl::flags_config
     absl::strings
     absl::synchronization
 )
 
+# Internal-only target, do not depend on directly.
+absl_cc_library(
+  NAME
+    flags_internal
+  SRCS
+    "internal/flag.cc"
+  HDRS
+    "internal/flag.h"
+  COPTS
+    ${ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS}
+  LINKOPTS
+    ${ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS}
+  DEPS
+    absl::base
+    absl::config
+    absl::flags_commandlineflag_internal
+    absl::flags_config
+    absl::flags_marshalling
+    absl::synchronization
+    absl::meta
+    absl::utility
+  PUBLIC
+)
+
 absl_cc_library(
   NAME
     flags
@@ -192,11 +203,10 @@ absl_cc_library(
     ${ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS}
   DEPS
     absl::config
+    absl::flags_commandlineflag
     absl::flags_config
-    absl::flags_handle
     absl::flags_internal
-    absl::flags_marshalling
-    absl::flags_registry
+    absl::flags_reflection
     absl::base
     absl::core_headers
     absl::strings
@@ -218,12 +228,12 @@ absl_cc_library(
     absl::config
     absl::flags_config
     absl::flags
-    absl::flags_handle
-    absl::flags_private_handle_accessor
+    absl::flags_commandlineflag
     absl::flags_internal
     absl::flags_path_util
+    absl::flags_private_handle_accessor
     absl::flags_program_name
-    absl::flags_registry
+    absl::flags_reflection
     absl::strings
     absl::synchronization
 )
@@ -264,11 +274,12 @@ absl_cc_library(
     absl::core_headers
     absl::flags_config
     absl::flags
-    absl::flags_handle
-    absl::flags_private_handle_accessor
+    absl::flags_commandlineflag
+    absl::flags_commandlineflag_internal
     absl::flags_internal
+    absl::flags_private_handle_accessor
     absl::flags_program_name
-    absl::flags_registry
+    absl::flags_reflection
     absl::flags_usage
     absl::strings
     absl::synchronization
@@ -281,15 +292,16 @@ absl_cc_test(
   NAME
     flags_commandlineflag_test
   SRCS
-    "internal/commandlineflag_test.cc"
+    "commandlineflag_test.cc"
   COPTS
     ${ABSL_TEST_COPTS}
   DEPS
     absl::flags
+    absl::flags_commandlineflag
+    absl::flags_commandlineflag_internal
     absl::flags_config
-    absl::flags_handle
     absl::flags_private_handle_accessor
-    absl::flags_registry
+    absl::flags_reflection
     absl::memory
     absl::strings
     gtest_main
@@ -319,9 +331,9 @@ absl_cc_test(
     absl::core_headers
     absl::flags
     absl::flags_config
-    absl::flags_handle
     absl::flags_internal
-    absl::flags_registry
+    absl::flags_marshalling
+    absl::flags_reflection
     absl::strings
     absl::time
     gtest_main
@@ -349,7 +361,7 @@ absl_cc_test(
   DEPS
     absl::flags
     absl::flags_parse
-    absl::flags_registry
+    absl::flags_reflection
     absl::raw_logging_internal
     absl::scoped_set_env
     absl::span
@@ -384,16 +396,15 @@ absl_cc_test(
 
 absl_cc_test(
   NAME
-    flags_type_erased_test
+    flags_reflection_test
   SRCS
-    "internal/type_erased_test.cc"
+    "reflection_test.cc"
   COPTS
     ${ABSL_TEST_COPTS}
   DEPS
+    absl::flags_commandlineflag_internal
     absl::flags
-    absl::flags_handle
-    absl::flags_marshalling
-    absl::flags_registry
+    absl::flags_reflection
     absl::memory
     absl::strings
     gtest_main
@@ -427,9 +438,8 @@ absl_cc_test(
     absl::flags_path_util
     absl::flags_program_name
     absl::flags_parse
-    absl::flags_registry
+    absl::flags_reflection
     absl::flags_usage
-    absl::memory
     absl::strings
     gtest
 )
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.cc b/absl/flags/commandlineflag.cc
index 84112437d9cf..217b2d870079 100644
--- a/absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/commandlineflag.cc
@@ -13,21 +13,25 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+#include "absl/flags/commandlineflag.h"
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "absl/base/config.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
-namespace flags_internal {
-
-FlagStateInterface::~FlagStateInterface() {}
 
 bool CommandLineFlag::IsRetired() const { return false; }
-
 bool CommandLineFlag::ParseFrom(absl::string_view value, std::string* error) {
   return ParseFrom(value, flags_internal::SET_FLAGS_VALUE,
-                   flags_internal::kProgrammaticChange, error);
+                   flags_internal::kProgrammaticChange, *error);
 }
 
+namespace flags_internal {
+FlagStateInterface::~FlagStateInterface() {}
 }  // namespace flags_internal
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
 }  // namespace absl
diff --git a/absl/flags/commandlineflag.h b/absl/flags/commandlineflag.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7e21d05d8a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/absl/flags/commandlineflag.h
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2020 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// File: commandlineflag.h
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// This header file defines the `CommandLineFlag`, which acts as a type-erased
+// handle for accessing metadata about the Abseil Flag in question.
+//
+// Because an actual Abseil flag is of an unspecified type, you should not
+// manipulate or interact directly with objects of that type. Instead, use the
+// CommandLineFlag type as an intermediary.
+#ifndef ABSL_FLAGS_COMMANDLINEFLAG_H_
+#define ABSL_FLAGS_COMMANDLINEFLAG_H_
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "absl/base/config.h"
+#include "absl/base/internal/fast_type_id.h"
+#include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+#include "absl/types/optional.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace flags_internal {
+class PrivateHandleAccessor;
+}  // namespace flags_internal
+
+// CommandLineFlag
+//
+// This type acts as a type-erased handle for an instance of an Abseil Flag and
+// holds reflection information pertaining to that flag. Use CommandLineFlag to
+// access a flag's name, location, help string etc.
+//
+// To obtain an absl::CommandLineFlag, invoke `absl::FindCommandLineFlag()`
+// passing it the flag name string.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   // Obtain reflection handle for a flag named "flagname".
+//   const absl::CommandLineFlag* my_flag_data =
+//        absl::FindCommandLineFlag("flagname");
+//
+//   // Now you can get flag info from that reflection handle.
+//   std::string flag_location = my_flag_data->Filename();
+//   ...
+class CommandLineFlag {
+ public:
+  constexpr CommandLineFlag() = default;
+
+  // Not copyable/assignable.
+  CommandLineFlag(const CommandLineFlag&) = delete;
+  CommandLineFlag& operator=(const CommandLineFlag&) = delete;
+
+  // absl::CommandLineFlag::IsOfType()
+  //
+  // Return true iff flag has type T.
+  template <typename T>
+  inline bool IsOfType() const {
+    return TypeId() == base_internal::FastTypeId<T>();
+  }
+
+  // absl::CommandLineFlag::TryGet()
+  //
+  // Attempts to retrieve the flag value. Returns value on success,
+  // absl::nullopt otherwise.
+  template <typename T>
+  absl::optional<T> TryGet() const {
+    if (IsRetired() || !IsOfType<T>()) {
+      return absl::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    // Implementation notes:
+    //
+    // We are wrapping a union around the value of `T` to serve three purposes:
+    //
+    //  1. `U.value` has correct size and alignment for a value of type `T`
+    //  2. The `U.value` constructor is not invoked since U's constructor does
+    //     not do it explicitly.
+    //  3. The `U.value` destructor is invoked since U's destructor does it
+    //     explicitly. This makes `U` a kind of RAII wrapper around non default
+    //     constructible value of T, which is destructed when we leave the
+    //     scope. We do need to destroy U.value, which is constructed by
+    //     CommandLineFlag::Read even though we left it in a moved-from state
+    //     after std::move.
+    //
+    // All of this serves to avoid requiring `T` being default constructible.
+    union U {
+      T value;
+      U() {}
+      ~U() { value.~T(); }
+    };
+    U u;
+
+    Read(&u.value);
+    return std::move(u.value);
+  }
+
+  // absl::CommandLineFlag::Name()
+  //
+  // Returns name of this flag.
+  virtual absl::string_view Name() const = 0;
+
+  // absl::CommandLineFlag::Filename()
+  //
+  // Returns name of the file where this flag is defined.
+  virtual std::string Filename() const = 0;
+
+  // absl::CommandLineFlag::Help()
+  //
+  // Returns help message associated with this flag.
+  virtual std::string Help() const = 0;
+
+  // absl::CommandLineFlag::IsRetired()
+  //
+  // Returns true iff this object corresponds to retired flag.
+  virtual bool IsRetired() const;
+
+  // absl::CommandLineFlag::DefaultValue()
+  //
+  // Returns the default value for this flag.
+  virtual std::string DefaultValue() const = 0;
+
+  // absl::CommandLineFlag::CurrentValue()
+  //
+  // Returns the current value for this flag.
+  virtual std::string CurrentValue() const = 0;
+
+  // absl::CommandLineFlag::ParseFrom()
+  //
+  // Sets the value of the flag based on specified string `value`. If the flag
+  // was successfully set to new value, it returns true. Otherwise, sets `error`
+  // to indicate the error, leaves the flag unchanged, and returns false.
+  bool ParseFrom(absl::string_view value, std::string* error);
+
+ protected:
+  ~CommandLineFlag() = default;
+
+ private:
+  friend class flags_internal::PrivateHandleAccessor;
+
+  // Sets the value of the flag based on specified string `value`. If the flag
+  // was successfully set to new value, it returns true. Otherwise, sets `error`
+  // to indicate the error, leaves the flag unchanged, and returns false. There
+  // are three ways to set the flag's value:
+  //  * Update the current flag value
+  //  * Update the flag's default value
+  //  * Update the current flag value if it was never set before
+  // The mode is selected based on `set_mode` parameter.
+  virtual bool ParseFrom(absl::string_view value,
+                         flags_internal::FlagSettingMode set_mode,
+                         flags_internal::ValueSource source,
+                         std::string& error) = 0;
+
+  // Returns id of the flag's value type.
+  virtual flags_internal::FlagFastTypeId TypeId() const = 0;
+
+  // Interface to save flag to some persistent state. Returns current flag state
+  // or nullptr if flag does not support saving and restoring a state.
+  virtual std::unique_ptr<flags_internal::FlagStateInterface> SaveState() = 0;
+
+  // Copy-construct a new value of the flag's type in a memory referenced by
+  // the dst based on the current flag's value.
+  virtual void Read(void* dst) const = 0;
+
+  // To be deleted. Used to return true if flag's current value originated from
+  // command line.
+  virtual bool IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine() const = 0;
+
+  // Validates supplied value usign validator or parseflag routine
+  virtual bool ValidateInputValue(absl::string_view value) const = 0;
+
+  // Checks that flags default value can be converted to string and back to the
+  // flag's value type.
+  virtual void CheckDefaultValueParsingRoundtrip() const = 0;
+};
+
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_FLAGS_COMMANDLINEFLAG_H_
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag_test.cc b/absl/flags/commandlineflag_test.cc
index 0b5aea379219..585db4ba78a0 100644
--- a/absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag_test.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/commandlineflag_test.cc
@@ -13,15 +13,16 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
+#include "absl/flags/commandlineflag.h"
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "absl/flags/flag.h"
+#include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/registry.h"
+#include "absl/flags/reflection.h"
 #include "absl/flags/usage_config.h"
 #include "absl/memory/memory.h"
 #include "absl/strings/match.h"
@@ -33,6 +34,10 @@ ABSL_FLAG(std::string, string_flag, "dflt",
           absl::StrCat("string_flag", " help"));
 ABSL_RETIRED_FLAG(bool, bool_retired_flag, false, "bool_retired_flag help");
 
+// These are only used to test default values.
+ABSL_FLAG(int, int_flag2, 201, "");
+ABSL_FLAG(std::string, string_flag2, "dflt", "");
+
 namespace {
 
 namespace flags = absl::flags_internal;
@@ -46,7 +51,7 @@ class CommandLineFlagTest : public testing::Test {
     absl::SetFlagsUsageConfig(default_config);
   }
 
-  void SetUp() override { flag_saver_ = absl::make_unique<flags::FlagSaver>(); }
+  void SetUp() override { flag_saver_ = absl::make_unique<absl::FlagSaver>(); }
   void TearDown() override { flag_saver_.reset(); }
 
  private:
@@ -59,56 +64,49 @@ class CommandLineFlagTest : public testing::Test {
     return std::string(fname);
   }
 
-  std::unique_ptr<flags::FlagSaver> flag_saver_;
+  std::unique_ptr<absl::FlagSaver> flag_saver_;
 };
 
 TEST_F(CommandLineFlagTest, TestAttributesAccessMethods) {
-  auto* flag_01 = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("int_flag");
+  auto* flag_01 = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("int_flag");
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(flag_01);
   EXPECT_EQ(flag_01->Name(), "int_flag");
   EXPECT_EQ(flag_01->Help(), "int_flag help");
   EXPECT_TRUE(!flag_01->IsRetired());
   EXPECT_TRUE(flag_01->IsOfType<int>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(
-      absl::EndsWith(flag_01->Filename(),
-                     "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag_test.cc"))
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!flag_01->IsOfType<bool>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!flag_01->IsOfType<std::string>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(flag_01->Filename(),
+                             "absl/flags/commandlineflag_test.cc"))
       << flag_01->Filename();
 
-  auto* flag_02 = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("string_flag");
+  auto* flag_02 = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("string_flag");
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(flag_02);
   EXPECT_EQ(flag_02->Name(), "string_flag");
   EXPECT_EQ(flag_02->Help(), "string_flag help");
   EXPECT_TRUE(!flag_02->IsRetired());
   EXPECT_TRUE(flag_02->IsOfType<std::string>());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(
-      absl::EndsWith(flag_02->Filename(),
-                     "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag_test.cc"))
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!flag_02->IsOfType<bool>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!flag_02->IsOfType<int>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(flag_02->Filename(),
+                             "absl/flags/commandlineflag_test.cc"))
       << flag_02->Filename();
-
-  auto* flag_03 = flags::FindRetiredFlag("bool_retired_flag");
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(flag_03);
-  EXPECT_EQ(flag_03->Name(), "bool_retired_flag");
-  EXPECT_EQ(flag_03->Help(), "");
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flag_03->IsRetired());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flag_03->IsOfType<bool>());
-  EXPECT_EQ(flag_03->Filename(), "RETIRED");
 }
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 TEST_F(CommandLineFlagTest, TestValueAccessMethods) {
-  absl::SetFlag(&FLAGS_int_flag, 301);
-  auto* flag_01 = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("int_flag");
+  absl::SetFlag(&FLAGS_int_flag2, 301);
+  auto* flag_01 = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("int_flag2");
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(flag_01);
   EXPECT_EQ(flag_01->CurrentValue(), "301");
   EXPECT_EQ(flag_01->DefaultValue(), "201");
 
-  absl::SetFlag(&FLAGS_string_flag, "new_str_value");
-  auto* flag_02 = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("string_flag");
+  absl::SetFlag(&FLAGS_string_flag2, "new_str_value");
+  auto* flag_02 = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("string_flag2");
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(flag_02);
   EXPECT_EQ(flag_02->CurrentValue(), "new_str_value");
@@ -120,62 +118,62 @@ TEST_F(CommandLineFlagTest, TestValueAccessMethods) {
 TEST_F(CommandLineFlagTest, TestParseFromCurrentValue) {
   std::string err;
 
-  auto* flag_01 = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("int_flag");
+  auto* flag_01 = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("int_flag");
   EXPECT_FALSE(
       flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine(*flag_01));
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-      flag_01, "11", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange, &err));
+      *flag_01, "11", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange, err));
   EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_int_flag), 11);
   EXPECT_FALSE(
       flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine(*flag_01));
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-      flag_01, "-123", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
-      &err));
+      *flag_01, "-123", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
+      err));
   EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_int_flag), -123);
   EXPECT_FALSE(
       flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine(*flag_01));
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(!flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-      flag_01, "xyz", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
-      &err));
+      *flag_01, "xyz", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
+      err));
   EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_int_flag), -123);
   EXPECT_EQ(err, "Illegal value 'xyz' specified for flag 'int_flag'");
   EXPECT_FALSE(
       flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine(*flag_01));
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(!flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-      flag_01, "A1", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange, &err));
+      *flag_01, "A1", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange, err));
   EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_int_flag), -123);
   EXPECT_EQ(err, "Illegal value 'A1' specified for flag 'int_flag'");
   EXPECT_FALSE(
       flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine(*flag_01));
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-      flag_01, "0x10", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
-      &err));
+      *flag_01, "0x10", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
+      err));
   EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_int_flag), 16);
   EXPECT_FALSE(
       flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine(*flag_01));
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-      flag_01, "011", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kCommandLine, &err));
+      *flag_01, "011", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kCommandLine, err));
   EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_int_flag), 11);
   EXPECT_TRUE(flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine(*flag_01));
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(!flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-      flag_01, "", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange, &err));
+      *flag_01, "", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange, err));
   EXPECT_EQ(err, "Illegal value '' specified for flag 'int_flag'");
 
-  auto* flag_02 = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("string_flag");
+  auto* flag_02 = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("string_flag");
   EXPECT_TRUE(flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-      flag_02, "xyz", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
-      &err));
+      *flag_02, "xyz", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
+      err));
   EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_string_flag), "xyz");
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-      flag_02, "", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange, &err));
+      *flag_02, "", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange, err));
   EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_string_flag), "");
 }
 
@@ -184,18 +182,18 @@ TEST_F(CommandLineFlagTest, TestParseFromCurrentValue) {
 TEST_F(CommandLineFlagTest, TestParseFromDefaultValue) {
   std::string err;
 
-  auto* flag_01 = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("int_flag");
+  auto* flag_01 = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("int_flag");
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-      flag_01, "111", flags::SET_FLAGS_DEFAULT, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
-      &err));
+      *flag_01, "111", flags::SET_FLAGS_DEFAULT, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
+      err));
   EXPECT_EQ(flag_01->DefaultValue(), "111");
 
-  auto* flag_02 = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("string_flag");
+  auto* flag_02 = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("string_flag");
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-      flag_02, "abc", flags::SET_FLAGS_DEFAULT, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
-      &err));
+      *flag_02, "abc", flags::SET_FLAGS_DEFAULT, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
+      err));
   EXPECT_EQ(flag_02->DefaultValue(), "abc");
 }
 
@@ -204,28 +202,28 @@ TEST_F(CommandLineFlagTest, TestParseFromDefaultValue) {
 TEST_F(CommandLineFlagTest, TestParseFromIfDefault) {
   std::string err;
 
-  auto* flag_01 = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("int_flag");
+  auto* flag_01 = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("int_flag");
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-      flag_01, "22", flags::SET_FLAG_IF_DEFAULT, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
-      &err))
+      *flag_01, "22", flags::SET_FLAG_IF_DEFAULT, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
+      err))
       << err;
   EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_int_flag), 22);
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-      flag_01, "33", flags::SET_FLAG_IF_DEFAULT, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
-      &err));
+      *flag_01, "33", flags::SET_FLAG_IF_DEFAULT, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
+      err));
   EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_int_flag), 22);
   // EXPECT_EQ(err, "ERROR: int_flag is already set to 22");
 
   // Reset back to default value
   EXPECT_TRUE(flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-      flag_01, "201", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
-      &err));
+      *flag_01, "201", flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
+      err));
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(flags::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-      flag_01, "33", flags::SET_FLAG_IF_DEFAULT, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
-      &err));
+      *flag_01, "33", flags::SET_FLAG_IF_DEFAULT, flags::kProgrammaticChange,
+      err));
   EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_int_flag), 201);
   // EXPECT_EQ(err, "ERROR: int_flag is already set to 201");
 }
diff --git a/absl/flags/declare.h b/absl/flags/declare.h
index 0f8cc6a59972..b9794d8b85ac 100644
--- a/absl/flags/declare.h
+++ b/absl/flags/declare.h
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #define ABSL_FLAGS_DECLARE_H_
 
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
-#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
diff --git a/absl/flags/flag.cc b/absl/flags/flag.cc
index f7a457bf0ce2..531df1287a17 100644
--- a/absl/flags/flag.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/flag.cc
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 #include "absl/flags/flag.h"
 
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/flag.h"
 
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
diff --git a/absl/flags/flag.h b/absl/flags/flag.h
index ca7d581fce71..90dc2894df54 100644
--- a/absl/flags/flag.h
+++ b/absl/flags/flag.h
@@ -33,14 +33,11 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 
 #include "absl/base/attributes.h"
-#include "absl/base/casts.h"
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
+#include "absl/base/optimization.h"
 #include "absl/flags/config.h"
-#include "absl/flags/declare.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/flag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/registry.h"
-#include "absl/flags/marshalling.h"
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 
 namespace absl {
@@ -111,12 +108,12 @@ class Flag {
         impl_(nullptr) {}
 #endif
 
-  flags_internal::Flag<T>* GetImpl() const {
+  flags_internal::Flag<T>& GetImpl() const {
     if (!inited_.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
       absl::MutexLock l(flags_internal::GetGlobalConstructionGuard());
 
       if (inited_.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
-        return impl_;
+        return *impl_;
       }
 
       impl_ = new flags_internal::Flag<T>(
@@ -128,28 +125,30 @@ class Flag {
       inited_.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
     }
 
-    return impl_;
+    return *impl_;
   }
 
   // Public methods of `absl::Flag<T>` are NOT part of the Abseil Flags API.
   // See https://abseil.io/docs/cpp/guides/flags
-  bool IsRetired() const { return GetImpl()->IsRetired(); }
-  absl::string_view Name() const { return GetImpl()->Name(); }
-  std::string Help() const { return GetImpl()->Help(); }
-  bool IsModified() const { return GetImpl()->IsModified(); }
+  bool IsRetired() const { return GetImpl().IsRetired(); }
+  absl::string_view Name() const { return GetImpl().Name(); }
+  std::string Help() const { return GetImpl().Help(); }
+  bool IsModified() const { return GetImpl().IsModified(); }
   bool IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine() const {
-    return GetImpl()->IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine();
+    return GetImpl().IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine();
   }
-  std::string Filename() const { return GetImpl()->Filename(); }
-  std::string DefaultValue() const { return GetImpl()->DefaultValue(); }
-  std::string CurrentValue() const { return GetImpl()->CurrentValue(); }
+  std::string Filename() const { return GetImpl().Filename(); }
+  std::string DefaultValue() const { return GetImpl().DefaultValue(); }
+  std::string CurrentValue() const { return GetImpl().CurrentValue(); }
   template <typename U>
   inline bool IsOfType() const {
-    return GetImpl()->template IsOfType<U>();
+    return GetImpl().template IsOfType<U>();
   }
-  T Get() const { return GetImpl()->Get(); }
-  void Set(const T& v) { GetImpl()->Set(v); }
-  void InvokeCallback() { GetImpl()->InvokeCallback(); }
+  T Get() const { return GetImpl().Get(); }
+  void Set(const T& v) { GetImpl().Set(v); }
+  void InvokeCallback() { GetImpl().InvokeCallback(); }
+
+  const CommandLineFlag& Reflect() const { return GetImpl().Reflect(); }
 
   // The data members are logically private, but they need to be public for
   // this to be an aggregate type.
@@ -205,6 +204,21 @@ void SetFlag(absl::Flag<T>* flag, const V& v) {
   flag->Set(value);
 }
 
+// GetFlagReflectionHandle()
+//
+// Returns the reflection handle corresponding to specified Abseil Flag
+// instance. Use this handle to access flag's reflection information, like name,
+// location, default value etc.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   std::string = absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_count).DefaultValue();
+
+template <typename T>
+const CommandLineFlag& GetFlagReflectionHandle(const absl::Flag<T>& f) {
+  return f.Reflect();
+}
+
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
 }  // namespace absl
 
@@ -265,27 +279,29 @@ ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // ABSL_FLAG_IMPL macro definition conditional on ABSL_FLAGS_STRIP_NAMES
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__clang__)
+#define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAG_PTR(flag) flag
+#define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_HELP_ARG(name)                      \
+  absl::flags_internal::HelpArg<AbslFlagHelpGenFor##name>( \
+      FLAGS_help_storage_##name)
+#define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DEFAULT_ARG(Type, name) \
+  absl::flags_internal::DefaultArg<Type, AbslFlagDefaultGenFor##name>(0)
+#else
+#define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAG_PTR(flag) flag.GetImpl()
+#define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_HELP_ARG(name) &AbslFlagHelpGenFor##name::NonConst
+#define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DEFAULT_ARG(Type, name) &AbslFlagDefaultGenFor##name::Gen
+#endif
 
 #if ABSL_FLAGS_STRIP_NAMES
 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAGNAME(txt) ""
 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FILENAME() ""
-#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__clang__)
 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_REGISTRAR(T, flag) \
-  absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrar<T, false>(&flag)
-#else
-#define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_REGISTRAR(T, flag) \
-  absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrar<T, false>(flag.GetImpl())
-#endif
+  absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrar<T, false>(ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAG_PTR(flag))
 #else
 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAGNAME(txt) txt
 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FILENAME() __FILE__
-#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__clang__)
 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_REGISTRAR(T, flag) \
-  absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrar<T, true>(&flag)
-#else
-#define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_REGISTRAR(T, flag) \
-  absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrar<T, true>(flag.GetImpl())
-#endif
+  absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrar<T, true>(ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAG_PTR(flag))
 #endif
 
 // ABSL_FLAG_IMPL macro definition conditional on ABSL_FLAGS_STRIP_HELP
@@ -301,15 +317,24 @@ ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
 // between the two via the call to HelpArg in absl::Flag instantiation below.
 // If help message expression is constexpr evaluable compiler will optimize
 // away this whole struct.
-#define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DECLARE_HELP_WRAPPER(name, txt)                     \
-  struct AbslFlagHelpGenFor##name {                                        \
-    template <typename T = void>                                           \
-    static constexpr const char* Const() {                                 \
-      return absl::flags_internal::HelpConstexprWrap(                      \
-          ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAGHELP(txt));                                   \
-    }                                                                      \
-    static std::string NonConst() { return ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAGHELP(txt); } \
-  }
+// TODO(rogeeff): place these generated structs into local namespace and apply
+// ABSL_INTERNAL_UNIQUE_SHORT_NAME.
+// TODO(rogeeff): Apply __attribute__((nodebug)) to FLAGS_help_storage_##name
+#define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DECLARE_HELP_WRAPPER(name, txt)                       \
+  struct AbslFlagHelpGenFor##name {                                          \
+    /* The expression is run in the caller as part of the   */               \
+    /* default value argument. That keeps temporaries alive */               \
+    /* long enough for NonConst to work correctly.          */               \
+    static constexpr absl::string_view Value(                                \
+        absl::string_view v = ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAGHELP(txt)) {                \
+      return v;                                                              \
+    }                                                                        \
+    static std::string NonConst() { return std::string(Value()); }           \
+  };                                                                         \
+  constexpr auto FLAGS_help_storage_##name ABSL_INTERNAL_UNIQUE_SMALL_NAME() \
+      ABSL_ATTRIBUTE_SECTION_VARIABLE(flags_help_cold) =                     \
+          absl::flags_internal::HelpStringAsArray<AbslFlagHelpGenFor##name>( \
+              0);
 
 #define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DECLARE_DEF_VAL_WRAPPER(name, Type, default_value)     \
   struct AbslFlagDefaultGenFor##name {                                        \
@@ -317,40 +342,23 @@ ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
     static void Gen(void* p) {                                                \
       new (p) Type(AbslFlagDefaultGenFor##name{}.value);                      \
     }                                                                         \
-  }
+  };
 
 // ABSL_FLAG_IMPL
 //
 // Note: Name of registrar object is not arbitrary. It is used to "grab"
 // global name for FLAGS_no<flag_name> symbol, thus preventing the possibility
 // of defining two flags with names foo and nofoo.
-#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__clang__)
-
-#define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL(Type, name, default_value, help)                        \
-  namespace absl /* block flags in namespaces */ {}                            \
-  ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DECLARE_DEF_VAL_WRAPPER(name, Type, default_value);           \
-  ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DECLARE_HELP_WRAPPER(name, help);                             \
-  ABSL_CONST_INIT absl::Flag<Type> FLAGS_##name{                               \
-      ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAGNAME(#name), ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FILENAME(),               \
-      absl::flags_internal::HelpArg<AbslFlagHelpGenFor##name>(0),              \
-      absl::flags_internal::DefaultArg<Type, AbslFlagDefaultGenFor##name>(0)}; \
-  extern absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrarEmpty FLAGS_no##name;              \
-  absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrarEmpty FLAGS_no##name =                    \
+#define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL(Type, name, default_value, help)                       \
+  namespace absl /* block flags in namespaces */ {}                           \
+  ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DECLARE_DEF_VAL_WRAPPER(name, Type, default_value)           \
+  ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DECLARE_HELP_WRAPPER(name, help)                             \
+  ABSL_CONST_INIT absl::Flag<Type> FLAGS_##name{                              \
+      ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAGNAME(#name), ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FILENAME(),              \
+      ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_HELP_ARG(name), ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DEFAULT_ARG(Type, name)}; \
+  extern absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrarEmpty FLAGS_no##name;             \
+  absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrarEmpty FLAGS_no##name =                   \
       ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_REGISTRAR(Type, FLAGS_##name)
-#else
-// MSVC version uses aggregate initialization. We also do not try to
-// optimize away help wrapper.
-#define ABSL_FLAG_IMPL(Type, name, default_value, help)                        \
-  namespace absl /* block flags in namespaces */ {}                            \
-  ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DECLARE_DEF_VAL_WRAPPER(name, Type, default_value);           \
-  ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_DECLARE_HELP_WRAPPER(name, help);                             \
-  ABSL_CONST_INIT absl::Flag<Type> FLAGS_##name{                               \
-      ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAGNAME(#name), ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FILENAME(),               \
-      &AbslFlagHelpGenFor##name::NonConst, &AbslFlagDefaultGenFor##name::Gen}; \
-  extern absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrarEmpty FLAGS_no##name;              \
-  absl::flags_internal::FlagRegistrarEmpty FLAGS_no##name =                    \
-      ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_REGISTRAR(Type, FLAGS_##name)
-#endif
 
 // ABSL_RETIRED_FLAG
 //
diff --git a/absl/flags/flag_benchmark.cc b/absl/flags/flag_benchmark.cc
index ff95bb5d7bfc..7b52c9bc9f1c 100644
--- a/absl/flags/flag_benchmark.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/flag_benchmark.cc
@@ -13,7 +13,14 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include "absl/flags/flag.h"
+#include "absl/flags/marshalling.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 #include "absl/time/time.h"
 #include "absl/types/optional.h"
 #include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
diff --git a/absl/flags/flag_test.cc b/absl/flags/flag_test.cc
index 416a31e5232a..2eb2ba71d37c 100644
--- a/absl/flags/flag_test.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/flag_test.cc
@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@
 
 #include "absl/flags/flag.h"
 
+#include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 #include <cmath>
+#include <new>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>  // NOLINT
 #include <vector>
@@ -26,9 +28,9 @@
 #include "absl/base/attributes.h"
 #include "absl/flags/config.h"
 #include "absl/flags/declare.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/flag.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/registry.h"
+#include "absl/flags/marshalling.h"
+#include "absl/flags/reflection.h"
 #include "absl/flags/usage_config.h"
 #include "absl/strings/match.h"
 #include "absl/strings/numbers.h"
@@ -45,6 +47,9 @@ namespace {
 namespace flags = absl::flags_internal;
 
 std::string TestHelpMsg() { return "dynamic help"; }
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+std::string TestLiteralHelpMsg() { return "literal help"; }
+#endif
 template <typename T>
 void TestMakeDflt(void* dst) {
   new (dst) T{};
@@ -76,7 +81,7 @@ class FlagTest : public testing::Test {
 #endif
     return std::string(fname);
   }
-  flags::FlagSaver flag_saver_;
+  absl::FlagSaver flag_saver_;
 };
 
 struct S1 {
@@ -128,15 +133,29 @@ constexpr flags::FlagHelpArg help_arg{flags::FlagHelpMsg("literal help"),
 
 using String = std::string;
 
-#define DEFINE_CONSTRUCTED_FLAG(T, dflt, dflt_kind)                      \
-  constexpr flags::FlagDefaultArg f1default##T{                          \
-      flags::FlagDefaultSrc{dflt}, flags::FlagDefaultKind::dflt_kind};   \
-  constexpr flags::Flag<T> f1##T("f1", "file", help_arg, f1default##T);  \
-  ABSL_CONST_INIT flags::Flag<T> f2##T(                                  \
-      "f2", "file",                                                      \
-      {flags::FlagHelpMsg(&TestHelpMsg), flags::FlagHelpKind::kGenFunc}, \
-      flags::FlagDefaultArg{flags::FlagDefaultSrc(&TestMakeDflt<T>),     \
-                            flags::FlagDefaultKind::kGenFunc})
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__clang__)
+#define DEFINE_CONSTRUCTED_FLAG(T, dflt, dflt_kind)                        \
+  constexpr flags::FlagDefaultArg f1default##T{                            \
+      flags::FlagDefaultSrc{dflt}, flags::FlagDefaultKind::dflt_kind};     \
+  constexpr absl::Flag<T> f1##T{"f1", "file", help_arg, f1default##T};     \
+  ABSL_CONST_INIT absl::Flag<T> f2##T {                                    \
+    "f2", "file",                                                          \
+        {flags::FlagHelpMsg(&TestHelpMsg), flags::FlagHelpKind::kGenFunc}, \
+        flags::FlagDefaultArg {                                            \
+      flags::FlagDefaultSrc(&TestMakeDflt<T>),                             \
+          flags::FlagDefaultKind::kGenFunc                                 \
+    }                                                                      \
+  }
+#else
+#define DEFINE_CONSTRUCTED_FLAG(T, dflt, dflt_kind)                    \
+  constexpr flags::FlagDefaultArg f1default##T{                        \
+      flags::FlagDefaultSrc{dflt}, flags::FlagDefaultKind::dflt_kind}; \
+  constexpr absl::Flag<T> f1##T{"f1", "file", &TestLiteralHelpMsg,     \
+                                &TestMakeDflt<T>};                     \
+  ABSL_CONST_INIT absl::Flag<T> f2##T {                                \
+    "f2", "file", &TestHelpMsg, &TestMakeDflt<T>                       \
+  }
+#endif
 
 DEFINE_CONSTRUCTED_FLAG(bool, true, kOneWord);
 DEFINE_CONSTRUCTED_FLAG(int16_t, 1, kOneWord);
@@ -151,21 +170,22 @@ DEFINE_CONSTRUCTED_FLAG(String, &TestMakeDflt<String>, kGenFunc);
 DEFINE_CONSTRUCTED_FLAG(UDT, &TestMakeDflt<UDT>, kGenFunc);
 
 template <typename T>
-bool TestConstructionFor(const flags::Flag<T>& f1, flags::Flag<T>* f2) {
-  EXPECT_EQ(f1.Name(), "f1");
-  EXPECT_EQ(f1.Help(), "literal help");
-  EXPECT_EQ(f1.Filename(), "file");
+bool TestConstructionFor(const absl::Flag<T>& f1, absl::Flag<T>& f2) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(f1).Name(), "f1");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(f1).Help(), "literal help");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(f1).Filename(), "file");
 
-  flags::FlagRegistrar<T, false>(f2).OnUpdate(TestCallback);
+  flags::FlagRegistrar<T, false>(ABSL_FLAG_IMPL_FLAG_PTR(f2))
+      .OnUpdate(TestCallback);
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(f2->Name(), "f2");
-  EXPECT_EQ(f2->Help(), "dynamic help");
-  EXPECT_EQ(f2->Filename(), "file");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(f2).Name(), "f2");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(f2).Help(), "dynamic help");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(f2).Filename(), "file");
 
   return true;
 }
 
-#define TEST_CONSTRUCTED_FLAG(T) TestConstructionFor(f1##T, &f2##T);
+#define TEST_CONSTRUCTED_FLAG(T) TestConstructionFor(f1##T, f2##T);
 
 TEST_F(FlagTest, TestConstruction) {
   TEST_CONSTRUCTED_FLAG(bool);
@@ -204,18 +224,30 @@ namespace {
 
 TEST_F(FlagTest, TestFlagDeclaration) {
   // test that we can access flag objects.
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_01.Name(), "test_flag_01");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_02.Name(), "test_flag_02");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_03.Name(), "test_flag_03");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_04.Name(), "test_flag_04");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_05.Name(), "test_flag_05");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_06.Name(), "test_flag_06");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_07.Name(), "test_flag_07");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_08.Name(), "test_flag_08");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_09.Name(), "test_flag_09");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_10.Name(), "test_flag_10");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_11.Name(), "test_flag_11");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_12.Name(), "test_flag_12");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_01).Name(),
+            "test_flag_01");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_02).Name(),
+            "test_flag_02");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_03).Name(),
+            "test_flag_03");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_04).Name(),
+            "test_flag_04");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_05).Name(),
+            "test_flag_05");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_06).Name(),
+            "test_flag_06");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_07).Name(),
+            "test_flag_07");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_08).Name(),
+            "test_flag_08");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_09).Name(),
+            "test_flag_09");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_10).Name(),
+            "test_flag_10");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_11).Name(),
+            "test_flag_11");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_12).Name(),
+            "test_flag_12");
 }
 #endif  // !ABSL_FLAGS_STRIP_NAMES
 
@@ -242,96 +274,168 @@ namespace {
 TEST_F(FlagTest, TestFlagDefinition) {
   absl::string_view expected_file_name = "absl/flags/flag_test.cc";
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_01.Name(), "test_flag_01");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_01.Help(), "test flag 01");
-  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(FLAGS_test_flag_01.Filename(), expected_file_name))
-      << FLAGS_test_flag_01.Filename();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_02.Name(), "test_flag_02");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_02.Help(), "test flag 02");
-  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(FLAGS_test_flag_02.Filename(), expected_file_name))
-      << FLAGS_test_flag_02.Filename();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_03.Name(), "test_flag_03");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_03.Help(), "test flag 03");
-  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(FLAGS_test_flag_03.Filename(), expected_file_name))
-      << FLAGS_test_flag_03.Filename();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_04.Name(), "test_flag_04");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_04.Help(), "test flag 04");
-  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(FLAGS_test_flag_04.Filename(), expected_file_name))
-      << FLAGS_test_flag_04.Filename();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_05.Name(), "test_flag_05");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_05.Help(), "test flag 05");
-  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(FLAGS_test_flag_05.Filename(), expected_file_name))
-      << FLAGS_test_flag_05.Filename();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_06.Name(), "test_flag_06");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_06.Help(), "test flag 06");
-  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(FLAGS_test_flag_06.Filename(), expected_file_name))
-      << FLAGS_test_flag_06.Filename();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_07.Name(), "test_flag_07");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_07.Help(), "test flag 07");
-  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(FLAGS_test_flag_07.Filename(), expected_file_name))
-      << FLAGS_test_flag_07.Filename();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_08.Name(), "test_flag_08");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_08.Help(), "test flag 08");
-  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(FLAGS_test_flag_08.Filename(), expected_file_name))
-      << FLAGS_test_flag_08.Filename();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_09.Name(), "test_flag_09");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_09.Help(), "test flag 09");
-  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(FLAGS_test_flag_09.Filename(), expected_file_name))
-      << FLAGS_test_flag_09.Filename();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_10.Name(), "test_flag_10");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_10.Help(), "test flag 10");
-  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(FLAGS_test_flag_10.Filename(), expected_file_name))
-      << FLAGS_test_flag_10.Filename();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_11.Name(), "test_flag_11");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_11.Help(), "test flag 11");
-  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(FLAGS_test_flag_11.Filename(), expected_file_name))
-      << FLAGS_test_flag_11.Filename();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_12.Name(), "test_flag_12");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_12.Help(), "test flag 12");
-  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(FLAGS_test_flag_12.Filename(), expected_file_name))
-      << FLAGS_test_flag_12.Filename();
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_01).Name(),
+            "test_flag_01");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_01).Help(),
+            "test flag 01");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(
+      absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_01).Filename(),
+      expected_file_name))
+      << absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_01).Filename();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_02).Name(),
+            "test_flag_02");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_02).Help(),
+            "test flag 02");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(
+      absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_02).Filename(),
+      expected_file_name))
+      << absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_02).Filename();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_03).Name(),
+            "test_flag_03");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_03).Help(),
+            "test flag 03");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(
+      absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_03).Filename(),
+      expected_file_name))
+      << absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_03).Filename();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_04).Name(),
+            "test_flag_04");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_04).Help(),
+            "test flag 04");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(
+      absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_04).Filename(),
+      expected_file_name))
+      << absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_04).Filename();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_05).Name(),
+            "test_flag_05");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_05).Help(),
+            "test flag 05");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(
+      absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_05).Filename(),
+      expected_file_name))
+      << absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_05).Filename();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_06).Name(),
+            "test_flag_06");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_06).Help(),
+            "test flag 06");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(
+      absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_06).Filename(),
+      expected_file_name))
+      << absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_06).Filename();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_07).Name(),
+            "test_flag_07");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_07).Help(),
+            "test flag 07");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(
+      absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_07).Filename(),
+      expected_file_name))
+      << absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_07).Filename();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_08).Name(),
+            "test_flag_08");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_08).Help(),
+            "test flag 08");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(
+      absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_08).Filename(),
+      expected_file_name))
+      << absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_08).Filename();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_09).Name(),
+            "test_flag_09");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_09).Help(),
+            "test flag 09");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(
+      absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_09).Filename(),
+      expected_file_name))
+      << absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_09).Filename();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_10).Name(),
+            "test_flag_10");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_10).Help(),
+            "test flag 10");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(
+      absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_10).Filename(),
+      expected_file_name))
+      << absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_10).Filename();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_11).Name(),
+            "test_flag_11");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_11).Help(),
+            "test flag 11");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(
+      absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_11).Filename(),
+      expected_file_name))
+      << absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_11).Filename();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_12).Name(),
+            "test_flag_12");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_12).Help(),
+            "test flag 12");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(
+      absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_12).Filename(),
+      expected_file_name))
+      << absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_12).Filename();
 }
 #endif  // !ABSL_FLAGS_STRIP_NAMES
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 TEST_F(FlagTest, TestDefault) {
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_01.DefaultValue(), "true");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_02.DefaultValue(), "1234");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_03.DefaultValue(), "-34");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_04.DefaultValue(), "189");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_05.DefaultValue(), "10765");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_06.DefaultValue(), "40000");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_07.DefaultValue(), "-1234567");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_08.DefaultValue(), "9876543");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_09.DefaultValue(), "-9.876e-50");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_10.DefaultValue(), "1.234e+12");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_11.DefaultValue(), "");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_12.DefaultValue(), "10m");
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_01.CurrentValue(), "true");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_02.CurrentValue(), "1234");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_03.CurrentValue(), "-34");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_04.CurrentValue(), "189");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_05.CurrentValue(), "10765");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_06.CurrentValue(), "40000");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_07.CurrentValue(), "-1234567");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_08.CurrentValue(), "9876543");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_09.CurrentValue(), "-9.876e-50");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_10.CurrentValue(), "1.234e+12");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_11.CurrentValue(), "");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_12.CurrentValue(), "10m");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_01).DefaultValue(),
+            "true");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_02).DefaultValue(),
+            "1234");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_03).DefaultValue(),
+            "-34");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_04).DefaultValue(),
+            "189");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_05).DefaultValue(),
+            "10765");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_06).DefaultValue(),
+            "40000");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_07).DefaultValue(),
+            "-1234567");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_08).DefaultValue(),
+            "9876543");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_09).DefaultValue(),
+            "-9.876e-50");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_10).DefaultValue(),
+            "1.234e+12");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_11).DefaultValue(),
+            "");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_12).DefaultValue(),
+            "10m");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_01).CurrentValue(),
+            "true");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_02).CurrentValue(),
+            "1234");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_03).CurrentValue(),
+            "-34");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_04).CurrentValue(),
+            "189");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_05).CurrentValue(),
+            "10765");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_06).CurrentValue(),
+            "40000");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_07).CurrentValue(),
+            "-1234567");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_08).CurrentValue(),
+            "9876543");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_09).CurrentValue(),
+            "-9.876e-50");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_10).CurrentValue(),
+            "1.234e+12");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_11).CurrentValue(),
+            "");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_12).CurrentValue(),
+            "10m");
 
   EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_test_flag_01), true);
   EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_test_flag_02), 1234);
@@ -386,12 +490,18 @@ ABSL_FLAG(NonTriviallyCopyableAggregate, test_flag_eb_06, {}, "");
 namespace {
 
 TEST_F(FlagTest, TestEmptyBracesDefault) {
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_eb_01.DefaultValue(), "false");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_eb_02.DefaultValue(), "0");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_eb_03.DefaultValue(), "0");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_eb_04.DefaultValue(), "0");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_eb_05.DefaultValue(), "");
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_eb_06.DefaultValue(), "0");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_eb_01).DefaultValue(),
+            "false");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_eb_02).DefaultValue(),
+            "0");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_eb_03).DefaultValue(),
+            "0");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_eb_04).DefaultValue(),
+            "0");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_eb_05).DefaultValue(),
+            "");
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_eb_06).DefaultValue(),
+            "0");
 
   EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_test_flag_eb_01), false);
   EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_test_flag_eb_02), 0);
@@ -445,29 +555,29 @@ TEST_F(FlagTest, TestGetSet) {
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 TEST_F(FlagTest, TestGetViaReflection) {
-  auto* handle = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_01");
+  auto* handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_01");
   EXPECT_EQ(*handle->TryGet<bool>(), true);
-  handle = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_02");
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_02");
   EXPECT_EQ(*handle->TryGet<int>(), 1234);
-  handle = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_03");
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_03");
   EXPECT_EQ(*handle->TryGet<int16_t>(), -34);
-  handle = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_04");
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_04");
   EXPECT_EQ(*handle->TryGet<uint16_t>(), 189);
-  handle = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_05");
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_05");
   EXPECT_EQ(*handle->TryGet<int32_t>(), 10765);
-  handle = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_06");
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_06");
   EXPECT_EQ(*handle->TryGet<uint32_t>(), 40000);
-  handle = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_07");
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_07");
   EXPECT_EQ(*handle->TryGet<int64_t>(), -1234567);
-  handle = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_08");
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_08");
   EXPECT_EQ(*handle->TryGet<uint64_t>(), 9876543);
-  handle = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_09");
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_09");
   EXPECT_NEAR(*handle->TryGet<double>(), -9.876e-50, 1e-55);
-  handle = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_10");
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_10");
   EXPECT_NEAR(*handle->TryGet<float>(), 1.234e12f, 1e5f);
-  handle = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_11");
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_11");
   EXPECT_EQ(*handle->TryGet<std::string>(), "");
-  handle = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_12");
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("test_flag_12");
   EXPECT_EQ(*handle->TryGet<absl::Duration>(), absl::Minutes(10));
 }
 
@@ -501,8 +611,9 @@ namespace {
 
 #if !ABSL_FLAGS_STRIP_HELP
 TEST_F(FlagTest, TestNonConstexprHelp) {
-  EXPECT_EQ(FLAGS_test_flag_with_non_const_help.Help(),
-            "test flag non const help");
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(FLAGS_test_flag_with_non_const_help).Help(),
+      "test flag non const help");
 }
 #endif  //! ABSL_FLAGS_STRIP_HELP
 
@@ -704,14 +815,15 @@ ABSL_RETIRED_FLAG(std::string, old_str_flag, "", absl::StrCat("old ", "descr"));
 namespace {
 
 TEST_F(FlagTest, TestRetiredFlagRegistration) {
-  bool is_bool = false;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::IsRetiredFlag("old_bool_flag", &is_bool));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(is_bool);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::IsRetiredFlag("old_int_flag", &is_bool));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(is_bool);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::IsRetiredFlag("old_str_flag", &is_bool));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(is_bool);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(flags::IsRetiredFlag("some_other_flag", &is_bool));
+  auto* handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("old_bool_flag");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(handle->IsOfType<bool>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(handle->IsRetired());
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("old_int_flag");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(handle->IsOfType<int>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(handle->IsRetired());
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("old_str_flag");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(handle->IsOfType<std::string>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(handle->IsRetired());
 }
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h b/absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h
index fa050209b0d7..cb46fe2e979d 100644
--- a/absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h
+++ b/absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h
@@ -16,14 +16,8 @@
 #ifndef ABSL_FLAGS_INTERNAL_COMMANDLINEFLAG_H_
 #define ABSL_FLAGS_INTERNAL_COMMANDLINEFLAG_H_
 
-#include <memory>
-#include <string>
-
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
 #include "absl/base/internal/fast_type_id.h"
-#include "absl/base/macros.h"
-#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
-#include "absl/types/optional.h"
 
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
@@ -34,7 +28,7 @@ namespace flags_internal {
 // cases this id is enough to uniquely identify the flag's value type. In a few
 // cases we'll have to resort to using actual RTTI implementation if it is
 // available.
-using FlagFastTypeId = base_internal::FastTypeIdType;
+using FlagFastTypeId = absl::base_internal::FastTypeIdType;
 
 // Options that control SetCommandLineOptionWithMode.
 enum FlagSettingMode {
@@ -67,117 +61,6 @@ class FlagStateInterface {
   virtual void Restore() const = 0;
 };
 
-// Holds all information for a flag.
-class CommandLineFlag {
- public:
-  constexpr CommandLineFlag() = default;
-
-  // Not copyable/assignable.
-  CommandLineFlag(const CommandLineFlag&) = delete;
-  CommandLineFlag& operator=(const CommandLineFlag&) = delete;
-
-  // Non-polymorphic access methods.
-
-  // Return true iff flag has type T.
-  template <typename T>
-  inline bool IsOfType() const {
-    return TypeId() == base_internal::FastTypeId<T>();
-  }
-
-  // Attempts to retrieve the flag value. Returns value on success,
-  // absl::nullopt otherwise.
-  template <typename T>
-  absl::optional<T> TryGet() const {
-    if (IsRetired() || !IsOfType<T>()) {
-      return absl::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    // Implementation notes:
-    //
-    // We are wrapping a union around the value of `T` to serve three purposes:
-    //
-    //  1. `U.value` has correct size and alignment for a value of type `T`
-    //  2. The `U.value` constructor is not invoked since U's constructor does
-    //     not do it explicitly.
-    //  3. The `U.value` destructor is invoked since U's destructor does it
-    //     explicitly. This makes `U` a kind of RAII wrapper around non default
-    //     constructible value of T, which is destructed when we leave the
-    //     scope. We do need to destroy U.value, which is constructed by
-    //     CommandLineFlag::Read even though we left it in a moved-from state
-    //     after std::move.
-    //
-    // All of this serves to avoid requiring `T` being default constructible.
-    union U {
-      T value;
-      U() {}
-      ~U() { value.~T(); }
-    };
-    U u;
-
-    Read(&u.value);
-    return std::move(u.value);
-  }
-
-  // Polymorphic access methods
-
-  // Returns name of this flag.
-  virtual absl::string_view Name() const = 0;
-  // Returns name of the file where this flag is defined.
-  virtual std::string Filename() const = 0;
-  // Returns help message associated with this flag.
-  virtual std::string Help() const = 0;
-  // Returns true iff this object corresponds to retired flag.
-  virtual bool IsRetired() const;
-  virtual std::string DefaultValue() const = 0;
-  virtual std::string CurrentValue() const = 0;
-
-  // Sets the value of the flag based on specified string `value`. If the flag
-  // was successfully set to new value, it returns true. Otherwise, sets `error`
-  // to indicate the error, leaves the flag unchanged, and returns false.
-  bool ParseFrom(absl::string_view value, std::string* error);
-
- protected:
-  ~CommandLineFlag() = default;
-
- private:
-  friend class PrivateHandleAccessor;
-
-  // Sets the value of the flag based on specified string `value`. If the flag
-  // was successfully set to new value, it returns true. Otherwise, sets `error`
-  // to indicate the error, leaves the flag unchanged, and returns false. There
-  // are three ways to set the flag's value:
-  //  * Update the current flag value
-  //  * Update the flag's default value
-  //  * Update the current flag value if it was never set before
-  // The mode is selected based on `set_mode` parameter.
-  virtual bool ParseFrom(absl::string_view value,
-                         flags_internal::FlagSettingMode set_mode,
-                         flags_internal::ValueSource source,
-                         std::string* error) = 0;
-
-  // Returns id of the flag's value type.
-  virtual FlagFastTypeId TypeId() const = 0;
-
-  // Interface to save flag to some persistent state. Returns current flag state
-  // or nullptr if flag does not support saving and restoring a state.
-  virtual std::unique_ptr<FlagStateInterface> SaveState() = 0;
-
-  // Copy-construct a new value of the flag's type in a memory referenced by
-  // the dst based on the current flag's value.
-  virtual void Read(void* dst) const = 0;
-
-  // To be deleted. Used to return true if flag's current value originated from
-  // command line.
-  virtual bool IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine() const = 0;
-
-  // Validates supplied value usign validator or parseflag routine
-  virtual bool ValidateInputValue(absl::string_view value) const = 0;
-
-  // Checks that flags default value can be converted to string and back to the
-  // flag's value type.
-  virtual void CheckDefaultValueParsingRoundtrip() const = 0;
-};
-
 }  // namespace flags_internal
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
 }  // namespace absl
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/flag.cc b/absl/flags/internal/flag.cc
index 96c026dcb5d2..1502e7f11d36 100644
--- a/absl/flags/internal/flag.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/internal/flag.cc
@@ -15,22 +15,26 @@
 
 #include "absl/flags/internal/flag.h"
 
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include <array>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <memory>
+#include <new>
 #include <string>
-#include <vector>
+#include <typeinfo>
 
-#include "absl/base/attributes.h"
+#include "absl/base/call_once.h"
 #include "absl/base/casts.h"
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
-#include "absl/base/const_init.h"
 #include "absl/base/optimization.h"
+#include "absl/flags/config.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/usage_config.h"
+#include "absl/memory/memory.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 #include "absl/synchronization/mutex.h"
@@ -63,14 +67,14 @@ bool ShouldValidateFlagValue(FlagFastTypeId flag_type_id) {
 // need to acquire these locks themselves.
 class MutexRelock {
  public:
-  explicit MutexRelock(absl::Mutex* mu) : mu_(mu) { mu_->Unlock(); }
-  ~MutexRelock() { mu_->Lock(); }
+  explicit MutexRelock(absl::Mutex& mu) : mu_(mu) { mu_.Unlock(); }
+  ~MutexRelock() { mu_.Lock(); }
 
   MutexRelock(const MutexRelock&) = delete;
   MutexRelock& operator=(const MutexRelock&) = delete;
 
  private:
-  absl::Mutex* mu_;
+  absl::Mutex& mu_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -83,7 +87,7 @@ class FlagImpl;
 class FlagState : public flags_internal::FlagStateInterface {
  public:
   template <typename V>
-  FlagState(FlagImpl* flag_impl, const V& v, bool modified,
+  FlagState(FlagImpl& flag_impl, const V& v, bool modified,
             bool on_command_line, int64_t counter)
       : flag_impl_(flag_impl),
         value_(v),
@@ -92,9 +96,9 @@ class FlagState : public flags_internal::FlagStateInterface {
         counter_(counter) {}
 
   ~FlagState() override {
-    if (flag_impl_->ValueStorageKind() != FlagValueStorageKind::kAlignedBuffer)
+    if (flag_impl_.ValueStorageKind() != FlagValueStorageKind::kAlignedBuffer)
       return;
-    flags_internal::Delete(flag_impl_->op_, value_.heap_allocated);
+    flags_internal::Delete(flag_impl_.op_, value_.heap_allocated);
   }
 
  private:
@@ -102,15 +106,15 @@ class FlagState : public flags_internal::FlagStateInterface {
 
   // Restores the flag to the saved state.
   void Restore() const override {
-    if (!flag_impl_->RestoreState(*this)) return;
+    if (!flag_impl_.RestoreState(*this)) return;
 
-    ABSL_INTERNAL_LOG(
-        INFO, absl::StrCat("Restore saved value of ", flag_impl_->Name(),
-                           " to: ", flag_impl_->CurrentValue()));
+    ABSL_INTERNAL_LOG(INFO,
+                      absl::StrCat("Restore saved value of ", flag_impl_.Name(),
+                                   " to: ", flag_impl_.CurrentValue()));
   }
 
   // Flag and saved flag data.
-  FlagImpl* flag_impl_;
+  FlagImpl& flag_impl_;
   union SavedValue {
     explicit SavedValue(void* v) : heap_allocated(v) {}
     explicit SavedValue(int64_t v) : one_word(v) {}
@@ -327,7 +331,7 @@ void FlagImpl::InvokeCallback() const {
   // and it also can be different by the time the callback invocation is
   // completed. Requires that *primary_lock be held in exclusive mode; it may be
   // released and reacquired by the implementation.
-  MutexRelock relock(DataGuard());
+  MutexRelock relock(*DataGuard());
   absl::MutexLock lock(&callback_->guard);
   cb();
 }
@@ -340,17 +344,17 @@ std::unique_ptr<FlagStateInterface> FlagImpl::SaveState() {
   switch (ValueStorageKind()) {
     case FlagValueStorageKind::kAlignedBuffer: {
       return absl::make_unique<FlagState>(
-          this, flags_internal::Clone(op_, AlignedBufferValue()), modified,
+          *this, flags_internal::Clone(op_, AlignedBufferValue()), modified,
           on_command_line, counter_);
     }
     case FlagValueStorageKind::kOneWordAtomic: {
       return absl::make_unique<FlagState>(
-          this, OneWordValue().load(std::memory_order_acquire), modified,
+          *this, OneWordValue().load(std::memory_order_acquire), modified,
           on_command_line, counter_);
     }
     case FlagValueStorageKind::kTwoWordsAtomic: {
       return absl::make_unique<FlagState>(
-          this, TwoWordsValue().load(std::memory_order_acquire), modified,
+          *this, TwoWordsValue().load(std::memory_order_acquire), modified,
           on_command_line, counter_);
     }
   }
@@ -411,14 +415,14 @@ std::atomic<AlignedTwoWords>& FlagImpl::TwoWordsValue() const {
 // parsed value. In case if any error is encountered in either step, the error
 // message is stored in 'err'
 std::unique_ptr<void, DynValueDeleter> FlagImpl::TryParse(
-    absl::string_view value, std::string* err) const {
+    absl::string_view value, std::string& err) const {
   std::unique_ptr<void, DynValueDeleter> tentative_value = MakeInitValue();
 
   std::string parse_err;
   if (!flags_internal::Parse(op_, value, tentative_value.get(), &parse_err)) {
     absl::string_view err_sep = parse_err.empty() ? "" : "; ";
-    *err = absl::StrCat("Illegal value '", value, "' specified for flag '",
-                        Name(), "'", err_sep, parse_err);
+    err = absl::StrCat("Illegal value '", value, "' specified for flag '",
+                       Name(), "'", err_sep, parse_err);
     return nullptr;
   }
 
@@ -474,7 +478,7 @@ void FlagImpl::Write(const void* src) {
 //  * Update the current flag value if it was never set before
 // The mode is selected based on 'set_mode' parameter.
 bool FlagImpl::ParseFrom(absl::string_view value, FlagSettingMode set_mode,
-                         ValueSource source, std::string* err) {
+                         ValueSource source, std::string& err) {
   absl::MutexLock l(DataGuard());
 
   switch (set_mode) {
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/flag.h b/absl/flags/internal/flag.h
index e374ecde3d95..2cc44e00f762 100644
--- a/absl/flags/internal/flag.h
+++ b/absl/flags/internal/flag.h
@@ -16,31 +16,36 @@
 #ifndef ABSL_FLAGS_INTERNAL_FLAG_H_
 #define ABSL_FLAGS_INTERNAL_FLAG_H_
 
+#include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <memory>
+#include <new>
 #include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <typeinfo>
 
+#include "absl/base/attributes.h"
 #include "absl/base/call_once.h"
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
+#include "absl/base/optimization.h"
 #include "absl/base/thread_annotations.h"
+#include "absl/flags/commandlineflag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/config.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/registry.h"
 #include "absl/flags/marshalling.h"
-#include "absl/memory/memory.h"
 #include "absl/meta/type_traits.h"
-#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 #include "absl/synchronization/mutex.h"
+#include "absl/utility/utility.h"
 
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Forward declaration of absl::Flag<T> public API.
 namespace flags_internal {
 template <typename T>
@@ -64,12 +69,15 @@ void SetFlag(absl::Flag<T>* flag, const T& v);
 template <typename T, typename V>
 void SetFlag(absl::Flag<T>* flag, const V& v);
 
-namespace flags_internal {
+template <typename U>
+const CommandLineFlag& GetFlagReflectionHandle(const absl::Flag<U>& f);
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Flag value type operations, eg., parsing, copying, etc. are provided
 // by function specific to that type with a signature matching FlagOpFn.
 
+namespace flags_internal {
+
 enum class FlagOp {
   kAlloc,
   kDelete,
@@ -168,6 +176,28 @@ inline const std::type_info* GenRuntimeTypeId() {
 // cases.
 using HelpGenFunc = std::string (*)();
 
+template <size_t N>
+struct FixedCharArray {
+  char value[N];
+
+  template <size_t... I>
+  static constexpr FixedCharArray<N> FromLiteralString(
+      absl::string_view str, absl::index_sequence<I...>) {
+    return (void)str, FixedCharArray<N>({{str[I]..., '\0'}});
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Gen, size_t N = Gen::Value().size()>
+constexpr FixedCharArray<N + 1> HelpStringAsArray(int) {
+  return FixedCharArray<N + 1>::FromLiteralString(
+      Gen::Value(), absl::make_index_sequence<N>{});
+}
+
+template <typename Gen>
+constexpr std::false_type HelpStringAsArray(char) {
+  return std::false_type{};
+}
+
 union FlagHelpMsg {
   constexpr explicit FlagHelpMsg(const char* help_msg) : literal(help_msg) {}
   constexpr explicit FlagHelpMsg(HelpGenFunc help_gen) : gen_func(help_gen) {}
@@ -185,40 +215,28 @@ struct FlagHelpArg {
 
 extern const char kStrippedFlagHelp[];
 
-// HelpConstexprWrap is used by struct AbslFlagHelpGenFor##name generated by
-// ABSL_FLAG macro. It is only used to silence the compiler in the case where
-// help message expression is not constexpr and does not have type const char*.
-// If help message expression is indeed constexpr const char* HelpConstexprWrap
-// is just a trivial identity function.
-template <typename T>
-const char* HelpConstexprWrap(const T&) {
-  return nullptr;
-}
-constexpr const char* HelpConstexprWrap(const char* p) { return p; }
-constexpr const char* HelpConstexprWrap(char* p) { return p; }
-
 // These two HelpArg overloads allows us to select at compile time one of two
 // way to pass Help argument to absl::Flag. We'll be passing
-// AbslFlagHelpGenFor##name as T and integer 0 as a single argument to prefer
-// first overload if possible. If T::Const is evaluatable on constexpr
-// context (see non template int parameter below) we'll choose first overload.
-// In this case the help message expression is immediately evaluated and is used
-// to construct the absl::Flag. No additionl code is generated by ABSL_FLAG.
-// Otherwise SFINAE kicks in and first overload is dropped from the
+// AbslFlagHelpGenFor##name as Gen and integer 0 as a single argument to prefer
+// first overload if possible. If help message is evaluatable on constexpr
+// context We'll be able to make FixedCharArray out of it and we'll choose first
+// overload. In this case the help message expression is immediately evaluated
+// and is used to construct the absl::Flag. No additionl code is generated by
+// ABSL_FLAG Otherwise SFINAE kicks in and first overload is dropped from the
 // consideration, in which case the second overload will be used. The second
 // overload does not attempt to evaluate the help message expression
 // immediately and instead delays the evaluation by returing the function
 // pointer (&T::NonConst) genering the help message when necessary. This is
 // evaluatable in constexpr context, but the cost is an extra function being
 // generated in the ABSL_FLAG code.
-template <typename T, int = (T::Const(), 1)>
-constexpr FlagHelpArg HelpArg(int) {
-  return {FlagHelpMsg(T::Const()), FlagHelpKind::kLiteral};
+template <typename Gen, size_t N>
+constexpr FlagHelpArg HelpArg(const FixedCharArray<N>& value) {
+  return {FlagHelpMsg(value.value), FlagHelpKind::kLiteral};
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-constexpr FlagHelpArg HelpArg(char) {
-  return {FlagHelpMsg(&T::NonConst), FlagHelpKind::kGenFunc};
+template <typename Gen>
+constexpr FlagHelpArg HelpArg(std::false_type) {
+  return {FlagHelpMsg(&Gen::NonConst), FlagHelpKind::kGenFunc};
 }
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -364,31 +382,31 @@ struct FlagValue;
 
 template <typename T>
 struct FlagValue<T, FlagValueStorageKind::kAlignedBuffer> {
-  bool Get(T*) const { return false; }
+  bool Get(T&) const { return false; }
 
   alignas(T) char value[sizeof(T)];
 };
 
 template <typename T>
 struct FlagValue<T, FlagValueStorageKind::kOneWordAtomic> : FlagOneWordValue {
-  bool Get(T* dst) const {
+  bool Get(T& dst) const {
     int64_t one_word_val = value.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
     if (ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(one_word_val == UninitializedFlagValue())) {
       return false;
     }
-    std::memcpy(dst, static_cast<const void*>(&one_word_val), sizeof(T));
+    std::memcpy(&dst, static_cast<const void*>(&one_word_val), sizeof(T));
     return true;
   }
 };
 
 template <typename T>
 struct FlagValue<T, FlagValueStorageKind::kTwoWordsAtomic> : FlagTwoWordsValue {
-  bool Get(T* dst) const {
+  bool Get(T& dst) const {
     AlignedTwoWords two_words_val = value.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
     if (ABSL_PREDICT_FALSE(!two_words_val.IsInitialized())) {
       return false;
     }
-    std::memcpy(dst, static_cast<const void*>(&two_words_val), sizeof(T));
+    std::memcpy(&dst, static_cast<const void*>(&two_words_val), sizeof(T));
     return true;
   }
 };
@@ -419,7 +437,7 @@ struct DynValueDeleter {
 
 class FlagState;
 
-class FlagImpl final : public flags_internal::CommandLineFlag {
+class FlagImpl final : public CommandLineFlag {
  public:
   constexpr FlagImpl(const char* name, const char* filename, FlagOpFn op,
                      FlagHelpArg help, FlagValueStorageKind value_kind,
@@ -492,7 +510,7 @@ class FlagImpl final : public flags_internal::CommandLineFlag {
   // Attempts to parse supplied `value` string. If parsing is successful,
   // returns new value. Otherwise returns nullptr.
   std::unique_ptr<void, DynValueDeleter> TryParse(absl::string_view value,
-                                                  std::string* err) const
+                                                  std::string& err) const
       ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*DataGuard());
   // Stores the flag value based on the pointer to the source.
   void StoreValue(const void* src) ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(*DataGuard());
@@ -534,7 +552,7 @@ class FlagImpl final : public flags_internal::CommandLineFlag {
       ABSL_LOCKS_EXCLUDED(*DataGuard());
 
   bool ParseFrom(absl::string_view value, FlagSettingMode set_mode,
-                 ValueSource source, std::string* error) override
+                 ValueSource source, std::string& error) override
       ABSL_LOCKS_EXCLUDED(*DataGuard());
 
   // Immutable flag's state.
@@ -641,7 +659,7 @@ class Flag {
     impl_.AssertValidType(base_internal::FastTypeId<T>(), &GenRuntimeTypeId<T>);
 #endif
 
-    if (!value_.Get(&u.value)) impl_.Read(&u.value);
+    if (!value_.Get(u.value)) impl_.Read(&u.value);
     return std::move(u.value);
   }
   void Set(const T& v) {
@@ -649,6 +667,13 @@ class Flag {
     impl_.Write(&v);
   }
 
+  template <typename U>
+  friend const CommandLineFlag& absl::GetFlagReflectionHandle(
+      const absl::Flag<U>& f);
+
+  // Access to the reflection.
+  const CommandLineFlag& Reflect() const { return impl_; }
+
   // Flag's data
   // The implementation depends on value_ field to be placed exactly after the
   // impl_ field, so that impl_ can figure out the offset to the value and
@@ -720,12 +745,12 @@ struct FlagRegistrarEmpty {};
 template <typename T, bool do_register>
 class FlagRegistrar {
  public:
-  explicit FlagRegistrar(Flag<T>* flag) : flag_(flag) {
-    if (do_register) flags_internal::RegisterCommandLineFlag(&flag_->impl_);
+  explicit FlagRegistrar(Flag<T>& flag) : flag_(flag) {
+    if (do_register) flags_internal::RegisterCommandLineFlag(flag_.impl_);
   }
 
   FlagRegistrar OnUpdate(FlagCallbackFunc cb) && {
-    flag_->impl_.SetCallback(cb);
+    flag_.impl_.SetCallback(cb);
     return *this;
   }
 
@@ -735,7 +760,7 @@ class FlagRegistrar {
   operator FlagRegistrarEmpty() const { return {}; }  // NOLINT
 
  private:
-  Flag<T>* flag_;  // Flag being registered (not owned).
+  Flag<T>& flag_;  // Flag being registered (not owned).
 };
 
 }  // namespace flags_internal
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/parse.h b/absl/flags/internal/parse.h
index d259be733ce2..de706c898470 100644
--- a/absl/flags/internal/parse.h
+++ b/absl/flags/internal/parse.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
 #include "absl/flags/declare.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 
 ABSL_DECLARE_FLAG(std::vector<std::string>, flagfile);
 ABSL_DECLARE_FLAG(std::vector<std::string>, fromenv);
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/path_util.h b/absl/flags/internal/path_util.h
index 365c83052266..a6594d3347e1 100644
--- a/absl/flags/internal/path_util.h
+++ b/absl/flags/internal/path_util.h
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #define ABSL_FLAGS_INTERNAL_PATH_UTIL_H_
 
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
-#include "absl/strings/match.h"
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 
 namespace absl {
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.cc b/absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.cc
index 64fe31663a0a..a7eb58b6d45f 100644
--- a/absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.cc
@@ -15,6 +15,14 @@
 
 #include "absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.h"
 
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "absl/base/config.h"
+#include "absl/flags/commandlineflag.h"
+#include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 namespace flags_internal {
@@ -24,8 +32,8 @@ FlagFastTypeId PrivateHandleAccessor::TypeId(const CommandLineFlag& flag) {
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<FlagStateInterface> PrivateHandleAccessor::SaveState(
-    CommandLineFlag* flag) {
-  return flag->SaveState();
+    CommandLineFlag& flag) {
+  return flag.SaveState();
 }
 
 bool PrivateHandleAccessor::IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine(
@@ -43,12 +51,12 @@ void PrivateHandleAccessor::CheckDefaultValueParsingRoundtrip(
   flag.CheckDefaultValueParsingRoundtrip();
 }
 
-bool PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(CommandLineFlag* flag,
+bool PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(CommandLineFlag& flag,
                                       absl::string_view value,
                                       flags_internal::FlagSettingMode set_mode,
                                       flags_internal::ValueSource source,
-                                      std::string* error) {
-  return flag->ParseFrom(value, set_mode, source, error);
+                                      std::string& error) {
+  return flag.ParseFrom(value, set_mode, source, error);
 }
 
 }  // namespace flags_internal
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.h b/absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.h
index 40591de447dd..c64435cd6199 100644
--- a/absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.h
+++ b/absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.h
@@ -16,7 +16,13 @@
 #ifndef ABSL_FLAGS_INTERNAL_PRIVATE_HANDLE_ACCESSOR_H_
 #define ABSL_FLAGS_INTERNAL_PRIVATE_HANDLE_ACCESSOR_H_
 
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "absl/base/config.h"
+#include "absl/flags/commandlineflag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
@@ -31,7 +37,7 @@ class PrivateHandleAccessor {
   static FlagFastTypeId TypeId(const CommandLineFlag& flag);
 
   // Access to CommandLineFlag::SaveState.
-  static std::unique_ptr<FlagStateInterface> SaveState(CommandLineFlag* flag);
+  static std::unique_ptr<FlagStateInterface> SaveState(CommandLineFlag& flag);
 
   // Access to CommandLineFlag::IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine.
   static bool IsSpecifiedOnCommandLine(const CommandLineFlag& flag);
@@ -43,9 +49,9 @@ class PrivateHandleAccessor {
   // Access to CommandLineFlag::CheckDefaultValueParsingRoundtrip.
   static void CheckDefaultValueParsingRoundtrip(const CommandLineFlag& flag);
 
-  static bool ParseFrom(CommandLineFlag* flag, absl::string_view value,
+  static bool ParseFrom(CommandLineFlag& flag, absl::string_view value,
                         flags_internal::FlagSettingMode set_mode,
-                        flags_internal::ValueSource source, std::string* error);
+                        flags_internal::ValueSource source, std::string& error);
 };
 
 }  // namespace flags_internal
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/program_name_test.cc b/absl/flags/internal/program_name_test.cc
index 269142f2255f..aff9f6315e4e 100644
--- a/absl/flags/internal/program_name_test.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/internal/program_name_test.cc
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace {
 
 namespace flags = absl::flags_internal;
 
-TEST(FlagsPathUtilTest, TestInitialProgamName) {
+TEST(FlagsPathUtilTest, TestProgamNameInterfaces) {
   flags::SetProgramInvocationName("absl/flags/program_name_test");
   std::string program_name = flags::ProgramInvocationName();
   for (char& c : program_name)
@@ -43,9 +43,7 @@ TEST(FlagsPathUtilTest, TestInitialProgamName) {
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(absl::EndsWith(program_name, expect_name)) << program_name;
   EXPECT_EQ(flags::ShortProgramInvocationName(), expect_basename);
-}
 
-TEST(FlagsPathUtilTest, TestProgamNameInterfaces) {
   flags::SetProgramInvocationName("a/my_test");
 
   EXPECT_EQ(flags::ProgramInvocationName(), "a/my_test");
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/registry.h b/absl/flags/internal/registry.h
index af8ed6b99b78..6f5006a016fd 100644
--- a/absl/flags/internal/registry.h
+++ b/absl/flags/internal/registry.h
@@ -17,11 +17,9 @@
 #define ABSL_FLAGS_INTERNAL_REGISTRY_H_
 
 #include <functional>
-#include <map>
-#include <string>
 
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
-#include "absl/base/macros.h"
+#include "absl/flags/commandlineflag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 
@@ -32,19 +30,16 @@ namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 namespace flags_internal {
 
-CommandLineFlag* FindCommandLineFlag(absl::string_view name);
-CommandLineFlag* FindRetiredFlag(absl::string_view name);
-
 // Executes specified visitor for each non-retired flag in the registry.
 // Requires the caller hold the registry lock.
-void ForEachFlagUnlocked(std::function<void(CommandLineFlag*)> visitor);
+void ForEachFlagUnlocked(std::function<void(CommandLineFlag&)> visitor);
 // Executes specified visitor for each non-retired flag in the registry. While
 // callback are executed, the registry is locked and can't be changed.
-void ForEachFlag(std::function<void(CommandLineFlag*)> visitor);
+void ForEachFlag(std::function<void(CommandLineFlag&)> visitor);
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-bool RegisterCommandLineFlag(CommandLineFlag*);
+bool RegisterCommandLineFlag(CommandLineFlag&);
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Retired registrations:
@@ -87,36 +82,6 @@ inline bool RetiredFlag(const char* flag_name) {
   return flags_internal::Retire(flag_name, base_internal::FastTypeId<T>());
 }
 
-// If the flag is retired, returns true and indicates in |*type_is_bool|
-// whether the type of the retired flag is a bool.
-// Only to be called by code that needs to explicitly ignore retired flags.
-bool IsRetiredFlag(absl::string_view name, bool* type_is_bool);
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Saves the states (value, default value, whether the user has set
-// the flag, registered validators, etc) of all flags, and restores
-// them when the FlagSaver is destroyed.
-//
-// This class is thread-safe.  However, its destructor writes to
-// exactly the set of flags that have changed value during its
-// lifetime, so concurrent _direct_ access to those flags
-// (i.e. FLAGS_foo instead of {Get,Set}CommandLineOption()) is unsafe.
-
-class FlagSaver {
- public:
-  FlagSaver();
-  ~FlagSaver();
-
-  FlagSaver(const FlagSaver&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const FlagSaver&) = delete;
-
-  // Prevents saver from restoring the saved state of flags.
-  void Ignore();
-
- private:
-  class FlagSaverImpl* impl_;  // we use pimpl here to keep API steady
-};
-
 }  // namespace flags_internal
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
 }  // namespace absl
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/type_erased.cc b/absl/flags/internal/type_erased.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index c13fb9b0d453..000000000000
--- a/absl/flags/internal/type_erased.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-//
-// Copyright 2019 The Abseil Authors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-#include "absl/flags/internal/type_erased.h"
-
-#include <assert.h>
-
-#include <string>
-
-#include "absl/base/config.h"
-#include "absl/base/internal/raw_logging.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/registry.h"
-#include "absl/flags/usage_config.h"
-#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
-
-namespace absl {
-ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
-namespace flags_internal {
-
-bool GetCommandLineOption(absl::string_view name, std::string* value) {
-  if (name.empty()) return false;
-  assert(value);
-
-  CommandLineFlag* flag = flags_internal::FindCommandLineFlag(name);
-  if (flag == nullptr || flag->IsRetired()) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  *value = flag->CurrentValue();
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool SetCommandLineOption(absl::string_view name, absl::string_view value) {
-  return SetCommandLineOptionWithMode(name, value,
-                                      flags_internal::SET_FLAGS_VALUE);
-}
-
-bool SetCommandLineOptionWithMode(absl::string_view name,
-                                  absl::string_view value,
-                                  FlagSettingMode set_mode) {
-  CommandLineFlag* flag = flags_internal::FindCommandLineFlag(name);
-
-  if (!flag || flag->IsRetired()) return false;
-
-  std::string error;
-  if (!flags_internal::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-          flag, value, set_mode, kProgrammaticChange, &error)) {
-    // Errors here are all of the form: the provided name was a recognized
-    // flag, but the value was invalid (bad type, or validation failed).
-    flags_internal::ReportUsageError(error, false);
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-bool IsValidFlagValue(absl::string_view name, absl::string_view value) {
-  CommandLineFlag* flag = flags_internal::FindCommandLineFlag(name);
-
-  return flag != nullptr &&
-         (flag->IsRetired() ||
-          flags_internal::PrivateHandleAccessor::ValidateInputValue(*flag,
-                                                                    value));
-}
-
-// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-}  // namespace flags_internal
-ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
-}  // namespace absl
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/type_erased.h b/absl/flags/internal/type_erased.h
deleted file mode 100644
index b43a0ff7be66..000000000000
--- a/absl/flags/internal/type_erased.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-//
-// Copyright 2019 The Abseil Authors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-#ifndef ABSL_FLAGS_INTERNAL_TYPE_ERASED_H_
-#define ABSL_FLAGS_INTERNAL_TYPE_ERASED_H_
-
-#include <string>
-
-#include "absl/base/config.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/registry.h"
-#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
-
-// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Registry interfaces operating on type erased handles.
-
-namespace absl {
-ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
-namespace flags_internal {
-
-// If a flag named "name" exists, store its current value in *OUTPUT
-// and return true.  Else return false without changing *OUTPUT.
-// Thread-safe.
-bool GetCommandLineOption(absl::string_view name, std::string* value);
-
-// Set the value of the flag named "name" to value.  If successful,
-// returns true.  If not successful (e.g., the flag was not found or
-// the value is not a valid value), returns false.
-// Thread-safe.
-bool SetCommandLineOption(absl::string_view name, absl::string_view value);
-
-bool SetCommandLineOptionWithMode(absl::string_view name,
-                                  absl::string_view value,
-                                  FlagSettingMode set_mode);
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-// Returns true iff all of the following conditions are true:
-// (a) "name" names a registered flag
-// (b) "value" can be parsed succesfully according to the type of the flag
-// (c) parsed value passes any validator associated with the flag
-bool IsValidFlagValue(absl::string_view name, absl::string_view value);
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-// If a flag with specified "name" exists and has type T, store
-// its current value in *dst and return true.  Else return false
-// without touching *dst.  T must obey all of the requirements for
-// types passed to DEFINE_FLAG.
-template <typename T>
-inline bool GetByName(absl::string_view name, T* dst) {
-  CommandLineFlag* flag = flags_internal::FindCommandLineFlag(name);
-  if (!flag) return false;
-
-  if (auto val = flag->TryGet<T>()) {
-    *dst = *val;
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  return false;
-}
-
-}  // namespace flags_internal
-ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
-}  // namespace absl
-
-#endif  // ABSL_FLAGS_INTERNAL_TYPE_ERASED_H_
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/type_erased_test.cc b/absl/flags/internal/type_erased_test.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ce5981047b6..000000000000
--- a/absl/flags/internal/type_erased_test.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-//
-//  Copyright 2019 The Abseil Authors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-#include "absl/flags/internal/type_erased.h"
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <string>
-
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
-#include "absl/flags/flag.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/registry.h"
-#include "absl/flags/marshalling.h"
-#include "absl/memory/memory.h"
-
-ABSL_FLAG(int, int_flag, 1, "int_flag help");
-ABSL_FLAG(std::string, string_flag, "dflt", "string_flag help");
-ABSL_RETIRED_FLAG(bool, bool_retired_flag, false, "bool_retired_flag help");
-
-namespace {
-
-namespace flags = absl::flags_internal;
-
-class TypeErasedTest : public testing::Test {
- protected:
-  void SetUp() override { flag_saver_ = absl::make_unique<flags::FlagSaver>(); }
-  void TearDown() override { flag_saver_.reset(); }
-
- private:
-  std::unique_ptr<flags::FlagSaver> flag_saver_;
-};
-
-// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-TEST_F(TypeErasedTest, TestGetCommandLineOption) {
-  std::string value;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::GetCommandLineOption("int_flag", &value));
-  EXPECT_EQ(value, "1");
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::GetCommandLineOption("string_flag", &value));
-  EXPECT_EQ(value, "dflt");
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(flags::GetCommandLineOption("bool_retired_flag", &value));
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(flags::GetCommandLineOption("unknown_flag", &value));
-}
-
-// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-TEST_F(TypeErasedTest, TestSetCommandLineOption) {
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::SetCommandLineOption("int_flag", "101"));
-  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_int_flag), 101);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::SetCommandLineOption("string_flag", "asdfgh"));
-  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_string_flag), "asdfgh");
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(flags::SetCommandLineOption("bool_retired_flag", "true"));
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(flags::SetCommandLineOption("unknown_flag", "true"));
-}
-
-// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-TEST_F(TypeErasedTest, TestSetCommandLineOptionWithMode_SET_FLAGS_VALUE) {
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("int_flag", "101",
-                                                  flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE));
-  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_int_flag), 101);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("string_flag", "asdfgh",
-                                                  flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE));
-  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_string_flag), "asdfgh");
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("bool_retired_flag", "true",
-                                                   flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE));
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("unknown_flag", "true",
-                                                   flags::SET_FLAGS_VALUE));
-}
-
-// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-TEST_F(TypeErasedTest, TestSetCommandLineOptionWithMode_SET_FLAG_IF_DEFAULT) {
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("int_flag", "101",
-                                                  flags::SET_FLAG_IF_DEFAULT));
-  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_int_flag), 101);
-
-  // This semantic is broken. We return true instead of false. Value is not
-  // updated.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("int_flag", "202",
-                                                  flags::SET_FLAG_IF_DEFAULT));
-  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_int_flag), 101);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("string_flag", "asdfgh",
-                                                  flags::SET_FLAG_IF_DEFAULT));
-  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_string_flag), "asdfgh");
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("bool_retired_flag", "true",
-                                                   flags::SET_FLAG_IF_DEFAULT));
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("unknown_flag", "true",
-                                                   flags::SET_FLAG_IF_DEFAULT));
-}
-
-// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-TEST_F(TypeErasedTest, TestSetCommandLineOptionWithMode_SET_FLAGS_DEFAULT) {
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("int_flag", "101",
-                                                  flags::SET_FLAGS_DEFAULT));
-
-  // Set it again to ensure that resetting logic is covered.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("int_flag", "102",
-                                                  flags::SET_FLAGS_DEFAULT));
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("int_flag", "103",
-                                                  flags::SET_FLAGS_DEFAULT));
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("string_flag", "asdfgh",
-                                                  flags::SET_FLAGS_DEFAULT));
-  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_string_flag), "asdfgh");
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("bool_retired_flag", "true",
-                                                   flags::SET_FLAGS_DEFAULT));
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("unknown_flag", "true",
-                                                   flags::SET_FLAGS_DEFAULT));
-
-  // This should be successfull, since flag is still is not set
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode("int_flag", "202",
-                                                  flags::SET_FLAG_IF_DEFAULT));
-  EXPECT_EQ(absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_int_flag), 202);
-}
-
-// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-TEST_F(TypeErasedTest, TestIsValidFlagValue) {
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::IsValidFlagValue("int_flag", "57"));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::IsValidFlagValue("int_flag", "-101"));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(flags::IsValidFlagValue("int_flag", "1.1"));
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::IsValidFlagValue("string_flag", "#%^#%^$%DGHDG$W%adsf"));
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(flags::IsValidFlagValue("bool_retired_flag", "true"));
-}
-
-}  // namespace
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/usage.cc b/absl/flags/internal/usage.cc
index 10accc46f32a..35b6427b6c83 100644
--- a/absl/flags/internal/usage.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/internal/usage.cc
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 
 #include "absl/flags/internal/usage.h"
 
+#include <stdint.h>
+
 #include <functional>
 #include <map>
 #include <ostream>
@@ -23,8 +25,8 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
+#include "absl/flags/commandlineflag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/flag.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/flag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/path_util.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.h"
@@ -107,8 +109,8 @@ class FlagHelpPrettyPrinter {
  public:
   // Pretty printer holds on to the std::ostream& reference to direct an output
   // to that stream.
-  FlagHelpPrettyPrinter(int max_line_len, std::ostream* out)
-      : out_(*out),
+  FlagHelpPrettyPrinter(int max_line_len, std::ostream& out)
+      : out_(out),
         max_line_len_(max_line_len),
         line_len_(0),
         first_line_(true) {}
@@ -182,8 +184,7 @@ class FlagHelpPrettyPrinter {
   bool first_line_;
 };
 
-void FlagHelpHumanReadable(const flags_internal::CommandLineFlag& flag,
-                           std::ostream* out) {
+void FlagHelpHumanReadable(const CommandLineFlag& flag, std::ostream& out) {
   FlagHelpPrettyPrinter printer(80, out);  // Max line length is 80.
 
   // Flag name.
@@ -245,30 +246,28 @@ void FlagsHelpImpl(std::ostream& out, flags_internal::FlagKindFilter filter_cb,
   // This map is used to output matching flags grouped by package and file
   // name.
   std::map<std::string,
-           std::map<std::string,
-                    std::vector<const flags_internal::CommandLineFlag*>>>
+           std::map<std::string, std::vector<const absl::CommandLineFlag*>>>
       matching_flags;
 
-  flags_internal::ForEachFlag([&](flags_internal::CommandLineFlag* flag) {
-    std::string flag_filename = flag->Filename();
+  flags_internal::ForEachFlag([&](absl::CommandLineFlag& flag) {
+    std::string flag_filename = flag.Filename();
 
     // Ignore retired flags.
-    if (flag->IsRetired()) return;
+    if (flag.IsRetired()) return;
 
     // If the flag has been stripped, pretend that it doesn't exist.
-    if (flag->Help() == flags_internal::kStrippedFlagHelp) return;
+    if (flag.Help() == flags_internal::kStrippedFlagHelp) return;
 
     // Make sure flag satisfies the filter
     if (!filter_cb || !filter_cb(flag_filename)) return;
 
     matching_flags[std::string(flags_internal::Package(flag_filename))]
                   [flag_filename]
-                      .push_back(flag);
+                      .push_back(&flag);
   });
 
-  absl::string_view
-      package_separator;             // controls blank lines between packages.
-  absl::string_view file_separator;  // controls blank lines between files.
+  absl::string_view package_separator;  // controls blank lines between packages
+  absl::string_view file_separator;     // controls blank lines between files
   for (const auto& package : matching_flags) {
     if (format == HelpFormat::kHumanReadable) {
       out << package_separator;
@@ -303,10 +302,10 @@ void FlagsHelpImpl(std::ostream& out, flags_internal::FlagKindFilter filter_cb,
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Produces the help message describing specific flag.
-void FlagHelp(std::ostream& out, const flags_internal::CommandLineFlag& flag,
+void FlagHelp(std::ostream& out, const CommandLineFlag& flag,
               HelpFormat format) {
   if (format == HelpFormat::kHumanReadable)
-    flags_internal::FlagHelpHumanReadable(flag, &out);
+    flags_internal::FlagHelpHumanReadable(flag, out);
 }
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/usage.h b/absl/flags/internal/usage.h
index 6b080fd1eeec..0c62dc4b2ac6 100644
--- a/absl/flags/internal/usage.h
+++ b/absl/flags/internal/usage.h
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
+#include "absl/flags/commandlineflag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/declare.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ enum class HelpFormat {
 };
 
 // Outputs the help message describing specific flag.
-void FlagHelp(std::ostream& out, const flags_internal::CommandLineFlag& flag,
+void FlagHelp(std::ostream& out, const CommandLineFlag& flag,
               HelpFormat format = HelpFormat::kHumanReadable);
 
 // Produces the help messages for all flags matching the filter. A flag matches
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/usage_test.cc b/absl/flags/internal/usage_test.cc
index 8dd3532e6d40..6e583fbe4b0e 100644
--- a/absl/flags/internal/usage_test.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/internal/usage_test.cc
@@ -21,15 +21,13 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
-#include "absl/flags/declare.h"
 #include "absl/flags/flag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/parse.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/path_util.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/program_name.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/registry.h"
+#include "absl/flags/reflection.h"
 #include "absl/flags/usage.h"
 #include "absl/flags/usage_config.h"
-#include "absl/memory/memory.h"
 #include "absl/strings/match.h"
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 
@@ -91,7 +89,7 @@ class UsageReportingTest : public testing::Test {
   }
 
  private:
-  flags::FlagSaver flag_saver_;
+  absl::FlagSaver flag_saver_;
 };
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -112,7 +110,7 @@ TEST_F(UsageReportingDeathTest, TestSetProgramUsageMessage) {
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 TEST_F(UsageReportingTest, TestFlagHelpHRF_on_flag_01) {
-  const auto* flag = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("usage_reporting_test_flag_01");
+  const auto* flag = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("usage_reporting_test_flag_01");
   std::stringstream test_buf;
 
   flags::FlagHelp(test_buf, *flag, flags::HelpFormat::kHumanReadable);
@@ -124,7 +122,7 @@ TEST_F(UsageReportingTest, TestFlagHelpHRF_on_flag_01) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(UsageReportingTest, TestFlagHelpHRF_on_flag_02) {
-  const auto* flag = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("usage_reporting_test_flag_02");
+  const auto* flag = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("usage_reporting_test_flag_02");
   std::stringstream test_buf;
 
   flags::FlagHelp(test_buf, *flag, flags::HelpFormat::kHumanReadable);
@@ -136,7 +134,7 @@ TEST_F(UsageReportingTest, TestFlagHelpHRF_on_flag_02) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(UsageReportingTest, TestFlagHelpHRF_on_flag_03) {
-  const auto* flag = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("usage_reporting_test_flag_03");
+  const auto* flag = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("usage_reporting_test_flag_03");
   std::stringstream test_buf;
 
   flags::FlagHelp(test_buf, *flag, flags::HelpFormat::kHumanReadable);
@@ -148,7 +146,7 @@ TEST_F(UsageReportingTest, TestFlagHelpHRF_on_flag_03) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(UsageReportingTest, TestFlagHelpHRF_on_flag_04) {
-  const auto* flag = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("usage_reporting_test_flag_04");
+  const auto* flag = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("usage_reporting_test_flag_04");
   std::stringstream test_buf;
 
   flags::FlagHelp(test_buf, *flag, flags::HelpFormat::kHumanReadable);
@@ -160,7 +158,7 @@ TEST_F(UsageReportingTest, TestFlagHelpHRF_on_flag_04) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(UsageReportingTest, TestFlagHelpHRF_on_flag_05) {
-  const auto* flag = flags::FindCommandLineFlag("usage_reporting_test_flag_05");
+  const auto* flag = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("usage_reporting_test_flag_05");
   std::stringstream test_buf;
 
   flags::FlagHelp(test_buf, *flag, flags::HelpFormat::kHumanReadable);
diff --git a/absl/flags/marshalling.cc b/absl/flags/marshalling.cc
index 09baae88cd58..81f9cebd6f41 100644
--- a/absl/flags/marshalling.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/marshalling.cc
@@ -74,15 +74,16 @@ static int NumericBase(absl::string_view text) {
 }
 
 template <typename IntType>
-inline bool ParseFlagImpl(absl::string_view text, IntType* dst) {
+inline bool ParseFlagImpl(absl::string_view text, IntType& dst) {
   text = absl::StripAsciiWhitespace(text);
 
-  return absl::numbers_internal::safe_strtoi_base(text, dst, NumericBase(text));
+  return absl::numbers_internal::safe_strtoi_base(text, &dst,
+                                                  NumericBase(text));
 }
 
 bool AbslParseFlag(absl::string_view text, short* dst, std::string*) {
   int val;
-  if (!ParseFlagImpl(text, &val)) return false;
+  if (!ParseFlagImpl(text, val)) return false;
   if (static_cast<short>(val) != val)  // worked, but number out of range
     return false;
   *dst = static_cast<short>(val);
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ bool AbslParseFlag(absl::string_view text, short* dst, std::string*) {
 
 bool AbslParseFlag(absl::string_view text, unsigned short* dst, std::string*) {
   unsigned int val;
-  if (!ParseFlagImpl(text, &val)) return false;
+  if (!ParseFlagImpl(text, val)) return false;
   if (static_cast<unsigned short>(val) !=
       val)  // worked, but number out of range
     return false;
@@ -100,28 +101,28 @@ bool AbslParseFlag(absl::string_view text, unsigned short* dst, std::string*) {
 }
 
 bool AbslParseFlag(absl::string_view text, int* dst, std::string*) {
-  return ParseFlagImpl(text, dst);
+  return ParseFlagImpl(text, *dst);
 }
 
 bool AbslParseFlag(absl::string_view text, unsigned int* dst, std::string*) {
-  return ParseFlagImpl(text, dst);
+  return ParseFlagImpl(text, *dst);
 }
 
 bool AbslParseFlag(absl::string_view text, long* dst, std::string*) {
-  return ParseFlagImpl(text, dst);
+  return ParseFlagImpl(text, *dst);
 }
 
 bool AbslParseFlag(absl::string_view text, unsigned long* dst, std::string*) {
-  return ParseFlagImpl(text, dst);
+  return ParseFlagImpl(text, *dst);
 }
 
 bool AbslParseFlag(absl::string_view text, long long* dst, std::string*) {
-  return ParseFlagImpl(text, dst);
+  return ParseFlagImpl(text, *dst);
 }
 
 bool AbslParseFlag(absl::string_view text, unsigned long long* dst,
                    std::string*) {
-  return ParseFlagImpl(text, dst);
+  return ParseFlagImpl(text, *dst);
 }
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/absl/flags/parse.cc b/absl/flags/parse.cc
index fbf4267512b6..e2c88ff863ce 100644
--- a/absl/flags/parse.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/parse.cc
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
 #include "absl/base/const_init.h"
 #include "absl/base/thread_annotations.h"
+#include "absl/flags/commandlineflag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/config.h"
 #include "absl/flags/flag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
@@ -41,8 +42,8 @@
 #include "absl/flags/internal/parse.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/program_name.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/registry.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/usage.h"
+#include "absl/flags/reflection.h"
 #include "absl/flags/usage.h"
 #include "absl/flags/usage_config.h"
 #include "absl/strings/ascii.h"
@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ bool ArgsList::ReadFromFlagfile(const std::string& flag_file_name) {
 // Reads the environment variable with name `name` and stores results in
 // `value`. If variable is not present in environment returns false, otherwise
 // returns true.
-bool GetEnvVar(const char* var_name, std::string* var_value) {
+bool GetEnvVar(const char* var_name, std::string& var_value) {
 #ifdef _WIN32
   char buf[1024];
   auto get_res = GetEnvironmentVariableA(var_name, buf, sizeof(buf));
@@ -234,14 +235,14 @@ bool GetEnvVar(const char* var_name, std::string* var_value) {
     return false;
   }
 
-  *var_value = std::string(buf, get_res);
+  var_value = std::string(buf, get_res);
 #else
   const char* val = ::getenv(var_name);
   if (val == nullptr) {
     return false;
   }
 
-  *var_value = val;
+  var_value = val;
 #endif
 
   return true;
@@ -289,11 +290,11 @@ std::tuple<absl::string_view, absl::string_view, bool> SplitNameAndValue(
 //  found flag or nullptr
 //  is negative in case of --nofoo
 std::tuple<CommandLineFlag*, bool> LocateFlag(absl::string_view flag_name) {
-  CommandLineFlag* flag = flags_internal::FindCommandLineFlag(flag_name);
+  CommandLineFlag* flag = absl::FindCommandLineFlag(flag_name);
   bool is_negative = false;
 
   if (!flag && absl::ConsumePrefix(&flag_name, "no")) {
-    flag = flags_internal::FindCommandLineFlag(flag_name);
+    flag = absl::FindCommandLineFlag(flag_name);
     is_negative = true;
   }
 
@@ -306,17 +307,17 @@ std::tuple<CommandLineFlag*, bool> LocateFlag(absl::string_view flag_name) {
 // back.
 void CheckDefaultValuesParsingRoundtrip() {
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-  flags_internal::ForEachFlag([&](CommandLineFlag* flag) {
-    if (flag->IsRetired()) return;
+  flags_internal::ForEachFlag([&](CommandLineFlag& flag) {
+    if (flag.IsRetired()) return;
 
 #define ABSL_FLAGS_INTERNAL_IGNORE_TYPE(T, _) \
-  if (flag->IsOfType<T>()) return;
+  if (flag.IsOfType<T>()) return;
 
     ABSL_FLAGS_INTERNAL_SUPPORTED_TYPES(ABSL_FLAGS_INTERNAL_IGNORE_TYPE)
 #undef ABSL_FLAGS_INTERNAL_IGNORE_TYPE
 
     flags_internal::PrivateHandleAccessor::CheckDefaultValueParsingRoundtrip(
-        *flag);
+        flag);
   });
 #endif
 }
@@ -329,13 +330,13 @@ void CheckDefaultValuesParsingRoundtrip() {
 // the first flagfile in the input list are processed before the second flagfile
 // etc.
 bool ReadFlagfiles(const std::vector<std::string>& flagfiles,
-                   std::vector<ArgsList>* input_args) {
+                   std::vector<ArgsList>& input_args) {
   bool success = true;
   for (auto it = flagfiles.rbegin(); it != flagfiles.rend(); ++it) {
     ArgsList al;
 
     if (al.ReadFromFlagfile(*it)) {
-      input_args->push_back(al);
+      input_args.push_back(al);
     } else {
       success = false;
     }
@@ -350,7 +351,7 @@ bool ReadFlagfiles(const std::vector<std::string>& flagfiles,
 // `flag_name` is a string from the input flag_names list. If successful we
 // append a single ArgList at the end of the input_args.
 bool ReadFlagsFromEnv(const std::vector<std::string>& flag_names,
-                      std::vector<ArgsList>* input_args,
+                      std::vector<ArgsList>& input_args,
                       bool fail_on_absent_in_env) {
   bool success = true;
   std::vector<std::string> args;
@@ -371,7 +372,7 @@ bool ReadFlagsFromEnv(const std::vector<std::string>& flag_names,
 
     const std::string envname = absl::StrCat("FLAGS_", flag_name);
     std::string envval;
-    if (!GetEnvVar(envname.c_str(), &envval)) {
+    if (!GetEnvVar(envname.c_str(), envval)) {
       if (fail_on_absent_in_env) {
         flags_internal::ReportUsageError(
             absl::StrCat(envname, " not found in environment"), true);
@@ -386,7 +387,7 @@ bool ReadFlagsFromEnv(const std::vector<std::string>& flag_names,
   }
 
   if (success) {
-    input_args->emplace_back(args);
+    input_args.emplace_back(args);
   }
 
   return success;
@@ -396,8 +397,8 @@ bool ReadFlagsFromEnv(const std::vector<std::string>& flag_names,
 
 // Returns success status, which is true if were able to handle all generator
 // flags (flagfile, fromenv, tryfromemv) successfully.
-bool HandleGeneratorFlags(std::vector<ArgsList>* input_args,
-                          std::vector<std::string>* flagfile_value) {
+bool HandleGeneratorFlags(std::vector<ArgsList>& input_args,
+                          std::vector<std::string>& flagfile_value) {
   bool success = true;
 
   absl::MutexLock l(&flags_internal::processing_checks_guard);
@@ -422,9 +423,9 @@ bool HandleGeneratorFlags(std::vector<ArgsList>* input_args,
   if (flags_internal::flagfile_needs_processing) {
     auto flagfiles = absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_flagfile);
 
-    if (input_args->size() == 1) {
-      flagfile_value->insert(flagfile_value->end(), flagfiles.begin(),
-                             flagfiles.end());
+    if (input_args.size() == 1) {
+      flagfile_value.insert(flagfile_value.end(), flagfiles.begin(),
+                            flagfiles.end());
     }
 
     success &= ReadFlagfiles(flagfiles, input_args);
@@ -647,7 +648,7 @@ std::vector<char*> ParseCommandLineImpl(int argc, char* argv[],
   bool success = true;
   while (!input_args.empty()) {
     // 10. First we process the built-in generator flags.
-    success &= HandleGeneratorFlags(&input_args, &flagfile_value);
+    success &= HandleGeneratorFlags(input_args, flagfile_value);
 
     // 30. Select top-most (most recent) arguments list. If it is empty drop it
     // and re-try.
@@ -733,7 +734,7 @@ std::vector<char*> ParseCommandLineImpl(int argc, char* argv[],
 
     std::string error;
     if (!flags_internal::PrivateHandleAccessor::ParseFrom(
-            flag, value, SET_FLAGS_VALUE, kCommandLine, &error)) {
+            *flag, value, SET_FLAGS_VALUE, kCommandLine, error)) {
       flags_internal::ReportUsageError(error, true);
       success = false;
     } else {
diff --git a/absl/flags/parse.h b/absl/flags/parse.h
index f37b0602e662..929de2cb40de 100644
--- a/absl/flags/parse.h
+++ b/absl/flags/parse.h
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 #ifndef ABSL_FLAGS_PARSE_H_
 #define ABSL_FLAGS_PARSE_H_
 
-#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
diff --git a/absl/flags/parse_test.cc b/absl/flags/parse_test.cc
index e6a53ae6cb43..d35a6e471abd 100644
--- a/absl/flags/parse_test.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/parse_test.cc
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 #include "absl/flags/declare.h"
 #include "absl/flags/flag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/parse.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/registry.h"
+#include "absl/flags/reflection.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 #include "absl/strings/substitute.h"
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ constexpr const char* const ff2_data[] = {
 // temporary directory location. This way we can test inclusion of one flagfile
 // from another flagfile.
 const char* GetFlagfileFlag(const std::vector<FlagfileData>& ffd,
-                            std::string* flagfile_flag) {
-  *flagfile_flag = "--flagfile=";
+                            std::string& flagfile_flag) {
+  flagfile_flag = "--flagfile=";
   absl::string_view separator;
   for (const auto& flagfile_data : ffd) {
     std::string flagfile_name =
@@ -183,11 +183,11 @@ const char* GetFlagfileFlag(const std::vector<FlagfileData>& ffd,
       flagfile_out << absl::Substitute(line, GetTestTempDir()) << "\n";
     }
 
-    absl::StrAppend(flagfile_flag, separator, flagfile_name);
+    absl::StrAppend(&flagfile_flag, separator, flagfile_name);
     separator = ",";
   }
 
-  return flagfile_flag->c_str();
+  return flagfile_flag.c_str();
 }
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ using testing::ElementsAreArray;
 
 class ParseTest : public testing::Test {
  private:
-  flags::FlagSaver flag_saver_;
+  absl::FlagSaver flag_saver_;
 };
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -588,14 +588,14 @@ TEST_F(ParseTest, TestSimpleValidFlagfile) {
   const char* in_args1[] = {
       "testbin",
       GetFlagfileFlag({{"parse_test.ff1", absl::MakeConstSpan(ff1_data)}},
-                      &flagfile_flag),
+                      flagfile_flag),
   };
   TestParse(in_args1, -1, 0.1, "q2w2  ", true);
 
   const char* in_args2[] = {
       "testbin",
       GetFlagfileFlag({{"parse_test.ff2", absl::MakeConstSpan(ff2_data)}},
-                      &flagfile_flag),
+                      flagfile_flag),
   };
   TestParse(in_args2, 100, 0.1, "q2w2  ", false);
 }
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ TEST_F(ParseTest, TestValidMultiFlagfile) {
       "testbin",
       GetFlagfileFlag({{"parse_test.ff2", absl::MakeConstSpan(ff2_data)},
                        {"parse_test.ff1", absl::MakeConstSpan(ff1_data)}},
-                      &flagfile_flag),
+                      flagfile_flag),
   };
   TestParse(in_args1, -1, 0.1, "q2w2  ", true);
 }
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ TEST_F(ParseTest, TestFlagfileMixedWithRegularFlags) {
   const char* in_args1[] = {
       "testbin", "--int_flag=3",
       GetFlagfileFlag({{"parse_test.ff1", absl::MakeConstSpan(ff1_data)}},
-                      &flagfile_flag),
+                      flagfile_flag),
       "-double_flag=0.2"};
   TestParse(in_args1, -1, 0.2, "q2w2  ", true);
 }
@@ -637,10 +637,14 @@ TEST_F(ParseTest, TestFlagfileInFlagfile) {
       "--flagfile=$0/parse_test.ff2",
   };
 
+  GetFlagfileFlag({{"parse_test.ff2", absl::MakeConstSpan(ff2_data)},
+                   {"parse_test.ff1", absl::MakeConstSpan(ff1_data)}},
+                      flagfile_flag);
+
   const char* in_args1[] = {
       "testbin",
       GetFlagfileFlag({{"parse_test.ff3", absl::MakeConstSpan(ff3_data)}},
-                      &flagfile_flag),
+                      flagfile_flag),
   };
   TestParse(in_args1, 100, 0.1, "q2w2  ", false);
 }
@@ -657,7 +661,7 @@ TEST_F(ParseDeathTest, TestInvalidFlagfiles) {
   const char* in_args1[] = {
       "testbin",
       GetFlagfileFlag({{"parse_test.ff4",
-                        absl::MakeConstSpan(ff4_data)}}, &flagfile_flag),
+                        absl::MakeConstSpan(ff4_data)}}, flagfile_flag),
   };
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(InvokeParse(in_args1),
                "Unknown command line flag 'unknown_flag'");
@@ -669,7 +673,7 @@ TEST_F(ParseDeathTest, TestInvalidFlagfiles) {
   const char* in_args2[] = {
       "testbin",
       GetFlagfileFlag({{"parse_test.ff5",
-                        absl::MakeConstSpan(ff5_data)}}, &flagfile_flag),
+                        absl::MakeConstSpan(ff5_data)}}, flagfile_flag),
   };
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(InvokeParse(in_args2),
                "Unknown command line flag 'int_flag 10'");
@@ -681,7 +685,7 @@ TEST_F(ParseDeathTest, TestInvalidFlagfiles) {
   const char* in_args3[] = {
       "testbin",
       GetFlagfileFlag({{"parse_test.ff6", absl::MakeConstSpan(ff6_data)}},
-                      &flagfile_flag),
+                      flagfile_flag),
   };
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(InvokeParse(in_args3),
                "Flagfile can't contain position arguments or --");
@@ -702,7 +706,7 @@ TEST_F(ParseDeathTest, TestInvalidFlagfiles) {
   const char* in_args5[] = {
       "testbin",
       GetFlagfileFlag({{"parse_test.ff7", absl::MakeConstSpan(ff7_data)}},
-                      &flagfile_flag),
+                      flagfile_flag),
   };
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(InvokeParse(in_args5),
                "Unexpected line in the flagfile .*: \\*bin\\*");
diff --git a/absl/flags/internal/registry.cc b/absl/flags/reflection.cc
index 3b941f04c21d..5fc945f23767 100644
--- a/absl/flags/internal/registry.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/reflection.cc
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 //
-// Copyright 2019 The Abseil Authors.
+//  Copyright 2020 The Abseil Authors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -13,46 +13,34 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#include "absl/flags/internal/registry.h"
+#include "absl/flags/reflection.h"
 
 #include <assert.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
 
-#include <functional>
 #include <map>
-#include <memory>
 #include <string>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
-#include "absl/base/internal/raw_logging.h"
 #include "absl/base/thread_annotations.h"
-#include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
+#include "absl/flags/commandlineflag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/internal/private_handle_accessor.h"
+#include "absl/flags/internal/registry.h"
 #include "absl/flags/usage_config.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 #include "absl/synchronization/mutex.h"
 
-// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-// FlagRegistry implementation
-//    A FlagRegistry holds all flag objects indexed
-//    by their names so that if you know a flag's name you can access or
-//    set it.
-
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 namespace flags_internal {
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 // FlagRegistry
-//    A FlagRegistry singleton object holds all flag objects indexed
-//    by their names so that if you know a flag's name (as a C
-//    string), you can access or set it.  If the function is named
-//    FooLocked(), you must own the registry lock before calling
-//    the function; otherwise, you should *not* hold the lock, and
-//    the function will acquire it itself if needed.
+//    A FlagRegistry singleton object holds all flag objects indexed by their
+//    names so that if you know a flag's name, you can access or set it. If the
+//    function is named FooLocked(), you must own the registry lock before
+//    calling the function; otherwise, you should *not* hold the lock, and the
+//    function will acquire it itself if needed.
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class FlagRegistry {
@@ -60,8 +48,8 @@ class FlagRegistry {
   FlagRegistry() = default;
   ~FlagRegistry() = default;
 
-  // Store a flag in this registry.  Takes ownership of *flag.
-  void RegisterFlag(CommandLineFlag* flag);
+  // Store a flag in this registry. Takes ownership of *flag.
+  void RegisterFlag(CommandLineFlag& flag);
 
   void Lock() ABSL_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_FUNCTION(lock_) { lock_.Lock(); }
   void Unlock() ABSL_UNLOCK_FUNCTION(lock_) { lock_.Unlock(); }
@@ -74,12 +62,13 @@ class FlagRegistry {
   // found or not retired.  Does not emit a warning.
   CommandLineFlag* FindRetiredFlagLocked(absl::string_view name);
 
-  static FlagRegistry* GlobalRegistry();  // returns a singleton registry
+  static FlagRegistry& GlobalRegistry();  // returns a singleton registry
 
  private:
-  friend class FlagSaverImpl;  // reads all the flags in order to copy them
+  friend class flags_internal::FlagSaverImpl;  // reads all the flags in order
+                                               // to copy them
   friend void ForEachFlagUnlocked(
-      std::function<void(CommandLineFlag*)> visitor);
+      std::function<void(CommandLineFlag&)> visitor);
 
   // The map from name to flag, for FindFlagLocked().
   using FlagMap = std::map<absl::string_view, CommandLineFlag*>;
@@ -94,64 +83,80 @@ class FlagRegistry {
   FlagRegistry& operator=(const FlagRegistry&);
 };
 
-FlagRegistry* FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry() {
-  static FlagRegistry* global_registry = new FlagRegistry;
-  return global_registry;
+CommandLineFlag* FlagRegistry::FindFlagLocked(absl::string_view name) {
+  FlagConstIterator i = flags_.find(name);
+  if (i == flags_.end()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (i->second->IsRetired()) {
+    flags_internal::ReportUsageError(
+        absl::StrCat("Accessing retired flag '", name, "'"), false);
+  }
+
+  return i->second;
+}
+
+CommandLineFlag* FlagRegistry::FindRetiredFlagLocked(absl::string_view name) {
+  FlagConstIterator i = flags_.find(name);
+  if (i == flags_.end() || !i->second->IsRetired()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return i->second;
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 class FlagRegistryLock {
  public:
-  explicit FlagRegistryLock(FlagRegistry* fr) : fr_(fr) { fr_->Lock(); }
-  ~FlagRegistryLock() { fr_->Unlock(); }
+  explicit FlagRegistryLock(FlagRegistry& fr) : fr_(fr) { fr_.Lock(); }
+  ~FlagRegistryLock() { fr_.Unlock(); }
 
  private:
-  FlagRegistry* const fr_;
+  FlagRegistry& fr_;
 };
 
-void DestroyRetiredFlag(CommandLineFlag* flag);
+void DestroyRetiredFlag(CommandLineFlag& flag);
+
 }  // namespace
 
-void FlagRegistry::RegisterFlag(CommandLineFlag* flag) {
-  FlagRegistryLock registry_lock(this);
+void FlagRegistry::RegisterFlag(CommandLineFlag& flag) {
+  FlagRegistryLock registry_lock(*this);
   std::pair<FlagIterator, bool> ins =
-      flags_.insert(FlagMap::value_type(flag->Name(), flag));
+      flags_.insert(FlagMap::value_type(flag.Name(), &flag));
   if (ins.second == false) {  // means the name was already in the map
-    CommandLineFlag* old_flag = ins.first->second;
-    if (flag->IsRetired() != old_flag->IsRetired()) {
+    CommandLineFlag& old_flag = *ins.first->second;
+    if (flag.IsRetired() != old_flag.IsRetired()) {
       // All registrations must agree on the 'retired' flag.
       flags_internal::ReportUsageError(
           absl::StrCat(
-              "Retired flag '", flag->Name(),
-              "' was defined normally in file '",
-              (flag->IsRetired() ? old_flag->Filename() : flag->Filename()),
-              "'."),
+              "Retired flag '", flag.Name(), "' was defined normally in file '",
+              (flag.IsRetired() ? old_flag.Filename() : flag.Filename()), "'."),
           true);
-    } else if (flags_internal::PrivateHandleAccessor::TypeId(*flag) !=
-               flags_internal::PrivateHandleAccessor::TypeId(*old_flag)) {
+    } else if (flags_internal::PrivateHandleAccessor::TypeId(flag) !=
+               flags_internal::PrivateHandleAccessor::TypeId(old_flag)) {
       flags_internal::ReportUsageError(
-          absl::StrCat("Flag '", flag->Name(),
+          absl::StrCat("Flag '", flag.Name(),
                        "' was defined more than once but with "
                        "differing types. Defined in files '",
-                       old_flag->Filename(), "' and '", flag->Filename(), "'."),
+                       old_flag.Filename(), "' and '", flag.Filename(), "'."),
           true);
-    } else if (old_flag->IsRetired()) {
+    } else if (old_flag.IsRetired()) {
       // Retired flag can just be deleted.
       DestroyRetiredFlag(flag);
       return;
-    } else if (old_flag->Filename() != flag->Filename()) {
+    } else if (old_flag.Filename() != flag.Filename()) {
       flags_internal::ReportUsageError(
-          absl::StrCat("Flag '", flag->Name(),
+          absl::StrCat("Flag '", flag.Name(),
                        "' was defined more than once (in files '",
-                       old_flag->Filename(), "' and '", flag->Filename(),
-                       "')."),
+                       old_flag.Filename(), "' and '", flag.Filename(), "')."),
           true);
     } else {
       flags_internal::ReportUsageError(
           absl::StrCat(
-              "Something wrong with flag '", flag->Name(), "' in file '",
-              flag->Filename(), "'. One possibility: file '", flag->Filename(),
+              "Something wrong with flag '", flag.Name(), "' in file '",
+              flag.Filename(), "'. One possibility: file '", flag.Filename(),
               "' is being linked both statically and dynamically into this "
               "executable. e.g. some files listed as srcs to a test and also "
               "listed as srcs of some shared lib deps of the same test."),
@@ -162,120 +167,31 @@ void FlagRegistry::RegisterFlag(CommandLineFlag* flag) {
   }
 }
 
-CommandLineFlag* FlagRegistry::FindFlagLocked(absl::string_view name) {
-  FlagConstIterator i = flags_.find(name);
-  if (i == flags_.end()) {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
-  if (i->second->IsRetired()) {
-    flags_internal::ReportUsageError(
-        absl::StrCat("Accessing retired flag '", name, "'"), false);
-  }
-
-  return i->second;
-}
-
-CommandLineFlag* FlagRegistry::FindRetiredFlagLocked(absl::string_view name) {
-  FlagConstIterator i = flags_.find(name);
-  if (i == flags_.end() || !i->second->IsRetired()) {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
-  return i->second;
-}
-
-// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-// FlagSaver
-// FlagSaverImpl
-//    This class stores the states of all flags at construct time,
-//    and restores all flags to that state at destruct time.
-//    Its major implementation challenge is that it never modifies
-//    pointers in the 'main' registry, so global FLAG_* vars always
-//    point to the right place.
-// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-class FlagSaverImpl {
- public:
-  FlagSaverImpl() = default;
-  FlagSaverImpl(const FlagSaverImpl&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const FlagSaverImpl&) = delete;
-
-  // Saves the flag states from the flag registry into this object.
-  // It's an error to call this more than once.
-  void SaveFromRegistry() {
-    assert(backup_registry_.empty());  // call only once!
-    flags_internal::ForEachFlag([&](flags_internal::CommandLineFlag* flag) {
-      if (auto flag_state =
-              flags_internal::PrivateHandleAccessor::SaveState(flag)) {
-        backup_registry_.emplace_back(std::move(flag_state));
-      }
-    });
-  }
-
-  // Restores the saved flag states into the flag registry.
-  void RestoreToRegistry() {
-    for (const auto& flag_state : backup_registry_) {
-      flag_state->Restore();
-    }
-  }
-
- private:
-  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<flags_internal::FlagStateInterface>>
-      backup_registry_;
-};
-
-FlagSaver::FlagSaver() : impl_(new FlagSaverImpl) { impl_->SaveFromRegistry(); }
-
-void FlagSaver::Ignore() {
-  delete impl_;
-  impl_ = nullptr;
-}
-
-FlagSaver::~FlagSaver() {
-  if (!impl_) return;
-
-  impl_->RestoreToRegistry();
-  delete impl_;
-}
-
-// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-CommandLineFlag* FindCommandLineFlag(absl::string_view name) {
-  if (name.empty()) return nullptr;
-  FlagRegistry* const registry = FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry();
-  FlagRegistryLock frl(registry);
-
-  return registry->FindFlagLocked(name);
-}
-
-CommandLineFlag* FindRetiredFlag(absl::string_view name) {
-  FlagRegistry* const registry = FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry();
-  FlagRegistryLock frl(registry);
-
-  return registry->FindRetiredFlagLocked(name);
+FlagRegistry& FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry() {
+  static FlagRegistry* global_registry = new FlagRegistry;
+  return *global_registry;
 }
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-void ForEachFlagUnlocked(std::function<void(CommandLineFlag*)> visitor) {
-  FlagRegistry* const registry = FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry();
-  for (FlagRegistry::FlagConstIterator i = registry->flags_.begin();
-       i != registry->flags_.end(); ++i) {
-    visitor(i->second);
+void ForEachFlagUnlocked(std::function<void(CommandLineFlag&)> visitor) {
+  FlagRegistry& registry = FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry();
+  for (FlagRegistry::FlagConstIterator i = registry.flags_.begin();
+       i != registry.flags_.end(); ++i) {
+    visitor(*i->second);
   }
 }
 
-void ForEachFlag(std::function<void(CommandLineFlag*)> visitor) {
-  FlagRegistry* const registry = FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry();
+void ForEachFlag(std::function<void(CommandLineFlag&)> visitor) {
+  FlagRegistry& registry = FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry();
   FlagRegistryLock frl(registry);
   ForEachFlagUnlocked(visitor);
 }
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-bool RegisterCommandLineFlag(CommandLineFlag* flag) {
-  FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry()->RegisterFlag(flag);
+bool RegisterCommandLineFlag(CommandLineFlag& flag) {
+  FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry().RegisterFlag(flag);
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -283,7 +199,7 @@ bool RegisterCommandLineFlag(CommandLineFlag* flag) {
 
 namespace {
 
-class RetiredFlagObj final : public flags_internal::CommandLineFlag {
+class RetiredFlagObj final : public CommandLineFlag {
  public:
   constexpr RetiredFlagObj(const char* name, FlagFastTypeId type_id)
       : name_(name), type_id_(type_id) {}
@@ -306,7 +222,7 @@ class RetiredFlagObj final : public flags_internal::CommandLineFlag {
   }
 
   bool ParseFrom(absl::string_view, flags_internal::FlagSettingMode,
-                 flags_internal::ValueSource, std::string*) override {
+                 flags_internal::ValueSource, std::string&) override {
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -319,32 +235,74 @@ class RetiredFlagObj final : public flags_internal::CommandLineFlag {
   const FlagFastTypeId type_id_;
 };
 
-void DestroyRetiredFlag(flags_internal::CommandLineFlag* flag) {
-  assert(flag->IsRetired());
-  delete static_cast<RetiredFlagObj*>(flag);
+void DestroyRetiredFlag(CommandLineFlag& flag) {
+  assert(flag.IsRetired());
+  delete static_cast<RetiredFlagObj*>(&flag);
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 bool Retire(const char* name, FlagFastTypeId type_id) {
   auto* flag = new flags_internal::RetiredFlagObj(name, type_id);
-  FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry()->RegisterFlag(flag);
+  FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry().RegisterFlag(*flag);
   return true;
 }
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-bool IsRetiredFlag(absl::string_view name, bool* type_is_bool) {
-  assert(!name.empty());
-  CommandLineFlag* flag = flags_internal::FindRetiredFlag(name);
-  if (flag == nullptr) {
-    return false;
+class FlagSaverImpl {
+ public:
+  FlagSaverImpl() = default;
+  FlagSaverImpl(const FlagSaverImpl&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const FlagSaverImpl&) = delete;
+
+  // Saves the flag states from the flag registry into this object.
+  // It's an error to call this more than once.
+  void SaveFromRegistry() {
+    assert(backup_registry_.empty());  // call only once!
+    flags_internal::ForEachFlag([&](CommandLineFlag& flag) {
+      if (auto flag_state =
+              flags_internal::PrivateHandleAccessor::SaveState(flag)) {
+        backup_registry_.emplace_back(std::move(flag_state));
+      }
+    });
   }
-  assert(type_is_bool);
-  *type_is_bool = flag->IsOfType<bool>();
-  return true;
-}
+
+  // Restores the saved flag states into the flag registry.
+  void RestoreToRegistry() {
+    for (const auto& flag_state : backup_registry_) {
+      flag_state->Restore();
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<flags_internal::FlagStateInterface>>
+      backup_registry_;
+};
 
 }  // namespace flags_internal
+
+FlagSaver::FlagSaver() : impl_(new flags_internal::FlagSaverImpl) {
+  impl_->SaveFromRegistry();
+}
+
+FlagSaver::~FlagSaver() {
+  if (!impl_) return;
+
+  impl_->RestoreToRegistry();
+  delete impl_;
+}
+
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+CommandLineFlag* FindCommandLineFlag(absl::string_view name) {
+  if (name.empty()) return nullptr;
+  flags_internal::FlagRegistry& registry =
+      flags_internal::FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry();
+  flags_internal::FlagRegistryLock frl(registry);
+
+  return registry.FindFlagLocked(name);
+}
+
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
 }  // namespace absl
diff --git a/absl/flags/reflection.h b/absl/flags/reflection.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..045f9784e269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/absl/flags/reflection.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2020 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// File: reflection.h
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// This file defines the routines to access and operate on an Abseil Flag's
+// reflection handle.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_FLAGS_REFLECTION_H_
+#define ABSL_FLAGS_REFLECTION_H_
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "absl/base/config.h"
+#include "absl/flags/commandlineflag.h"
+#include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace flags_internal {
+class FlagSaverImpl;
+}  // namespace flags_internal
+
+// FindCommandLineFlag()
+//
+// Returns the reflection handle of an Abseil flag of the specified name, or
+// `nullptr` if not found. This function will emit a warning if the name of a
+// 'retired' flag is specified.
+CommandLineFlag* FindCommandLineFlag(absl::string_view name);
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FlagSaver
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// A FlagSaver object stores the state of flags in the scope where the FlagSaver
+// is defined, allowing modification of those flags within that scope and
+// automatic restoration of the flags to their previous state upon leaving the
+// scope.
+//
+// A FlagSaver can be used within tests to temporarily change the test
+// environment and restore the test case to its previous state.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   void MyFunc() {
+//    absl::FlagSaver fs;
+//    ...
+//    absl::SetFlag(FLAGS_myFlag, otherValue);
+//    ...
+//  } // scope of FlagSaver left, flags return to previous state
+//
+// This class is thread-safe.
+
+class FlagSaver {
+ public:
+  FlagSaver();
+  ~FlagSaver();
+
+  FlagSaver(const FlagSaver&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const FlagSaver&) = delete;
+
+ private:
+  flags_internal::FlagSaverImpl* impl_;
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_FLAGS_REFLECTION_H_
diff --git a/absl/flags/reflection_test.cc b/absl/flags/reflection_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9781e597dbd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/absl/flags/reflection_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+//
+//  Copyright 2019 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/flags/reflection.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/flags/flag.h"
+#include "absl/flags/internal/commandlineflag.h"
+#include "absl/flags/marshalling.h"
+#include "absl/memory/memory.h"
+
+ABSL_FLAG(int, int_flag, 1, "int_flag help");
+ABSL_FLAG(std::string, string_flag, "dflt", "string_flag help");
+ABSL_RETIRED_FLAG(bool, bool_retired_flag, false, "bool_retired_flag help");
+
+namespace {
+
+namespace flags = absl::flags_internal;
+
+class ReflectionTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override { flag_saver_ = absl::make_unique<absl::FlagSaver>(); }
+  void TearDown() override { flag_saver_.reset(); }
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<absl::FlagSaver> flag_saver_;
+};
+
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST_F(ReflectionTest, TestFindCommandLineFlag) {
+  auto* handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("some_flag");
+  EXPECT_EQ(handle, nullptr);
+
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("int_flag");
+  EXPECT_NE(handle, nullptr);
+
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("string_flag");
+  EXPECT_NE(handle, nullptr);
+
+  handle = absl::FindCommandLineFlag("bool_retired_flag");
+  EXPECT_NE(handle, nullptr);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
diff --git a/absl/flags/usage_config.cc b/absl/flags/usage_config.cc
index 0d21bce6a9ad..ae2f548a570b 100644
--- a/absl/flags/usage_config.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/usage_config.cc
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 #include "absl/flags/usage_config.h"
 
+#include <functional>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
 
diff --git a/absl/numeric/BUILD.bazel b/absl/numeric/BUILD.bazel
index e09e52d21fe6..da3af4d0cec7 100644
--- a/absl/numeric/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/absl/numeric/BUILD.bazel
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ cc_library(
     copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
     linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
     deps = [
+        "//absl/base:bits",
         "//absl/base:config",
         "//absl/base:core_headers",
     ],
diff --git a/absl/numeric/CMakeLists.txt b/absl/numeric/CMakeLists.txt
index 242889f088ad..1e12d80f7ce9 100644
--- a/absl/numeric/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/absl/numeric/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ absl_cc_library(
   COPTS
     ${ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS}
   DEPS
+    absl::bits
     absl::config
     absl::core_headers
   PUBLIC
diff --git a/absl/numeric/int128.cc b/absl/numeric/int128.cc
index b605a87042c1..e21e5e9a4ad4 100644
--- a/absl/numeric/int128.cc
+++ b/absl/numeric/int128.cc
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "absl/numeric/int128.h"
 
 #include <stddef.h>
+
 #include <cassert>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <ostream>  // NOLINT(readability/streams)
@@ -22,6 +23,9 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 
+#include "absl/base/internal/bits.h"
+#include "absl/base/optimization.h"
+
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
@@ -31,44 +35,26 @@ ABSL_DLL const uint128 kuint128max = MakeUint128(
 namespace {
 
 // Returns the 0-based position of the last set bit (i.e., most significant bit)
-// in the given uint64_t. The argument may not be 0.
+// in the given uint128. The argument is not 0.
 //
 // For example:
 //   Given: 5 (decimal) == 101 (binary)
 //   Returns: 2
-#define STEP(T, n, pos, sh)                   \
-  do {                                        \
-    if ((n) >= (static_cast<T>(1) << (sh))) { \
-      (n) = (n) >> (sh);                      \
-      (pos) |= (sh);                          \
-    }                                         \
-  } while (0)
-static inline int Fls64(uint64_t n) {
-  assert(n != 0);
-  int pos = 0;
-  STEP(uint64_t, n, pos, 0x20);
-  uint32_t n32 = static_cast<uint32_t>(n);
-  STEP(uint32_t, n32, pos, 0x10);
-  STEP(uint32_t, n32, pos, 0x08);
-  STEP(uint32_t, n32, pos, 0x04);
-  return pos + ((uint64_t{0x3333333322221100} >> (n32 << 2)) & 0x3);
-}
-#undef STEP
-
-// Like Fls64() above, but returns the 0-based position of the last set bit
-// (i.e., most significant bit) in the given uint128. The argument may not be 0.
-static inline int Fls128(uint128 n) {
+inline ABSL_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE int Fls128(uint128 n) {
   if (uint64_t hi = Uint128High64(n)) {
-    return Fls64(hi) + 64;
+    ABSL_INTERNAL_ASSUME(hi != 0);
+    return 127 - base_internal::CountLeadingZeros64(hi);
   }
-  return Fls64(Uint128Low64(n));
+  const uint64_t low = Uint128Low64(n);
+  ABSL_INTERNAL_ASSUME(low != 0);
+  return 63 - base_internal::CountLeadingZeros64(low);
 }
 
 // Long division/modulo for uint128 implemented using the shift-subtract
 // division algorithm adapted from:
 // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5386377/division-without-using
-void DivModImpl(uint128 dividend, uint128 divisor, uint128* quotient_ret,
-                uint128* remainder_ret) {
+inline void DivModImpl(uint128 dividend, uint128 divisor, uint128* quotient_ret,
+                       uint128* remainder_ret) {
   assert(divisor != 0);
 
   if (divisor > dividend) {
diff --git a/absl/numeric/int128_benchmark.cc b/absl/numeric/int128_benchmark.cc
index a5502d927c08..eab1515c0ad8 100644
--- a/absl/numeric/int128_benchmark.cc
+++ b/absl/numeric/int128_benchmark.cc
@@ -12,15 +12,15 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#include "absl/numeric/int128.h"
-
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
 #include <random>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
+#include "absl/numeric/int128.h"
 
 namespace {
 
@@ -32,57 +32,85 @@ std::mt19937 MakeRandomEngine() {
   return std::mt19937(seed);
 }
 
-std::vector<std::pair<absl::uint128, absl::uint128>>
-GetRandomClass128SampleUniformDivisor() {
-  std::vector<std::pair<absl::uint128, absl::uint128>> values;
+template <typename T,
+          typename H = typename std::conditional<
+              std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed, int64_t, uint64_t>::type>
+std::vector<std::pair<T, T>> GetRandomClass128SampleUniformDivisor() {
+  std::vector<std::pair<T, T>> values;
   std::mt19937 random = MakeRandomEngine();
-  std::uniform_int_distribution<uint64_t> uniform_uint64;
+  std::uniform_int_distribution<H> uniform_h;
   values.reserve(kSampleSize);
   for (size_t i = 0; i < kSampleSize; ++i) {
-    absl::uint128 a =
-        absl::MakeUint128(uniform_uint64(random), uniform_uint64(random));
-    absl::uint128 b =
-        absl::MakeUint128(uniform_uint64(random), uniform_uint64(random));
-    values.emplace_back(std::max(a, b),
-                        std::max(absl::uint128(2), std::min(a, b)));
+    T a{absl::MakeUint128(uniform_h(random), uniform_h(random))};
+    T b{absl::MakeUint128(uniform_h(random), uniform_h(random))};
+    values.emplace_back(std::max(a, b), std::max(T(2), std::min(a, b)));
   }
   return values;
 }
 
+template <typename T>
 void BM_DivideClass128UniformDivisor(benchmark::State& state) {
-  auto values = GetRandomClass128SampleUniformDivisor();
+  auto values = GetRandomClass128SampleUniformDivisor<T>();
   while (state.KeepRunningBatch(values.size())) {
     for (const auto& pair : values) {
       benchmark::DoNotOptimize(pair.first / pair.second);
     }
   }
 }
-BENCHMARK(BM_DivideClass128UniformDivisor);
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_DivideClass128UniformDivisor, absl::uint128);
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_DivideClass128UniformDivisor, absl::int128);
+
+template <typename T>
+void BM_RemainderClass128UniformDivisor(benchmark::State& state) {
+  auto values = GetRandomClass128SampleUniformDivisor<T>();
+  while (state.KeepRunningBatch(values.size())) {
+    for (const auto& pair : values) {
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(pair.first % pair.second);
+    }
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_RemainderClass128UniformDivisor, absl::uint128);
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_RemainderClass128UniformDivisor, absl::int128);
 
-std::vector<std::pair<absl::uint128, uint64_t>>
-GetRandomClass128SampleSmallDivisor() {
-  std::vector<std::pair<absl::uint128, uint64_t>> values;
+template <typename T,
+          typename H = typename std::conditional<
+              std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed, int64_t, uint64_t>::type>
+std::vector<std::pair<T, H>> GetRandomClass128SampleSmallDivisor() {
+  std::vector<std::pair<T, H>> values;
   std::mt19937 random = MakeRandomEngine();
-  std::uniform_int_distribution<uint64_t> uniform_uint64;
+  std::uniform_int_distribution<H> uniform_h;
   values.reserve(kSampleSize);
   for (size_t i = 0; i < kSampleSize; ++i) {
-    absl::uint128 a =
-        absl::MakeUint128(uniform_uint64(random), uniform_uint64(random));
-    uint64_t b = std::max(uint64_t{2}, uniform_uint64(random));
-    values.emplace_back(std::max(a, absl::uint128(b)), b);
+    T a{absl::MakeUint128(uniform_h(random), uniform_h(random))};
+    H b{std::max(H{2}, uniform_h(random))};
+    values.emplace_back(std::max(a, T(b)), b);
   }
   return values;
 }
 
+template <typename T>
 void BM_DivideClass128SmallDivisor(benchmark::State& state) {
-  auto values = GetRandomClass128SampleSmallDivisor();
+  auto values = GetRandomClass128SampleSmallDivisor<T>();
   while (state.KeepRunningBatch(values.size())) {
     for (const auto& pair : values) {
       benchmark::DoNotOptimize(pair.first / pair.second);
     }
   }
 }
-BENCHMARK(BM_DivideClass128SmallDivisor);
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_DivideClass128SmallDivisor, absl::uint128);
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_DivideClass128SmallDivisor, absl::int128);
+
+template <typename T>
+void BM_RemainderClass128SmallDivisor(benchmark::State& state) {
+  auto values = GetRandomClass128SampleSmallDivisor<T>();
+  while (state.KeepRunningBatch(values.size())) {
+    for (const auto& pair : values) {
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(pair.first % pair.second);
+    }
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_RemainderClass128SmallDivisor, absl::uint128);
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_RemainderClass128SmallDivisor, absl::int128);
 
 std::vector<std::pair<absl::uint128, absl::uint128>> GetRandomClass128Sample() {
   std::vector<std::pair<absl::uint128, absl::uint128>> values;
@@ -121,74 +149,107 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_AddClass128);
 
 // Some implementations of <random> do not support __int128 when it is
 // available, so we make our own uniform_int_distribution-like type.
+template <typename T,
+          typename H = typename std::conditional<
+              std::is_same<T, __int128>::value, int64_t, uint64_t>::type>
 class UniformIntDistribution128 {
  public:
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mimicking std::uniform_int_distribution API
-  unsigned __int128 operator()(std::mt19937& generator) {
-    return (static_cast<unsigned __int128>(dist64_(generator)) << 64) |
-           dist64_(generator);
+  T operator()(std::mt19937& generator) {
+    return (static_cast<T>(dist64_(generator)) << 64) | dist64_(generator);
   }
 
  private:
-  std::uniform_int_distribution<uint64_t> dist64_;
+  std::uniform_int_distribution<H> dist64_;
 };
 
-std::vector<std::pair<unsigned __int128, unsigned __int128>>
-GetRandomIntrinsic128SampleUniformDivisor() {
-  std::vector<std::pair<unsigned __int128, unsigned __int128>> values;
+template <typename T,
+          typename H = typename std::conditional<
+              std::is_same<T, __int128>::value, int64_t, uint64_t>::type>
+std::vector<std::pair<T, T>> GetRandomIntrinsic128SampleUniformDivisor() {
+  std::vector<std::pair<T, T>> values;
   std::mt19937 random = MakeRandomEngine();
-  UniformIntDistribution128 uniform_uint128;
+  UniformIntDistribution128<T> uniform_128;
   values.reserve(kSampleSize);
   for (size_t i = 0; i < kSampleSize; ++i) {
-    unsigned __int128 a = uniform_uint128(random);
-    unsigned __int128 b = uniform_uint128(random);
-    values.emplace_back(
-        std::max(a, b),
-        std::max(static_cast<unsigned __int128>(2), std::min(a, b)));
+    T a = uniform_128(random);
+    T b = uniform_128(random);
+    values.emplace_back(std::max(a, b),
+                        std::max(static_cast<T>(2), std::min(a, b)));
   }
   return values;
 }
 
+template <typename T>
 void BM_DivideIntrinsic128UniformDivisor(benchmark::State& state) {
-  auto values = GetRandomIntrinsic128SampleUniformDivisor();
+  auto values = GetRandomIntrinsic128SampleUniformDivisor<T>();
   while (state.KeepRunningBatch(values.size())) {
     for (const auto& pair : values) {
       benchmark::DoNotOptimize(pair.first / pair.second);
     }
   }
 }
-BENCHMARK(BM_DivideIntrinsic128UniformDivisor);
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_DivideIntrinsic128UniformDivisor, unsigned __int128);
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_DivideIntrinsic128UniformDivisor, __int128);
+
+template <typename T>
+void BM_RemainderIntrinsic128UniformDivisor(benchmark::State& state) {
+  auto values = GetRandomIntrinsic128SampleUniformDivisor<T>();
+  while (state.KeepRunningBatch(values.size())) {
+    for (const auto& pair : values) {
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(pair.first % pair.second);
+    }
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_RemainderIntrinsic128UniformDivisor, unsigned __int128);
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_RemainderIntrinsic128UniformDivisor, __int128);
 
-std::vector<std::pair<unsigned __int128, uint64_t>>
-GetRandomIntrinsic128SampleSmallDivisor() {
-  std::vector<std::pair<unsigned __int128, uint64_t>> values;
+template <typename T,
+          typename H = typename std::conditional<
+              std::is_same<T, __int128>::value, int64_t, uint64_t>::type>
+std::vector<std::pair<T, H>> GetRandomIntrinsic128SampleSmallDivisor() {
+  std::vector<std::pair<T, H>> values;
   std::mt19937 random = MakeRandomEngine();
-  UniformIntDistribution128 uniform_uint128;
-  std::uniform_int_distribution<uint64_t> uniform_uint64;
+  UniformIntDistribution128<T> uniform_int128;
+  std::uniform_int_distribution<H> uniform_int64;
   values.reserve(kSampleSize);
   for (size_t i = 0; i < kSampleSize; ++i) {
-    unsigned __int128 a = uniform_uint128(random);
-    uint64_t b = std::max(uint64_t{2}, uniform_uint64(random));
-    values.emplace_back(std::max(a, static_cast<unsigned __int128>(b)), b);
+    T a = uniform_int128(random);
+    H b = std::max(H{2}, uniform_int64(random));
+    values.emplace_back(std::max(a, static_cast<T>(b)), b);
   }
   return values;
 }
 
+template <typename T>
 void BM_DivideIntrinsic128SmallDivisor(benchmark::State& state) {
-  auto values = GetRandomIntrinsic128SampleSmallDivisor();
+  auto values = GetRandomIntrinsic128SampleSmallDivisor<T>();
   while (state.KeepRunningBatch(values.size())) {
     for (const auto& pair : values) {
       benchmark::DoNotOptimize(pair.first / pair.second);
     }
   }
 }
-BENCHMARK(BM_DivideIntrinsic128SmallDivisor);
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_DivideIntrinsic128SmallDivisor, unsigned __int128);
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_DivideIntrinsic128SmallDivisor, __int128);
+
+template <typename T>
+void BM_RemainderIntrinsic128SmallDivisor(benchmark::State& state) {
+  auto values = GetRandomIntrinsic128SampleSmallDivisor<T>();
+  while (state.KeepRunningBatch(values.size())) {
+    for (const auto& pair : values) {
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(pair.first % pair.second);
+    }
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_RemainderIntrinsic128SmallDivisor, unsigned __int128);
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_RemainderIntrinsic128SmallDivisor, __int128);
 
 std::vector<std::pair<unsigned __int128, unsigned __int128>>
       GetRandomIntrinsic128Sample() {
   std::vector<std::pair<unsigned __int128, unsigned __int128>> values;
   std::mt19937 random = MakeRandomEngine();
-  UniformIntDistribution128 uniform_uint128;
+  UniformIntDistribution128<unsigned __int128> uniform_uint128;
   values.reserve(kSampleSize);
   for (size_t i = 0; i < kSampleSize; ++i) {
     values.emplace_back(uniform_uint128(random), uniform_uint128(random));
diff --git a/absl/random/BUILD.bazel b/absl/random/BUILD.bazel
index 9ba75b5236c5..694331c2080d 100644
--- a/absl/random/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/absl/random/BUILD.bazel
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ cc_library(
         "//absl/base:config",
         "//absl/base:core_headers",
         "//absl/meta:type_traits",
-        "//absl/random/internal:distributions",
+        "//absl/random/internal:distribution_caller",
         "//absl/random/internal:fast_uniform_bits",
         "//absl/random/internal:fastmath",
         "//absl/random/internal:generate_real",
@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ cc_library(
         "//absl/random/internal:uniform_helper",
         "//absl/random/internal:wide_multiply",
         "//absl/strings",
-        "//absl/types:span",
     ],
 )
 
@@ -116,11 +115,12 @@ cc_library(
     copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
     linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
     deps = [
+        ":random",
         "//absl/base:core_headers",
+        "//absl/base:fast_type_id",
         "//absl/meta:type_traits",
         "//absl/random/internal:distribution_caller",
         "//absl/random/internal:fast_uniform_bits",
-        "//absl/random/internal:mocking_bit_gen_base",
     ],
 )
 
@@ -146,10 +146,11 @@ cc_library(
     linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
     deps = [
         ":distributions",
+        ":random",
+        "//absl/base:fast_type_id",
         "//absl/container:flat_hash_map",
         "//absl/meta:type_traits",
         "//absl/random/internal:distribution_caller",
-        "//absl/random/internal:mocking_bit_gen_base",
         "//absl/strings",
         "//absl/types:span",
         "//absl/types:variant",
@@ -411,6 +412,7 @@ cc_test(
     deps = [
         ":bit_gen_ref",
         ":random",
+        "//absl/base:fast_type_id",
         "//absl/random/internal:sequence_urbg",
         "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
     ],
diff --git a/absl/random/CMakeLists.txt b/absl/random/CMakeLists.txt
index ec616dd9526a..ade9ea10f17e 100644
--- a/absl/random/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/absl/random/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ absl_cc_library(
     absl::core_headers
     absl::random_internal_distribution_caller
     absl::random_internal_fast_uniform_bits
-    absl::random_internal_mocking_bit_gen_base
     absl::type_traits
 )
 
@@ -62,6 +61,7 @@ absl_cc_test(
     absl::random_bit_gen_ref
     absl::random_random
     absl::random_internal_sequence_urbg
+    absl::fast_type_id
     gmock
     gtest_main
 )
@@ -69,16 +69,16 @@ absl_cc_test(
 # Internal-only target, do not depend on directly.
 absl_cc_library(
   NAME
-    random_internal_mocking_bit_gen_base
+    random_internal_mock_helpers
   HDRS
-    "internal/mocking_bit_gen_base.h"
+    "internal/mock_helpers.h"
   COPTS
     ${ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS}
   LINKOPTS
     ${ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS}
   DEPS
-    absl::random_random
-    absl::strings
+    absl::fast_type_id
+    absl::optional
 )
 
 # Internal-only target, do not depend on directly.
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ absl_cc_library(
     ${ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS}
   DEPS
     absl::random_mocking_bit_gen
+    absl::random_internal_mock_helpers
   TESTONLY
 )
 
@@ -111,8 +112,8 @@ absl_cc_library(
     absl::raw_logging_internal
     absl::random_distributions
     absl::random_internal_distribution_caller
-    absl::random_internal_mocking_bit_gen_base
     absl::random_internal_mock_overload_set
+    absl::random_random
     absl::strings
     absl::span
     absl::type_traits
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ absl_cc_library(
     absl::config
     absl::core_headers
     absl::random_internal_generate_real
-    absl::random_internal_distributions
+    absl::random_internal_distribution_caller
     absl::random_internal_fast_uniform_bits
     absl::random_internal_fastmath
     absl::random_internal_iostream_state_saver
@@ -191,7 +192,6 @@ absl_cc_library(
     absl::random_internal_uniform_helper
     absl::random_internal_wide_multiply
     absl::strings
-    absl::span
     absl::type_traits
 )
 
@@ -534,27 +534,8 @@ absl_cc_library(
     ${ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS}
   DEPS
     absl::config
-)
-
-# Internal-only target, do not depend on directly.
-absl_cc_library(
-  NAME
-    random_internal_distributions
-  HDRS
-    "internal/distributions.h"
-  COPTS
-    ${ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS}
-  LINKOPTS
-    ${ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS}
-  DEPS
-    absl::random_internal_distribution_caller
-    absl::random_internal_fast_uniform_bits
-    absl::random_internal_fastmath
-    absl::random_internal_traits
-    absl::random_internal_uniform_helper
-    absl::span
-    absl::strings
-    absl::type_traits
+    absl::utility
+    absl::fast_type_id
 )
 
 # Internal-only target, do not depend on directly.
@@ -745,7 +726,6 @@ absl_cc_library(
     absl::random_internal_salted_seed_seq
     absl::random_internal_seed_material
     absl::span
-    absl::strings
     absl::type_traits
 )
 
@@ -1174,9 +1154,7 @@ absl_cc_library(
   LINKOPTS
     ${ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS}
   DEPS
-    absl::core_headers
-    absl::random_internal_fast_uniform_bits
-    absl::random_internal_iostream_state_saver
+    absl::config
     absl::random_internal_traits
     absl::type_traits
 )
diff --git a/absl/random/bit_gen_ref.h b/absl/random/bit_gen_ref.h
index 59591a479d8c..9555460fd491 100644
--- a/absl/random/bit_gen_ref.h
+++ b/absl/random/bit_gen_ref.h
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@
 #ifndef ABSL_RANDOM_BIT_GEN_REF_H_
 #define ABSL_RANDOM_BIT_GEN_REF_H_
 
+#include "absl/base/internal/fast_type_id.h"
 #include "absl/base/macros.h"
 #include "absl/meta/type_traits.h"
 #include "absl/random/internal/distribution_caller.h"
 #include "absl/random/internal/fast_uniform_bits.h"
-#include "absl/random/internal/mocking_bit_gen_base.h"
 
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
@@ -51,6 +51,10 @@ struct is_urbg<
         typename std::decay<decltype(std::declval<URBG>()())>::type>::value>>
     : std::true_type {};
 
+template <typename>
+struct DistributionCaller;
+class MockHelpers;
+
 }  // namespace random_internal
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -77,23 +81,50 @@ struct is_urbg<
 //    }
 //
 class BitGenRef {
- public:
-  using result_type = uint64_t;
+  // SFINAE to detect whether the URBG type includes a member matching
+  // bool InvokeMock(base_internal::FastTypeIdType, void*, void*).
+  //
+  // These live inside BitGenRef so that they have friend access
+  // to MockingBitGen. (see similar methods in DistributionCaller).
+  template <template <class...> class Trait, class AlwaysVoid, class... Args>
+  struct detector : std::false_type {};
+  template <template <class...> class Trait, class... Args>
+  struct detector<Trait, absl::void_t<Trait<Args...>>, Args...>
+      : std::true_type {};
+
+  template <class T>
+  using invoke_mock_t = decltype(std::declval<T*>()->InvokeMock(
+      std::declval<base_internal::FastTypeIdType>(), std::declval<void*>(),
+      std::declval<void*>()));
+
+  template <typename T>
+  using HasInvokeMock = typename detector<invoke_mock_t, void, T>::type;
 
-  BitGenRef(const absl::BitGenRef&) = default;
-  BitGenRef(absl::BitGenRef&&) = default;
-  BitGenRef& operator=(const absl::BitGenRef&) = default;
-  BitGenRef& operator=(absl::BitGenRef&&) = default;
+ public:
+  BitGenRef(const BitGenRef&) = default;
+  BitGenRef(BitGenRef&&) = default;
+  BitGenRef& operator=(const BitGenRef&) = default;
+  BitGenRef& operator=(BitGenRef&&) = default;
+
+  template <typename URBG, typename absl::enable_if_t<
+                               (!std::is_same<URBG, BitGenRef>::value &&
+                                random_internal::is_urbg<URBG>::value &&
+                                !HasInvokeMock<URBG>::value)>* = nullptr>
+  BitGenRef(URBG& gen)  // NOLINT
+      : t_erased_gen_ptr_(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&gen)),
+        mock_call_(NotAMock),
+        generate_impl_fn_(ImplFn<URBG>) {}
 
   template <typename URBG,
-            typename absl::enable_if_t<
-                (!std::is_same<URBG, BitGenRef>::value &&
-                 random_internal::is_urbg<URBG>::value)>* = nullptr>
+            typename absl::enable_if_t<(!std::is_same<URBG, BitGenRef>::value &&
+                                        random_internal::is_urbg<URBG>::value &&
+                                        HasInvokeMock<URBG>::value)>* = nullptr>
   BitGenRef(URBG& gen)  // NOLINT
-      : mocked_gen_ptr_(MakeMockPointer(&gen)),
-        t_erased_gen_ptr_(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&gen)),
-        generate_impl_fn_(ImplFn<URBG>) {
-  }
+      : t_erased_gen_ptr_(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&gen)),
+        mock_call_(&MockCall<URBG>),
+        generate_impl_fn_(ImplFn<URBG>) {}
+
+  using result_type = uint64_t;
 
   static constexpr result_type(min)() {
     return (std::numeric_limits<result_type>::min)();
@@ -106,14 +137,9 @@ class BitGenRef {
   result_type operator()() { return generate_impl_fn_(t_erased_gen_ptr_); }
 
  private:
-  friend struct absl::random_internal::DistributionCaller<absl::BitGenRef>;
   using impl_fn = result_type (*)(uintptr_t);
-  using mocker_base_t = absl::random_internal::MockingBitGenBase;
-
-  // Convert an arbitrary URBG pointer into either a valid mocker_base_t
-  // pointer or a nullptr.
-  static inline mocker_base_t* MakeMockPointer(mocker_base_t* t) { return t; }
-  static inline mocker_base_t* MakeMockPointer(void*) { return nullptr; }
+  using mock_call_fn = bool (*)(uintptr_t, base_internal::FastTypeIdType, void*,
+                                void*);
 
   template <typename URBG>
   static result_type ImplFn(uintptr_t ptr) {
@@ -123,29 +149,32 @@ class BitGenRef {
     return fast_uniform_bits(*reinterpret_cast<URBG*>(ptr));
   }
 
-  mocker_base_t* mocked_gen_ptr_;
+  // Get a type-erased InvokeMock pointer.
+  template <typename URBG>
+  static bool MockCall(uintptr_t gen_ptr, base_internal::FastTypeIdType type,
+                       void* result, void* arg_tuple) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<URBG*>(gen_ptr)->InvokeMock(type, result,
+                                                        arg_tuple);
+  }
+  static bool NotAMock(uintptr_t, base_internal::FastTypeIdType, void*, void*) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  inline bool InvokeMock(base_internal::FastTypeIdType type, void* args_tuple,
+                         void* result) {
+    if (mock_call_ == NotAMock) return false;  // avoids an indirect call.
+    return mock_call_(t_erased_gen_ptr_, type, args_tuple, result);
+  }
+
   uintptr_t t_erased_gen_ptr_;
+  mock_call_fn mock_call_;
   impl_fn generate_impl_fn_;
-};
-
-namespace random_internal {
 
-template <>
-struct DistributionCaller<absl::BitGenRef> {
-  template <typename DistrT, typename... Args>
-  static typename DistrT::result_type Call(absl::BitGenRef* gen_ref,
-                                           Args&&... args) {
-    auto* mock_ptr = gen_ref->mocked_gen_ptr_;
-    if (mock_ptr == nullptr) {
-      DistrT dist(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-      return dist(*gen_ref);
-    } else {
-      return mock_ptr->template Call<DistrT>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    }
-  }
+  template <typename>
+  friend struct ::absl::random_internal::DistributionCaller;  // for InvokeMock
+  friend class ::absl::random_internal::MockHelpers;          // for InvokeMock
 };
 
-}  // namespace random_internal
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
 }  // namespace absl
 
diff --git a/absl/random/bit_gen_ref_test.cc b/absl/random/bit_gen_ref_test.cc
index ca0e4d707250..1135cf2da0bf 100644
--- a/absl/random/bit_gen_ref_test.cc
+++ b/absl/random/bit_gen_ref_test.cc
@@ -17,30 +17,31 @@
 
 #include "gmock/gmock.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/base/internal/fast_type_id.h"
 #include "absl/random/internal/sequence_urbg.h"
 #include "absl/random/random.h"
 
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
-class ConstBitGen : public absl::random_internal::MockingBitGenBase {
-  bool CallImpl(const std::type_info&, void*, void* result) override {
+class ConstBitGen {
+ public:
+  // URBG interface
+  using result_type = absl::BitGen::result_type;
+
+  static constexpr result_type(min)() { return (absl::BitGen::min)(); }
+  static constexpr result_type(max)() { return (absl::BitGen::max)(); }
+  result_type operator()() { return 1; }
+
+  // InvokeMock method
+  bool InvokeMock(base_internal::FastTypeIdType index, void*, void* result) {
     *static_cast<int*>(result) = 42;
     return true;
   }
 };
 
-namespace random_internal {
-template <>
-struct DistributionCaller<ConstBitGen> {
-  template <typename DistrT, typename FormatT, typename... Args>
-  static typename DistrT::result_type Call(ConstBitGen* gen, Args&&... args) {
-    return gen->template Call<DistrT, FormatT>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-  }
-};
-}  // namespace random_internal
-
 namespace {
+
 int FnTest(absl::BitGenRef gen_ref) { return absl::Uniform(gen_ref, 1, 7); }
 
 template <typename T>
diff --git a/absl/random/distributions.h b/absl/random/distributions.h
index 8680f6a66f0a..6775c5d6ff23 100644
--- a/absl/random/distributions.h
+++ b/absl/random/distributions.h
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 #include "absl/random/beta_distribution.h"
 #include "absl/random/exponential_distribution.h"
 #include "absl/random/gaussian_distribution.h"
-#include "absl/random/internal/distributions.h"  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include "absl/random/internal/distribution_caller.h"  // IWYU pragma: export
 #include "absl/random/internal/uniform_helper.h"  // IWYU pragma: export
 #include "absl/random/log_uniform_int_distribution.h"
 #include "absl/random/poisson_distribution.h"
diff --git a/absl/random/internal/BUILD.bazel b/absl/random/internal/BUILD.bazel
index 85d1fb81d23b..d81477ffb7e8 100644
--- a/absl/random/internal/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/absl/random/internal/BUILD.bazel
@@ -45,21 +45,10 @@ cc_library(
     hdrs = ["distribution_caller.h"],
     copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
     linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
-    deps = ["//absl/base:config"],
-)
-
-cc_library(
-    name = "distributions",
-    hdrs = ["distributions.h"],
-    copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
-    linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
     deps = [
-        ":distribution_caller",
-        ":traits",
-        ":uniform_helper",
-        "//absl/base",
-        "//absl/meta:type_traits",
-        "//absl/strings",
+        "//absl/base:config",
+        "//absl/base:fast_type_id",
+        "//absl/utility",
     ],
 )
 
@@ -221,7 +210,6 @@ cc_library(
         ":seed_material",
         "//absl/base:core_headers",
         "//absl/meta:type_traits",
-        "//absl/strings",
         "//absl/types:optional",
         "//absl/types:span",
     ],
@@ -497,12 +485,11 @@ cc_test(
 )
 
 cc_library(
-    name = "mocking_bit_gen_base",
-    hdrs = ["mocking_bit_gen_base.h"],
-    linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
+    name = "mock_helpers",
+    hdrs = ["mock_helpers.h"],
     deps = [
-        "//absl/random",
-        "//absl/strings",
+        "//absl/base:fast_type_id",
+        "//absl/types:optional",
     ],
 )
 
@@ -511,6 +498,7 @@ cc_library(
     testonly = 1,
     hdrs = ["mock_overload_set.h"],
     deps = [
+        ":mock_helpers",
         "//absl/random:mocking_bit_gen",
         "@com_google_googletest//:gtest",
     ],
@@ -672,6 +660,8 @@ cc_library(
     copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
     linkopts = ABSL_DEFAULT_LINKOPTS,
     deps = [
+        ":traits",
+        "//absl/base:config",
         "//absl/meta:type_traits",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/absl/random/internal/distribution_caller.h b/absl/random/internal/distribution_caller.h
index 4e0724440cbc..fc81b787ebe2 100644
--- a/absl/random/internal/distribution_caller.h
+++ b/absl/random/internal/distribution_caller.h
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
+#include "absl/base/internal/fast_type_id.h"
+#include "absl/utility/utility.h"
 
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
@@ -30,14 +32,57 @@ namespace random_internal {
 // to intercept such calls.
 template <typename URBG>
 struct DistributionCaller {
-  // Call the provided distribution type. The parameters are expected
-  // to be explicitly specified.
-  // DistrT is the distribution type.
+  // SFINAE to detect whether the URBG type includes a member matching
+  // bool InvokeMock(base_internal::FastTypeIdType, void*, void*).
+  //
+  // These live inside BitGenRef so that they have friend access
+  // to MockingBitGen. (see similar methods in DistributionCaller).
+  template <template <class...> class Trait, class AlwaysVoid, class... Args>
+  struct detector : std::false_type {};
+  template <template <class...> class Trait, class... Args>
+  struct detector<Trait, absl::void_t<Trait<Args...>>, Args...>
+      : std::true_type {};
+
+  template <class T>
+  using invoke_mock_t = decltype(std::declval<T*>()->InvokeMock(
+      std::declval<::absl::base_internal::FastTypeIdType>(),
+      std::declval<void*>(), std::declval<void*>()));
+
+  using HasInvokeMock = typename detector<invoke_mock_t, void, URBG>::type;
+
+  // Default implementation of distribution caller.
   template <typename DistrT, typename... Args>
-  static typename DistrT::result_type Call(URBG* urbg, Args&&... args) {
+  static typename DistrT::result_type Impl(std::false_type, URBG* urbg,
+                                           Args&&... args) {
     DistrT dist(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
     return dist(*urbg);
   }
+
+  // Mock implementation of distribution caller.
+  // The underlying KeyT must match the KeyT constructed by MockOverloadSet.
+  template <typename DistrT, typename... Args>
+  static typename DistrT::result_type Impl(std::true_type, URBG* urbg,
+                                           Args&&... args) {
+    using ResultT = typename DistrT::result_type;
+    using ArgTupleT = std::tuple<absl::decay_t<Args>...>;
+    using KeyT = ResultT(DistrT, ArgTupleT);
+
+    ArgTupleT arg_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    ResultT result;
+    if (!urbg->InvokeMock(::absl::base_internal::FastTypeId<KeyT>(), &arg_tuple,
+                          &result)) {
+      auto dist = absl::make_from_tuple<DistrT>(arg_tuple);
+      result = dist(*urbg);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Default implementation of distribution caller.
+  template <typename DistrT, typename... Args>
+  static typename DistrT::result_type Call(URBG* urbg, Args&&... args) {
+    return Impl<DistrT, Args...>(HasInvokeMock{}, urbg,
+                                 std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
 };
 
 }  // namespace random_internal
diff --git a/absl/random/internal/distributions.h b/absl/random/internal/distributions.h
deleted file mode 100644
index d7e3c0161f06..000000000000
--- a/absl/random/internal/distributions.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2019 The Abseil Authors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-#ifndef ABSL_RANDOM_INTERNAL_DISTRIBUTIONS_H_
-#define ABSL_RANDOM_INTERNAL_DISTRIBUTIONS_H_
-
-#include <type_traits>
-
-#include "absl/meta/type_traits.h"
-#include "absl/random/internal/distribution_caller.h"
-#include "absl/random/internal/traits.h"
-#include "absl/random/internal/uniform_helper.h"
-
-namespace absl {
-ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
-namespace random_internal {
-
-// In the absence of an explicitly provided return-type, the template
-// "uniform_inferred_return_t<A, B>" is used to derive a suitable type, based on
-// the data-types of the endpoint-arguments {A lo, B hi}.
-//
-// Given endpoints {A lo, B hi}, one of {A, B} will be chosen as the
-// return-type, if one type can be implicitly converted into the other, in a
-// lossless way. The template "is_widening_convertible" implements the
-// compile-time logic for deciding if such a conversion is possible.
-//
-// If no such conversion between {A, B} exists, then the overload for
-// absl::Uniform() will be discarded, and the call will be ill-formed.
-// Return-type for absl::Uniform() when the return-type is inferred.
-template <typename A, typename B>
-using uniform_inferred_return_t =
-    absl::enable_if_t<absl::disjunction<is_widening_convertible<A, B>,
-                                        is_widening_convertible<B, A>>::value,
-                      typename std::conditional<
-                          is_widening_convertible<A, B>::value, B, A>::type>;
-
-}  // namespace random_internal
-ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
-}  // namespace absl
-
-#endif  // ABSL_RANDOM_INTERNAL_DISTRIBUTIONS_H_
diff --git a/absl/random/internal/mock_helpers.h b/absl/random/internal/mock_helpers.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9af27ab3a210
--- /dev/null
+++ b/absl/random/internal/mock_helpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2019 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_RANDOM_INTERNAL_MOCK_HELPERS_H_
+#define ABSL_RANDOM_INTERNAL_MOCK_HELPERS_H_
+
+#include <tuple>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include "absl/base/internal/fast_type_id.h"
+#include "absl/types/optional.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace random_internal {
+
+// MockHelpers works in conjunction with MockOverloadSet, MockingBitGen, and
+// BitGenRef to enable the mocking capability for absl distribution functions.
+//
+// MockingBitGen registers mocks based on the typeid of a mock signature, KeyT,
+// which is used to generate a unique id.
+//
+// KeyT is a signature of the form:
+//   result_type(discriminator_type, std::tuple<args...>)
+// The mocked function signature will be composed from KeyT as:
+//   result_type(args...)
+//
+class MockHelpers {
+  using IdType = ::absl::base_internal::FastTypeIdType;
+
+  // Given a key signature type used to index the mock, extract the components.
+  // KeyT is expected to have the form:
+  //   result_type(discriminator_type, arg_tuple_type)
+  template <typename KeyT>
+  struct KeySignature;
+
+  template <typename ResultT, typename DiscriminatorT, typename ArgTupleT>
+  struct KeySignature<ResultT(DiscriminatorT, ArgTupleT)> {
+    using result_type = ResultT;
+    using discriminator_type = DiscriminatorT;
+    using arg_tuple_type = ArgTupleT;
+  };
+
+  // Detector for InvokeMock.
+  template <class T>
+  using invoke_mock_t = decltype(std::declval<T*>()->InvokeMock(
+      std::declval<IdType>(), std::declval<void*>(), std::declval<void*>()));
+
+  // Empty implementation of InvokeMock.
+  template <typename KeyT, typename ReturnT, typename ArgTupleT, typename URBG,
+            typename... Args>
+  static absl::optional<ReturnT> InvokeMockImpl(char, URBG*, Args&&...) {
+    return absl::nullopt;
+  }
+
+  // Non-empty implementation of InvokeMock.
+  template <typename KeyT, typename ReturnT, typename ArgTupleT, typename URBG,
+            typename = invoke_mock_t<URBG>, typename... Args>
+  static absl::optional<ReturnT> InvokeMockImpl(int, URBG* urbg,
+                                                Args&&... args) {
+    ArgTupleT arg_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    ReturnT result;
+    if (urbg->InvokeMock(::absl::base_internal::FastTypeId<KeyT>(), &arg_tuple,
+                         &result)) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    return absl::nullopt;
+  }
+
+ public:
+  // Invoke a mock for the KeyT (may or may not be a signature).
+  //
+  // KeyT is used to generate a typeid-based lookup key for the mock.
+  // KeyT is a signature of the form:
+  //   result_type(discriminator_type, std::tuple<args...>)
+  // The mocked function signature will be composed from KeyT as:
+  //   result_type(args...)
+  //
+  // An instance of arg_tuple_type must be constructable from Args..., since
+  // the underlying mechanism requires a pointer to an argument tuple.
+  template <typename KeyT, typename URBG, typename... Args>
+  static auto MaybeInvokeMock(URBG* urbg, Args&&... args)
+      -> absl::optional<typename KeySignature<KeyT>::result_type> {
+    // Use function overloading to dispatch to the implemenation since
+    // more modern patterns (e.g. require + constexpr) are not supported in all
+    // compiler configurations.
+    return InvokeMockImpl<KeyT, typename KeySignature<KeyT>::result_type,
+                          typename KeySignature<KeyT>::arg_tuple_type, URBG>(
+        0, urbg, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  // Acquire a mock for the KeyT (may or may not be a signature).
+  //
+  // KeyT is used to generate a typeid-based lookup for the mock.
+  // KeyT is a signature of the form:
+  //   result_type(discriminator_type, std::tuple<args...>)
+  // The mocked function signature will be composed from KeyT as:
+  //   result_type(args...)
+  template <typename KeyT, typename MockURBG>
+  static auto MockFor(MockURBG& m) -> decltype(
+      std::declval<MockURBG>()
+          .template RegisterMock<typename KeySignature<KeyT>::result_type,
+                                 typename KeySignature<KeyT>::arg_tuple_type>(
+              std::declval<IdType>())) {
+    return m.template RegisterMock<typename KeySignature<KeyT>::result_type,
+                                   typename KeySignature<KeyT>::arg_tuple_type>(
+        ::absl::base_internal::FastTypeId<KeyT>());
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace random_internal
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_RANDOM_INTERNAL_MOCK_HELPERS_H_
diff --git a/absl/random/internal/mock_overload_set.h b/absl/random/internal/mock_overload_set.h
index c2a30d89d52b..dccc6cee679c 100644
--- a/absl/random/internal/mock_overload_set.h
+++ b/absl/random/internal/mock_overload_set.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "gmock/gmock.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/random/internal/mock_helpers.h"
 #include "absl/random/mocking_bit_gen.h"
 
 namespace absl {
@@ -35,17 +36,20 @@ struct MockSingleOverload;
 // EXPECT_CALL(mock_single_overload, Call(...))` will expand to a call to
 // `mock_single_overload.gmock_Call(...)`. Because expectations are stored on
 // the MockingBitGen (an argument passed inside `Call(...)`), this forwards to
-// arguments to Mocking::Register.
+// arguments to MockingBitGen::Register.
+//
+// The underlying KeyT must match the KeyT constructed by DistributionCaller.
 template <typename DistrT, typename Ret, typename... Args>
 struct MockSingleOverload<DistrT, Ret(MockingBitGen&, Args...)> {
   static_assert(std::is_same<typename DistrT::result_type, Ret>::value,
                 "Overload signature must have return type matching the "
-                "distributions result type.");
+                "distribution result_type.");
+  using KeyT = Ret(DistrT, std::tuple<Args...>);
   auto gmock_Call(
       absl::MockingBitGen& gen,  // NOLINT(google-runtime-references)
-      const ::testing::Matcher<Args>&... args)
-      -> decltype(gen.Register<DistrT, Args...>(args...)) {
-    return gen.Register<DistrT, Args...>(args...);
+      const ::testing::Matcher<Args>&... matchers)
+      -> decltype(MockHelpers::MockFor<KeyT>(gen).gmock_Call(matchers...)) {
+    return MockHelpers::MockFor<KeyT>(gen).gmock_Call(matchers...);
   }
 };
 
@@ -53,13 +57,15 @@ template <typename DistrT, typename Ret, typename Arg, typename... Args>
 struct MockSingleOverload<DistrT, Ret(Arg, MockingBitGen&, Args...)> {
   static_assert(std::is_same<typename DistrT::result_type, Ret>::value,
                 "Overload signature must have return type matching the "
-                "distributions result type.");
+                "distribution result_type.");
+  using KeyT = Ret(DistrT, std::tuple<Arg, Args...>);
   auto gmock_Call(
-      const ::testing::Matcher<Arg>& arg,
+      const ::testing::Matcher<Arg>& matcher,
       absl::MockingBitGen& gen,  // NOLINT(google-runtime-references)
-      const ::testing::Matcher<Args>&... args)
-      -> decltype(gen.Register<DistrT, Arg, Args...>(arg, args...)) {
-    return gen.Register<DistrT, Arg, Args...>(arg, args...);
+      const ::testing::Matcher<Args>&... matchers)
+      -> decltype(MockHelpers::MockFor<KeyT>(gen).gmock_Call(matcher,
+                                                             matchers...)) {
+    return MockHelpers::MockFor<KeyT>(gen).gmock_Call(matcher, matchers...);
   }
 };
 
diff --git a/absl/random/internal/mocking_bit_gen_base.h b/absl/random/internal/mocking_bit_gen_base.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 23ecaf6c7e63..000000000000
--- a/absl/random/internal/mocking_bit_gen_base.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-//
-// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-//
-#ifndef ABSL_RANDOM_INTERNAL_MOCKING_BIT_GEN_BASE_H_
-#define ABSL_RANDOM_INTERNAL_MOCKING_BIT_GEN_BASE_H_
-
-#include <string>
-#include <typeinfo>
-
-#include "absl/random/random.h"
-#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
-
-namespace absl {
-ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
-namespace random_internal {
-
-class MockingBitGenBase {
-  template <typename>
-  friend struct DistributionCaller;
-  using generator_type = absl::BitGen;
-
- public:
-  // URBG interface
-  using result_type = generator_type::result_type;
-  static constexpr result_type(min)() { return (generator_type::min)(); }
-  static constexpr result_type(max)() { return (generator_type::max)(); }
-  result_type operator()() { return gen_(); }
-
-  virtual ~MockingBitGenBase() = default;
-
- protected:
-  // CallImpl is the type-erased virtual dispatch.
-  // The type of dist is always distribution<T>,
-  // The type of result is always distribution<T>::result_type.
-  virtual bool CallImpl(const std::type_info& distr_type, void* dist_args,
-                        void* result) = 0;
-
-  template <typename DistrT, typename ArgTupleT>
-  static const std::type_info& GetTypeId() {
-    return typeid(std::pair<absl::decay_t<DistrT>, absl::decay_t<ArgTupleT>>);
-  }
-
-  // Call the generating distribution function.
-  // Invoked by DistributionCaller<>::Call<DistT>.
-  // DistT is the distribution type.
-  template <typename DistrT, typename... Args>
-  typename DistrT::result_type Call(Args&&... args) {
-    using distr_result_type = typename DistrT::result_type;
-    using ArgTupleT = std::tuple<absl::decay_t<Args>...>;
-
-    ArgTupleT arg_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    auto dist = absl::make_from_tuple<DistrT>(arg_tuple);
-
-    distr_result_type result{};
-    bool found_match =
-        CallImpl(GetTypeId<DistrT, ArgTupleT>(), &arg_tuple, &result);
-
-    if (!found_match) {
-      result = dist(gen_);
-    }
-
-    return result;
-  }
-
- private:
-  generator_type gen_;
-};  // namespace random_internal
-
-}  // namespace random_internal
-ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
-}  // namespace absl
-
-#endif  // ABSL_RANDOM_INTERNAL_MOCKING_BIT_GEN_BASE_H_
diff --git a/absl/random/internal/uniform_helper.h b/absl/random/internal/uniform_helper.h
index 663107cb3a63..5b2afecb89e6 100644
--- a/absl/random/internal/uniform_helper.h
+++ b/absl/random/internal/uniform_helper.h
@@ -19,10 +19,13 @@
 #include <limits>
 #include <type_traits>
 
+#include "absl/base/config.h"
 #include "absl/meta/type_traits.h"
+#include "absl/random/internal/traits.h"
 
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
 template <typename IntType>
 class uniform_int_distribution;
 
@@ -58,6 +61,26 @@ struct IntervalOpenOpenTag
     : public random_internal::TagTypeCompare<IntervalOpenOpenTag> {};
 
 namespace random_internal {
+
+// In the absence of an explicitly provided return-type, the template
+// "uniform_inferred_return_t<A, B>" is used to derive a suitable type, based on
+// the data-types of the endpoint-arguments {A lo, B hi}.
+//
+// Given endpoints {A lo, B hi}, one of {A, B} will be chosen as the
+// return-type, if one type can be implicitly converted into the other, in a
+// lossless way. The template "is_widening_convertible" implements the
+// compile-time logic for deciding if such a conversion is possible.
+//
+// If no such conversion between {A, B} exists, then the overload for
+// absl::Uniform() will be discarded, and the call will be ill-formed.
+// Return-type for absl::Uniform() when the return-type is inferred.
+template <typename A, typename B>
+using uniform_inferred_return_t =
+    absl::enable_if_t<absl::disjunction<is_widening_convertible<A, B>,
+                                        is_widening_convertible<B, A>>::value,
+                      typename std::conditional<
+                          is_widening_convertible<A, B>::value, B, A>::type>;
+
 // The functions
 //    uniform_lower_bound(tag, a, b)
 // and
@@ -149,12 +172,19 @@ uniform_upper_bound(Tag, FloatType, FloatType b) {
   return std::nextafter(b, (std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max)());
 }
 
+// UniformDistribution selects either absl::uniform_int_distribution
+// or absl::uniform_real_distribution depending on the NumType parameter.
 template <typename NumType>
 using UniformDistribution =
     typename std::conditional<std::is_integral<NumType>::value,
                               absl::uniform_int_distribution<NumType>,
                               absl::uniform_real_distribution<NumType>>::type;
 
+// UniformDistributionWrapper is used as the underlying distribution type
+// by the absl::Uniform template function. It selects the proper Abseil
+// uniform distribution and provides constructor overloads that match the
+// expected parameter order as well as adjusting distribtuion bounds based
+// on the tag.
 template <typename NumType>
 struct UniformDistributionWrapper : public UniformDistribution<NumType> {
   template <typename TagType>
diff --git a/absl/random/mock_distributions.h b/absl/random/mock_distributions.h
index d36d5ba03cab..764ab370abeb 100644
--- a/absl/random/mock_distributions.h
+++ b/absl/random/mock_distributions.h
@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@
 // More information about the Googletest testing framework is available at
 // https://github.com/google/googletest
 //
+// EXPECT_CALL and ON_CALL need to be made within the same DLL component as
+// the call to absl::Uniform and related methods, otherwise mocking will fail
+// since the  underlying implementation creates a type-specific pointer which
+// will be distinct across different DLL boundaries.
+//
 // Example:
 //
 //   absl::MockingBitGen mock;
diff --git a/absl/random/mocking_bit_gen.h b/absl/random/mocking_bit_gen.h
index 3d8a979e734f..6d2f2c836245 100644
--- a/absl/random/mocking_bit_gen.h
+++ b/absl/random/mocking_bit_gen.h
@@ -33,17 +33,16 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
-#include <typeindex>
-#include <typeinfo>
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "gmock/gmock.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/base/internal/fast_type_id.h"
 #include "absl/container/flat_hash_map.h"
 #include "absl/meta/type_traits.h"
 #include "absl/random/distributions.h"
 #include "absl/random/internal/distribution_caller.h"
-#include "absl/random/internal/mocking_bit_gen_base.h"
+#include "absl/random/random.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_join.h"
 #include "absl/types/span.h"
@@ -54,11 +53,12 @@ namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
 namespace random_internal {
-
-template <typename, typename>
-struct MockSingleOverload;
+template <typename>
+struct DistributionCaller;
+class MockHelpers;
 
 }  // namespace random_internal
+class BitGenRef;
 
 // MockingBitGen
 //
@@ -96,102 +96,132 @@ struct MockSingleOverload;
 // At this time, only mock distributions supplied within the Abseil random
 // library are officially supported.
 //
-class MockingBitGen : public absl::random_internal::MockingBitGenBase {
+// EXPECT_CALL and ON_CALL need to be made within the same DLL component as
+// the call to absl::Uniform and related methods, otherwise mocking will fail
+// since the  underlying implementation creates a type-specific pointer which
+// will be distinct across different DLL boundaries.
+//
+class MockingBitGen {
  public:
-  MockingBitGen() {}
+  MockingBitGen() = default;
 
-  ~MockingBitGen() override {
+  ~MockingBitGen() {
     for (const auto& del : deleters_) del();
   }
 
+  // URBG interface
+  using result_type = absl::BitGen::result_type;
+
+  static constexpr result_type(min)() { return (absl::BitGen::min)(); }
+  static constexpr result_type(max)() { return (absl::BitGen::max)(); }
+  result_type operator()() { return gen_(); }
+
  private:
-  template <typename DistrT, typename... Args>
-  using MockFnType =
-      ::testing::MockFunction<typename DistrT::result_type(Args...)>;
+  using match_impl_fn = void (*)(void* mock_fn, void* t_erased_arg_tuple,
+                                 void* t_erased_result);
+
+  struct MockData {
+    void* mock_fn = nullptr;
+    match_impl_fn match_impl = nullptr;
+  };
+
+  // GetMockFnType returns the testing::MockFunction for a result and tuple.
+  // This method only exists for type deduction and is otherwise unimplemented.
+  template <typename ResultT, typename... Args>
+  static auto GetMockFnType(ResultT, std::tuple<Args...>)
+      -> ::testing::MockFunction<ResultT(Args...)>;
+
+  // MockFnCaller is a helper method for use with absl::apply to
+  // apply an ArgTupleT to a compatible MockFunction.
+  // NOTE: MockFnCaller is essentially equivalent to the lambda:
+  // [fn](auto... args) { return fn->Call(std::move(args)...)}
+  // however that fails to build on some supported platforms.
+  template <typename ResultT, typename MockFnType, typename Tuple>
+  struct MockFnCaller;
+  // specialization for std::tuple.
+  template <typename ResultT, typename MockFnType, typename... Args>
+  struct MockFnCaller<ResultT, MockFnType, std::tuple<Args...>> {
+    MockFnType* fn;
+    inline ResultT operator()(Args... args) {
+      return fn->Call(std::move(args)...);
+    }
+  };
 
-  // MockingBitGen::Register
+  // MockingBitGen::RegisterMock
   //
-  // Register<DistrT, FormatT, ArgTupleT> is the main extension point for
-  // extending the MockingBitGen framework. It provides a mechanism to install a
-  // mock expectation for the distribution `distr_t` onto the MockingBitGen
-  // context.
+  // RegisterMock<ResultT, ArgTupleT>(FastTypeIdType) is the main extension
+  // point for extending the MockingBitGen framework. It provides a mechanism to
+  // install a mock expectation for a function like ResultT(Args...) keyed by
+  // type_idex onto the MockingBitGen context. The key is that the type_index
+  // used to register must match the type index used to call the mock.
   //
   // The returned MockFunction<...> type can be used to setup additional
   // distribution parameters of the expectation.
-  template <typename DistrT, typename... Args, typename... Ms>
-  decltype(std::declval<MockFnType<DistrT, Args...>>().gmock_Call(
-      std::declval<Ms>()...))
-  Register(Ms&&... matchers) {
-    auto& mock =
-        mocks_[std::type_index(GetTypeId<DistrT, std::tuple<Args...>>())];
-
+  template <typename ResultT, typename ArgTupleT>
+  auto RegisterMock(base_internal::FastTypeIdType type)
+      -> decltype(GetMockFnType(std::declval<ResultT>(),
+                                std::declval<ArgTupleT>()))& {
+    using MockFnType = decltype(
+        GetMockFnType(std::declval<ResultT>(), std::declval<ArgTupleT>()));
+    auto& mock = mocks_[type];
     if (!mock.mock_fn) {
-      auto* mock_fn = new MockFnType<DistrT, Args...>;
+      auto* mock_fn = new MockFnType;
       mock.mock_fn = mock_fn;
-      mock.match_impl = &MatchImpl<DistrT, Args...>;
+      mock.match_impl = &MatchImpl<ResultT, ArgTupleT>;
       deleters_.emplace_back([mock_fn] { delete mock_fn; });
     }
-
-    return static_cast<MockFnType<DistrT, Args...>*>(mock.mock_fn)
-        ->gmock_Call(std::forward<Ms>(matchers)...);
+    return *static_cast<MockFnType*>(mock.mock_fn);
   }
 
-  mutable std::vector<std::function<void()>> deleters_;
-
-  using match_impl_fn = void (*)(void* mock_fn, void* t_erased_dist_args,
-                                 void* t_erased_result);
-  struct MockData {
-    void* mock_fn = nullptr;
-    match_impl_fn match_impl = nullptr;
-  };
-
-  mutable absl::flat_hash_map<std::type_index, MockData> mocks_;
-
-  template <typename DistrT, typename... Args>
-  static void MatchImpl(void* mock_fn, void* dist_args, void* result) {
-    using result_type = typename DistrT::result_type;
-    *static_cast<result_type*>(result) = absl::apply(
-        [mock_fn](Args... args) -> result_type {
-          return (*static_cast<MockFnType<DistrT, Args...>*>(mock_fn))
-              .Call(std::move(args)...);
-        },
-        *static_cast<std::tuple<Args...>*>(dist_args));
+  // MockingBitGen::MatchImpl<> is a dispatch function which converts the
+  // generic type-erased parameters into a specific mock invocation call.
+  // Requires tuple_args to point to a ArgTupleT, which is a std::tuple<Args...>
+  // used to invoke the mock function.
+  // Requires result to point to a ResultT, which is the result of the call.
+  template <typename ResultT, typename ArgTupleT>
+  static void MatchImpl(/*MockFnType<ResultT, Args...>*/ void* mock_fn,
+                        /*ArgTupleT*/ void* args_tuple,
+                        /*ResultT*/ void* result) {
+    using MockFnType = decltype(
+        GetMockFnType(std::declval<ResultT>(), std::declval<ArgTupleT>()));
+    *static_cast<ResultT*>(result) = absl::apply(
+        MockFnCaller<ResultT, MockFnType, ArgTupleT>{
+            static_cast<MockFnType*>(mock_fn)},
+        *static_cast<ArgTupleT*>(args_tuple));
   }
 
-  // Looks for an appropriate mock - Returns the mocked result if one is found.
-  // Otherwise, returns a random value generated by the underlying URBG.
-  bool CallImpl(const std::type_info& key_type, void* dist_args,
-                void* result) override {
+  // MockingBitGen::InvokeMock
+  //
+  // InvokeMock(FastTypeIdType, args, result) is the entrypoint for invoking
+  // mocks registered on MockingBitGen.
+  //
+  // When no mocks are registered on the provided FastTypeIdType, returns false.
+  // Otherwise attempts to invoke the mock function ResultT(Args...) that
+  // was previously registered via the type_index.
+  // Requires tuple_args to point to a ArgTupleT, which is a std::tuple<Args...>
+  // used to invoke the mock function.
+  // Requires result to point to a ResultT, which is the result of the call.
+  inline bool InvokeMock(base_internal::FastTypeIdType type, void* args_tuple,
+                         void* result) {
     // Trigger a mock, if there exists one that matches `param`.
-    auto it = mocks_.find(std::type_index(key_type));
+    auto it = mocks_.find(type);
     if (it == mocks_.end()) return false;
     auto* mock_data = static_cast<MockData*>(&it->second);
-    mock_data->match_impl(mock_data->mock_fn, dist_args, result);
+    mock_data->match_impl(mock_data->mock_fn, args_tuple, result);
     return true;
   }
 
-  template <typename, typename>
-  friend struct ::absl::random_internal::MockSingleOverload;
-  friend struct ::absl::random_internal::DistributionCaller<
-      absl::MockingBitGen>;
-};
-
-// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Implementation Details Only Below
-// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  absl::flat_hash_map<base_internal::FastTypeIdType, MockData> mocks_;
+  std::vector<std::function<void()>> deleters_;
+  absl::BitGen gen_;
 
-namespace random_internal {
-
-template <>
-struct DistributionCaller<absl::MockingBitGen> {
-  template <typename DistrT, typename... Args>
-  static typename DistrT::result_type Call(absl::MockingBitGen* gen,
-                                           Args&&... args) {
-    return gen->template Call<DistrT>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-  }
+  template <typename>
+  friend struct ::absl::random_internal::DistributionCaller;  // for InvokeMock
+  friend class ::absl::BitGenRef;                             // for InvokeMock
+  friend class ::absl::random_internal::MockHelpers;  // for RegisterMock,
+                                                      // InvokeMock
 };
 
-}  // namespace random_internal
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
 }  // namespace absl
 
diff --git a/absl/random/seed_sequences_test.cc b/absl/random/seed_sequences_test.cc
index 2cc8b0e6f2b7..fe1100bda0d5 100644
--- a/absl/random/seed_sequences_test.cc
+++ b/absl/random/seed_sequences_test.cc
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ template <typename URBG>
 void TestReproducibleVariateSequencesForNonsecureURBG() {
   const size_t kNumVariates = 1000;
 
-  // Master RNG instance.
   URBG rng;
   // Reused for both RNG instances.
   auto reusable_seed = absl::CreateSeedSeqFrom(&rng);
diff --git a/absl/status/status.cc b/absl/status/status.cc
index 6d57a6be8db3..0a655736e53f 100644
--- a/absl/status/status.cc
+++ b/absl/status/status.cc
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
-// The implementation was intentionally kept same as util::error::Code_Name()
-// to ease the migration.
 std::string StatusCodeToString(StatusCode code) {
   switch (code) {
     case StatusCode::kOk:
diff --git a/absl/strings/cord.cc b/absl/strings/cord.cc
index 1ddd6aec91ab..68f5398791db 100644
--- a/absl/strings/cord.cc
+++ b/absl/strings/cord.cc
@@ -705,6 +705,37 @@ Cord::Cord(absl::string_view src) {
   }
 }
 
+template <typename T, Cord::EnableIfString<T>>
+Cord::Cord(T&& src) {
+  if (
+      // String is short: copy data to avoid external block overhead.
+      src.size() <= kMaxBytesToCopy ||
+      // String is wasteful: copy data to avoid pinning too much unused memory.
+      src.size() < src.capacity() / 2
+  ) {
+    if (src.size() <= InlineRep::kMaxInline) {
+      contents_.set_data(src.data(), src.size(), false);
+    } else {
+      contents_.set_tree(NewTree(src.data(), src.size(), 0));
+    }
+  } else {
+    struct StringReleaser {
+      void operator()(absl::string_view /* data */) {}
+      std::string data;
+    };
+    const absl::string_view original_data = src;
+    CordRepExternal* rep =
+        static_cast<CordRepExternal*>(absl::cord_internal::NewExternalRep(
+            original_data, StringReleaser{std::move(src)}));
+    // Moving src may have invalidated its data pointer, so adjust it.
+    rep->base =
+        static_cast<StringReleaser*>(GetExternalReleaser(rep))->data.data();
+    contents_.set_tree(rep);
+  }
+}
+
+template Cord::Cord(std::string&& src);
+
 // The destruction code is separate so that the compiler can determine
 // that it does not need to call the destructor on a moved-from Cord.
 void Cord::DestroyCordSlow() {
@@ -742,6 +773,18 @@ Cord& Cord::operator=(absl::string_view src) {
   return *this;
 }
 
+template <typename T, Cord::EnableIfString<T>>
+Cord& Cord::operator=(T&& src) {
+  if (src.size() <= kMaxBytesToCopy) {
+    *this = absl::string_view(src);
+  } else {
+    *this = Cord(std::move(src));
+  }
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template Cord& Cord::operator=(std::string&& src);
+
 // TODO(sanjay): Move to Cord::InlineRep section of file.  For now,
 // we keep it here to make diffs easier.
 void Cord::InlineRep::AppendArray(const char* src_data, size_t src_size) {
@@ -853,6 +896,17 @@ void Cord::Append(const Cord& src) { AppendImpl(src); }
 
 void Cord::Append(Cord&& src) { AppendImpl(std::move(src)); }
 
+template <typename T, Cord::EnableIfString<T>>
+void Cord::Append(T&& src) {
+  if (src.size() <= kMaxBytesToCopy) {
+    Append(absl::string_view(src));
+  } else {
+    Append(Cord(std::move(src)));
+  }
+}
+
+template void Cord::Append(std::string&& src);
+
 void Cord::Prepend(const Cord& src) {
   CordRep* src_tree = src.contents_.tree();
   if (src_tree != nullptr) {
@@ -882,6 +936,17 @@ void Cord::Prepend(absl::string_view src) {
   }
 }
 
+template <typename T, Cord::EnableIfString<T>>
+inline void Cord::Prepend(T&& src) {
+  if (src.size() <= kMaxBytesToCopy) {
+    Prepend(absl::string_view(src));
+  } else {
+    Prepend(Cord(std::move(src)));
+  }
+}
+
+template void Cord::Prepend(std::string&& src);
+
 static CordRep* RemovePrefixFrom(CordRep* node, size_t n) {
   if (n >= node->length) return nullptr;
   if (n == 0) return Ref(node);
diff --git a/absl/strings/cord.h b/absl/strings/cord.h
index 3be8d7d875f5..dc987454fafb 100644
--- a/absl/strings/cord.h
+++ b/absl/strings/cord.h
@@ -147,11 +147,8 @@ class Cord {
   // Creates a Cord from a `std::string&&` rvalue. These constructors are
   // templated to avoid ambiguities for types that are convertible to both
   // `absl::string_view` and `std::string`, such as `const char*`.
-  //
-  // Note that these functions reserve the right to use the `string&&`'s
-  // memory and that they will do so in the future.
   template <typename T, EnableIfString<T> = 0>
-  explicit Cord(T&& src) : Cord(absl::string_view(src)) {}
+  explicit Cord(T&& src);
   template <typename T, EnableIfString<T> = 0>
   Cord& operator=(T&& src);
 
@@ -1048,11 +1045,8 @@ inline Cord& Cord::operator=(Cord&& x) noexcept {
   return *this;
 }
 
-template <typename T, Cord::EnableIfString<T>>
-inline Cord& Cord::operator=(T&& src) {
-  *this = absl::string_view(src);
-  return *this;
-}
+extern template Cord::Cord(std::string&& src);
+extern template Cord& Cord::operator=(std::string&& src);
 
 inline size_t Cord::size() const {
   // Length is 1st field in str.rep_
@@ -1098,19 +1092,8 @@ inline void Cord::Append(absl::string_view src) {
   contents_.AppendArray(src.data(), src.size());
 }
 
-template <typename T, Cord::EnableIfString<T>>
-inline void Cord::Append(T&& src) {
-  // Note that this function reserves the right to reuse the `string&&`'s
-  // memory and that it will do so in the future.
-  Append(absl::string_view(src));
-}
-
-template <typename T, Cord::EnableIfString<T>>
-inline void Cord::Prepend(T&& src) {
-  // Note that this function reserves the right to reuse the `string&&`'s
-  // memory and that it will do so in the future.
-  Prepend(absl::string_view(src));
-}
+extern template void Cord::Append(std::string&& src);
+extern template void Cord::Prepend(std::string&& src);
 
 inline int Cord::Compare(const Cord& rhs) const {
   if (!contents_.is_tree() && !rhs.contents_.is_tree()) {
diff --git a/absl/strings/internal/str_format/convert_test.cc b/absl/strings/internal/str_format/convert_test.cc
index 20c6229fcb37..0e8535c27b7a 100644
--- a/absl/strings/internal/str_format/convert_test.cc
+++ b/absl/strings/internal/str_format/convert_test.cc
@@ -764,6 +764,12 @@ TEST_F(FormatConvertTest, LongDouble) {
     }
   }
 
+  // Regression tests
+  //
+  // Using a string literal because not all platforms support hex literals or it
+  // might be out of range.
+  doubles.push_back(std::strtold("-0xf.ffffffb5feafffbp-16324L", nullptr));
+
   for (const char *fmt : kFormats) {
     for (char f : {'f', 'F',  //
                    'g', 'G',  //
diff --git a/absl/strings/internal/str_format/float_conversion.cc b/absl/strings/internal/str_format/float_conversion.cc
index a761a5a5f9ce..10e4695411b2 100644
--- a/absl/strings/internal/str_format/float_conversion.cc
+++ b/absl/strings/internal/str_format/float_conversion.cc
@@ -224,13 +224,13 @@ class FractionalDigitGenerator {
   // This function will allocate enough stack space to perform the conversion.
   static void RunConversion(
       uint128 v, int exp, absl::FunctionRef<void(FractionalDigitGenerator)> f) {
+    using Limits = std::numeric_limits<long double>;
     assert(-exp < 0);
-    assert(-exp >= std::numeric_limits<long double>::min_exponent - 128);
-    static_assert(
-        StackArray::kMaxCapacity >=
-            (128 - std::numeric_limits<long double>::min_exponent + 31) / 32,
-        "");
-    StackArray::RunWithCapacity((exp + 31) / 32,
+    assert(-exp >= Limits::min_exponent - 128);
+    static_assert(StackArray::kMaxCapacity >=
+                      (Limits::digits + 128 - Limits::min_exponent + 31) / 32,
+                  "");
+    StackArray::RunWithCapacity((Limits::digits + exp + 31) / 32,
                                 [=](absl::Span<uint32_t> input) {
                                   f(FractionalDigitGenerator(input, v, exp));
                                 });
diff --git a/absl/strings/str_format.h b/absl/strings/str_format.h
index f833a80aba63..36bd84a3e60b 100644
--- a/absl/strings/str_format.h
+++ b/absl/strings/str_format.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 //
 // The `str_format` library is a typesafe replacement for the family of
 // `printf()` string formatting routines within the `<cstdio>` standard library
-// header. Like the `printf` family, the `str_format` uses a "format string" to
+// header. Like the `printf` family, `str_format` uses a "format string" to
 // perform argument substitutions based on types. See the `FormatSpec` section
 // below for format string documentation.
 //
diff --git a/absl/strings/str_format_test.cc b/absl/strings/str_format_test.cc
index 49a68849f064..22cfef66d5d4 100644
--- a/absl/strings/str_format_test.cc
+++ b/absl/strings/str_format_test.cc
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include "gmock/gmock.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/strings/cord.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 
@@ -353,6 +354,7 @@ TEST(StrFormat, BehavesAsDocumented) {
   EXPECT_EQ(StrFormat("%s", "C"), "C");
   EXPECT_EQ(StrFormat("%s", std::string("C++")), "C++");
   EXPECT_EQ(StrFormat("%s", string_view("view")), "view");
+  EXPECT_EQ(StrFormat("%s", absl::Cord("cord")), "cord");
   // Integral Conversion
   //     These format integral types: char, int, long, uint64_t, etc.
   EXPECT_EQ(StrFormat("%d", char{10}), "10");
diff --git a/absl/strings/str_split.h b/absl/strings/str_split.h
index a79cd4a0ce0d..1ce17f38aa81 100644
--- a/absl/strings/str_split.h
+++ b/absl/strings/str_split.h
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "absl/base/internal/raw_logging.h"
+#include "absl/base/macros.h"
 #include "absl/strings/internal/str_split_internal.h"
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 #include "absl/strings/strip.h"
diff --git a/absl/time/civil_time.cc b/absl/time/civil_time.cc
index c4202c7399ae..bdfe9ce0efb3 100644
--- a/absl/time/civil_time.cc
+++ b/absl/time/civil_time.cc
@@ -98,26 +98,26 @@ bool ParseLenient(string_view s, CivilT* c) {
 }  // namespace
 
 std::string FormatCivilTime(CivilSecond c) {
-  return FormatYearAnd("-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", c);
+  return FormatYearAnd("-%m-%d%ET%H:%M:%S", c);
 }
 std::string FormatCivilTime(CivilMinute c) {
-  return FormatYearAnd("-%m-%dT%H:%M", c);
+  return FormatYearAnd("-%m-%d%ET%H:%M", c);
 }
 std::string FormatCivilTime(CivilHour c) {
-  return FormatYearAnd("-%m-%dT%H", c);
+  return FormatYearAnd("-%m-%d%ET%H", c);
 }
 std::string FormatCivilTime(CivilDay c) { return FormatYearAnd("-%m-%d", c); }
 std::string FormatCivilTime(CivilMonth c) { return FormatYearAnd("-%m", c); }
 std::string FormatCivilTime(CivilYear c) { return FormatYearAnd("", c); }
 
 bool ParseCivilTime(string_view s, CivilSecond* c) {
-  return ParseYearAnd("-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", s, c);
+  return ParseYearAnd("-%m-%d%ET%H:%M:%S", s, c);
 }
 bool ParseCivilTime(string_view s, CivilMinute* c) {
-  return ParseYearAnd("-%m-%dT%H:%M", s, c);
+  return ParseYearAnd("-%m-%d%ET%H:%M", s, c);
 }
 bool ParseCivilTime(string_view s, CivilHour* c) {
-  return ParseYearAnd("-%m-%dT%H", s, c);
+  return ParseYearAnd("-%m-%d%ET%H", s, c);
 }
 bool ParseCivilTime(string_view s, CivilDay* c) {
   return ParseYearAnd("-%m-%d", s, c);
diff --git a/absl/time/format.cc b/absl/time/format.cc
index 228940ed1b99..4005fb704cf6 100644
--- a/absl/time/format.cc
+++ b/absl/time/format.cc
@@ -27,14 +27,11 @@ namespace cctz = absl::time_internal::cctz;
 namespace absl {
 ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
-ABSL_DLL extern const char RFC3339_full[] =
-    "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%E*S%Ez";
-ABSL_DLL extern const char RFC3339_sec[] = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%Ez";
-
-ABSL_DLL extern const char RFC1123_full[] =
-    "%a, %d %b %E4Y %H:%M:%S %z";
-ABSL_DLL extern const char RFC1123_no_wday[] =
-    "%d %b %E4Y %H:%M:%S %z";
+ABSL_DLL extern const char RFC3339_full[] = "%Y-%m-%d%ET%H:%M:%E*S%Ez";
+ABSL_DLL extern const char RFC3339_sec[] = "%Y-%m-%d%ET%H:%M:%S%Ez";
+
+ABSL_DLL extern const char RFC1123_full[] = "%a, %d %b %E4Y %H:%M:%S %z";
+ABSL_DLL extern const char RFC1123_no_wday[] = "%d %b %E4Y %H:%M:%S %z";
 
 namespace {
 
diff --git a/absl/time/format_benchmark.cc b/absl/time/format_benchmark.cc
index 249c51d87586..19e481dbd1a5 100644
--- a/absl/time/format_benchmark.cc
+++ b/absl/time/format_benchmark.cc
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ const char* const kFormats[] = {
     absl::RFC1123_no_wday,  // 1
     absl::RFC3339_full,     // 2
     absl::RFC3339_sec,      // 3
-    "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",    // 4
+    "%Y-%m-%d%ET%H:%M:%S",  // 4
     "%Y-%m-%d",             // 5
 };
 const int kNumFormats = sizeof(kFormats) / sizeof(kFormats[0]);
diff --git a/absl/time/internal/cctz/include/cctz/civil_time_detail.h b/absl/time/internal/cctz/include/cctz/civil_time_detail.h
index 4cde96f1aaf1..d1b4222b1f43 100644
--- a/absl/time/internal/cctz/include/cctz/civil_time_detail.h
+++ b/absl/time/internal/cctz/include/cctz/civil_time_detail.h
@@ -106,54 +106,64 @@ CONSTEXPR_F int days_per_month(year_t y, month_t m) noexcept {
 
 CONSTEXPR_F fields n_day(year_t y, month_t m, diff_t d, diff_t cd, hour_t hh,
                          minute_t mm, second_t ss) noexcept {
-  y += (cd / 146097) * 400;
+  year_t ey = y % 400;
+  const year_t oey = ey;
+  ey += (cd / 146097) * 400;
   cd %= 146097;
   if (cd < 0) {
-    y -= 400;
+    ey -= 400;
     cd += 146097;
   }
-  y += (d / 146097) * 400;
+  ey += (d / 146097) * 400;
   d = d % 146097 + cd;
   if (d > 0) {
     if (d > 146097) {
-      y += 400;
+      ey += 400;
       d -= 146097;
     }
   } else {
     if (d > -365) {
       // We often hit the previous year when stepping a civil time backwards,
       // so special case it to avoid counting up by 100/4/1-year chunks.
-      y -= 1;
-      d += days_per_year(y, m);
+      ey -= 1;
+      d += days_per_year(ey, m);
     } else {
-      y -= 400;
+      ey -= 400;
       d += 146097;
     }
   }
   if (d > 365) {
-    for (int n = days_per_century(y, m); d > n; n = days_per_century(y, m)) {
+    for (;;) {
+      int n = days_per_century(ey, m);
+      if (d <= n) break;
       d -= n;
-      y += 100;
+      ey += 100;
     }
-    for (int n = days_per_4years(y, m); d > n; n = days_per_4years(y, m)) {
+    for (;;) {
+      int n = days_per_4years(ey, m);
+      if (d <= n) break;
       d -= n;
-      y += 4;
+      ey += 4;
     }
-    for (int n = days_per_year(y, m); d > n; n = days_per_year(y, m)) {
+    for (;;) {
+      int n = days_per_year(ey, m);
+      if (d <= n) break;
       d -= n;
-      ++y;
+      ++ey;
     }
   }
   if (d > 28) {
-    for (int n = days_per_month(y, m); d > n; n = days_per_month(y, m)) {
+    for (;;) {
+      int n = days_per_month(ey, m);
+      if (d <= n) break;
       d -= n;
       if (++m > 12) {
-        ++y;
+        ++ey;
         m = 1;
       }
     }
   }
-  return fields(y, m, static_cast<day_t>(d), hh, mm, ss);
+  return fields(y + (ey - oey), m, static_cast<day_t>(d), hh, mm, ss);
 }
 CONSTEXPR_F fields n_mon(year_t y, diff_t m, diff_t d, diff_t cd, hour_t hh,
                          minute_t mm, second_t ss) noexcept {
diff --git a/absl/time/internal/cctz/include/cctz/time_zone.h b/absl/time/internal/cctz/include/cctz/time_zone.h
index d4ea90ef7eb5..5562a37bc807 100644
--- a/absl/time/internal/cctz/include/cctz/time_zone.h
+++ b/absl/time/internal/cctz/include/cctz/time_zone.h
@@ -292,6 +292,7 @@ bool parse(const std::string&, const std::string&, const time_zone&,
 //   - %E#f - Fractional seconds with # digits of precision
 //   - %E*f - Fractional seconds with full precision (a literal '*')
 //   - %E4Y - Four-character years (-999 ... -001, 0000, 0001 ... 9999)
+//   - %ET  - The RFC3339 "date-time" separator "T"
 //
 // Note that %E0S behaves like %S, and %E0f produces no characters. In
 // contrast %E*f always produces at least one digit, which may be '0'.
@@ -321,7 +322,8 @@ inline std::string format(const std::string& fmt, const time_point<D>& tp,
 // returns the corresponding time_point. Uses strftime()-like formatting
 // options, with the same extensions as cctz::format(), but with the
 // exceptions that %E#S is interpreted as %E*S, and %E#f as %E*f. %Ez
-// and %E*z also accept the same inputs.
+// and %E*z also accept the same inputs, which (along with %z) includes
+// 'z' and 'Z' as synonyms for +00:00.  %ET accepts either 'T' or 't'.
 //
 // %Y consumes as many numeric characters as it can, so the matching data
 // should always be terminated with a non-numeric. %E4Y always consumes
diff --git a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/cctz_benchmark.cc b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/cctz_benchmark.cc
index a402760d19e0..4e39188ff3e6 100644
--- a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/cctz_benchmark.cc
+++ b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/cctz_benchmark.cc
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ void BM_PrevWeekday(benchmark::State& state) {
 }
 BENCHMARK(BM_PrevWeekday);
 
-const char RFC3339_full[] = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%E*S%Ez";
-const char RFC3339_sec[] = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%Ez";
+const char RFC3339_full[] = "%Y-%m-%d%ET%H:%M:%E*S%Ez";
+const char RFC3339_sec[] = "%Y-%m-%d%ET%H:%M:%S%Ez";
 
 const char RFC1123_full[] = "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z";
 const char RFC1123_no_wday[] = "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z";
@@ -991,12 +991,12 @@ void BM_Time_FromCivilDay0_Libc(benchmark::State& state) {
 BENCHMARK(BM_Time_FromCivilDay0_Libc);
 
 const char* const kFormats[] = {
-    RFC1123_full,         // 0
-    RFC1123_no_wday,      // 1
-    RFC3339_full,         // 2
-    RFC3339_sec,          // 3
-    "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",  // 4
-    "%Y-%m-%d",           // 5
+    RFC1123_full,           // 0
+    RFC1123_no_wday,        // 1
+    RFC3339_full,           // 2
+    RFC3339_sec,            // 3
+    "%Y-%m-%d%ET%H:%M:%S",  // 4
+    "%Y-%m-%d",             // 5
 };
 const int kNumFormats = sizeof(kFormats) / sizeof(kFormats[0]);
 
diff --git a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/civil_time_test.cc b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/civil_time_test.cc
index be894d7072a4..a5a71230419f 100644
--- a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/civil_time_test.cc
+++ b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/civil_time_test.cc
@@ -235,6 +235,16 @@ TEST(CivilTime, Difference) {
 }
 
 // NOTE: Run this with --copt=-ftrapv to detect overflow problems.
+TEST(CivilTime, ConstructionWithHugeYear) {
+  constexpr civil_hour h(-9223372036854775807, 1, 1, -1);
+  static_assert(h.year() == -9223372036854775807 - 1,
+                "ConstructionWithHugeYear");
+  static_assert(h.month() == 12, "ConstructionWithHugeYear");
+  static_assert(h.day() == 31, "ConstructionWithHugeYear");
+  static_assert(h.hour() == 23, "ConstructionWithHugeYear");
+}
+
+// NOTE: Run this with --copt=-ftrapv to detect overflow problems.
 TEST(CivilTime, DifferenceWithHugeYear) {
   {
     constexpr civil_day d1(9223372036854775807, 1, 1);
diff --git a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format.cc b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format.cc
index 179975e0626e..2e02233ce118 100644
--- a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format.cc
+++ b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format.cc
@@ -67,6 +67,48 @@ char* strptime(const char* s, const char* fmt, std::tm* tm) {
 }
 #endif
 
+// Convert a cctz::weekday to a tm_wday value (0-6, Sunday = 0).
+int ToTmWday(weekday wd) {
+  switch (wd) {
+    case weekday::sunday:
+      return 0;
+    case weekday::monday:
+      return 1;
+    case weekday::tuesday:
+      return 2;
+    case weekday::wednesday:
+      return 3;
+    case weekday::thursday:
+      return 4;
+    case weekday::friday:
+      return 5;
+    case weekday::saturday:
+      return 6;
+  }
+  return 0; /*NOTREACHED*/
+}
+
+// Convert a tm_wday value (0-6, Sunday = 0) to a cctz::weekday.
+weekday FromTmWday(int tm_wday) {
+  switch (tm_wday) {
+    case 0:
+      return weekday::sunday;
+    case 1:
+      return weekday::monday;
+    case 2:
+      return weekday::tuesday;
+    case 3:
+      return weekday::wednesday;
+    case 4:
+      return weekday::thursday;
+    case 5:
+      return weekday::friday;
+    case 6:
+      return weekday::saturday;
+  }
+  return weekday::sunday; /*NOTREACHED*/
+}
+
 std::tm ToTM(const time_zone::absolute_lookup& al) {
   std::tm tm{};
   tm.tm_sec = al.cs.second();
@@ -84,34 +126,19 @@ std::tm ToTM(const time_zone::absolute_lookup& al) {
     tm.tm_year = static_cast<int>(al.cs.year() - 1900);
   }
 
-  switch (get_weekday(al.cs)) {
-    case weekday::sunday:
-      tm.tm_wday = 0;
-      break;
-    case weekday::monday:
-      tm.tm_wday = 1;
-      break;
-    case weekday::tuesday:
-      tm.tm_wday = 2;
-      break;
-    case weekday::wednesday:
-      tm.tm_wday = 3;
-      break;
-    case weekday::thursday:
-      tm.tm_wday = 4;
-      break;
-    case weekday::friday:
-      tm.tm_wday = 5;
-      break;
-    case weekday::saturday:
-      tm.tm_wday = 6;
-      break;
-  }
+  tm.tm_wday = ToTmWday(get_weekday(al.cs));
   tm.tm_yday = get_yearday(al.cs) - 1;
   tm.tm_isdst = al.is_dst ? 1 : 0;
   return tm;
 }
 
+// Returns the week of the year [0:53] given a civil day and the day on
+// which weeks are defined to start.
+int ToWeek(const civil_day& cd, weekday week_start) {
+  const civil_day d(cd.year() % 400, cd.month(), cd.day());
+  return static_cast<int>((d - prev_weekday(civil_year(d), week_start)) / 7);
+}
+
 const char kDigits[] = "0123456789";
 
 // Formats a 64-bit integer in the given field width.  Note that it is up
@@ -290,6 +317,7 @@ const std::int_fast64_t kExp10[kDigits10_64 + 1] = {
 //   - %E#S - Seconds with # digits of fractional precision
 //   - %E*S - Seconds with full fractional precision (a literal '*')
 //   - %E4Y - Four-character years (-999 ... -001, 0000, 0001 ... 9999)
+//   - %ET  - The RFC3339 "date-time" separator "T"
 //
 // The standard specifiers from RFC3339_* (%Y, %m, %d, %H, %M, and %S) are
 // handled internally for performance reasons.  strftime(3) is slow due to
@@ -354,7 +382,7 @@ std::string format(const std::string& format, const time_point<seconds>& tp,
     if (cur == end || (cur - percent) % 2 == 0) continue;
 
     // Simple specifiers that we handle ourselves.
-    if (strchr("YmdeHMSzZs%", *cur)) {
+    if (strchr("YmdeUuWwHMSzZs%", *cur)) {
       if (cur - 1 != pending) {
         FormatTM(&result, std::string(pending, cur - 1), tm);
       }
@@ -375,6 +403,22 @@ std::string format(const std::string& format, const time_point<seconds>& tp,
           if (*cur == 'e' && *bp == '0') *bp = ' ';  // for Windows
           result.append(bp, static_cast<std::size_t>(ep - bp));
           break;
+        case 'U':
+          bp = Format02d(ep, ToWeek(civil_day(al.cs), weekday::sunday));
+          result.append(bp, static_cast<std::size_t>(ep - bp));
+          break;
+        case 'u':
+          bp = Format64(ep, 0, tm.tm_wday ? tm.tm_wday : 7);
+          result.append(bp, static_cast<std::size_t>(ep - bp));
+          break;
+        case 'W':
+          bp = Format02d(ep, ToWeek(civil_day(al.cs), weekday::monday));
+          result.append(bp, static_cast<std::size_t>(ep - bp));
+          break;
+        case 'w':
+          bp = Format64(ep, 0, tm.tm_wday);
+          result.append(bp, static_cast<std::size_t>(ep - bp));
+          break;
         case 'H':
           bp = Format02d(ep, al.cs.hour());
           result.append(bp, static_cast<std::size_t>(ep - bp));
@@ -448,7 +492,14 @@ std::string format(const std::string& format, const time_point<seconds>& tp,
     if (*cur != 'E' || ++cur == end) continue;
 
     // Format our extensions.
-    if (*cur == 'z') {
+    if (*cur == 'T') {
+      // Formats %ET.
+      if (cur - 2 != pending) {
+        FormatTM(&result, std::string(pending, cur - 2), tm);
+      }
+      result.append("T");
+      pending = ++cur;
+    } else if (*cur == 'z') {
       // Formats %Ez.
       if (cur - 2 != pending) {
         FormatTM(&result, std::string(pending, cur - 2), tm);
@@ -551,7 +602,7 @@ const char* ParseOffset(const char* dp, const char* mode, int* offset) {
       } else {
         dp = nullptr;
       }
-    } else if (first == 'Z') {  // Zulu
+    } else if (first == 'Z' || first == 'z') {  // Zulu
       *offset = 0;
     } else {
       dp = nullptr;
@@ -602,12 +653,23 @@ const char* ParseTM(const char* dp, const char* fmt, std::tm* tm) {
   return dp;
 }
 
+// Sets year, tm_mon and tm_mday given the year, week_num, and tm_wday,
+// and the day on which weeks are defined to start.
+void FromWeek(int week_num, weekday week_start, year_t* year, std::tm* tm) {
+  const civil_year y(*year % 400);
+  civil_day cd = prev_weekday(y, week_start);  // week 0
+  cd = next_weekday(cd - 1, FromTmWday(tm->tm_wday)) + (week_num * 7);
+  *year += cd.year() - y.year();
+  tm->tm_mon = cd.month() - 1;
+  tm->tm_mday = cd.day();
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 
 // Uses strptime(3) to parse the given input.  Supports the same extended
 // format specifiers as format(), although %E#S and %E*S are treated
 // identically (and similarly for %E#f and %E*f).  %Ez and %E*z also accept
-// the same inputs.
+// the same inputs. %ET accepts either 'T' or 't'.
 //
 // The standard specifiers from RFC3339_* (%Y, %m, %d, %H, %M, and %S) are
 // handled internally so that we can normally avoid strptime() altogether
@@ -651,6 +713,8 @@ bool parse(const std::string& format, const std::string& input,
   const char* fmt = format.c_str();  // NUL terminated
   bool twelve_hour = false;
   bool afternoon = false;
+  int week_num = -1;
+  weekday week_start = weekday::sunday;
 
   bool saw_percent_s = false;
   std::int_fast64_t percent_s = 0;
@@ -689,10 +753,27 @@ bool parse(const std::string& format, const std::string& input,
       case 'm':
         data = ParseInt(data, 2, 1, 12, &tm.tm_mon);
         if (data != nullptr) tm.tm_mon -= 1;
+        week_num = -1;
         continue;
       case 'd':
       case 'e':
         data = ParseInt(data, 2, 1, 31, &tm.tm_mday);
+        week_num = -1;
+        continue;
+      case 'U':
+        data = ParseInt(data, 0, 0, 53, &week_num);
+        week_start = weekday::sunday;
+        continue;
+      case 'W':
+        data = ParseInt(data, 0, 0, 53, &week_num);
+        week_start = weekday::monday;
+        continue;
+      case 'u':
+        data = ParseInt(data, 0, 1, 7, &tm.tm_wday);
+        if (data != nullptr) tm.tm_wday %= 7;
+        continue;
+      case 'w':
+        data = ParseInt(data, 0, 0, 6, &tm.tm_wday);
         continue;
       case 'H':
         data = ParseInt(data, 2, 0, 23, &tm.tm_hour);
@@ -742,6 +823,15 @@ bool parse(const std::string& format, const std::string& input,
         data = (*data == '%' ? data + 1 : nullptr);
         continue;
       case 'E':
+        if (fmt[0] == 'T') {
+          if (*data == 'T' || *data == 't') {
+            ++data;
+            ++fmt;
+          } else {
+            data = nullptr;
+          }
+          continue;
+        }
         if (fmt[0] == 'z' || (fmt[0] == '*' && fmt[1] == 'z')) {
           data = ParseOffset(data, ":", &offset);
           if (data != nullptr) saw_offset = true;
@@ -874,6 +964,9 @@ bool parse(const std::string& format, const std::string& input,
     year += 1900;
   }
 
+  // Compute year, tm.tm_mon and tm.tm_mday if we parsed a week number.
+  if (week_num != -1) FromWeek(week_num, week_start, &year, &tm);
+
   const int month = tm.tm_mon + 1;
   civil_second cs(year, month, tm.tm_mday, tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min, tm.tm_sec);
 
diff --git a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format_test.cc b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format_test.cc
index 87382e156dba..e625a839fa30 100644
--- a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format_test.cc
+++ b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format_test.cc
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ namespace {
     EXPECT_STREQ(zone, al.abbr);                                  \
   } while (0)
 
-const char RFC3339_full[] = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%E*S%Ez";
-const char RFC3339_sec[] = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%Ez";
+const char RFC3339_full[] = "%Y-%m-%d%ET%H:%M:%E*S%Ez";
+const char RFC3339_sec[] = "%Y-%m-%d%ET%H:%M:%S%Ez";
 
 const char RFC1123_full[] = "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z";
 const char RFC1123_no_wday[] = "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z";
@@ -679,6 +679,34 @@ TEST(Format, RFC1123Format) {  // locale specific
   EXPECT_EQ("28 Jun 1977 09:08:07 -0700", format(RFC1123_no_wday, tp, tz));
 }
 
+TEST(Format, Week) {
+  const time_zone utc = utc_time_zone();
+
+  auto tp = convert(civil_second(2017, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc);
+  EXPECT_EQ("2017-01-7", format("%Y-%U-%u", tp, utc));
+  EXPECT_EQ("2017-00-0", format("%Y-%W-%w", tp, utc));
+
+  tp = convert(civil_second(2017, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0), utc);
+  EXPECT_EQ("2017-53-7", format("%Y-%U-%u", tp, utc));
+  EXPECT_EQ("2017-52-0", format("%Y-%W-%w", tp, utc));
+
+  tp = convert(civil_second(2018, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc);
+  EXPECT_EQ("2018-00-1", format("%Y-%U-%u", tp, utc));
+  EXPECT_EQ("2018-01-1", format("%Y-%W-%w", tp, utc));
+
+  tp = convert(civil_second(2018, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0), utc);
+  EXPECT_EQ("2018-52-1", format("%Y-%U-%u", tp, utc));
+  EXPECT_EQ("2018-53-1", format("%Y-%W-%w", tp, utc));
+
+  tp = convert(civil_second(2019, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc);
+  EXPECT_EQ("2019-00-2", format("%Y-%U-%u", tp, utc));
+  EXPECT_EQ("2019-00-2", format("%Y-%W-%w", tp, utc));
+
+  tp = convert(civil_second(2019, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0), utc);
+  EXPECT_EQ("2019-52-2", format("%Y-%U-%u", tp, utc));
+  EXPECT_EQ("2019-52-2", format("%Y-%W-%w", tp, utc));
+}
+
 //
 // Testing parse()
 //
@@ -1379,10 +1407,80 @@ TEST(Parse, RFC3339Format) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(parse(RFC3339_sec, "2014-02-12T20:21:00+00:00", tz, &tp));
   ExpectTime(tp, tz, 2014, 2, 12, 20, 21, 0, 0, false, "UTC");
 
-  // Check that %Ez also accepts "Z" as a synonym for "+00:00".
+  // Check that %ET also accepts "t".
   time_point<chrono::nanoseconds> tp2;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse(RFC3339_sec, "2014-02-12T20:21:00Z", tz, &tp2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse(RFC3339_sec, "2014-02-12t20:21:00+00:00", tz, &tp2));
   EXPECT_EQ(tp, tp2);
+
+  // Check that %Ez also accepts "Z" as a synonym for "+00:00".
+  time_point<chrono::nanoseconds> tp3;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse(RFC3339_sec, "2014-02-12T20:21:00Z", tz, &tp3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tp, tp3);
+
+  // Check that %Ez also accepts "z" as a synonym for "+00:00".
+  time_point<chrono::nanoseconds> tp4;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse(RFC3339_sec, "2014-02-12T20:21:00z", tz, &tp4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tp, tp4);
+}
+
+TEST(Parse, Week) {
+  const time_zone utc = utc_time_zone();
+  time_point<absl::time_internal::cctz::seconds> tp;
+
+  auto exp = convert(civil_second(2017, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%U-%u", "2017-01-7", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%W-%w", "2017-00-0", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
+
+  exp = convert(civil_second(2017, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0), utc);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%U-%u", "2017-53-7", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%W-%w", "2017-52-0", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
+
+  exp = convert(civil_second(2018, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%U-%u", "2018-00-1", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%W-%w", "2018-01-1", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
+
+  exp = convert(civil_second(2018, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0), utc);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%U-%u", "2018-52-1", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%W-%w", "2018-53-1", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
+
+  exp = convert(civil_second(2019, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%U-%u", "2019-00-2", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%W-%w", "2019-00-2", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
+
+  exp = convert(civil_second(2019, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0), utc);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%U-%u", "2019-52-2", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%W-%w", "2019-52-2", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
+}
+
+TEST(Parse, WeekYearShift) {
+  // %U/%W conversions with week values in {0, 52, 53} can slip
+  // into the previous/following calendar years.
+  const time_zone utc = utc_time_zone();
+  time_point<absl::time_internal::cctz::seconds> tp;
+
+  auto exp = convert(civil_second(2019, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0), utc);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%U-%u", "2020-00-2", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%W-%w", "2020-00-2", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
+
+  exp = convert(civil_second(2021, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%U-%u", "2020-52-5", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Y-%W-%w", "2020-52-5", utc, &tp));
+  EXPECT_EQ(exp, tp);
 }
 
 TEST(Parse, MaxRange) {
diff --git a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_impl.cc b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_impl.cc
index 030ae0e19e07..f34e3aec84d6 100644
--- a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_impl.cc
+++ b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_impl.cc
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "time_zone_impl.h"
 
 #include <deque>
+#include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
@@ -48,17 +49,16 @@ std::mutex& TimeZoneMutex() {
 time_zone time_zone::Impl::UTC() { return time_zone(UTCImpl()); }
 
 bool time_zone::Impl::LoadTimeZone(const std::string& name, time_zone* tz) {
-  const time_zone::Impl* const utc_impl = UTCImpl();
+  const Impl* const utc_impl = UTCImpl();
 
-  // First check for UTC (which is never a key in time_zone_map).
+  // Check for UTC (which is never a key in time_zone_map).
   auto offset = seconds::zero();
   if (FixedOffsetFromName(name, &offset) && offset == seconds::zero()) {
     *tz = time_zone(utc_impl);
     return true;
   }
 
-  // Then check, under a shared lock, whether the time zone has already
-  // been loaded. This is the common path. TODO: Move to shared_mutex.
+  // Check whether the time zone has already been loaded.
   {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(TimeZoneMutex());
     if (time_zone_map != nullptr) {
@@ -70,20 +70,15 @@ bool time_zone::Impl::LoadTimeZone(const std::string& name, time_zone* tz) {
     }
   }
 
-  // Now check again, under an exclusive lock.
+  // Load the new time zone (outside the lock).
+  std::unique_ptr<const Impl> new_impl(new Impl(name));
+
+  // Add the new time zone to the map.
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(TimeZoneMutex());
   if (time_zone_map == nullptr) time_zone_map = new TimeZoneImplByName;
   const Impl*& impl = (*time_zone_map)[name];
-  if (impl == nullptr) {
-    // The first thread in loads the new time zone.
-    Impl* new_impl = new Impl(name);
-    new_impl->zone_ = TimeZoneIf::Load(new_impl->name_);
-    if (new_impl->zone_ == nullptr) {
-      delete new_impl;  // free the nascent Impl
-      impl = utc_impl;  // and fallback to UTC
-    } else {
-      impl = new_impl;  // install new time zone
-    }
+  if (impl == nullptr) {  // this thread won any load race
+    impl = new_impl->zone_ ? new_impl.release() : utc_impl;
   }
   *tz = time_zone(impl);
   return impl != utc_impl;
@@ -104,14 +99,11 @@ void time_zone::Impl::ClearTimeZoneMapTestOnly() {
   }
 }
 
-time_zone::Impl::Impl(const std::string& name) : name_(name) {}
+time_zone::Impl::Impl(const std::string& name)
+    : name_(name), zone_(TimeZoneIf::Load(name_)) {}
 
 const time_zone::Impl* time_zone::Impl::UTCImpl() {
-  static Impl* utc_impl = [] {
-    Impl* impl = new Impl("UTC");
-    impl->zone_ = TimeZoneIf::Load(impl->name_);  // never fails
-    return impl;
-  }();
+  static const Impl* utc_impl = new Impl("UTC");  // never fails
   return utc_impl;
 }
 
diff --git a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_lookup_test.cc b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_lookup_test.cc
index 0b0c1a3b72c6..8f7ab154fade 100644
--- a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_lookup_test.cc
+++ b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_lookup_test.cc
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ TEST(MakeTime, Normalization) {
 
 // NOTE: Run this with -ftrapv to detect overflow problems.
 TEST(MakeTime, SysSecondsLimits) {
-  const char RFC3339[] = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%Ez";
+  const char RFC3339[] = "%Y-%m-%d%ET%H:%M:%S%Ez";
   const time_zone utc = utc_time_zone();
   const time_zone east = fixed_time_zone(chrono::hours(14));
   const time_zone west = fixed_time_zone(-chrono::hours(14));
diff --git a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/zone_info_source.cc b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/zone_info_source.cc
index 98ea16126782..72095339c3c1 100644
--- a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/zone_info_source.cc
+++ b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/zone_info_source.cc
@@ -83,7 +83,8 @@ ZoneInfoSourceFactory default_factory = DefaultFactory;
     "@@U?$default_delete@VZoneInfoSource@cctz@time_internal@" ABSL_INTERNAL_MANGLED_NS                                   \
     "@@@std@@@std@@ABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@2@@Z@" ABSL_INTERNAL_MANGLED_BACKREFERENCE \
     "@@ZA")
-#elif defined(_M_IA_64) || defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM64)
+#elif defined(_M_IA_64) || defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM) || \
+    defined(_M_ARM64)
 #pragma comment(                                                                                                          \
     linker,                                                                                                               \
     "/alternatename:?zone_info_source_factory@cctz_extension@time_internal@" ABSL_INTERNAL_MANGLED_NS                     \
diff --git a/absl/time/time.h b/absl/time/time.h
index b456a13e8505..37f6131dd882 100644
--- a/absl/time/time.h
+++ b/absl/time/time.h
@@ -1203,18 +1203,15 @@ struct tm ToTM(Time t, TimeZone tz);
 // time with UTC offset.  Also note the use of "%Y": RFC3339 mandates that
 // years have exactly four digits, but we allow them to take their natural
 // width.
-ABSL_DLL extern const char
-    RFC3339_full[];  // %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%E*S%Ez
-ABSL_DLL extern const char RFC3339_sec[];  // %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%Ez
+ABSL_DLL extern const char RFC3339_full[];  // %Y-%m-%d%ET%H:%M:%E*S%Ez
+ABSL_DLL extern const char RFC3339_sec[];   // %Y-%m-%d%ET%H:%M:%S%Ez
 
 // RFC1123_full
 // RFC1123_no_wday
 //
 // FormatTime()/ParseTime() format specifiers for RFC1123 date/time strings.
-ABSL_DLL extern const char
-    RFC1123_full[];  // %a, %d %b %E4Y %H:%M:%S %z
-ABSL_DLL extern const char
-    RFC1123_no_wday[];  // %d %b %E4Y %H:%M:%S %z
+ABSL_DLL extern const char RFC1123_full[];     // %a, %d %b %E4Y %H:%M:%S %z
+ABSL_DLL extern const char RFC1123_no_wday[];  // %d %b %E4Y %H:%M:%S %z
 
 // FormatTime()
 //
@@ -1229,6 +1226,7 @@ ABSL_DLL extern const char
 //   - %E#f - Fractional seconds with # digits of precision
 //   - %E*f - Fractional seconds with full precision (a literal '*')
 //   - %E4Y - Four-character years (-999 ... -001, 0000, 0001 ... 9999)
+//   - %ET  - The RFC3339 "date-time" separator "T"
 //
 // Note that %E0S behaves like %S, and %E0f produces no characters.  In
 // contrast %E*f always produces at least one digit, which may be '0'.
@@ -1271,7 +1269,8 @@ inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, Time t) {
 // returns the corresponding `absl::Time`. Uses strftime()-like formatting
 // options, with the same extensions as FormatTime(), but with the
 // exceptions that %E#S is interpreted as %E*S, and %E#f as %E*f.  %Ez
-// and %E*z also accept the same inputs.
+// and %E*z also accept the same inputs, which (along with %z) includes
+// 'z' and 'Z' as synonyms for +00:00.  %ET accepts either 'T' or 't'.
 //
 // %Y consumes as many numeric characters as it can, so the matching data
 // should always be terminated with a non-numeric.  %E4Y always consumes
diff --git a/absl/types/span.h b/absl/types/span.h
index 734db695e3f3..4e450fc95b86 100644
--- a/absl/types/span.h
+++ b/absl/types/span.h
@@ -27,22 +27,17 @@
 // `Span<const T>` when such types may be difficult to identify due to issues
 // with implicit conversion.
 //
-// The C++ standards committee currently has a proposal for a `std::span` type,
-// (http://wg21.link/p0122), which is not yet part of the standard (though may
-// become part of C++20). As of August 2017, the differences between
-// `absl::Span` and this proposal are:
-//    * `absl::Span` uses `size_t` for `size_type`
-//    * `absl::Span` has no `operator()`
-//    * `absl::Span` has no constructors for `std::unique_ptr` or
-//      `std::shared_ptr`
+// The C++20 draft standard includes a `std::span` type. As of June 2020, the
+// differences between `absl::Span` and `std::span` are:
+//    * `absl::Span` has `operator==` (which is likely a design bug,
+//       per https://abseil.io/blog/20180531-regular-types)
 //    * `absl::Span` has the factory functions `MakeSpan()` and
 //      `MakeConstSpan()`
-//    * `absl::Span` has `front()` and `back()` methods
 //    * bounds-checked access to `absl::Span` is accomplished with `at()`
 //    * `absl::Span` has compiler-provided move and copy constructors and
 //      assignment. This is due to them being specified as `constexpr`, but that
 //      implies const in C++11.
-//    * `absl::Span` has no `element_type` or `index_type` typedefs
+//    * `absl::Span` has no `element_type` typedef
 //    * A read-only `absl::Span<const T>` can be implicitly constructed from an
 //      initializer list.
 //    * `absl::Span` has no `bytes()`, `size_bytes()`, `as_bytes()`, or