chore(tazjin): Move //web/blog & //web/homepage to my userdir r/1087

Change-Id: I96a2620ffb1d9e98a1d8ce7d97f2c4f58c2dbfd3
Reviewed-on: https://cl.tvl.fyi/c/depot/+/603
Reviewed-by: tazjin <mail@tazj.in>

8 files changed, 0 insertions, 1191 deletions

diff --git a/web/blog/posts/best-tools.md b/web/blog/posts/best-tools.md
deleted file mode 100644
index e4bad8f4cd07..000000000000
--- a/web/blog/posts/best-tools.md
+++ /dev/null
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-In the spirit of various other "Which X do you use?"-pages I thought it would be
-fun to have a little post here that describes which tools I've found to work
-well for myself.
-
-When I say "tools" here, it's not about software - it's about real, physical
-tools!
-
-If something goes on this list that's because I think it's seriously a
-best-in-class type of product.
-
-<!-- markdown-toc start - Don't edit this section. Run M-x markdown-toc-refresh-toc -->
-- [Media & Tech](#media--tech)
-    - [Keyboard](#keyboard)
-    - [Speakers](#speakers)
-    - [Headphones](#headphones)
-        - [Earphones](#earphones)
-    - [Phone](#phone)
-- [Other stuff](#other-stuff)
-    - [Toothbrush](#toothbrush)
-    - [Shavers](#shavers)
-    - [Shoulder bag](#shoulder-bag)
-    - [Wallet](#wallet)
-<!-- markdown-toc end -->
-
----------
-
-# Media & Tech
-
-## Keyboard
-
-The best keyboard that money will buy you at the moment is the [Kinesis
-Advantage][advantage]. There's a variety of contoured & similarly shaped
-keyboards on the market, but the Kinesis is the only one I've tried that has
-properly implemented the keywell concept.
-
-I struggle with RSI issues and the Kinesis actually makes it possible for me to
-type for longer periods of time, which always leads to extra discomfort on
-laptop keyboards and such.
-
-Honestly, the Kinesis is probably the best piece of equipment on this entire
-list. I own several of them and there will probably be more in the future. They
-last forever and your wrists will thank you in the future, even if you do not
-suffer from RSI yet.
-
-[advantage]: https://kinesis-ergo.com/shop/advantage2/
-
-## Speakers
-
-The speakers that I've hooked up to my audio setup (including both record player
-& Chromecast / TV) are the [Teufel Motiv 2][motiv-2]. I've had these for over a
-decade and they're incredibly good, but unfortunately Teufel no longer makes
-them.
-
-It's possible to grab a pair on eBay occasionally, so keep an eye out if you're
-interested!
-
-[motiv-2]: https://www.teufelaudio.com/uk/pc/motiv-2-p167.html
-
-## Headphones
-
-I use the [Bose QC35][qc35] (note: link goes to a newer generation than the one
-I own) for their outstanding noise cancelling functionality and decent sound.
-
-When I first bought them I didn't expect them to end up on this list as the
-firmware had issues that made them only barely usable, but Bose has managed to
-iron these problems out over time.
-
-I avoid using Bluetooth when outside and fortunately the QC35 come with an
-optional cable that you can plug into any good old 3.5mm jack.
-
-[qc35]: https://www.bose.co.uk/en_gb/products/headphones/over_ear_headphones/quietcomfort-35-wireless-ii.html
-
-### Earphones
-
-Actually, to follow up on the above - most of the time I'm not using (over-ear)
-headphones, but (in-ear) earphones - specifically the (**wired!!!**) [Apple
-EarPods][earpods].
-
-Apple will probably stop selling these soon because they've gotten into the
-habit of cancelling all of their good products, so I have a stash of these
-around. You will usually find no fewer than 3-4 of them lying around in my
-flat.
-
-[earpods]: https://www.apple.com/uk/shop/product/MNHF2ZM/A/earpods-with-35mm-headphone-plug
-
-## Phone
-
-The best phone I have used in recent years is the [iPhone SE][se]. It was the
-*last* phone that had a reasonable size (up to 4") *and* a 3.5mm headphone jack.
-
-Unfortunately, it runs iOS. Despite owning a whole bunch of SEs, I have finally
-moved on to an Android phone that is only moderately larger (still by an
-annoying amount), but does at least have a headphone jack: The [Samsung Galaxy
-S10e][s10e].
-
-It has pretty good hardware and I can almost reach 70% of the screen, which is
-better than other phones out there right now. Unfortunately it runs Samsung's
-impossible-to-remove bloatware on top of Android, but that is still less
-annoying to use than iOS.
-
-QUESTION: This is the only item on this list for which I am actively seeking a
-replacement, so if you have any tips about new phones that might fit these
-criteria that I've missed please let me know!
-
-[se]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone_SE
-[s10e]: https://www.phonearena.com/phones/Samsung-Galaxy-S10e_id11114
-
-# Other stuff
-
-## Toothbrush
-
-The [Philips Sonicare][sonicare] (note: link goes to a newer generation than
-mine) is excellent and well worth its money.
-
-I've had it for a few years and whereas I occasionally had minor teeth issues
-before, they seem to be mostly gone now. According to my dentist the state of my
-teeth is now usually pretty good and I draw a direct correlation back to this
-thing.
-
-The newer generations come with flashy features like apps and probably more
-LEDs, but I suspect that those can just be ignored.
-
-[sonicare]: https://www.philips.co.uk/c-m-pe/electric-toothbrushes
-
-## Shavers
-
-The [Philipps SensoTouch 3D][sensotouch] is excellent. Super-comfortable close
-face shave in no time and leaves absolutely no mess around, as far as I can
-tell! I've had this for ~5 years and it's not showing any signs of aging yet.
-
-Another bonus is that its battery time is effectively infinite. I've never had
-to worry when bringing it on a longer trip!
-
-[sensotouch]: https://www.philips.co.uk/c-p/1250X_40/norelco-sensotouch-3d-wet-and-dry-electric-razor-with-precision-trimmer
-
-## Shoulder bag
-
-When I moved to London I wanted to stop using backpacks most of the time, as
-those are just annoying to deal with when commuting on the tube.
-
-To work around this I wanted a good shoulder bag with a vertical format (to save
-space), but it turned out that there's very few of those around that reach any
-kind of quality standard.
-
-The one I settled on is the [Waterfield Muzetto][muzetto] leather bag. It's one
-of those things that comes with a bit of a price tag attached, but it's well
-worth it!
-
-[muzetto]: https://www.sfbags.com/collections/shoulder-messenger-bags/products/muzetto-leather-bag
-
-## Wallet
-
-My wallet is the [Bellroy Slim Sleeve][slim-sleeve]. I don't carry cash unless
-I'm attending an event in Germany and this wallet fits that lifestyle perfectly.
-
-It's near indestructible, looks great, is very slim and fits a ton of cards,
-business cards, receipts and whatever else you want to be lugging around with
-you!
-
-[slim-sleeve]: https://bellroy.com/products/slim-sleeve-wallet/default/charcoal
diff --git a/web/blog/posts/emacs-is-underrated.md b/web/blog/posts/emacs-is-underrated.md
deleted file mode 100644
index afb8dc889e53..000000000000
--- a/web/blog/posts/emacs-is-underrated.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,233 +0,0 @@
-TIP: Hello, and thanks for offering to review my draft! This post
-intends to convey to people what the point of Emacs is. Not to convert
-them to use it, but at least with opening their minds to the
-possibility that it might contain valuable things. I don't know if I'm
-on track in the right direction, and your input will help me figure it
-out. Thanks!
-
-TODO(tazjin): Restructure sections: Intro -> Introspectability (and
-story) -> text-based UIs (which lead to fluidity, muscle memory across
-programs and "translatability" of workflows) -> Outro. It needs more
-flow!
-
-TODO(tazjin): Highlight more that it's not about editing: People can
-derive useful things from Emacs by just using magit/org/notmuch/etc.!
-
-TODO(tazjin): Note that there's value in trying Emacs even if people
-don't end up using it, similar to how learning languages like Lisp or
-Haskell helps grow as a programmer even without using them day-to-day.
-
-*Real post starts below!*
-
----------
-
-There are two kinds of people: Those who use Emacs, and those who
-think it is a text editor. This post is aimed at those in the second
-category.
-
-Emacs is the most critical piece of software I run. My [Emacs
-configuration][emacs-config] has steadily evolved for almost a decade.
-Emacs is my window manager, mail client, terminal, git client,
-information management system and - perhaps unsurprisingly - text
-editor.
-
-Before going into why I chose to invest so much into this program,
-follow me along on a little thought experiment:
-
-----------
-
-Lets say you use a proprietary spreadsheet program. You find that
-there are features in it that *almost, but not quite* do what you
-want.
-
-What can you do? You can file a feature request to the company that
-makes it and hope they listen, but for the likes of Apple and
-Microsoft chances are they won't and there is nothing you can do.
-
-Let's say you are also running an open-source program for image
-manipulation. You again find that some of its features are subtly
-different from what you would want them to do.
-
-Things look a bit different this time - after all, the program is
-open-source! You can go and fetch its source code, figure out its
-internal structure and wrangle various layers of code into submission
-until you find the piece that implements the functionality you want to
-change. If you know the language it is written in; you can modify the
-feature.
-
-Now all that's left is figuring out its build system[^1], building and
-installing it and moving over to the new version.
-
-Realistically you are not going to do this much in the real world. The
-friction to contributing to projects, especially complex ones, is
-often quite high. For minor inconveniences, you might often find
-yourself just shrugging and working around them.
-
-What if it didn't have to be this way?
-
--------------
-
-One of the core properties of Emacs is that it is *introspective* and
-*self-documenting*.
-
-For example: A few years ago, I had just switched over to using
-[EXWM][], the Emacs X Window Manager. To launch applications I was
-using an Emacs program called Helm that let me select installed
-programs interactively and press <kbd>RET</kbd> to execute them.
-
-This was very useful - until I discovered that if I tried to open a
-second terminal window, it would display an error:
-
-    Error: urxvt is already running
-
-Had this been dmenu, I might have had to go through the whole process
-described above to fix the issue. But it wasn't dmenu - it was an
-Emacs program, and I did the following things:
-
-1. I pressed <kbd>C-h k</kbd>[^2] (which means "please tell me what
-   the following key does"), followed by <kbd>s-d</kbd> (which was my
-   keybinding for launching programs).
-
-2. Emacs displayed a new buffer saying, roughly:
-
-   ```
-   s-d runs the command helm-run-external-command (found in global-map),
-   which is an interactive autoloaded compiled Lisp function in
-   ‘.../helm-external.el’.
-
-   It is bound to s-d.
-   ```
-
-   I clicked on the filename.
-
-3. Emacs opened the file and jumped to the definition of
-   `helm-run-external-command`. After a few seconds of reading through
-   the code, I found this snippet:
-
-   ```lisp
-   (if (get-process proc)
-       (if helm-raise-command
-           (shell-command  (format helm-raise-command real-com))
-         (error "Error: %s is already running" real-com))
-     ;; ... the actual code to launch programs followed below ...
-     )
-   ```
-
-4. I deleted the outer if-expression which implemented the behaviour I
-   didn't want, pressed <kbd>C-M-x</kbd> to reload the code and saved
-   the file.
-
-The whole process took maybe a minute, and the problem was now gone.
-
-Emacs isn't just "open-source", it actively encourages the user to
-modify it, discover what to modify and experiment while it is running.
-
-In some sense it is like the experience of the old Lisp machines, a
-paradigm that we have completely forgotten.
-
----------------
-
-Circling back to my opening statement: If Emacs is not a text editor,
-then what *is* it?
-
-The Emacs website says this:
-
-> [Emacs] is an interpreter for Emacs Lisp, a dialect of the Lisp
-> programming language with extensions to support text editing
-
-The core of Emacs implements the language and the functionality needed
-to evaluate and run it, as well as various primitives for user
-interface construction such as buffers, windows and frames.
-
-Every other feature of Emacs is implemented *in Emacs Lisp*.
-
-The Emacs distribution ships with rudimentary text editing
-functionality (and some language-specific support for the most popular
-languages), but it also brings with it two IRC clients, a Tetris
-implementation, a text-mode web browser, [org-mode][] and many other
-tools.
-
-Outside of the core distribution there is a myriad of available
-programs for Emacs: [magit][] (the famous git porcelain), text-based
-[HTTP clients][], even interactive [Kubernetes frontends][k8s].
-
-What all of these tools have in common is that they use text-based
-user interfaces (UI elements like images are used only sparingly in
-Emacs), and that they can be introspected and composed like everything
-else in Emacs.
-
-If magit does not expose a git flag I need, it's trivial to add. If I
-want a keybinding to jump from a buffer showing me a Kubernetes pod to
-a magit buffer for the source code of the container, it only takes a
-few lines of Emacs Lisp to implement.
-
-As proficiency with Emacs Lisp ramps up, the environment becomes
-malleable like clay and evolves along with the user's taste and needs.
-Muscle memory learned for one program translates seamlessly to others,
-and the overall effect is an improvement in *workflow fluidity* that
-is difficult to overstate.
-
-Also, workflows based on Emacs are *stable*. Moving my window
-management to Emacs has meant that I'm not subject to the whim of some
-third-party developer changing my window layouting features (as they
-often do on MacOS).
-
-To illustrate this: Emacs has development history back to the 1970s,
-continuous git history that survived multiple VCS migrations [since
-1985][first-commit] (that's 22 years before git itself was released!)
-and there is code[^3] implementing interactive functionality that has
-survived unmodified in Emacs *since then*.
-
----------------
-
-Now, what is the point of this post?
-
-I decided to write this after a recent [tweet][] by @IanColdwater (in
-the context of todo-management apps):
-
-> The fact that it's 2020 and the most viable answer to this appears
-> to be Emacs might be the saddest thing I've ever heard
-
-What bothers me is that people see this as *sad*. Emacs being around
-for this long and still being unparalleled for many of the UX
-paradigms implemented by its programs is, in my book, incredible - and
-not sad.
-
-How many other paradigms have survived this long? How many other tools
-still have fervent followers, amazing [developer tooling][] and a
-[vibrant ecosystem][] at this age?
-
-Steve Yegge [said it best][babel][^5]: Emacs has the Quality Without a
-Name.
-
-What I wish you, the reader, should take away from this post is the
-following:
-
-TODO(tazjin): Figure out what people should take away from this post.
-I need to sleep on it. It's something about not dismissing tools just
-because of their age, urging them to explore paradigms that might seem
-unfamiliar and so on. Ideas welcome.
-
----------------
-
-[^1]: Wouldn't it be a joy if every project just used Nix? I digress ...
-[^2]: These are keyboard shortcuts written in [Emacs Key Notation][ekn].
-[^3]: For example, [functionality for online memes][studly] that
-    wouldn't be invented for decades to come!
-[^4]: ... and some things wrong, but that is an issue for a separate post!
-[^5]: And I really *do* urge you to read that post's section on Emacs.
-
-[emacs-config]: https://git.tazj.in/tree/tools/emacs
-[EXWM]: https://github.com/ch11ng/exwm
-[helm]: https://github.com/emacs-helm/helm
-[ekn]: https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/efaq/Basic-keys.html
-[org-mode]: https://orgmode.org/
-[magit]: https://magit.vc
-[HTTP clients]: https://github.com/pashky/restclient.el
-[k8s]: https://github.com/jypma/kubectl
-[first-commit]: http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/emacs.git/commit/?id=ce5584125c44a1a2fbb46e810459c50b227a95e2
-[studly]: http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/emacs.git/commit/?id=47bdd84a0a9d20aab934482a64b84d0db63e7532
-[tweet]: https://twitter.com/IanColdwater/status/1220824466525229056
-[developer tooling]: https://github.com/alphapapa/emacs-package-dev-handbook
-[vibrant ecosystem]: https://github.com/emacs-tw/awesome-emacs
-[babel]: https://sites.google.com/site/steveyegge2/tour-de-babel#TOC-Lisp
diff --git a/web/blog/posts/make-object-t-again.md b/web/blog/posts/make-object-t-again.md
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-A few minutes ago I found myself debugging a strange Java issue related
-to Jackson, one of the most common Java JSON serialization libraries.
-
-The gist of the issue was that a short wrapper using some types from
-[Javaslang](http://www.javaslang.io/) was causing unexpected problems:
-
-```java
-public <T> Try<T> readValue(String json, TypeReference type) {
-  return Try.of(() -> objectMapper.readValue(json, type));
-}
-```
-
-The signature of this function was based on the original Jackson
-`readValue` type signature:
-
-```java
-public <T> T readValue(String content, TypeReference valueTypeRef)
-```
-
-While happily using my wrapper function I suddenly got an unexpected
-error telling me that `Object` is incompatible with the type I was
-asking Jackson to de-serialize, which got me to re-evaluate the above
-type signature again.
-
-Lets look for a second at some code that will *happily compile* if you
-are using Jackson\'s own `readValue`:
-
-```java
-// This shouldn't compile!
-Long l = objectMapper.readValue("\"foo\"", new TypeReference<String>(){});
-```
-
-As you can see there we ask Jackson to decode the JSON into a `String`
-as enclosed in the `TypeReference`, but assign the result to a `Long`.
-And it compiles. And it failes at runtime with
-`java.lang.ClassCastException: java.lang.String cannot be cast to java.lang.Long`.
-Huh?
-
-Looking at the Jackson `readValue` implementation it becomes clear
-what\'s going on here:
-
-```java
-@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
-public <T> T readValue(String content, TypeReference valueTypeRef)
-    throws IOException, JsonParseException, JsonMappingException
-{
-    return (T) _readMapAndClose(/* whatever */);
-}
-```
-
-The function is parameterised over the type `T`, however the only place
-where `T` occurs in the signature is in the parameter declaration and
-the function return type. Java will happily let you use generic
-functions and types without specifying type parameters:
-
-```java
-// Compiles fine!
-final List myList = List.of(1,2,3);
-
-// Type is now myList : List<Object>
-```
-
-Meaning that those parameters default to `Object`. Now in the code above
-Jackson also explicitly casts the return value of its inner function
-call to `T`.
-
-What ends up happening is that Java infers the expected return type from
-the context of the `readValue` and then happily uses the unchecked cast
-to fit that return type. If the type hints of the context aren\'t strong
-enough we simply get `Object` back.
-
-So what\'s the fix for this? It\'s quite simple:
-
-```java
-public <T> T readValue(String content, TypeReference<T> valueTypeRef)
-```
-
-By also making the parameter appear in the `TypeReference` we \"bind\"
-`T` to the type enclosed in the type reference. The cast can then also
-safely be removed.
-
-The cherries on top of this are:
-
-1.  `@SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes" })` explicitly disables a
-    warning that would\'ve caught this
-
-2.  the `readValue` implementation using the less powerful `Class`
-    class to carry the type parameter does this correctly: `public <T>
-    T readValue(String content, Class<T> valueType)`
-
-The big question I have about this is *why* does Jackson do it this way?
-Obviously the warning did not just appear there by chance, so somebody
-must have thought about this?
-
-If anyone knows what the reason is, I\'d be happy to hear from you.
-
-PS: Shoutout to David & Lucia for helping me not lose my sanity over
-this.
diff --git a/web/blog/posts/nixery-layers.md b/web/blog/posts/nixery-layers.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f25ceadce7b..000000000000
--- a/web/blog/posts/nixery-layers.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,272 +0,0 @@
-TIP: This blog post was originally published as a design document for
-[Nixery][] and is not written in the same style
-as other blog posts.
-
-Thanks to my colleagues at Google and various people from the Nix community for
-reviewing this.
-
-------
-
-# Nixery: Improved Layering
-
-**Authors**: tazjin@
-
-**Reviewers**: so...@, en...@, pe...@
-
-**Status**: Implemented
-
-**Last Updated**: 2019-08-10
-
-## Introduction
-
-This document describes a design for an improved image layering method for use
-in Nixery. The algorithm [currently used][grhmc] is designed for a slightly
-different use-case and we can improve upon it by making use of more of the
-available data.
-
-## Background / Motivation
-
-Nixery is a service that uses the [Nix package manager][nix] to build container
-images (for runtimes such as Docker), that are served on-demand via the
-container [registry protocols][]. A demo instance is available at
-[nixery.dev][].
-
-In practice this means users can simply issue a command such as `docker pull
-nixery.dev/shell/git` and receive an image that was built ad-hoc containing a
-shell environment and git.
-
-One of the major advantages of building container images via Nix (as described
-for `buildLayeredImage` in [this blog post][grhmc]) is that the
-content-addressable nature of container image layers can be used to provide more
-efficient caching characteristics (caching based on layer content) than what is
-common with Dockerfiles and other image creation methods (caching based on layer
-creation method).
-
-However, this is constrained by the maximum number of layers supported in an
-image (125). A naive approach such as putting each included package (any
-library, binary, etc.) in its own layer quickly runs into this limitation due to
-the large number of dependencies more complex systems tend to have. In addition,
-users wanting to extend images created by Nixery (e.g. via `FROM nixery.dev/…`)
-share this layer maximum with the created image - limiting extensibility if all
-layers are used up by Nixery.
-
-In theory the layering strategy of `buildLayeredImage` should already provide
-good caching characteristics, but in practice we are seeing many images with
-significantly more packages than the number of layers configured, leading to
-more frequent cache-misses than desired.
-
-The current implementation of `buildLayeredImage` inspects a graph of image
-dependencies and determines the total number of references (direct & indirect)
-to any node in the graph. It then sorts all dependencies by this popularity
-metric and puts the first `n - 2` (for `n` being the maximum number of layers)
-packages in their own layers, all remaining packages in one layer and the image
-configuration in the final layer.
-
-## Design / Proposal
-
-## (Close-to) ideal layer-layout using more data
-
-We start out by considering what a close to ideal layout of layers would look
-like for a simple use-case.
-
-![Ideal layout](/static/img/nixery/ideal_layout.webp)
-
-In this example, counting the total number of references to each node in the
-graph yields the following result:
-
-| pkg   | refs |
-|-------|------|
-| E     | 3    |
-| D     | 2    |
-| F     | 2    |
-| A,B,C | 1    |
-
-Assuming we are constrained to 4 layers, the current algorithm would yield these layers:
-
-```
-L1: E
-L2: D
-L3: F
-L4: A, B, C
-```
-
-The initial proposal for this design is that additional data should be
-considered in addition to the total number of references, in particular a
-distinction should be made between direct and indirect references. Packages that
-are only referenced indirectly should be merged with their parents.
-
-This yields the following table:
-
-| pkg   | direct | indirect |
-|-------|--------|----------|
-| E     | 3      | 3        |
-| D     | 2      | 2        |
-| F     | *1*    | 2        |
-| A,B,C | 1      | 1        |
-
-Despite having two indirect references, F is in fact only being referred to
-once. Assuming that we have no other data available outside of this graph, we
-have no reason to assume that F has any popularity outside of the scope of D.
-This might yield the following layers:
-
-```
-L1: E
-L2: D, F
-L3: A
-L4: B, C
-```
-
-D and F were grouped, while the top-level references (i.e. the packages
-explicitly requested by the user) were split up.
-
-An assumption is introduced here to justify this split: The top-level packages
-is what the user is modifying directly, and those groupings are likely
-unpredictable. Thus it is opportune to not group top-level packages in the same
-layer.
-
-This raises a new question: Can we make better decisions about where to split
-the top-level?
-
-## (Even closer to) ideal layering using (even) more data
-
-So far when deciding layer layouts, only information immediately available in
-the build graph of the image has been considered. We do however have much more
-information available, as we have both the entire nixpkgs-tree and potentially
-other information (such as download statistics).
-
-We can calculate the total number of references to any derivation in nixpkgs and
-use that to rank the popularity of each package. Packages within some percentile
-can then be singled out as good candidates for a separate layer.
-
-When faced with a splitting decision such as in the last section, this data can
-aid the decision. Assume for example that package B in the above is actually
-`openssl`, which is a very popular package. Taking this into account would
-instead yield the following layers:
-
-```
-L1: E,
-L2: D, F
-L3: B,
-L4: A, C
-```
-
-## Layer budgets and download size considerations
-
-As described in the introduction, there is a finite amount of layers available
-for each image (the “layer budget”). When calculating the layer distribution, we
-might end up with the “ideal” list of layers that we would like to create. Using
-our previous example:
-
-```
-L1: E,
-L2: D, F
-L3: A
-L4: B
-L5: C
-```
-
-If we only have a layer budget of 4 available, something needs to be merged into
-the same layer. To make a decision here we could consider only the package
-popularity, but there is in fact another piece of information that has not come
-up yet: The actual size of the package.
-
-Presumably a user would not mind downloading a library that is a few kilobytes
-in size repeatedly, but they would if it was a 200 megabyte binary instead.
-
-Conversely if a large binary was successfully cached, but an extremely popular
-small library is not, the total download size might also grow to irritating
-levels.
-
-To avoid this we can calculate a merge rating:
-
-    merge_rating(pkg) = popularity_percentile(pkg) × size(pkg.subtree)
-
-Packages with a low merge rating would be merged together before packages with
-higher merge ratings.
-
-## Implementation
-
-There are two primary components of the implementation:
-
-1. The layering component which, given an image specification, decides the image
-   layers.
-
-2. The popularity component which, given the entire nixpkgs-tree, calculates the
-   popularity of packages.
-
-## Layering component
-
-It turns out that graph theory’s concept of [dominator trees][] maps reasonably
-well onto the proposed idea of separating direct and indirect dependencies. This
-becomes visible when creating the dominator tree of a simple example:
-
-![Example without extra edges](/static/img/nixery/example_plain.webp)
-
-Before calculating the dominator tree, we inspect each node and insert extra
-edges from the root for packages that match a certain popularity or size
-threshold. In this example, G is popular and an extra edge is inserted:
-
-![Example with extra edges](/static/img/nixery/example_extra.webp)
-
-Calculating the dominator tree of this graph now yields our ideal layer
-distribution:
-
-![Dominator tree of example](/static/img/nixery/dominator.webp)
-
-The nodes immediately dominated by the root node can now be “harvested” as image
-layers, and merging can be performed as described above until the result fits
-into the layer budget.
-
-To implement this, the layering component uses the [gonum/graph][] library which
-supports calculating dominator trees. The program is fed with Nix’s
-`exportReferencesGraph` (which contains the runtime dependency graph and runtime
-closure size) as well as the popularity data and layer budget. It returns a list
-of layers, each specifying the paths it should contain.
-
-Nix invokes this program and uses the output to create a derivation for each
-layer, which is then built and returned to Nixery as usual.
-
-TIP: This is implemented in [`layers.go`][layers.go] in Nixery. The file starts
-with an explanatory comment that talks through the process in detail.
-
-## Popularity component
-
-The primary issue in calculating the popularity of each package in the tree is
-that we are interested in the runtime dependencies of a derivation, not its
-build dependencies.
-
-To access information about the runtime dependency, the derivation actually
-needs to be built by Nix - it can not be inferred because Nix does not know
-which store paths will still be referenced by the build output.
-
-However for packages that are cached in the NixOS cache, we can simply inspect
-the `narinfo`-files and use those to determine popularity.
-
-Not every package in nixpkgs is cached, but we can expect all *popular* packages
-to be cached. Relying on the cache should therefore be reasonable and avoids us
-having to rebuild/download all packages.
-
-The implementation will read the `narinfo` for each store path in the cache at a
-given commit and create a JSON-file containing the total reference count per
-package.
-
-For the public Nixery instance, these popularity files will be distributed via a
-GCS bucket.
-
-TIP: This is implemented in [popcount][] in Nixery.
-
---------
-
-Hopefully this detailed design review was useful to you. You can also watch [my
-NixCon talk][talk] about Nixery for a review of some of this, and some demos.
-
-[Nixery]: https://github.com/google/nixery
-[grhmc]: https://grahamc.com/blog/nix-and-layered-docker-images
-[Nix]: https://nixos.org/nix
-[registry protocols]: https://github.com/opencontainers/distribution-spec/blob/master/spec.md
-[nixery.dev]: https://nixery.dev
-[dominator trees]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominator_(graph_theory)
-[gonum/graph]: https://godoc.org/gonum.org/v1/gonum/graph
-[layers.go]: https://github.com/google/nixery/blob/master/builder/layers.go
-[popcount]: https://github.com/google/nixery/tree/master/popcount
-[talk]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOI9H4oeXqA
diff --git a/web/blog/posts/nsa-zettabytes.md b/web/blog/posts/nsa-zettabytes.md
deleted file mode 100644
index f8b326f2fb42..000000000000
--- a/web/blog/posts/nsa-zettabytes.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-I've been reading a few discussions on Reddit about the new NSA data
-centre that is being built and stumbled upon [this
-post](http://www.reddit.com/r/restorethefourth/comments/1jf6cx/the_guardian_releases_another_leaked_document_nsa/cbe5hnc),
-putting its alleged storage capacity at *5 zettabytes*.
-
-That seems to be a bit much which I tried to explain to that guy, but I
-was quickly blocked by the common conspiracy argument that government
-technology is somehow far beyond the wildest dreams of us mere mortals -
-thus I wrote a very long reply that will most likely never be seen by
-anybody. Therefore I've decided to repost it here.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-I feel like I've entered /r/conspiracy. Please have some facts (and do
-read them!)
-
-A one terabyte SSD (I assume that\'s what you meant by flash-drive)
-would require 5000000000 of those. That is *five billion* of those flash
-drives. Can you visualise how much five billion flash-drives are?
-
-A single SSD is roughly 2cm\*13cm\*13cm with an approximate weight of
-80g. That would make 400 000 metric tons of SSDs, a weight equivalent to
-*over one thousand Boeing 747 airplanes*. Even if we assume that they
-solder the flash chips directly onto some kind of controller (which also
-weighs something), the raw material for that would be completely insane.
-
-Another visualization: If you stacked 5 billion SSDs on top of each
-other you would get an SSD tower that is a hundred thousand kilometres
-high, that is equivalent to 2,5 x the equatorial circumference of
-*Earth* or 62000 miles.
-
-The volume of those SSDs would be clocking in at 1690000000 cubic
-metres, more than the Empire State building. Are you still with me?
-
-Lets speak cost. The Samsung SSD that I assume you are referring to will
-clock in at \$600, lets assume that the NSA gets a discount when buying
-*five billion* of those and gets them at the cheap price of \$250. That
-makes 1.25 trillion dollars. That would be a significant chunk of the
-current US national debt.
-
-And all of this is just SSDs to stick into servers and storage units,
-which need a whole bunch of other equipment as well to support them -
-the cost would probably shoot up to something like 8 trillion dollars if
-they were to build this. It would with very high certainty be more than
-the annual production of SSDs (I can\'t find numbers on that
-unfortunately) and take up *slightly* more space than they have in the
-Utah data centre (assuming you\'re not going to tell me that it is in
-fact attached to an underground base that goes down to the core of the
-Earth).
-
-Lets look at the \"But the government has better technologies!\" idea.
-
-Putting aside the fact that the military *most likely* does not have a
-secret base on Mars that deals with advanced science that the rest of us
-can only dream of, and doing this under the assumption that they do have
-this base, lets assume that they build a storage chip that stores 100TB.
-This reduces the amount of needed chips to \"just\" 50 million, lets say
-they get 10 of those into a server / some kind of specialized storage
-unit and we only need 5 million of those specially engineered servers,
-with custom connectors, software, chips, storage, most likely also power
-sources and whatever - 10 million completely custom units built with
-technology that is not available to the market. Google is estimated to
-have about a million servers in total, I don\'t know exactly in how many
-data centres those are placed but numbers I heard recently said that
-it\'s about 40. When Apple assembles a new iPhone model they need
-massive factories with thousands of workers and supplies from many
-different countries, over several months, to assemble just a few million
-units for their launch month.
-
-You are seriously proposing that the NSA is better than Google and Apple
-and the rest of the tech industry, world-wide, combined at designing
-*everything* in tech, manufacturing *everything* in tech, without *any*
-information about that leaking and without *any* of the science behind
-it being known? That\'s not just insane, that\'s outright impossible.
-
-And we haven\'t even touched upon how they would route the necessary
-amounts of bandwidth (crazy insane) to save *the entire internet* into
-that data center.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-I\'m not saying that the NSA is not building a data center to store
-surveillance information, to have more capacity to spy on people and all
-that - I\'m merely making the point that the extent in which conspiracy
-sites say they do this vastly overestimates their actual abilities. They
-don\'t have magic available to them! Instead of making up insane figures
-like that you should focus on what we actually know about their
-operations, because using those figures in a debate with somebody who is
-responsible for this (and knows what they\'re talking about) will end
-with you being destroyed - nobody will listen to the rest of what
-you\'re saying when that happens.
-
-\"Stick to the facts\" is valid for our side as well.
diff --git a/web/blog/posts/reversing-watchguard-vpn.md b/web/blog/posts/reversing-watchguard-vpn.md
deleted file mode 100644
index f1b779d8d993..000000000000
--- a/web/blog/posts/reversing-watchguard-vpn.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
-TIP: WatchGuard has
-[responded](https://www.reddit.com/r/netsec/comments/5tg0f9/reverseengineering_watchguard_mobile_vpn/dds6knx/)
-to this post on Reddit. If you haven\'t read the post yet I\'d recommend
-doing that first before reading the response to have the proper context.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-One of my current client makes use of
-[WatchGuard](http://www.watchguard.com/help/docs/fireware/11/en-US/Content/en-US/mvpn/ssl/mvpn_ssl_client-install_c.html)
-Mobile VPN software to provide access to the internal network.
-
-Currently WatchGuard only provides clients for OS X and Windows, neither
-of which I am very fond of. In addition an OpenVPN configuration file is
-provided, but it quickly turned out that this was only a piece of the
-puzzle.
-
-The problem is that this VPN setup is secured using 2-factor
-authentication (good!), but it does not use OpenVPN\'s default
-[challenge/response](https://openvpn.net/index.php/open-source/documentation/miscellaneous/79-management-interface.html)
-functionality to negotiate the credentials.
-
-Connecting with the OpenVPN config that the website supplied caused the
-VPN server to send me a token to my phone, but I simply couldn\'t figure
-out how to supply it back to the server. In a normal challenge/response
-setting the token would be supplied as the password on the second
-authentication round, but the VPN server kept rejecting that.
-
-Other possibilities were various combinations of username&password
-(I\'ve seen a lot of those around) so I tried a whole bunch, for example
-`$password:$token` or even a `sha1(password, token)` - to no avail.
-
-At this point it was time to crank out
-[Hopper](https://www.hopperapp.com/) and see what\'s actually going on
-in the official OS X client - which uses OpenVPN under the hood!
-
-Diving into the client
-----------------------
-
-The first surprise came up right after opening the executable: It had
-debug symbols in it - and was written in Objective-C!
-
-![Debug symbols](/static/img/watchblob_1.webp)
-
-A good first step when looking at an application binary is going through
-the strings that are included in it, and the WatchGuard client had a lot
-to offer. Among the most interesting were a bunch of URIs that looked
-important:
-
-![Some URIs](/static/img/watchblob_2.webp)
-
-I started with the first one
-
-    %@?action=sslvpn_download&filename=%@&fw_password=%@&fw_username=%@
-
-and just curled it on the VPN host, replacing the username and
-password fields with bogus data and the filename field with
-`client.wgssl` - another string in the executable that looked like a
-filename.
-
-To my surprise this endpoint immediately responded with a GZIPed file
-containing the OpenVPN config, CA certificate, and the client
-*certificate and key*, which I previously thought was only accessible
-after logging in to the web UI - oh well.
-
-The next endpoint I tried ended up being a bit more interesting still:
-
-    /?action=sslvpn_logon&fw_username=%@&fw_password=%@&style=fw_logon_progress.xsl&fw_logon_type=logon&fw_domain=Firebox-DB
-
-Inserting the correct username and password into the query parameters
-actually triggered the process that sent a token to my phone. The
-response was a simple XML blob:
-
-```xml
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<resp>
-  <action>sslvpn_logon</action>
-  <logon_status>4</logon_status>
-  <auth-domain-list>
-    <auth-domain>
-      <name>RADIUS</name>
-    </auth-domain>
-  </auth-domain-list>
-  <logon_id>441</logon_id>
-  <chaStr>Enter Your 6 Digit Passcode </chaStr>
-</resp>
-```
-
-Somewhat unsurprisingly that `chaStr` field is actually the challenge
-string displayed in the client when logging in.
-
-This was obviously going in the right direction so I proceeded to the
-procedures making use of this string. The first step was a relatively
-uninteresting function called `-[VPNController sslvpnLogon]` which
-formatted the URL, opened it and checked whether the `logon_status` was
-`4` before proceeding with the `logon_id` and `chaStr` contained in the
-response.
-
-*(Code snippets from here on are Hopper\'s pseudo-Objective-C)*
-
-![sslvpnLogon](/static/img/watchblob_3.webp)
-
-It proceeded to the function `-[VPNController processTokenPrompt]` which
-showed the dialog window into which the user enters the token, sent it
-off to the next URL and checked the `logon_status` again:
-
-(`r12` is the reference to the `VPNController` instance, i.e. `self`).
-
-![processTokenPrompt](/static/img/watchblob_4.webp)
-
-If the `logon_status` was `1` (apparently \"success\" here) it proceeded
-to do something quite interesting:
-
-![processTokenPrompt2](/static/img/watchblob_5.webp)
-
-The user\'s password was overwritten with the (verified) OTP token -
-before OpenVPN had even been started!
-
-Reading a bit more of the code in the subsequent
-`-[VPNController doLogin]` method revealed that it shelled out to
-`openvpn` and enabled the management socket, which makes it possible to
-remotely control an `openvpn` process by sending it commands over TCP.
-
-It then simply sent the username and the OTP token as the credentials
-after configuring OpenVPN with the correct config file:
-
-![doLogin](/static/img/watchblob_6.webp)
-
-... and the OpenVPN connection then succeeds.
-
-TL;DR
------
-
-Rather than using OpenVPN\'s built-in challenge/response mechanism, the
-WatchGuard client validates user credentials *outside* of the VPN
-connection protocol and then passes on the OTP token, which seems to be
-temporarily in a \'blessed\' state after verification, as the user\'s
-password.
-
-I didn\'t check to see how much verification of this token is performed
-(does it check the source IP against the IP that performed the challenge
-validation?), but this certainly seems like a bit of a security issue -
-considering that an attacker on the same network would, if they time the
-attack right, only need your username and 6-digit OTP token to
-authenticate.
-
-Don\'t roll your own security, folks!
-
-Bonus
------
-
-The whole reason why I set out to do this is so I could connect to this
-VPN from Linux, so this blog post wouldn\'t be complete without a
-solution for that.
-
-To make this process really easy I\'ve written a [little
-tool](https://github.com/tazjin/watchblob) that performs the steps
-mentioned above from the CLI and lets users know when they can
-authenticate using their OTP token.
diff --git a/web/blog/posts/sick-in-sweden.md b/web/blog/posts/sick-in-sweden.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c43c5832d73..000000000000
--- a/web/blog/posts/sick-in-sweden.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-I\'ve been sick more in the two years in Sweden than in the ten years
-before that.
-
-Why? I have a theory about it and after briefly discussing it with one
-of my roommates (who is experiencing the same thing) I\'d like to share
-it with you:
-
-Normally when people get sick, are coughing, have a fever and so on they
-take a few days off from work and stay at home. The reasons are twofold:
-You want to rest a bit in order to get rid of the disease and you want
-to *avoid infecting your co-workers*.
-
-In Sweden people will drag themselves into work anyways, because of a
-concept called the
-[karensdag](https://www.forsakringskassan.se/wps/portal/sjukvard/sjukskrivning_och_sjukpenning/karensdag_och_forstadagsintyg).
-The TL;DR of this is \'if you take days off sick you won\'t get paid for
-the first day, and only 80% of your salary on the remaining days\'.
-
-Many people are not willing to take that financial hit. In combination
-with Sweden\'s rather mediocre healthcare system you end up constantly
-being surrounded by sick people, not just in your own office but also on
-public transport and basically all other public places.
-
-Oh and the best thing about this? Swedish politicians [often ignore
-this](https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article10506886.ab) rule and
-just don\'t report their sick days. Nice.
diff --git a/web/blog/posts/the-smu-problem.md b/web/blog/posts/the-smu-problem.md
deleted file mode 100644
index f411e3116046..000000000000
--- a/web/blog/posts/the-smu-problem.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
-After having tested countless messaging apps over the years, being
-unsatisfied with most of them and finally getting stuck with
-[Telegram](https://telegram.org/) I have developed a little theory about
-messaging apps.
-
-SMU stands for *Security*, *Multi-Device* and *Usability*. Quite like
-the [CAP-theorem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem) I believe
-that you can - using current models - only solve two out of three things
-on this list. Let me elaborate what I mean by the individual points:
-
-**Security**: This is mainly about encryption of messages, not so much
-about hiding identities to third-parties. Commonly some kind of
-asymmetric encryption scheme. Verification of keys used must be possible
-for the user.
-
-**Multi-Device**: Messaging-app clients for multiple devices, with
-devices being linked to the same identifier, receiving the same messages
-and being independent of each other. A nice bonus is also an open
-protocol (like Telegram\'s) that would let people write new clients.
-
-**Usability**: Usability is a bit of a broad term, but what I mean by it
-here is handling contacts and identities. It should be easy to create
-accounts, give contact information to people and have everything just
-work in a somewhat automated fashion.
-
-Some categorisation of popular messaging apps:
-
-**SU**: Threema
-
-**MU**: Telegram, Google Hangouts, iMessage, Facebook Messenger
-
-**SM**:
-[Signal](https://gist.github.com/TheBlueMatt/d2fcfb78d29faca117f5)
-
-*Side note: The most popular messaging app - WhatsApp - only scores a
-single letter (U). This makes it completely uninteresting to me.*
-
-Let\'s talk about **SM** - which might contain the key to solving SMU.
-Two approaches are interesting here.
-
-The single key model
---------------------
-
-In Signal there is a single identity key which can be used to register a
-device on the server. There exists a process for sharing this identity
-key from a primary device to a secondary one, so that the secondary
-device can register itself (see the link above for a description).
-
-This *almost* breaks M because there is still a dependence on a primary
-device and newly onboarded devices can not be used to onboard further
-devices. However, for lack of a better SM example I\'ll give it a pass.
-
-The other thing it obviously breaks is U as the process for setting it
-up is annoying and having to rely on the primary device is a SPOF (there
-might be a way to recover from a lost primary device, but I didn\'t find
-any information so far).
-
-The multiple key model
-----------------------
-
-In iMessage every device that a user logs into creates a new key pair
-and submits its public key to a per-account key pool. Senders fetch all
-available public keys for a recipient and encrypt to all of the keys.
-
-Devices that join can catch up on history by receiving it from other
-devices that use its public key.
-
-This *almost* solves all of SMU, but its compliance with S breaks due to
-the fact that the key pool is not auditable, and controlled by a
-third-party (Apple). How can you verify that they don\'t go and add
-another key to your pool?
-
-A possible solution
--------------------
-
-Out of these two approaches I believe the multiple key one looks more
-promising. If there was a third-party handling the key pool but in a way
-that is verifiable, transparent and auditable that model could be used
-to solve SMU.
-
-The technology I have been thinking about for this is some kind of
-blockchain model and here\'s how I think it could work:
-
-1.  Bob installs the app and begins onboarding. The first device
-    generates its keypair, submits the public key and an account
-    creation request.
-
-2.  Bob\'s account is created on the messaging apps\' servers and a
-    unique identifier plus the fingerprint of the first device\'s public
-    key is written to the chain.
-
-3.  Alice sends a message to Bob, her device asks the messaging service
-    for Bob\'s account\'s identity and public keys. Her device verifies
-    the public key fingerprint against the one in the blockchain before
-    encrypting to it and sending the message.
-
-4.  Bob receives Alice\'s message on his first device.
-
-5.  Bob logs in to his account on a second device. The device generates
-    a key pair and sends the public key to the service, the service
-    writes it to the blockchain using its identifier.
-
-6.  The messaging service requests that Bob\'s first device signs the
-    second device\'s key and triggers a simple confirmation popup.
-
-7.  Bob confirms the second device on his first device. It signs the key
-    and writes the signature to the chain.
-
-8.  Alice sends another message, her device requests Bob\'s current keys
-    and receives the new key. It verifies that both the messaging
-    service and one of Bob\'s older devices have confirmed this key in
-    the chain. It encrypts the message to both keys and sends it on.
-
-9.  Bob receives Alice\'s message on both devices.
-
-After this the second device can request conversation history from the
-first one to synchronise old messages.
-
-Further devices added to an account can be confirmed by any of the
-devices already in the account.
-
-The messaging service could not add new keys for an account on its own
-because it does not control any of the private keys confirmed by the
-chain.
-
-In case all devices were lost, the messaging service could associate the
-account with a fresh identity in the block chain. Message history
-synchronisation would of course be impossible.
-
-Feedback welcome
-----------------
-
-I would love to hear some input on this idea, especially if anyone knows
-of an attempt to implement a similar model already. Possible attack
-vectors would also be really interesting.
-
-Until something like this comes to fruition, I\'ll continue using
-Telegram with GPG as the security layer when needed.
-
-**Update:** WhatsApp has launched an integration with the Signal guys
-and added their protocol to the official WhatsApp app. This means
-WhatsApp now firmly sits in the SU-category, but it still does not solve
-this problem.
-
-**Update 2:** Facebook Messenger has also integrated with Signal, but
-their secret chats do not support multi-device well (it is Signal
-afterall). This means it scores either SU or MU depending on which mode
-you use it in.
-
-An interesting service I have not yet evaluated properly is
-[Matrix](http://matrix.org/).