fix(tvix/eval): ensure all evaluated thunks are correctly memoized r/5828

This fixes a very complicated bug (b/246). Evaluation
progresses *much* further after this, leading to several less
complicated bugs likely being uncovered by this

What was the problem?
=====================

Previously, when evaluating a thunk, we had a code path that looked
like this:

    match *thunk {
        ThunkRepr::Evaluated(Value::Thunk(ref inner_thunk)) => {
            let inner_repr = inner_thunk.0.borrow().clone();
            drop(thunk);
            self.0.replace(inner_repr);
        }
        /* ... */
    }

This code path created a copy of the inner `ThunkRepr` of a nested
thunk, and moved that copy into the `ThunkRepr` of the parent.

The effect of this was that the original `ThunkRepr` (unforced!) lived
on in the original thunk, without the memoization of the subsequent
forcing applying to it.

This had the result that Tvix would repeatedly evaluate these thunks
without ever memoizing them, if they occured repeatedly as shared
inner thunks. Most notably, this would *always* occur when
builtins.import was used.

What's the solution?
====================

I have completely rewritten `Thunk::force_trampoline_self` to make all
flows that can occur in it explicit. I have also removed the outer
loop inside of that function, and resorted to more use of trampolining
instead.

The function is now well-commented and it should be possible to read
it from top-to-bottom and get a general sense of what is going on,
though the trampolining itself (which is implemented in the VM) needs
to be at least partially understood for this.

What's the new problem(s)?
==========================

One new (known) problem is that we have to construct `Error` instances
in all error types here, but we do not have spans available in some
thunk-related situations. Due to b/238 we cannot ask the VM for an
arbitrary span from the callsite leading to the force. This means that
there are now code paths where, under certain conditions, causing an
evaluation error during thunk forcing will panic.

To fix this we will need to investigate and fix b/238, and/or add a
span tracking mechanism to thunks themselves.

What other impacts does this have?
==================================

With this commit, eval of nixpkgs mostly succeeds (things like stdenv
evaluate to the same hashes for us and C++ Nix, meaning we now
construct identical derivations without eval breaking).

Due to this we progress much further into nixpkgs, which lets us
uncover more additional bugs. For example, after this commit we can
quickly see that cl/7949 introduces some kind of behavioural issue and
should not be merged as-is (this was not apparent before).

Additionally, tvix-eval is now seemingly very fast. When doing
performance analysis of a nixpkgs eval, we now mostly see the code
path for shelling out to C++ Nix to add things to the store in there.
We still need those code paths, so we can not (yet) do a performance
analysis beyond that.

Change-Id: I738525bad8bc5ede5d8c737f023b14b8f4160612
Reviewed-on: https://cl.tvl.fyi/c/depot/+/8012
Tested-by: BuildkiteCI
Reviewed-by: flokli <flokli@flokli.de>

1 files changed, 2 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/tvix/eval/src/vm.rs b/tvix/eval/src/vm.rs
index 46c9f79b2e57..cd6fc211b4ad 100644
--- a/tvix/eval/src/vm.rs
+++ b/tvix/eval/src/vm.rs
@@ -1017,7 +1017,8 @@ impl<'o> VM<'o> {
 
             OpCode::OpForce => {
                 if let Some(Value::Thunk(_)) = self.stack.last() {
-                    let trampoline = fallible!(self, Thunk::force_trampoline(self));
+                    let value = self.pop();
+                    let trampoline = fallible!(self, Thunk::force_trampoline(self, value));
                     return Ok(trampoline);
                 }
             }