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authorVincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in>2022-05-18T15·39+0200
committerclbot <clbot@tvl.fyi>2022-05-19T14·08+0000
commitd127f9bd0e7b9b2e0df2de8a2227f77c0907468d (patch)
tree68455040d88b8e0c2817601db88ede450873ff8e /third_party/nix/src/libexpr/primops.cc
parentc85291c602ac666421627d6934ebc6d5be1b93e1 (diff)
chore(3p/nix): unvendor tvix 0.1 r/4098
Nothing is using this now, and we'll likely never pick this up again,
but we learned a lot in the process.

Every now and then this breaks in some bizarre way on channel bumps
and it's just a waste of time to maintain that.

Change-Id: Idcf2f5acd4ca7070ce18d7149cbfc0d967dc0a44
Reviewed-on: https://cl.tvl.fyi/c/depot/+/5632
Tested-by: BuildkiteCI
Reviewed-by: sterni <sternenseemann@systemli.org>
Reviewed-by: lukegb <lukegb@tvl.fyi>
Autosubmit: tazjin <tazjin@tvl.su>
Diffstat (limited to 'third_party/nix/src/libexpr/primops.cc')
-rw-r--r--third_party/nix/src/libexpr/primops.cc2335
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 2335 deletions
diff --git a/third_party/nix/src/libexpr/primops.cc b/third_party/nix/src/libexpr/primops.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index f196c5ed723c..000000000000
--- a/third_party/nix/src/libexpr/primops.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2335 +0,0 @@
-#include "libexpr/primops.hh"
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <regex>
-
-#include <absl/strings/str_split.h>
-#include <glog/logging.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include "libexpr/eval-inline.hh"
-#include "libexpr/eval.hh"
-#include "libexpr/json-to-value.hh"
-#include "libexpr/names.hh"
-#include "libexpr/value-to-json.hh"
-#include "libexpr/value-to-xml.hh"
-#include "libstore/derivations.hh"
-#include "libstore/download.hh"
-#include "libstore/globals.hh"
-#include "libstore/store-api.hh"
-#include "libutil/archive.hh"
-#include "libutil/json.hh"
-#include "libutil/status.hh"
-#include "libutil/util.hh"
-
-namespace nix {
-
-/*************************************************************
- * Miscellaneous
- *************************************************************/
-
-/* Decode a context string ‘!<name>!<path>’ into a pair <path,
-   name>. */
-std::pair<std::string, std::string> decodeContext(const std::string& s) {
-  if (s.at(0) == '!') {
-    size_t index = s.find('!', 1);
-    return std::pair<std::string, std::string>(std::string(s, index + 1),
-                                               std::string(s, 1, index - 1));
-  }
-  return std::pair<std::string, std::string>(
-      s.at(0) == '/' ? s : std::string(s, 1), "");
-}
-
-InvalidPathError::InvalidPathError(const Path& path)
-    : EvalError(format("path '%1%' is not valid") % path), path(path) {}
-
-void EvalState::realiseContext(const PathSet& context) {
-  PathSet drvs;
-
-  for (auto& i : context) {
-    std::pair<std::string, std::string> decoded = decodeContext(i);
-    Path ctx = decoded.first;
-    assert(store->isStorePath(ctx));
-    if (!store->isValidPath(ctx)) {
-      throw InvalidPathError(ctx);
-    }
-    if (!decoded.second.empty() && nix::isDerivation(ctx)) {
-      drvs.insert(decoded.first + "!" + decoded.second);
-
-      /* Add the output of this derivation to the allowed
-         paths. */
-      if (allowedPaths) {
-        auto drv = store->derivationFromPath(decoded.first);
-        auto i = drv.outputs.find(decoded.second);
-        if (i == drv.outputs.end()) {
-          throw Error("derivation '%s' does not have an output named '%s'",
-                      decoded.first, decoded.second);
-        }
-        allowedPaths->insert(i->second.path);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (drvs.empty()) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (!evalSettings.enableImportFromDerivation) {
-    throw EvalError(format("attempted to realize '%1%' during evaluation but "
-                           "'allow-import-from-derivation' is false") %
-                    *(drvs.begin()));
-  }
-
-  /* For performance, prefetch all substitute info. */
-  PathSet willBuild;
-  PathSet willSubstitute;
-  PathSet unknown;
-  unsigned long long downloadSize;
-  unsigned long long narSize;
-  store->queryMissing(drvs, willBuild, willSubstitute, unknown, downloadSize,
-                      narSize);
-
-  nix::util::OkOrThrow(store->buildPaths(std::cerr, drvs));
-}
-
-/* Load and evaluate an expression from path specified by the
-   argument. */
-static void prim_scopedImport(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                              Value& v) {
-  PathSet context;
-  Path path = state.coerceToPath(pos, *args[1], context);
-
-  try {
-    state.realiseContext(context);
-  } catch (InvalidPathError& e) {
-    throw EvalError(
-        format("cannot import '%1%', since path '%2%' is not valid, at %3%") %
-        path % e.path % pos);
-  }
-
-  Path realPath = state.checkSourcePath(state.toRealPath(path, context));
-
-  if (state.store->isStorePath(path) && state.store->isValidPath(path) &&
-      isDerivation(path)) {
-    Derivation drv = readDerivation(realPath);
-    Value& w = *state.allocValue();
-    state.mkAttrs(w, 3 + drv.outputs.size());
-    Value* v2 = state.allocAttr(w, state.sDrvPath);
-    mkString(*v2, path, {"=" + path});
-    v2 = state.allocAttr(w, state.sName);
-    mkString(*v2, drv.env["name"]);
-    Value* outputsVal = state.allocAttr(w, state.symbols.Create("outputs"));
-    state.mkList(*outputsVal, drv.outputs.size());
-    unsigned int outputs_index = 0;
-
-    for (const auto& o : drv.outputs) {
-      v2 = state.allocAttr(w, state.symbols.Create(o.first));
-      mkString(*v2, o.second.path, {"!" + o.first + "!" + path});
-      (*outputsVal->list)[outputs_index] = state.allocValue();
-      mkString(*((*outputsVal->list)[outputs_index++]), o.first);
-    }
-
-    Value fun;
-    state.evalFile(
-        settings.nixDataDir + "/nix/corepkgs/imported-drv-to-derivation.nix",
-        fun);
-    state.forceFunction(fun, pos);
-    mkApp(v, fun, w);
-    state.forceAttrs(v, pos);
-  } else {
-    state.forceAttrs(*args[0]);
-    if (args[0]->attrs->empty()) {
-      state.evalFile(realPath, v);
-    } else {
-      Env* env = &state.allocEnv(args[0]->attrs->size());
-      env->up = &state.baseEnv;
-
-      StaticEnv staticEnv(false, &state.staticBaseEnv);
-
-      unsigned int displ = 0;
-      for (auto& attr : *args[0]->attrs) {
-        staticEnv.vars[attr.second.name] = displ;
-        env->values[displ++] = attr.second.value;
-      }
-
-      DLOG(INFO) << "evaluating file '" << realPath << "'";
-      Expr* e = state.parseExprFromFile(resolveExprPath(realPath), staticEnv);
-
-      e->eval(state, *env, v);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/* Return a string representing the type of the expression. */
-static void prim_typeOf(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                        Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-  std::string t;
-  switch (args[0]->type) {
-    case tInt:
-      t = "int";
-      break;
-    case tBool:
-      t = "bool";
-      break;
-    case tString:
-      t = "string";
-      break;
-    case tPath:
-      t = "path";
-      break;
-    case tNull:
-      t = "null";
-      break;
-    case tAttrs:
-      t = "set";
-      break;
-    case tList:
-      t = "list";
-      break;
-    case tLambda:
-    case tPrimOp:
-    case tPrimOpApp:
-      t = "lambda";
-      break;
-    case tFloat:
-      t = "float";
-      break;
-    default:
-      abort();
-  }
-  mkString(v, state.symbols.Create(t));
-}
-
-/* Determine whether the argument is the null value. */
-static void prim_isNull(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                        Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-  mkBool(v, args[0]->type == tNull);
-}
-
-/* Determine whether the argument is a function. */
-static void prim_isFunction(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                            Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-  bool res;
-  switch (args[0]->type) {
-    case tLambda:
-    case tPrimOp:
-    case tPrimOpApp:
-      res = true;
-      break;
-    default:
-      res = false;
-      break;
-  }
-  mkBool(v, res);
-}
-
-/* Determine whether the argument is an integer. */
-static void prim_isInt(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                       Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-  mkBool(v, args[0]->type == tInt);
-}
-
-/* Determine whether the argument is a float. */
-static void prim_isFloat(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                         Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-  mkBool(v, args[0]->type == tFloat);
-}
-
-/* Determine whether the argument is a string. */
-static void prim_isString(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                          Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-  mkBool(v, args[0]->type == tString);
-}
-
-/* Determine whether the argument is a Boolean. */
-static void prim_isBool(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                        Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-  mkBool(v, args[0]->type == tBool);
-}
-
-/* Determine whether the argument is a path. */
-static void prim_isPath(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                        Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-  mkBool(v, args[0]->type == tPath);
-}
-
-struct CompareValues {
-  bool operator()(const Value* v1, const Value* v2) const {
-    if (v1->type == tFloat && v2->type == tInt) {
-      return v1->fpoint < v2->integer;
-    }
-    if (v1->type == tInt && v2->type == tFloat) {
-      return v1->integer < v2->fpoint;
-    }
-    if (v1->type != v2->type) {
-      throw EvalError(format("cannot compare %1% with %2%") % showType(*v1) %
-                      showType(*v2));
-    }
-    switch (v1->type) {
-      case tInt:
-        return v1->integer < v2->integer;
-      case tFloat:
-        return v1->fpoint < v2->fpoint;
-      case tString:
-        return strcmp(v1->string.s, v2->string.s) < 0;
-      case tPath:
-        return strcmp(v1->path, v2->path) < 0;
-      default:
-        throw EvalError(format("cannot compare %1% with %2%") % showType(*v1) %
-                        showType(*v2));
-    }
-  }
-};
-
-typedef std::list<Value*> ValueList;
-
-static void prim_genericClosure(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                                Value& v) {
-  state.forceAttrs(*args[0], pos);
-
-  /* Get the start set. */
-  Bindings::iterator startSet =
-      args[0]->attrs->find(state.symbols.Create("startSet"));
-  if (startSet == args[0]->attrs->end()) {
-    throw EvalError(format("attribute 'startSet' required, at %1%") % pos);
-  }
-  state.forceList(*startSet->second.value, pos);
-
-  ValueList workSet;
-  for (Value* elem : *startSet->second.value->list) {
-    workSet.push_back(elem);
-  }
-
-  /* Get the operator. */
-  Bindings::iterator op =
-      args[0]->attrs->find(state.symbols.Create("operator"));
-  if (op == args[0]->attrs->end()) {
-    throw EvalError(format("attribute 'operator' required, at %1%") % pos);
-  }
-  state.forceValue(*op->second.value);
-
-  /* Construct the closure by applying the operator to element of
-     `workSet', adding the result to `workSet', continuing until
-     no new elements are found. */
-  ValueList res;
-  // `doneKeys' doesn't need to be a GC root, because its values are
-  // reachable from res.
-  std::set<Value*, CompareValues> doneKeys;
-  while (!workSet.empty()) {
-    Value* e = *(workSet.begin());
-    workSet.pop_front();
-
-    state.forceAttrs(*e, pos);
-
-    Bindings::iterator key = e->attrs->find(state.symbols.Create("key"));
-    if (key == e->attrs->end()) {
-      throw EvalError(format("attribute 'key' required, at %1%") % pos);
-    }
-    state.forceValue(*key->second.value);
-
-    if (doneKeys.find(key->second.value) != doneKeys.end()) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    doneKeys.insert(key->second.value);
-    res.push_back(e);
-
-    /* Call the `operator' function with `e' as argument. */
-    Value call;
-    mkApp(call, *op->second.value, *e);
-    state.forceList(call, pos);
-
-    /* Add the values returned by the operator to the work set. */
-    for (unsigned int n = 0; n < call.listSize(); ++n) {
-      state.forceValue(*(*call.list)[n]);
-      workSet.push_back((*call.list)[n]);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Create the result list. */
-  state.mkList(v, res.size());
-  unsigned int n = 0;
-  for (auto& i : res) {
-    (*v.list)[n++] = i;
-  }
-}
-
-static void prim_abort(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                       Value& v) {
-  PathSet context;
-  std::string s = state.coerceToString(pos, *args[0], context);
-  throw Abort(
-      format("evaluation aborted with the following error message: '%1%'") % s);
-}
-
-static void prim_throw(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                       Value& v) {
-  PathSet context;
-  std::string s = state.coerceToString(pos, *args[0], context);
-  throw ThrownError(s);
-}
-
-static void prim_addErrorContext(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                                 Value& v) {
-  try {
-    state.forceValue(*args[1]);
-    v = *args[1];
-  } catch (Error& e) {
-    PathSet context;
-    e.addPrefix(format("%1%\n") % state.coerceToString(pos, *args[0], context));
-    throw;
-  }
-}
-
-/* Try evaluating the argument. Success => {success=true; value=something;},
- * else => {success=false; value=false;} */
-static void prim_tryEval(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                         Value& v) {
-  state.mkAttrs(v, 2);
-  try {
-    state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-    v.attrs->push_back(Attr(state.sValue, args[0]));
-    mkBool(*state.allocAttr(v, state.symbols.Create("success")), true);
-  } catch (AssertionError& e) {
-    mkBool(*state.allocAttr(v, state.sValue), false);
-    mkBool(*state.allocAttr(v, state.symbols.Create("success")), false);
-  }
-}
-
-/* Return an environment variable.  Use with care. */
-static void prim_getEnv(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                        Value& v) {
-  std::string name = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
-  mkString(v, evalSettings.restrictEval || evalSettings.pureEval
-                  ? ""
-                  : getEnv(name).value_or(""));
-}
-
-/* Evaluate the first argument, then return the second argument. */
-static void prim_seq(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args, Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-  state.forceValue(*args[1]);
-  v = *args[1];
-}
-
-/* Evaluate the first argument deeply (i.e. recursing into lists and
-   attrsets), then return the second argument. */
-static void prim_deepSeq(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                         Value& v) {
-  state.forceValueDeep(*args[0]);
-  state.forceValue(*args[1]);
-  v = *args[1];
-}
-
-/* Evaluate the first expression and print it on standard error.  Then
-   return the second expression.  Useful for debugging. */
-static void prim_trace(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                       Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-  if (args[0]->type == tString) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "trace: " << args[0]->string.s;
-  } else {
-    LOG(INFO) << "trace: " << *args[0];
-  }
-  state.forceValue(*args[1]);
-  v = *args[1];
-}
-
-void prim_valueSize(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args, Value& v) {
-  /* We're not forcing the argument on purpose. */
-  mkInt(v, valueSize(*args[0]));
-}
-
-/*************************************************************
- * Derivations
- *************************************************************/
-
-/* Construct (as a unobservable side effect) a Nix derivation
-   expression that performs the derivation described by the argument
-   set.  Returns the original set extended with the following
-   attributes: `outPath' containing the primary output path of the
-   derivation; `drvPath' containing the path of the Nix expression;
-   and `type' set to `derivation' to indicate that this is a
-   derivation. */
-static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos,
-                                  Value** args, Value& v) {
-  state.forceAttrs(*args[0], pos);
-
-  /* Figure out the name first (for stack backtraces). */
-  Bindings::iterator attr = args[0]->attrs->find(state.sName);
-  if (attr == args[0]->attrs->end()) {
-    throw EvalError(format("required attribute 'name' missing, at %1%") % pos);
-  }
-  std::string drvName;
-  Pos& posDrvName(*attr->second.pos);
-  try {
-    drvName = state.forceStringNoCtx(*attr->second.value, pos);
-  } catch (Error& e) {
-    e.addPrefix(
-        format("while evaluating the derivation attribute 'name' at %1%:\n") %
-        posDrvName);
-    throw;
-  }
-
-  /* Check whether attributes should be passed as a JSON file. */
-  std::ostringstream jsonBuf;
-  std::unique_ptr<JSONObject> jsonObject;
-  attr = args[0]->attrs->find(state.sStructuredAttrs);
-  if (attr != args[0]->attrs->end() &&
-      state.forceBool(*attr->second.value, pos)) {
-    jsonObject = std::make_unique<JSONObject>(jsonBuf);
-  }
-
-  /* Check whether null attributes should be ignored. */
-  bool ignoreNulls = false;
-  attr = args[0]->attrs->find(state.sIgnoreNulls);
-  if (attr != args[0]->attrs->end()) {
-    ignoreNulls = state.forceBool(*attr->second.value, pos);
-  }
-
-  /* Build the derivation expression by processing the attributes. */
-  Derivation drv;
-
-  PathSet context;
-
-  std::optional<std::string> outputHash;
-  std::string outputHashAlgo;
-  bool outputHashRecursive = false;
-
-  StringSet outputs;
-  outputs.insert("out");
-
-  for (auto& [_, i] : *args[0]->attrs) {
-    if (i.name == state.sIgnoreNulls) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    const std::string& key = i.name;
-
-    auto handleHashMode = [&](const std::string& s) {
-      if (s == "recursive") {
-        outputHashRecursive = true;
-      } else if (s == "flat") {
-        outputHashRecursive = false;
-      } else {
-        throw EvalError(
-            "invalid value '%s' for 'outputHashMode' attribute, at %s", s,
-            posDrvName);
-      }
-    };
-
-    auto handleOutputs = [&](const Strings& ss) {
-      outputs.clear();
-      for (auto& j : ss) {
-        if (outputs.find(j) != outputs.end()) {
-          throw EvalError(format("duplicate derivation output '%1%', at %2%") %
-                          j % posDrvName);
-        }
-        /* !!! Check whether j is a valid attribute
-           name. */
-        /* Derivations cannot be named ‘drv’, because
-           then we'd have an attribute ‘drvPath’ in
-           the resulting set. */
-        if (j == "drv") {
-          throw EvalError(
-              format("invalid derivation output name 'drv', at %1%") %
-              posDrvName);
-        }
-        outputs.insert(j);
-      }
-      if (outputs.empty()) {
-        throw EvalError(
-            format("derivation cannot have an empty set of outputs, at %1%") %
-            posDrvName);
-      }
-    };
-
-    try {
-      if (ignoreNulls) {
-        state.forceValue(*i.value);
-        if (i.value->type == tNull) {
-          continue;
-        }
-      }
-
-      /* The `args' attribute is special: it supplies the
-         command-line arguments to the builder. */
-      if (i.name == state.sArgs) {
-        state.forceList(*i.value, pos);
-        for (unsigned int n = 0; n < i.value->listSize(); ++n) {
-          std::string s = state.coerceToString(posDrvName, *(*i.value->list)[n],
-                                               context, true);
-          drv.args.push_back(s);
-        }
-      }
-
-      /* All other attributes are passed to the builder through
-         the environment. */
-      else {
-        if (jsonObject) {
-          if (i.name == state.sStructuredAttrs) {
-            continue;
-          }
-
-          auto placeholder(jsonObject->placeholder(key));
-          printValueAsJSON(state, true, *i.value, placeholder, context);
-
-          if (i.name == state.sBuilder) {
-            drv.builder = state.forceString(*i.value, context, posDrvName);
-          } else if (i.name == state.sSystem) {
-            drv.platform = state.forceStringNoCtx(*i.value, posDrvName);
-          } else if (i.name == state.sOutputHash) {
-            outputHash = state.forceStringNoCtx(*i.value, posDrvName);
-          } else if (i.name == state.sOutputHashAlgo) {
-            outputHashAlgo = state.forceStringNoCtx(*i.value, posDrvName);
-          } else if (i.name == state.sOutputHashMode) {
-            handleHashMode(state.forceStringNoCtx(*i.value, posDrvName));
-          } else if (i.name == state.sOutputs) {
-            /* Require ‘outputs’ to be a list of strings. */
-            state.forceList(*i.value, posDrvName);
-            Strings ss;
-            for (unsigned int n = 0; n < i.value->listSize(); ++n) {
-              ss.emplace_back(
-                  state.forceStringNoCtx(*(*i.value->list)[n], posDrvName));
-            }
-            handleOutputs(ss);
-          }
-
-        } else {
-          auto s = state.coerceToString(posDrvName, *i.value, context, true);
-          drv.env.emplace(key, s);
-          if (i.name == state.sBuilder) {
-            drv.builder = s;
-          } else if (i.name == state.sSystem) {
-            drv.platform = s;
-          } else if (i.name == state.sOutputHash) {
-            outputHash = s;
-          } else if (i.name == state.sOutputHashAlgo) {
-            outputHashAlgo = s;
-          } else if (i.name == state.sOutputHashMode) {
-            handleHashMode(s);
-          } else if (i.name == state.sOutputs) {
-            handleOutputs(absl::StrSplit(s, absl::ByAnyChar(" \t\n\r"),
-                                         absl::SkipEmpty()));
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-    } catch (Error& e) {
-      e.addPrefix(format("while evaluating the attribute '%1%' of the "
-                         "derivation '%2%' at %3%:\n") %
-                  key % drvName % posDrvName);
-      throw;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (jsonObject) {
-    jsonObject.reset();
-    drv.env.emplace("__json", jsonBuf.str());
-  }
-
-  /* Everything in the context of the strings in the derivation
-     attributes should be added as dependencies of the resulting
-     derivation. */
-  for (auto& path : context) {
-    /* Paths marked with `=' denote that the path of a derivation
-       is explicitly passed to the builder.  Since that allows the
-       builder to gain access to every path in the dependency
-       graph of the derivation (including all outputs), all paths
-       in the graph must be added to this derivation's list of
-       inputs to ensure that they are available when the builder
-       runs. */
-    if (path.at(0) == '=') {
-      /* !!! This doesn't work if readOnlyMode is set. */
-      PathSet refs;
-      state.store->computeFSClosure(std::string(path, 1), refs);
-      for (auto& j : refs) {
-        drv.inputSrcs.insert(j);
-        if (isDerivation(j)) {
-          drv.inputDrvs[j] = state.store->queryDerivationOutputNames(j);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* Handle derivation outputs of the form ‘!<name>!<path>’. */
-    else if (path.at(0) == '!') {
-      std::pair<std::string, std::string> ctx = decodeContext(path);
-      drv.inputDrvs[ctx.first].insert(ctx.second);
-    }
-
-    /* Otherwise it's a source file. */
-    else {
-      drv.inputSrcs.insert(path);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Do we have all required attributes? */
-  if (drv.builder.empty()) {
-    throw EvalError(format("required attribute 'builder' missing, at %1%") %
-                    posDrvName);
-  }
-  if (drv.platform.empty()) {
-    throw EvalError(format("required attribute 'system' missing, at %1%") %
-                    posDrvName);
-  }
-
-  /* Check whether the derivation name is valid. */
-  checkStoreName(drvName);
-  if (isDerivation(drvName)) {
-    throw EvalError(
-        format("derivation names are not allowed to end in '%1%', at %2%") %
-        drvExtension % posDrvName);
-  }
-
-  if (outputHash) {
-    /* Handle fixed-output derivations. */
-    if (outputs.size() != 1 || *(outputs.begin()) != "out") {
-      throw Error(format("multiple outputs are not supported in fixed-output "
-                         "derivations, at %1%") %
-                  posDrvName);
-    }
-
-    HashType ht =
-        outputHashAlgo.empty() ? htUnknown : parseHashType(outputHashAlgo);
-    auto hash_ = Hash::deserialize(*outputHash, ht);
-    auto h = Hash::unwrap_throw(hash_);
-
-    Path outPath =
-        state.store->makeFixedOutputPath(outputHashRecursive, h, drvName);
-    if (!jsonObject) {
-      drv.env["out"] = outPath;
-    }
-    drv.outputs["out"] = DerivationOutput(
-        outPath, (outputHashRecursive ? "r:" : "") + printHashType(h.type),
-        h.to_string(Base16, false));
-  }
-
-  else {
-    /* Construct the "masked" store derivation, which is the final
-       one except that in the list of outputs, the output paths
-       are empty, and the corresponding environment variables have
-       an empty value.  This ensures that changes in the set of
-       output names do get reflected in the hash. */
-    for (auto& i : outputs) {
-      if (!jsonObject) {
-        drv.env[i] = "";
-      }
-      drv.outputs[i] = DerivationOutput("", "", "");
-    }
-
-    /* Use the masked derivation expression to compute the output
-       path. */
-    Hash h = hashDerivationModulo(*state.store, drv);
-
-    for (auto& i : drv.outputs) {
-      if (i.second.path.empty()) {
-        Path outPath = state.store->makeOutputPath(i.first, h, drvName);
-        if (!jsonObject) {
-          drv.env[i.first] = outPath;
-        }
-        i.second.path = outPath;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Write the resulting term into the Nix store directory. */
-  Path drvPath = writeDerivation(state.store, drv, drvName, state.repair);
-
-  VLOG(2) << "instantiated '" << drvName << "' -> '" << drvPath << "'";
-
-  /* Optimisation, but required in read-only mode! because in that
-     case we don't actually write store derivations, so we can't
-     read them later. */
-  drvHashes[drvPath] = hashDerivationModulo(*state.store, drv);
-
-  state.mkAttrs(v, 1 + drv.outputs.size());
-  mkString(*state.allocAttr(v, state.sDrvPath), drvPath, {"=" + drvPath});
-  for (auto& i : drv.outputs) {
-    mkString(*state.allocAttr(v, state.symbols.Create(i.first)), i.second.path,
-             {"!" + i.first + "!" + drvPath});
-  }
-}
-
-/* Return a placeholder string for the specified output that will be
-   substituted by the corresponding output path at build time. For
-   example, 'placeholder "out"' returns the string
-   /1rz4g4znpzjwh1xymhjpm42vipw92pr73vdgl6xs1hycac8kf2n9. At build
-   time, any occurence of this string in an derivation attribute will
-   be replaced with the concrete path in the Nix store of the output
-   ‘out’. */
-static void prim_placeholder(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                             Value& v) {
-  mkString(v, hashPlaceholder(state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos)));
-}
-
-/*************************************************************
- * Paths
- *************************************************************/
-
-/* Convert the argument to a path.  !!! obsolete? */
-static void prim_toPath(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                        Value& v) {
-  PathSet context;
-  Path path = state.coerceToPath(pos, *args[0], context);
-  mkString(v, canonPath(path), context);
-}
-
-/* Allow a valid store path to be used in an expression.  This is
-   useful in some generated expressions such as in nix-push, which
-   generates a call to a function with an already existing store path
-   as argument.  You don't want to use `toPath' here because it copies
-   the path to the Nix store, which yields a copy like
-   /nix/store/newhash-oldhash-oldname.  In the past, `toPath' had
-   special case behaviour for store paths, but that created weird
-   corner cases. */
-static void prim_storePath(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                           Value& v) {
-  PathSet context;
-  Path path = state.checkSourcePath(state.coerceToPath(pos, *args[0], context));
-  /* Resolve symlinks in ‘path’, unless ‘path’ itself is a symlink
-     directly in the store.  The latter condition is necessary so
-     e.g. nix-push does the right thing. */
-  if (!state.store->isStorePath(path)) {
-    path = canonPath(path, true);
-  }
-  if (!state.store->isInStore(path)) {
-    throw EvalError(format("path '%1%' is not in the Nix store, at %2%") %
-                    path % pos);
-  }
-  Path path2 = state.store->toStorePath(path);
-  if (!settings.readOnlyMode) {
-    state.store->ensurePath(path2);
-  }
-  context.insert(path2);
-  mkString(v, path, context);
-}
-
-static void prim_pathExists(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                            Value& v) {
-  PathSet context;
-  Path path = state.coerceToPath(pos, *args[0], context);
-  try {
-    state.realiseContext(context);
-  } catch (InvalidPathError& e) {
-    throw EvalError(format("cannot check the existence of '%1%', since path "
-                           "'%2%' is not valid, at %3%") %
-                    path % e.path % pos);
-  }
-
-  try {
-    mkBool(v, pathExists(state.checkSourcePath(path)));
-  } catch (SysError& e) {
-    /* Don't give away info from errors while canonicalising
-       ‘path’ in restricted mode. */
-    mkBool(v, false);
-  } catch (RestrictedPathError& e) {
-    mkBool(v, false);
-  }
-}
-
-/* Return the base name of the given string, i.e., everything
-   following the last slash. */
-static void prim_baseNameOf(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                            Value& v) {
-  PathSet context;
-  mkString(
-      v, baseNameOf(state.coerceToString(pos, *args[0], context, false, false)),
-      context);
-}
-
-/* Return the directory of the given path, i.e., everything before the
-   last slash.  Return either a path or a string depending on the type
-   of the argument. */
-static void prim_dirOf(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                       Value& v) {
-  PathSet context;
-  Path dir = dirOf(state.coerceToString(pos, *args[0], context, false, false));
-  if (args[0]->type == tPath) {
-    mkPath(v, dir.c_str());
-  } else {
-    mkString(v, dir, context);
-  }
-}
-
-/* Return the contents of a file as a string. */
-static void prim_readFile(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                          Value& v) {
-  PathSet context;
-  Path path = state.coerceToPath(pos, *args[0], context);
-  try {
-    state.realiseContext(context);
-  } catch (InvalidPathError& e) {
-    throw EvalError(
-        format("cannot read '%1%', since path '%2%' is not valid, at %3%") %
-        path % e.path % pos);
-  }
-  std::string s =
-      readFile(state.checkSourcePath(state.toRealPath(path, context)));
-  if (s.find(static_cast<char>(0)) != std::string::npos) {
-    throw Error(format("the contents of the file '%1%' cannot be represented "
-                       "as a Nix string") %
-                path);
-  }
-  mkString(v, s.c_str());
-}
-
-/* Find a file in the Nix search path. Used to implement <x> paths,
-   which are desugared to 'findFile __nixPath "x"'. */
-static void prim_findFile(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                          Value& v) {
-  state.forceList(*args[0], pos);
-
-  SearchPath searchPath;
-
-  for (unsigned int n = 0; n < args[0]->listSize(); ++n) {
-    Value& v2(*(*args[0]->list)[n]);
-    state.forceAttrs(v2, pos);
-
-    std::string prefix;
-    Bindings::iterator i = v2.attrs->find(state.symbols.Create("prefix"));
-    if (i != v2.attrs->end()) {
-      prefix = state.forceStringNoCtx(*i->second.value, pos);
-    }
-
-    i = v2.attrs->find(state.symbols.Create("path"));
-    if (i == v2.attrs->end()) {
-      throw EvalError(format("attribute 'path' missing, at %1%") % pos);
-    }
-
-    PathSet context;
-    std::string path =
-        state.coerceToString(pos, *i->second.value, context, false, false);
-
-    try {
-      state.realiseContext(context);
-    } catch (InvalidPathError& e) {
-      throw EvalError(
-          format("cannot find '%1%', since path '%2%' is not valid, at %3%") %
-          path % e.path % pos);
-    }
-
-    searchPath.emplace_back(prefix, path);
-  }
-
-  std::string path = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[1], pos);
-
-  mkPath(v,
-         state.checkSourcePath(state.findFile(searchPath, path, pos)).c_str());
-}
-
-/* Return the cryptographic hash of a file in base-16. */
-static void prim_hashFile(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                          Value& v) {
-  std::string type = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
-  HashType ht = parseHashType(type);
-  if (ht == htUnknown) {
-    throw Error(format("unknown hash type '%1%', at %2%") % type % pos);
-  }
-
-  PathSet context;  // discarded
-  Path p = state.coerceToPath(pos, *args[1], context);
-
-  mkString(v, hashFile(ht, state.checkSourcePath(p)).to_string(Base16, false),
-           context);
-}
-
-/* Read a directory (without . or ..) */
-static void prim_readDir(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                         Value& v) {
-  PathSet ctx;
-  Path path = state.coerceToPath(pos, *args[0], ctx);
-  try {
-    state.realiseContext(ctx);
-  } catch (InvalidPathError& e) {
-    throw EvalError(
-        format("cannot read '%1%', since path '%2%' is not valid, at %3%") %
-        path % e.path % pos);
-  }
-
-  DirEntries entries = readDirectory(state.checkSourcePath(path));
-  state.mkAttrs(v, entries.size());
-
-  for (auto& ent : entries) {
-    Value* ent_val = state.allocAttr(v, state.symbols.Create(ent.name));
-    if (ent.type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
-      ent.type = getFileType(path + "/" + ent.name);
-    }
-    mkStringNoCopy(*ent_val, ent.type == DT_REG   ? "regular"
-                             : ent.type == DT_DIR ? "directory"
-                             : ent.type == DT_LNK ? "symlink"
-                                                  : "unknown");
-  }
-}
-
-/*************************************************************
- * Creating files
- *************************************************************/
-
-/* Convert the argument (which can be any Nix expression) to an XML
-   representation returned in a string.  Not all Nix expressions can
-   be sensibly or completely represented (e.g., functions). */
-static void prim_toXML(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                       Value& v) {
-  std::ostringstream out;
-  PathSet context;
-  printValueAsXML(state, true, false, *args[0], out, context);
-  mkString(v, out.str(), context);
-}
-
-/* Convert the argument (which can be any Nix expression) to a JSON
-   string.  Not all Nix expressions can be sensibly or completely
-   represented (e.g., functions). */
-static void prim_toJSON(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                        Value& v) {
-  std::ostringstream out;
-  PathSet context;
-  printValueAsJSON(state, true, *args[0], out, context);
-  mkString(v, out.str(), context);
-}
-
-/* Parse a JSON string to a value. */
-static void prim_fromJSON(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                          Value& v) {
-  std::string s = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
-  parseJSON(state, s, v);
-}
-
-/* Store a string in the Nix store as a source file that can be used
-   as an input by derivations. */
-static void prim_toFile(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                        Value& v) {
-  PathSet context;
-  std::string name = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
-  std::string contents = state.forceString(*args[1], context, pos);
-
-  PathSet refs;
-
-  for (auto path : context) {
-    if (path.at(0) != '/') {
-      throw EvalError(format("in 'toFile': the file '%1%' cannot refer to "
-                             "derivation outputs, at %2%") %
-                      name % pos);
-    }
-    refs.insert(path);
-  }
-
-  Path storePath =
-      settings.readOnlyMode
-          ? state.store->computeStorePathForText(name, contents, refs)
-          : state.store->addTextToStore(name, contents, refs, state.repair);
-
-  /* Note: we don't need to add `context' to the context of the
-     result, since `storePath' itself has references to the paths
-     used in args[1]. */
-
-  mkString(v, storePath, {storePath});
-}
-
-static void addPath(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, const std::string& name,
-                    const Path& path_, Value* filterFun, bool recursive,
-                    const Hash& expectedHash, Value& v) {
-  const auto path = evalSettings.pureEval && expectedHash
-                        ? path_
-                        : state.checkSourcePath(path_);
-  PathFilter filter = filterFun != nullptr ? ([&](const Path& path) {
-    auto st = lstat(path);
-
-    /* Call the filter function.  The first argument is the path,
-       the second is a string indicating the type of the file. */
-    Value arg1;
-    mkString(arg1, path);
-
-    Value fun2;
-    state.callFunction(*filterFun, arg1, fun2, noPos);
-
-    Value arg2;
-    mkString(arg2, S_ISREG(st.st_mode)   ? "regular"
-                   : S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? "directory"
-                   : S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)
-                       ? "symlink"
-                       : "unknown" /* not supported, will fail! */);
-
-    Value res;
-    state.callFunction(fun2, arg2, res, noPos);
-
-    return state.forceBool(res, pos);
-  })
-                                           : defaultPathFilter;
-
-  Path expectedStorePath;
-  if (expectedHash) {
-    expectedStorePath =
-        state.store->makeFixedOutputPath(recursive, expectedHash, name);
-  }
-  Path dstPath;
-  if (!expectedHash || !state.store->isValidPath(expectedStorePath)) {
-    dstPath = settings.readOnlyMode
-                  ? state.store
-                        ->computeStorePathForPath(name, path, recursive,
-                                                  htSHA256, filter)
-                        .first
-                  : state.store->addToStore(name, path, recursive, htSHA256,
-                                            filter, state.repair);
-    if (expectedHash && expectedStorePath != dstPath) {
-      throw Error(format("store path mismatch in (possibly filtered) path "
-                         "added from '%1%'") %
-                  path);
-    }
-  } else {
-    dstPath = expectedStorePath;
-  }
-
-  mkString(v, dstPath, {dstPath});
-}
-
-static void prim_filterSource(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                              Value& v) {
-  PathSet context;
-  Path path = state.coerceToPath(pos, *args[1], context);
-  if (!context.empty()) {
-    throw EvalError(format("string '%1%' cannot refer to other paths, at %2%") %
-                    path % pos);
-  }
-
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-  if (args[0]->type != tLambda) {
-    throw TypeError(format("first argument in call to 'filterSource' is not a "
-                           "function but %1%, at %2%") %
-                    showType(*args[0]) % pos);
-  }
-
-  addPath(state, pos, baseNameOf(path), path, args[0], true, Hash(), v);
-}
-
-static void prim_path(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                      Value& v) {
-  state.forceAttrs(*args[0], pos);
-  Path path;
-  std::string name;
-  Value* filterFun = nullptr;
-  auto recursive = true;
-  Hash expectedHash;
-
-  for (auto& attr : *args[0]->attrs) {
-    const std::string& n(attr.second.name);
-    if (n == "path") {
-      PathSet context;
-      path = state.coerceToPath(*attr.second.pos, *attr.second.value, context);
-      if (!context.empty()) {
-        throw EvalError(
-            format("string '%1%' cannot refer to other paths, at %2%") % path %
-            *attr.second.pos);
-      }
-    } else if (attr.second.name == state.sName) {
-      name = state.forceStringNoCtx(*attr.second.value, *attr.second.pos);
-    } else if (n == "filter") {
-      state.forceValue(*attr.second.value);
-      filterFun = attr.second.value;
-    } else if (n == "recursive") {
-      recursive = state.forceBool(*attr.second.value, *attr.second.pos);
-    } else if (n == "sha256") {
-      auto hash_ = Hash::deserialize(
-          state.forceStringNoCtx(*attr.second.value, *attr.second.pos),
-          htSHA256);
-      expectedHash = Hash::unwrap_throw(hash_);
-    } else {
-      throw EvalError(
-          format("unsupported argument '%1%' to 'addPath', at %2%") %
-          attr.second.name % *attr.second.pos);
-    }
-  }
-  if (path.empty()) {
-    throw EvalError(format("'path' required, at %1%") % pos);
-  }
-  if (name.empty()) {
-    name = baseNameOf(path);
-  }
-
-  addPath(state, pos, name, path, filterFun, recursive, expectedHash, v);
-}
-
-/*************************************************************
- * Sets
- *************************************************************/
-
-/* Return the names of the attributes in a set as a sorted list of
-   strings. */
-static void prim_attrNames(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                           Value& v) {
-  state.forceAttrs(*args[0], pos);
-
-  state.mkList(v, args[0]->attrs->size());
-
-  unsigned int n = 0;
-  for (auto& [key, value] : *args[0]->attrs) {
-    mkString(*((*v.list)[n++] = state.allocValue()), key);
-  }
-}
-
-/* Return the values of the attributes in a set as a list, in the same
-   order as attrNames. */
-static void prim_attrValues(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** input,
-                            Value& output) {
-  state.forceAttrs(*input[0], pos);
-
-  state.mkList(output, input[0]->attrs->size());
-
-  unsigned int n = 0;
-  for (auto& [key, value] : *input[0]->attrs) {
-    (*output.list)[n++] = value.value;
-  }
-}
-
-/* Dynamic version of the `.' operator. */
-void prim_getAttr(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args, Value& v) {
-  std::string attr = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceAttrs(*args[1], pos);
-  // !!! Should we create a symbol here or just do a lookup?
-  Bindings::iterator i = args[1]->attrs->find(state.symbols.Create(attr));
-  if (i == args[1]->attrs->end()) {
-    throw EvalError(format("attribute '%1%' missing, at %2%") % attr % pos);
-  }
-  // !!! add to stack trace?
-  if (state.countCalls && (i->second.pos != nullptr)) {
-    state.attrSelects[*i->second.pos]++;
-  }
-  state.forceValue(*i->second.value);
-  v = *i->second.value;
-}
-
-/* Return position information of the specified attribute. */
-void prim_unsafeGetAttrPos(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                           Value& v) {
-  std::string attr = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceAttrs(*args[1], pos);
-  Bindings::iterator i = args[1]->attrs->find(state.symbols.Create(attr));
-  if (i == args[1]->attrs->end()) {
-    mkNull(v);
-  } else {
-    state.mkPos(v, i->second.pos);
-  }
-}
-
-/* Dynamic version of the `?' operator. */
-static void prim_hasAttr(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                         Value& v) {
-  std::string attr = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceAttrs(*args[1], pos);
-  mkBool(v, args[1]->attrs->find(state.symbols.Create(attr)) !=
-                args[1]->attrs->end());
-}
-
-/* Determine whether the argument is a set. */
-static void prim_isAttrs(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                         Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-  mkBool(v, args[0]->type == tAttrs);
-}
-
-static void prim_removeAttrs(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                             Value& v) {
-  state.forceAttrs(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceList(*args[1], pos);
-
-  /* Get the attribute names to be removed. */
-  std::set<Symbol> names;
-  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < args[1]->listSize(); ++i) {
-    state.forceStringNoCtx(*(*args[1]->list)[i], pos);
-    names.insert(state.symbols.Create((*args[1]->list)[i]->string.s));
-  }
-
-  /* Copy all attributes not in that set.  Note that we don't need
-     to sort v.attrs because it's a subset of an already sorted
-     vector. */
-  state.mkAttrs(v, args[0]->attrs->size());
-  for (auto& i : *args[0]->attrs) {
-    if (names.find(i.second.name) == names.end()) {
-      v.attrs->push_back(i.second);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/* Builds a set from a list specifying (name, value) pairs.  To be
-   precise, a list [{name = "name1"; value = value1;} ... {name =
-   "nameN"; value = valueN;}] is transformed to {name1 = value1;
-   ... nameN = valueN;}.  In case of duplicate occurences of the same
-   name, the first takes precedence. */
-static void prim_listToAttrs(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                             Value& v) {
-  state.forceList(*args[0], pos);
-
-  state.mkAttrs(v, args[0]->listSize());
-
-  std::set<Symbol> seen;
-
-  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < args[0]->listSize(); ++i) {
-    Value& v2(*(*args[0]->list)[i]);
-    state.forceAttrs(v2, pos);
-
-    Bindings::iterator j = v2.attrs->find(state.sName);
-    if (j == v2.attrs->end()) {
-      throw TypeError(
-          format(
-              "'name' attribute missing in a call to 'listToAttrs', at %1%") %
-          pos);
-    }
-    std::string name = state.forceStringNoCtx(*j->second.value, pos);
-
-    Symbol sym = state.symbols.Create(name);
-    if (seen.find(sym) == seen.end()) {
-      Bindings::iterator j2 =
-          // TODO(tazjin): this line used to construct the symbol again:
-          // state.symbols.Create(state.sValue));
-          // Why?
-          v2.attrs->find(state.sValue);
-      if (j2 == v2.attrs->end()) {
-        throw TypeError(format("'value' attribute missing in a call to "
-                               "'listToAttrs', at %1%") %
-                        pos);
-      }
-
-      v.attrs->push_back(Attr(sym, j2->second.value, j2->second.pos));
-      seen.insert(sym);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/* Return the right-biased intersection of two sets as1 and as2,
-   i.e. a set that contains every attribute from as2 that is also a
-   member of as1. */
-static void prim_intersectAttrs(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                                Value& v) {
-  state.forceAttrs(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceAttrs(*args[1], pos);
-
-  state.mkAttrs(v, std::min(args[0]->attrs->size(), args[1]->attrs->size()));
-
-  for (auto& i : *args[0]->attrs) {
-    Bindings::iterator j = args[1]->attrs->find(i.second.name);
-    if (j != args[1]->attrs->end()) {
-      v.attrs->push_back(j->second);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/* Collect each attribute named `attr' from a list of attribute sets.
-   Sets that don't contain the named attribute are ignored.
-
-   Example:
-     catAttrs "a" [{a = 1;} {b = 0;} {a = 2;}]
-     => [1 2]
-*/
-static void prim_catAttrs(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                          Value& v) {
-  Symbol attrName = state.symbols.Create(state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos));
-  state.forceList(*args[1], pos);
-
-  Value* res[args[1]->listSize()];
-  unsigned int found = 0;
-
-  for (unsigned int n = 0; n < args[1]->listSize(); ++n) {
-    Value& v2(*(*args[1]->list)[n]);
-    state.forceAttrs(v2, pos);
-    Bindings::iterator i = v2.attrs->find(attrName);
-    if (i != v2.attrs->end()) {
-      res[found++] = i->second.value;
-    }
-  }
-
-  state.mkList(v, found);
-  for (unsigned int n = 0; n < found; ++n) {
-    (*v.list)[n] = res[n];
-  }
-}
-
-/* Return a set containing the names of the formal arguments expected
-   by the function `f'.  The value of each attribute is a Boolean
-   denoting whether the corresponding argument has a default value.  For
-   instance,
-
-      functionArgs ({ x, y ? 123}: ...)
-   => { x = false; y = true; }
-
-   "Formal argument" here refers to the attributes pattern-matched by
-   the function.  Plain lambdas are not included, e.g.
-
-      functionArgs (x: ...)
-   => { }
-*/
-static void prim_functionArgs(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                              Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-  if (args[0]->type == tPrimOpApp || args[0]->type == tPrimOp) {
-    state.mkAttrs(v, 0);
-    return;
-  }
-  if (args[0]->type != tLambda) {
-    throw TypeError(format("'functionArgs' requires a function, at %1%") % pos);
-  }
-
-  if (!args[0]->lambda.fun->matchAttrs) {
-    state.mkAttrs(v, 0);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  state.mkAttrs(v, args[0]->lambda.fun->formals->formals.size());
-  for (auto& i : args[0]->lambda.fun->formals->formals) {
-    // !!! should optimise booleans (allocate only once)
-    // TODO(tazjin): figure out what the above comment means
-    mkBool(*state.allocAttr(v, i.name), i.def != nullptr);
-  }
-}
-
-/* Apply a function to every element of an attribute set. */
-static void prim_mapAttrs(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                          Value& v) {
-  state.forceAttrs(*args[1], pos);
-
-  state.mkAttrs(v, args[1]->attrs->size());
-
-  for (auto& i : *args[1]->attrs) {
-    Value* vName = state.allocValue();
-    Value* vFun2 = state.allocValue();
-    mkString(*vName, i.second.name);
-    mkApp(*vFun2, *args[0], *vName);
-    mkApp(*state.allocAttr(v, i.second.name), *vFun2, *i.second.value);
-  }
-}
-
-/*************************************************************
- * Lists
- *************************************************************/
-
-/* Determine whether the argument is a list. */
-static void prim_isList(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                        Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-  mkBool(v, args[0]->isList());
-}
-
-static void elemAt(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value& list, int n,
-                   Value& v) {
-  state.forceList(list, pos);
-  if (n < 0 || static_cast<unsigned int>(n) >= list.listSize()) {
-    throw Error(format("list index %1% is out of bounds, at %2%") % n % pos);
-  }
-  state.forceValue(*(*list.list)[n]);
-  v = *(*list.list)[n];
-}
-
-/* Return the n-1'th element of a list. */
-static void prim_elemAt(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                        Value& v) {
-  elemAt(state, pos, *args[0], state.forceInt(*args[1], pos), v);
-}
-
-/* Return the first element of a list. */
-static void prim_head(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                      Value& v) {
-  elemAt(state, pos, *args[0], 0, v);
-}
-
-/* Return a list consisting of everything but the first element of
-   a list.  Warning: this function takes O(n) time, so you probably
-   don't want to use it!  */
-static void prim_tail(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                      Value& v) {
-  state.forceList(*args[0], pos);
-  if (args[0]->listSize() == 0) {
-    throw Error(format("'tail' called on an empty list, at %1%") % pos);
-  }
-  state.mkList(v, args[0]->listSize() - 1);
-  for (unsigned int n = 0; n < v.listSize(); ++n) {
-    (*v.list)[n] = (*args[0]->list)[n + 1];
-  }
-}
-
-/* Apply a function to every element of a list. */
-static void prim_map(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args, Value& v) {
-  state.forceList(*args[1], pos);
-
-  state.mkList(v, args[1]->listSize());
-
-  for (unsigned int n = 0; n < v.listSize(); ++n) {
-    mkApp(*((*v.list)[n] = state.allocValue()), *args[0], *(*args[1]->list)[n]);
-  }
-}
-
-/* Filter a list using a predicate; that is, return a list containing
-   every element from the list for which the predicate function
-   returns true. */
-static void prim_filter(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                        Value& v) {
-  state.forceFunction(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceList(*args[1], pos);
-
-  // FIXME: putting this on the stack is risky.
-  Value* vs[args[1]->listSize()];
-  unsigned int k = 0;
-
-  bool same = true;
-  for (unsigned int n = 0; n < args[1]->listSize(); ++n) {
-    Value res;
-    state.callFunction(*args[0], *(*args[1]->list)[n], res, noPos);
-    if (state.forceBool(res, pos)) {
-      vs[k++] = (*args[1]->list)[n];
-    } else {
-      same = false;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (same) {
-    v = *args[1];
-  } else {
-    state.mkList(v, k);
-    for (unsigned int n = 0; n < k; ++n) {
-      (*v.list)[n] = vs[n];
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/* Return true if a list contains a given element. */
-static void prim_elem(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                      Value& v) {
-  bool res = false;
-  state.forceList(*args[1], pos);
-  for (unsigned int n = 0; n < args[1]->listSize(); ++n) {
-    if (state.eqValues(*args[0], *(*args[1]->list)[n])) {
-      res = true;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  mkBool(v, res);
-}
-
-/* Concatenate a list of lists. */
-static void prim_concatLists(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                             Value& v) {
-  state.forceList(*args[0], pos);
-  state.concatLists(v, *args[0]->list, pos);
-}
-
-/* Return the length of a list.  This is an O(1) time operation. */
-static void prim_length(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                        Value& v) {
-  state.forceList(*args[0], pos);
-  mkInt(v, args[0]->listSize());
-}
-
-/* Reduce a list by applying a binary operator, from left to
-   right. The operator is applied strictly. */
-static void prim_foldlStrict(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                             Value& v) {
-  state.forceFunction(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceList(*args[2], pos);
-
-  if (args[2]->listSize() != 0u) {
-    Value* vCur = args[1];
-
-    for (unsigned int n = 0; n < args[2]->listSize(); ++n) {
-      Value vTmp;
-      state.callFunction(*args[0], *vCur, vTmp, pos);
-      vCur = n == args[2]->listSize() - 1 ? &v : state.allocValue();
-      state.callFunction(vTmp, *(*args[2]->list)[n], *vCur, pos);
-    }
-    state.forceValue(v);
-  } else {
-    state.forceValue(*args[1]);
-    v = *args[1];
-  }
-}
-
-static void anyOrAll(bool any, EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                     Value& v) {
-  state.forceFunction(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceList(*args[1], pos);
-
-  Value vTmp;
-  for (unsigned int n = 0; n < args[1]->listSize(); ++n) {
-    state.callFunction(*args[0], *(*args[1]->list)[n], vTmp, pos);
-    bool res = state.forceBool(vTmp, pos);
-    if (res == any) {
-      mkBool(v, any);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
-  mkBool(v, !any);
-}
-
-static void prim_any(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args, Value& v) {
-  anyOrAll(true, state, pos, args, v);
-}
-
-static void prim_all(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args, Value& v) {
-  anyOrAll(false, state, pos, args, v);
-}
-
-static void prim_genList(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                         Value& v) {
-  auto len = state.forceInt(*args[1], pos);
-
-  if (len < 0) {
-    throw EvalError(format("cannot create list of size %1%, at %2%") % len %
-                    pos);
-  }
-
-  state.mkList(v, len);
-
-  for (unsigned int n = 0; n < static_cast<unsigned int>(len); ++n) {
-    Value* arg = state.allocValue();
-    mkInt(*arg, n);
-    mkApp(*((*v.list)[n] = state.allocValue()), *args[0], *arg);
-  }
-}
-
-static void prim_lessThan(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                          Value& v);
-
-static void prim_sort(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                      Value& v) {
-  state.forceFunction(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceList(*args[1], pos);
-
-  // Copy of the input list which can be sorted in place.
-  v.type = tList;
-  v.list = std::make_shared<NixList>(*args[1]->list);
-
-  std::for_each(v.list->begin(), v.list->end(),
-                [&](Value* val) { state.forceValue(*val); });
-
-  auto comparator = [&](Value* a, Value* b) {
-    /* Optimization: if the comparator is lessThan, bypass
-       callFunction. */
-    if (args[0]->type == tPrimOp && args[0]->primOp->fun == prim_lessThan) {
-      return CompareValues()(a, b);
-    }
-
-    Value vTmp1{};
-    Value vTmp2{};
-    state.callFunction(*args[0], *a, vTmp1, pos);
-    state.callFunction(vTmp1, *b, vTmp2, pos);
-    return state.forceBool(vTmp2, pos);
-  };
-
-  /* FIXME: std::sort can segfault if the comparator is not a strict
-     weak ordering. What to do? std::stable_sort() seems more
-     resilient, but no guarantees... */
-  std::stable_sort(v.list->begin(), v.list->end(), comparator);
-}
-
-static void prim_partition(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                           Value& v) {
-  state.forceFunction(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceList(*args[1], pos);
-
-  std::shared_ptr<NixList> right = std::make_shared<NixList>();
-  std::shared_ptr<NixList> wrong = std::make_shared<NixList>();
-
-  for (Value* elem : *args[1]->list) {
-    state.forceValue(*elem, pos);
-
-    Value res;
-    state.callFunction(*args[0], *elem, res, pos);
-    if (state.forceBool(res, pos)) {
-      right->push_back(elem);
-    } else {
-      wrong->push_back(elem);
-    }
-  }
-
-  state.mkAttrs(v, 2);
-
-  Value* vRight = state.allocAttr(v, state.sRight);
-  state.mkList(*vRight, right);
-
-  Value* vWrong = state.allocAttr(v, state.sWrong);
-  state.mkList(*vWrong, wrong);
-}
-
-/* concatMap = f: list: concatLists (map f list); */
-/* C++-version is to avoid allocating `mkApp', call `f' eagerly */
-static void prim_concatMap(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                           Value& v) {
-  state.forceFunction(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceList(*args[1], pos);
-
-  std::shared_ptr<NixList> outlist = std::make_shared<NixList>();
-
-  for (Value* elem : *args[1]->list) {
-    auto out = state.allocValue();
-    state.callFunction(*args[0], *elem, *out, pos);
-    state.forceList(*out, pos);
-
-    outlist->insert(outlist->end(), out->list->begin(), out->list->end());
-  }
-
-  state.mkList(v, outlist);
-}
-
-/*************************************************************
- * Integer arithmetic
- *************************************************************/
-
-static void prim_add(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args, Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceValue(*args[1], pos);
-  if (args[0]->type == tFloat || args[1]->type == tFloat) {
-    mkFloat(v,
-            state.forceFloat(*args[0], pos) + state.forceFloat(*args[1], pos));
-  } else {
-    mkInt(v, state.forceInt(*args[0], pos) + state.forceInt(*args[1], pos));
-  }
-}
-
-static void prim_sub(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args, Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceValue(*args[1], pos);
-  if (args[0]->type == tFloat || args[1]->type == tFloat) {
-    mkFloat(v,
-            state.forceFloat(*args[0], pos) - state.forceFloat(*args[1], pos));
-  } else {
-    mkInt(v, state.forceInt(*args[0], pos) - state.forceInt(*args[1], pos));
-  }
-}
-
-static void prim_mul(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args, Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceValue(*args[1], pos);
-  if (args[0]->type == tFloat || args[1]->type == tFloat) {
-    mkFloat(v,
-            state.forceFloat(*args[0], pos) * state.forceFloat(*args[1], pos));
-  } else {
-    mkInt(v, state.forceInt(*args[0], pos) * state.forceInt(*args[1], pos));
-  }
-}
-
-static void prim_div(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args, Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceValue(*args[1], pos);
-
-  NixFloat f2 = state.forceFloat(*args[1], pos);
-  if (f2 == 0) {
-    throw EvalError(format("division by zero, at %1%") % pos);
-  }
-
-  if (args[0]->type == tFloat || args[1]->type == tFloat) {
-    mkFloat(v,
-            state.forceFloat(*args[0], pos) / state.forceFloat(*args[1], pos));
-  } else {
-    NixInt i1 = state.forceInt(*args[0], pos);
-    NixInt i2 = state.forceInt(*args[1], pos);
-    /* Avoid division overflow as it might raise SIGFPE. */
-    if (i1 == std::numeric_limits<NixInt>::min() && i2 == -1) {
-      throw EvalError(format("overflow in integer division, at %1%") % pos);
-    }
-    mkInt(v, i1 / i2);
-  }
-}
-
-static void prim_bitAnd(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                        Value& v) {
-  mkInt(v, state.forceInt(*args[0], pos) & state.forceInt(*args[1], pos));
-}
-
-static void prim_bitOr(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                       Value& v) {
-  mkInt(v, state.forceInt(*args[0], pos) | state.forceInt(*args[1], pos));
-}
-
-static void prim_bitXor(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                        Value& v) {
-  mkInt(v, state.forceInt(*args[0], pos) ^ state.forceInt(*args[1], pos));
-}
-
-static void prim_lessThan(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                          Value& v) {
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-  state.forceValue(*args[1]);
-  CompareValues comp;
-  mkBool(v, comp(args[0], args[1]));
-}
-
-/*************************************************************
- * String manipulation
- *************************************************************/
-
-/* Convert the argument to a string.  Paths are *not* copied to the
-   store, so `toString /foo/bar' yields `"/foo/bar"', not
-   `"/nix/store/whatever..."'. */
-static void prim_toString(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                          Value& v) {
-  PathSet context;
-  std::string s = state.coerceToString(pos, *args[0], context, true, false);
-  mkString(v, s, context);
-}
-
-/* `substring start len str' returns the substring of `str' starting
-   at character position `min(start, stringLength str)' inclusive and
-   ending at `min(start + len, stringLength str)'.  `start' must be
-   non-negative. */
-static void prim_substring(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                           Value& v) {
-  int start = state.forceInt(*args[0], pos);
-  int len = state.forceInt(*args[1], pos);
-  PathSet context;
-  std::string s = state.coerceToString(pos, *args[2], context);
-
-  if (start < 0) {
-    throw EvalError(format("negative start position in 'substring', at %1%") %
-                    pos);
-  }
-
-  mkString(v,
-           static_cast<unsigned int>(start) >= s.size()
-               ? ""
-               : std::string(s, start, len),
-           context);
-}
-
-static void prim_stringLength(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                              Value& v) {
-  PathSet context;
-  std::string s = state.coerceToString(pos, *args[0], context);
-  mkInt(v, s.size());
-}
-
-/* Return the cryptographic hash of a string in base-16. */
-static void prim_hashString(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                            Value& v) {
-  std::string type = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
-  HashType ht = parseHashType(type);
-  if (ht == htUnknown) {
-    throw Error(format("unknown hash type '%1%', at %2%") % type % pos);
-  }
-
-  PathSet context;  // discarded
-  std::string s = state.forceString(*args[1], context, pos);
-
-  mkString(v, hashString(ht, s).to_string(Base16, false), context);
-}
-
-/* Match a regular expression against a string and return either
-   ‘null’ or a list containing substring matches. */
-static void prim_match(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                       Value& v) {
-  auto re = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
-
-  try {
-    std::regex regex(re, std::regex::extended);
-
-    PathSet context;
-    const std::string str = state.forceString(*args[1], context, pos);
-
-    std::smatch match;
-    if (!std::regex_match(str, match, regex)) {
-      mkNull(v);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // the first match is the whole string
-    const size_t len = match.size() - 1;
-    state.mkList(v, len);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-      if (!match[i + 1].matched) {
-        mkNull(*((*v.list)[i] = state.allocValue()));
-      } else {
-        mkString(*((*v.list)[i] = state.allocValue()),
-                 match[i + 1].str().c_str());
-      }
-    }
-
-  } catch (std::regex_error& e) {
-    if (e.code() == std::regex_constants::error_space) {
-      // limit is _GLIBCXX_REGEX_STATE_LIMIT for libstdc++
-      throw EvalError("memory limit exceeded by regular expression '%s', at %s",
-                      re, pos);
-    }
-    throw EvalError("invalid regular expression '%s', at %s", re, pos);
-  }
-}
-
-/* Split a std::string with a regular expression, and return a list of the
-   non-matching parts interleaved by the lists of the matching groups. */
-static void prim_split(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                       Value& v) {
-  auto re = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
-
-  try {
-    std::regex regex(re, std::regex::extended);
-
-    PathSet context;
-    const std::string str = state.forceString(*args[1], context, pos);
-
-    auto begin = std::sregex_iterator(str.begin(), str.end(), regex);
-    auto end = std::sregex_iterator();
-
-    // Any matches results are surrounded by non-matching results.
-    const size_t len = std::distance(begin, end);
-    state.mkList(v, 2 * len + 1);
-    size_t idx = 0;
-    Value* elem;
-
-    if (len == 0) {
-      (*v.list)[idx++] = args[1];
-      return;
-    }
-
-    for (std::sregex_iterator i = begin; i != end; ++i) {
-      assert(idx <= 2 * len + 1 - 3);
-      std::smatch match = *i;
-
-      // Add a string for non-matched characters.
-      elem = (*v.list)[idx++] = state.allocValue();
-      mkString(*elem, match.prefix().str().c_str());
-
-      // Add a list for matched substrings.
-      const size_t slen = match.size() - 1;
-      elem = (*v.list)[idx++] = state.allocValue();
-
-      // Start at 1, beacause the first match is the whole string.
-      state.mkList(*elem, slen);
-      for (size_t si = 0; si < slen; ++si) {
-        if (!match[si + 1].matched) {
-          mkNull(*((*elem->list)[si] = state.allocValue()));
-        } else {
-          mkString(*((*elem->list)[si] = state.allocValue()),
-                   match[si + 1].str().c_str());
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Add a string for non-matched suffix characters.
-      if (idx == 2 * len) {
-        elem = (*v.list)[idx++] = state.allocValue();
-        mkString(*elem, match.suffix().str().c_str());
-      }
-    }
-    assert(idx == 2 * len + 1);
-
-  } catch (std::regex_error& e) {
-    if (e.code() == std::regex_constants::error_space) {
-      // limit is _GLIBCXX_REGEX_STATE_LIMIT for libstdc++
-      throw EvalError("memory limit exceeded by regular expression '%s', at %s",
-                      re, pos);
-    }
-    throw EvalError("invalid regular expression '%s', at %s", re, pos);
-  }
-}
-
-static void prim_concatStringSep(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                                 Value& v) {
-  PathSet context;
-
-  auto sep = state.forceString(*args[0], context, pos);
-  state.forceList(*args[1], pos);
-
-  std::string res;
-  res.reserve((args[1]->listSize() + 32) * sep.size());
-  bool first = true;
-
-  for (unsigned int n = 0; n < args[1]->listSize(); ++n) {
-    if (first) {
-      first = false;
-    } else {
-      res += sep;
-    }
-
-    res += state.coerceToString(pos, *(*args[1]->list)[n], context);
-  }
-
-  mkString(v, res, context);
-}
-
-static void prim_replaceStrings(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                                Value& v) {
-  state.forceList(*args[0], pos);
-  state.forceList(*args[1], pos);
-  if (args[0]->listSize() != args[1]->listSize()) {
-    throw EvalError(format("'from' and 'to' arguments to 'replaceStrings' have "
-                           "different lengths, at %1%") %
-                    pos);
-  }
-
-  std::vector<std::string> from;
-  from.reserve(args[0]->listSize());
-  for (unsigned int n = 0; n < args[0]->listSize(); ++n) {
-    from.push_back(state.forceString(*(*args[0]->list)[n], pos));
-  }
-
-  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, PathSet>> to;
-  to.reserve(args[1]->listSize());
-  for (unsigned int n = 0; n < args[1]->listSize(); ++n) {
-    PathSet ctx;
-    auto s = state.forceString(*(*args[1]->list)[n], ctx, pos);
-    to.emplace_back(std::move(s), std::move(ctx));
-  }
-
-  PathSet context;
-  auto s = state.forceString(*args[2], context, pos);
-
-  std::string res;
-  // Loops one past last character to handle the case where 'from' contains an
-  // empty string.
-  for (size_t p = 0; p <= s.size();) {
-    bool found = false;
-    auto i = from.begin();
-    auto j = to.begin();
-    for (; i != from.end(); ++i, ++j) {
-      if (s.compare(p, i->size(), *i) == 0) {
-        found = true;
-        res += j->first;
-        if (i->empty()) {
-          if (p < s.size()) {
-            res += s[p];
-          }
-          p++;
-        } else {
-          p += i->size();
-        }
-        for (auto& path : j->second) {
-          context.insert(path);
-        }
-        j->second.clear();
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if (!found) {
-      if (p < s.size()) {
-        res += s[p];
-      }
-      p++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  mkString(v, res, context);
-}
-
-/*************************************************************
- * Versions
- *************************************************************/
-
-static void prim_parseDrvName(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                              Value& v) {
-  std::string name = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
-  DrvName parsed(name);
-  state.mkAttrs(v, 2);
-  mkString(*state.allocAttr(v, state.sName), parsed.name);
-  mkString(*state.allocAttr(v, state.symbols.Create("version")),
-           parsed.version);
-}
-
-static void prim_compareVersions(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                                 Value& v) {
-  std::string version1 = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
-  std::string version2 = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[1], pos);
-  mkInt(v, compareVersions(version1, version2));
-}
-
-static void prim_splitVersion(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                              Value& v) {
-  std::string version = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
-  auto iter = version.cbegin();
-  Strings components;
-  while (iter != version.cend()) {
-    auto component = nextComponent(iter, version.cend());
-    if (component.empty()) {
-      break;
-    }
-    components.emplace_back(std::move(component));
-  }
-  state.mkList(v, components.size());
-  unsigned int n = 0;
-  for (auto& component : components) {
-    auto listElem = (*v.list)[n++] = state.allocValue();
-    mkString(*listElem, component);
-  }
-}
-
-/*************************************************************
- * Networking
- *************************************************************/
-
-void fetch(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args, Value& v,
-           const std::string& who, bool unpack,
-           const std::string& defaultName) {
-  CachedDownloadRequest request("");
-  request.unpack = unpack;
-  request.name = defaultName;
-
-  state.forceValue(*args[0]);
-
-  if (args[0]->type == tAttrs) {
-    state.forceAttrs(*args[0], pos);
-
-    for (auto& attr : *args[0]->attrs) {
-      std::string n(attr.second.name);
-      if (n == "url") {
-        request.uri =
-            state.forceStringNoCtx(*attr.second.value, *attr.second.pos);
-      } else if (n == "sha256") {
-        auto hash_ = Hash::deserialize(
-            state.forceStringNoCtx(*attr.second.value, *attr.second.pos),
-            htSHA256);
-        request.expectedHash = Hash::unwrap_throw(hash_);
-      } else if (n == "name") {
-        request.name =
-            state.forceStringNoCtx(*attr.second.value, *attr.second.pos);
-      } else {
-        throw EvalError(format("unsupported argument '%1%' to '%2%', at %3%") %
-                        attr.second.name % who % attr.second.pos);
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (request.uri.empty()) {
-      throw EvalError(format("'url' argument required, at %1%") % pos);
-    }
-
-  } else {
-    request.uri = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
-  }
-
-  state.checkURI(request.uri);
-
-  if (evalSettings.pureEval && !request.expectedHash) {
-    throw Error("in pure evaluation mode, '%s' requires a 'sha256' argument",
-                who);
-  }
-
-  auto res = getDownloader()->downloadCached(state.store, request);
-
-  if (state.allowedPaths) {
-    state.allowedPaths->insert(res.path);
-  }
-
-  mkString(v, res.storePath, PathSet({res.storePath}));
-}
-
-static void prim_fetchurl(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                          Value& v) {
-  fetch(state, pos, args, v, "fetchurl", false, "");
-}
-
-static void prim_fetchTarball(EvalState& state, const Pos& pos, Value** args,
-                              Value& v) {
-  fetch(state, pos, args, v, "fetchTarball", true, "source");
-}
-
-/*************************************************************
- * Primop registration
- *************************************************************/
-
-RegisterPrimOp::PrimOps* RegisterPrimOp::primOps;
-
-RegisterPrimOp::RegisterPrimOp(const std::string& name, size_t arity,
-                               PrimOpFun fun) {
-  if (primOps == nullptr) {
-    primOps = new PrimOps;
-  }
-  primOps->emplace_back(name, arity, fun);
-}
-
-void EvalState::createBaseEnv() {
-  baseEnv.up = nullptr;
-
-  /* Add global constants such as `true' to the base environment. */
-  Value v;
-
-  /* `builtins' must be first! */
-  mkAttrs(v, 128);
-  addConstant("builtins", v);
-
-  mkBool(v, true);
-  addConstant("true", v);
-
-  mkBool(v, false);
-  addConstant("false", v);
-
-  mkNull(v);
-  addConstant("null", v);
-
-  auto vThrow = addPrimOp("throw", 1, prim_throw);
-
-  auto addPurityError = [&](const std::string& name) {
-    Value* v2 = allocValue();
-    mkString(*v2, fmt("'%s' is not allowed in pure evaluation mode", name));
-    mkApp(v, *vThrow, *v2);
-    addConstant(name, v);
-  };
-
-  if (!evalSettings.pureEval) {
-    mkInt(v, time(nullptr));
-    addConstant("__currentTime", v);
-  }
-
-  if (!evalSettings.pureEval) {
-    mkString(v, settings.thisSystem);
-    addConstant("__currentSystem", v);
-  }
-
-  mkString(v, nixVersion);
-  addConstant("__nixVersion", v);
-
-  mkString(v, store->storeDir);
-  addConstant("__storeDir", v);
-
-  /* Language version.  This should be increased every time a new
-     language feature gets added.  It's not necessary to increase it
-     when primops get added, because you can just use `builtins ?
-     primOp' to check. */
-  mkInt(v, 5);
-  addConstant("__langVersion", v);
-
-  // Miscellaneous
-  auto vScopedImport = addPrimOp("scopedImport", 2, prim_scopedImport);
-  Value* v2 = allocValue();
-  mkAttrs(*v2, 0);
-  mkApp(v, *vScopedImport, *v2);
-  forceValue(v);
-  addConstant("import", v);
-  addPrimOp("__typeOf", 1, prim_typeOf);
-  addPrimOp("isNull", 1, prim_isNull);
-  addPrimOp("__isFunction", 1, prim_isFunction);
-  addPrimOp("__isString", 1, prim_isString);
-  addPrimOp("__isInt", 1, prim_isInt);
-  addPrimOp("__isFloat", 1, prim_isFloat);
-  addPrimOp("__isBool", 1, prim_isBool);
-  addPrimOp("__isPath", 1, prim_isPath);
-  addPrimOp("__genericClosure", 1, prim_genericClosure);
-  addPrimOp("abort", 1, prim_abort);
-  addPrimOp("__addErrorContext", 2, prim_addErrorContext);
-  addPrimOp("__tryEval", 1, prim_tryEval);
-  addPrimOp("__getEnv", 1, prim_getEnv);
-
-  // Strictness
-  addPrimOp("__seq", 2, prim_seq);
-  addPrimOp("__deepSeq", 2, prim_deepSeq);
-
-  // Debugging
-  addPrimOp("__trace", 2, prim_trace);
-  addPrimOp("__valueSize", 1, prim_valueSize);
-
-  // Paths
-  addPrimOp("__toPath", 1, prim_toPath);
-  if (evalSettings.pureEval) {
-    addPurityError("__storePath");
-  } else {
-    addPrimOp("__storePath", 1, prim_storePath);
-  }
-  addPrimOp("__pathExists", 1, prim_pathExists);
-  addPrimOp("baseNameOf", 1, prim_baseNameOf);
-  addPrimOp("dirOf", 1, prim_dirOf);
-  addPrimOp("__readFile", 1, prim_readFile);
-  addPrimOp("__readDir", 1, prim_readDir);
-  addPrimOp("__findFile", 2, prim_findFile);
-  addPrimOp("__hashFile", 2, prim_hashFile);
-
-  // Creating files
-  addPrimOp("__toXML", 1, prim_toXML);
-  addPrimOp("__toJSON", 1, prim_toJSON);
-  addPrimOp("__fromJSON", 1, prim_fromJSON);
-  addPrimOp("__toFile", 2, prim_toFile);
-  addPrimOp("__filterSource", 2, prim_filterSource);
-  addPrimOp("__path", 1, prim_path);
-
-  // Sets
-  addPrimOp("__attrNames", 1, prim_attrNames);
-  addPrimOp("__attrValues", 1, prim_attrValues);
-  addPrimOp("__getAttr", 2, prim_getAttr);
-  addPrimOp("__unsafeGetAttrPos", 2, prim_unsafeGetAttrPos);
-  addPrimOp("__hasAttr", 2, prim_hasAttr);
-  addPrimOp("__isAttrs", 1, prim_isAttrs);
-  addPrimOp("removeAttrs", 2, prim_removeAttrs);
-  addPrimOp("__listToAttrs", 1, prim_listToAttrs);
-  addPrimOp("__intersectAttrs", 2, prim_intersectAttrs);
-  addPrimOp("__catAttrs", 2, prim_catAttrs);
-  addPrimOp("__functionArgs", 1, prim_functionArgs);
-  addPrimOp("__mapAttrs", 2, prim_mapAttrs);
-
-  // Lists
-  addPrimOp("__isList", 1, prim_isList);
-  addPrimOp("__elemAt", 2, prim_elemAt);
-  addPrimOp("__head", 1, prim_head);
-  addPrimOp("__tail", 1, prim_tail);
-  addPrimOp("map", 2, prim_map);
-  addPrimOp("__filter", 2, prim_filter);
-  addPrimOp("__elem", 2, prim_elem);
-  addPrimOp("__concatLists", 1, prim_concatLists);
-  addPrimOp("__length", 1, prim_length);
-  addPrimOp("__foldl'", 3, prim_foldlStrict);
-  addPrimOp("__any", 2, prim_any);
-  addPrimOp("__all", 2, prim_all);
-  addPrimOp("__genList", 2, prim_genList);
-  addPrimOp("__sort", 2, prim_sort);
-  addPrimOp("__partition", 2, prim_partition);
-  addPrimOp("__concatMap", 2, prim_concatMap);
-
-  // Integer arithmetic
-  addPrimOp("__add", 2, prim_add);
-  addPrimOp("__sub", 2, prim_sub);
-  addPrimOp("__mul", 2, prim_mul);
-  addPrimOp("__div", 2, prim_div);
-  addPrimOp("__bitAnd", 2, prim_bitAnd);
-  addPrimOp("__bitOr", 2, prim_bitOr);
-  addPrimOp("__bitXor", 2, prim_bitXor);
-  addPrimOp("__lessThan", 2, prim_lessThan);
-
-  // String manipulation
-  addPrimOp("toString", 1, prim_toString);
-  addPrimOp("__substring", 3, prim_substring);
-  addPrimOp("__stringLength", 1, prim_stringLength);
-  addPrimOp("__hashString", 2, prim_hashString);
-  addPrimOp("__match", 2, prim_match);
-  addPrimOp("__split", 2, prim_split);
-  addPrimOp("__concatStringsSep", 2, prim_concatStringSep);
-  addPrimOp("__replaceStrings", 3, prim_replaceStrings);
-
-  // Versions
-  addPrimOp("__parseDrvName", 1, prim_parseDrvName);
-  addPrimOp("__compareVersions", 2, prim_compareVersions);
-  addPrimOp("__splitVersion", 1, prim_splitVersion);
-
-  // Derivations
-  addPrimOp("derivationStrict", 1, prim_derivationStrict);
-  addPrimOp("placeholder", 1, prim_placeholder);
-
-  // Networking
-  addPrimOp("__fetchurl", 1, prim_fetchurl);
-  addPrimOp("fetchTarball", 1, prim_fetchTarball);
-
-  /* Add a wrapper around the derivation primop that computes the
-     `drvPath' and `outPath' attributes lazily. */
-  std::string path =
-      canonPath(settings.nixDataDir + "/nix/corepkgs/derivation.nix", true);
-  sDerivationNix = symbols.Create(path);
-  evalFile(path, v);
-  addConstant("derivation", v);
-
-  /* Add a value containing the current Nix expression search path. */
-  mkList(v, searchPath.size());
-  int n = 0;
-  for (auto& i : searchPath) {
-    v2 = (*v.list)[n++] = allocValue();
-    mkAttrs(*v2, 2);
-    mkString(*allocAttr(*v2, symbols.Create("path")), i.second);
-    mkString(*allocAttr(*v2, symbols.Create("prefix")), i.first);
-  }
-  addConstant("__nixPath", v);
-
-  if (RegisterPrimOp::primOps != nullptr) {
-    for (auto& primOp : *RegisterPrimOp::primOps) {
-      addPrimOp(std::get<0>(primOp), std::get<1>(primOp), std::get<2>(primOp));
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace nix