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diff --git a/absl/strings/str_cat.cc b/absl/strings/str_cat.cc
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+// Copyright 2017 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
+
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "absl/strings/ascii.h"
+#include "absl/strings/internal/resize_uninitialized.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+
+AlphaNum::AlphaNum(Hex hex) {
+  char* const end = &digits_[numbers_internal::kFastToBufferSize];
+  char* writer = end;
+  uint64_t value = hex.value;
+  static const char hexdigits[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+  do {
+    *--writer = hexdigits[value & 0xF];
+    value >>= 4;
+  } while (value != 0);
+
+  char* beg;
+  if (end - writer < hex.width) {
+    beg = end - hex.width;
+    std::fill_n(beg, writer - beg, hex.fill);
+  } else {
+    beg = writer;
+  }
+
+  piece_ = absl::string_view(beg, end - beg);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// StrCat()
+//    This merges the given strings or integers, with no delimiter.  This
+//    is designed to be the fastest possible way to construct a std::string out
+//    of a mix of raw C strings, StringPieces, strings, and integer values.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Append is merely a version of memcpy that returns the address of the byte
+// after the area just overwritten.
+static char* Append(char* out, const AlphaNum& x) {
+  // memcpy is allowed to overwrite arbitrary memory, so doing this after the
+  // call would force an extra fetch of x.size().
+  char* after = out + x.size();
+  memcpy(out, x.data(), x.size());
+  return after;
+}
+
+std::string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b) {
+  std::string result;
+  absl::strings_internal::STLStringResizeUninitialized(&result,
+                                                       a.size() + b.size());
+  char* const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char* out = begin;
+  out = Append(out, a);
+  out = Append(out, b);
+  assert(out == begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b, const AlphaNum& c) {
+  std::string result;
+  strings_internal::STLStringResizeUninitialized(
+      &result, a.size() + b.size() + c.size());
+  char* const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char* out = begin;
+  out = Append(out, a);
+  out = Append(out, b);
+  out = Append(out, c);
+  assert(out == begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b, const AlphaNum& c,
+              const AlphaNum& d) {
+  std::string result;
+  strings_internal::STLStringResizeUninitialized(
+      &result, a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size());
+  char* const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char* out = begin;
+  out = Append(out, a);
+  out = Append(out, b);
+  out = Append(out, c);
+  out = Append(out, d);
+  assert(out == begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+namespace strings_internal {
+
+// Do not call directly - these are not part of the public API.
+std::string CatPieces(std::initializer_list<absl::string_view> pieces) {
+  std::string result;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+  for (const absl::string_view piece : pieces) total_size += piece.size();
+  strings_internal::STLStringResizeUninitialized(&result, total_size);
+
+  char* const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char* out = begin;
+  for (const absl::string_view piece : pieces) {
+    const size_t this_size = piece.size();
+    memcpy(out, piece.data(), this_size);
+    out += this_size;
+  }
+  assert(out == begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+// It's possible to call StrAppend with an absl::string_view that is itself a
+// fragment of the std::string we're appending to.  However the results of this are
+// random. Therefore, check for this in debug mode.  Use unsigned math so we
+// only have to do one comparison. Note, there's an exception case: appending an
+// empty std::string is always allowed.
+#define ASSERT_NO_OVERLAP(dest, src) \
+  assert(((src).size() == 0) ||      \
+         (uintptr_t((src).data() - (dest).data()) > uintptr_t((dest).size())))
+
+void AppendPieces(std::string* dest,
+                  std::initializer_list<absl::string_view> pieces) {
+  size_t old_size = dest->size();
+  size_t total_size = old_size;
+  for (const absl::string_view piece : pieces) {
+    ASSERT_NO_OVERLAP(*dest, piece);
+    total_size += piece.size();
+  }
+  strings_internal::STLStringResizeUninitialized(dest, total_size);
+
+  char* const begin = &*dest->begin();
+  char* out = begin + old_size;
+  for (const absl::string_view piece : pieces) {
+    const size_t this_size = piece.size();
+    memcpy(out, piece.data(), this_size);
+    out += this_size;
+  }
+  assert(out == begin + dest->size());
+}
+
+}  // namespace strings_internal
+
+void StrAppend(std::string* dest, const AlphaNum& a) {
+  ASSERT_NO_OVERLAP(*dest, a);
+  dest->append(a.data(), a.size());
+}
+
+void StrAppend(std::string* dest, const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b) {
+  ASSERT_NO_OVERLAP(*dest, a);
+  ASSERT_NO_OVERLAP(*dest, b);
+  std::string::size_type old_size = dest->size();
+  strings_internal::STLStringResizeUninitialized(
+      dest, old_size + a.size() + b.size());
+  char* const begin = &*dest->begin();
+  char* out = begin + old_size;
+  out = Append(out, a);
+  out = Append(out, b);
+  assert(out == begin + dest->size());
+}
+
+void StrAppend(std::string* dest, const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+               const AlphaNum& c) {
+  ASSERT_NO_OVERLAP(*dest, a);
+  ASSERT_NO_OVERLAP(*dest, b);
+  ASSERT_NO_OVERLAP(*dest, c);
+  std::string::size_type old_size = dest->size();
+  strings_internal::STLStringResizeUninitialized(
+      dest, old_size + a.size() + b.size() + c.size());
+  char* const begin = &*dest->begin();
+  char* out = begin + old_size;
+  out = Append(out, a);
+  out = Append(out, b);
+  out = Append(out, c);
+  assert(out == begin + dest->size());
+}
+
+void StrAppend(std::string* dest, const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+               const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d) {
+  ASSERT_NO_OVERLAP(*dest, a);
+  ASSERT_NO_OVERLAP(*dest, b);
+  ASSERT_NO_OVERLAP(*dest, c);
+  ASSERT_NO_OVERLAP(*dest, d);
+  std::string::size_type old_size = dest->size();
+  strings_internal::STLStringResizeUninitialized(
+      dest, old_size + a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size());
+  char* const begin = &*dest->begin();
+  char* out = begin + old_size;
+  out = Append(out, a);
+  out = Append(out, b);
+  out = Append(out, c);
+  out = Append(out, d);
+  assert(out == begin + dest->size());
+}
+
+}  // namespace absl