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diff --git a/absl/strings/internal/str_format/extension.h b/absl/strings/internal/str_format/extension.h
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+//
+// Copyright 2017 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+//
+#ifndef ABSL_STRINGS_INTERNAL_STR_FORMAT_EXTENSION_H_
+#define ABSL_STRINGS_INTERNAL_STR_FORMAT_EXTENSION_H_
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "absl/base/port.h"
+#include "absl/strings/internal/str_format/output.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+
+class Cord;
+
+namespace absl {
+
+namespace str_format_internal {
+
+class FormatRawSinkImpl {
+ public:
+  // Implicitly convert from any type that provides the hook function as
+  // described above.
+  template <typename T, decltype(str_format_internal::InvokeFlush(
+                            std::declval<T*>(), string_view()))* = nullptr>
+  FormatRawSinkImpl(T* raw)  // NOLINT
+      : sink_(raw), write_(&FormatRawSinkImpl::Flush<T>) {}
+
+  void Write(string_view s) { write_(sink_, s); }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  static FormatRawSinkImpl Extract(T s) {
+    return s.sink_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename T>
+  static void Flush(void* r, string_view s) {
+    str_format_internal::InvokeFlush(static_cast<T*>(r), s);
+  }
+
+  void* sink_;
+  void (*write_)(void*, string_view);
+};
+
+// An abstraction to which conversions write their std::string data.
+class FormatSinkImpl {
+ public:
+  explicit FormatSinkImpl(FormatRawSinkImpl raw) : raw_(raw) {}
+
+  ~FormatSinkImpl() { Flush(); }
+
+  void Flush() {
+    raw_.Write(string_view(buf_, pos_ - buf_));
+    pos_ = buf_;
+  }
+
+  void Append(size_t n, char c) {
+    if (n == 0) return;
+    size_ += n;
+    auto raw_append = [&](size_t count) {
+      memset(pos_, c, count);
+      pos_ += count;
+    };
+    while (n > Avail()) {
+      n -= Avail();
+      if (Avail() > 0) {
+        raw_append(Avail());
+      }
+      Flush();
+    }
+    raw_append(n);
+  }
+
+  void Append(string_view v) {
+    size_t n = v.size();
+    if (n == 0) return;
+    size_ += n;
+    if (n >= Avail()) {
+      Flush();
+      raw_.Write(v);
+      return;
+    }
+    memcpy(pos_, v.data(), n);
+    pos_ += n;
+  }
+
+  size_t size() const { return size_; }
+
+  // Put 'v' to 'sink' with specified width, precision, and left flag.
+  bool PutPaddedString(string_view v, int w, int p, bool l);
+
+  template <typename T>
+  T Wrap() {
+    return T(this);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  static FormatSinkImpl* Extract(T* s) {
+    return s->sink_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  size_t Avail() const { return buf_ + sizeof(buf_) - pos_; }
+
+  FormatRawSinkImpl raw_;
+  size_t size_ = 0;
+  char* pos_ = buf_;
+  char buf_[1024];
+};
+
+struct Flags {
+  bool basic : 1;     // fastest conversion: no flags, width, or precision
+  bool left : 1;      // "-"
+  bool show_pos : 1;  // "+"
+  bool sign_col : 1;  // " "
+  bool alt : 1;       // "#"
+  bool zero : 1;      // "0"
+  std::string ToString() const;
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Flags& v) {
+    return os << v.ToString();
+  }
+};
+
+struct LengthMod {
+ public:
+  enum Id : uint8_t {
+    h, hh, l, ll, L, j, z, t, q, none
+  };
+  static const size_t kNumValues = none + 1;
+
+  LengthMod() : id_(none) {}
+
+  // Index into the opaque array of LengthMod enums.
+  // Requires: i < kNumValues
+  static LengthMod FromIndex(size_t i) {
+    return LengthMod(kSpecs[i].value);
+  }
+
+  static LengthMod FromId(Id id) { return LengthMod(id); }
+
+  // The length modifier std::string associated with a specified LengthMod.
+  string_view name() const {
+    const Spec& spec = kSpecs[id_];
+    return {spec.name, spec.name_length};
+  }
+
+  Id id() const { return id_; }
+
+  friend bool operator==(const LengthMod& a, const LengthMod& b) {
+    return a.id() == b.id();
+  }
+  friend bool operator!=(const LengthMod& a, const LengthMod& b) {
+    return !(a == b);
+  }
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const LengthMod& v) {
+    return os << v.name();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  struct Spec {
+    Id value;
+    const char *name;
+    size_t name_length;
+  };
+  static const Spec kSpecs[];
+
+  explicit LengthMod(Id id) : id_(id) {}
+
+  Id id_;
+};
+
+// clang-format off
+#define ABSL_CONVERSION_CHARS_EXPAND_(X_VAL, X_SEP) \
+  /* text */ \
+  X_VAL(c) X_SEP X_VAL(C) X_SEP X_VAL(s) X_SEP X_VAL(S) X_SEP \
+  /* ints */ \
+  X_VAL(d) X_SEP X_VAL(i) X_SEP X_VAL(o) X_SEP \
+  X_VAL(u) X_SEP X_VAL(x) X_SEP X_VAL(X) X_SEP \
+  /* floats */ \
+  X_VAL(f) X_SEP X_VAL(F) X_SEP X_VAL(e) X_SEP X_VAL(E) X_SEP \
+  X_VAL(g) X_SEP X_VAL(G) X_SEP X_VAL(a) X_SEP X_VAL(A) X_SEP \
+  /* misc */ \
+  X_VAL(n) X_SEP X_VAL(p)
+// clang-format on
+
+struct ConversionChar {
+ public:
+  enum Id : uint8_t {
+    c, C, s, S,              // text
+    d, i, o, u, x, X,        // int
+    f, F, e, E, g, G, a, A,  // float
+    n, p,                    // misc
+    none
+  };
+  static const size_t kNumValues = none + 1;
+
+  ConversionChar() : id_(none) {}
+
+ public:
+  // Index into the opaque array of ConversionChar enums.
+  // Requires: i < kNumValues
+  static ConversionChar FromIndex(size_t i) {
+    return ConversionChar(kSpecs[i].value);
+  }
+
+  static ConversionChar FromChar(char c) {
+    ConversionChar::Id out_id = ConversionChar::none;
+    switch (c) {
+#define X_VAL(id)                \
+  case #id[0]:                   \
+    out_id = ConversionChar::id; \
+    break;
+      ABSL_CONVERSION_CHARS_EXPAND_(X_VAL, )
+#undef X_VAL
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+    return ConversionChar(out_id);
+  }
+
+  static ConversionChar FromId(Id id) { return ConversionChar(id); }
+  Id id() const { return id_; }
+
+  int radix() const {
+    switch (id()) {
+      case x: case X: case a: case A: case p: return 16;
+      case o: return 8;
+      default: return 10;
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool upper() const {
+    switch (id()) {
+      case X: case F: case E: case G: case A: return true;
+      default: return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool is_signed() const {
+    switch (id()) {
+      case d: case i: return true;
+      default: return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool is_integral() const {
+    switch (id()) {
+      case d: case i: case u: case o: case x: case X:
+        return true;
+      default: return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool is_float() const {
+    switch (id()) {
+      case a: case e: case f: case g: case A: case E: case F: case G:
+        return true;
+      default: return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool IsValid() const { return id() != none; }
+
+  // The associated char.
+  char Char() const { return kSpecs[id_].name; }
+
+  friend bool operator==(const ConversionChar& a, const ConversionChar& b) {
+    return a.id() == b.id();
+  }
+  friend bool operator!=(const ConversionChar& a, const ConversionChar& b) {
+    return !(a == b);
+  }
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const ConversionChar& v) {
+    char c = v.Char();
+    if (!c) c = '?';
+    return os << c;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  struct Spec {
+    Id value;
+    char name;
+  };
+  static const Spec kSpecs[];
+
+  explicit ConversionChar(Id id) : id_(id) {}
+
+  Id id_;
+};
+
+class ConversionSpec {
+ public:
+  Flags flags() const { return flags_; }
+  LengthMod length_mod() const { return length_mod_; }
+  ConversionChar conv() const { return conv_; }
+
+  // Returns the specified width. If width is unspecfied, it returns a negative
+  // value.
+  int width() const { return width_; }
+  // Returns the specified precision. If precision is unspecfied, it returns a
+  // negative value.
+  int precision() const { return precision_; }
+
+  void set_flags(Flags f) { flags_ = f; }
+  void set_length_mod(LengthMod lm) { length_mod_ = lm; }
+  void set_conv(ConversionChar c) { conv_ = c; }
+  void set_width(int w) { width_ = w; }
+  void set_precision(int p) { precision_ = p; }
+  void set_left(bool b) { flags_.left = b; }
+
+ private:
+  Flags flags_;
+  LengthMod length_mod_;
+  ConversionChar conv_;
+  int width_;
+  int precision_;
+};
+
+constexpr uint64_t ConversionCharToConvValue(char conv) {
+  return
+#define CONV_SET_CASE(c) \
+  conv == #c[0] ? (uint64_t{1} << (1 + ConversionChar::Id::c)):
+      ABSL_CONVERSION_CHARS_EXPAND_(CONV_SET_CASE, )
+#undef CONV_SET_CASE
+                  conv == '*'
+          ? 1
+          : 0;
+}
+
+enum class Conv : uint64_t {
+#define CONV_SET_CASE(c) c = ConversionCharToConvValue(#c[0]),
+  ABSL_CONVERSION_CHARS_EXPAND_(CONV_SET_CASE, )
+#undef CONV_SET_CASE
+
+  // Used for width/precision '*' specification.
+  star = ConversionCharToConvValue('*'),
+
+  // Some predefined values:
+  integral = d | i | u | o | x | X,
+  floating = a | e | f | g | A | E | F | G,
+  numeric = integral | floating,
+  string = s,  // absl:ignore(std::string)
+  pointer = p
+};
+
+// Type safe OR operator.
+// We need this for two reasons:
+//  1. operator| on enums makes them decay to integers and the result is an
+//     integer. We need the result to stay as an enum.
+//  2. We use "enum class" which would not work even if we accepted the decay.
+constexpr Conv operator|(Conv a, Conv b) {
+  return Conv(static_cast<uint64_t>(a) | static_cast<uint64_t>(b));
+}
+
+// Get a conversion with a single character in it.
+constexpr Conv ConversionCharToConv(char c) {
+  return Conv(ConversionCharToConvValue(c));
+}
+
+// Checks whether `c` exists in `set`.
+constexpr bool Contains(Conv set, char c) {
+  return (static_cast<uint64_t>(set) & ConversionCharToConvValue(c)) != 0;
+}
+
+// Checks whether all the characters in `c` are contained in `set`
+constexpr bool Contains(Conv set, Conv c) {
+  return (static_cast<uint64_t>(set) & static_cast<uint64_t>(c)) ==
+         static_cast<uint64_t>(c);
+}
+
+// Return type of the AbslFormatConvert() functions.
+// The Conv template parameter is used to inform the framework of what
+// conversion characters are supported by that AbslFormatConvert routine.
+template <Conv C>
+struct ConvertResult {
+  static constexpr Conv kConv = C;
+  bool value;
+};
+template <Conv C>
+constexpr Conv ConvertResult<C>::kConv;
+
+// Return capacity - used, clipped to a minimum of 0.
+inline size_t Excess(size_t used, size_t capacity) {
+  return used < capacity ? capacity - used : 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace str_format_internal
+
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_STRINGS_STR_FORMAT_EXTENSION_H_