merge(3p/immer): Subtree merge at 'ad3e3556d' as 'third_party/immer' r/1299

Change-Id: I9636a41ad44b4218293833fd3e9456d9b07c731b

49 files changed, 24466 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/CMakeLists.txt b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..777289f8a12d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+add_custom_target(fuzzers
+  COMMENT "Build all fuzzers.")
+
+if (CHECK_FUZZERS)
+  add_dependencies(tests fuzzers)
+endif()
+
+# LIB_FUZZING_ENGINE is set by the Google OSS-Fuzz
+# infrastructure. Otherwise we use Clang's LibFuzzer
+if (DEFINED ENV{LIB_FUZZING_ENGINE})
+  set(immer_fuzzing_engine $ENV{LIB_FUZZING_ENGINE})
+else()
+  set(immer_fuzzing_engine "-fsanitize=fuzzer")
+endif()
+
+file(GLOB_RECURSE immer_fuzzers "*.cpp")
+foreach(_file IN LISTS immer_fuzzers)
+  immer_target_name_for(_target _output "${_file}")
+  add_executable(${_target} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL "${_file}")
+  set_target_properties(${_target} PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME ${_output})
+  target_compile_options(${_target} PUBLIC ${immer_fuzzing_engine})
+  target_link_libraries(${_target} PUBLIC ${immer_fuzzing_engine}
+    immer-dev)
+  add_dependencies(fuzzers ${_target})
+  if (CHECK_FUZZERS)
+    add_test("fuzzer/${_output}" ${_output} -max_total_time=1)
+  endif()
+endforeach()
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/array-gc.cpp b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/array-gc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b93721225288
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/array-gc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include "fuzzer_input.hpp"
+
+#include <immer/array.hpp>
+#include <immer/array_transient.hpp>
+#include <immer/heap/gc_heap.hpp>
+#include <immer/refcount/no_refcount_policy.hpp>
+
+#include <array>
+
+using gc_memory = immer::memory_policy<immer::heap_policy<immer::gc_heap>,
+                                       immer::no_refcount_policy,
+                                       immer::gc_transience_policy,
+                                       false>;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const std::uint8_t* data,
+                                      std::size_t size)
+{
+    constexpr auto var_count = 4;
+
+    using array_t     = immer::array<int, gc_memory>;
+    using transient_t = typename array_t::transient_type;
+    using size_t      = std::uint8_t;
+
+    auto vs = std::array<array_t, var_count>{};
+    auto ts = std::array<transient_t, var_count>{};
+
+    auto is_valid_var   = [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < var_count; };
+    auto is_valid_index = [](auto& v) {
+        return [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < v.size(); };
+    };
+    auto is_valid_size = [](auto& v) {
+        return [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx <= v.size(); };
+    };
+
+    return fuzzer_input{data, size}.run([&](auto& in) {
+        enum ops
+        {
+            op_transient,
+            op_persistent,
+            op_push_back,
+            op_update,
+            op_take,
+            op_push_back_mut,
+            op_update_mut,
+            op_take_mut,
+        };
+        auto dst = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        switch (read<char>(in)) {
+        case op_transient: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            ts[dst]  = vs[src].transient();
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_persistent: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            vs[dst]  = ts[src].persistent();
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_push_back: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            vs[dst]  = vs[src].push_back(42);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_update: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_index(vs[src]));
+            vs[dst]  = vs[src].update(idx, [](auto x) { return x + 1; });
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_take: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(vs[src]));
+            vs[dst]  = vs[src].take(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_push_back_mut: {
+            ts[dst].push_back(13);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_update_mut: {
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_index(ts[dst]));
+            ts[dst].update(idx, [](auto x) { return x + 1; });
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_take_mut: {
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(ts[dst]));
+            ts[dst].take(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+        };
+        return true;
+    });
+}
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/array.cpp b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/array.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..094d97b7f425
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/array.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include "fuzzer_input.hpp"
+
+#include <immer/array.hpp>
+
+#include <array>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const std::uint8_t* data,
+                                      std::size_t size)
+{
+    constexpr auto var_count = 4;
+
+    using array_t = immer::array<int, immer::default_memory_policy>;
+    using size_t  = std::uint8_t;
+
+    auto vars = std::array<array_t, var_count>{};
+
+    auto is_valid_var   = [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < var_count; };
+    auto is_valid_index = [](auto& v) {
+        return [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < v.size(); };
+    };
+    auto is_valid_size = [](auto& v) {
+        return [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx <= v.size(); };
+    };
+
+    return fuzzer_input{data, size}.run([&](auto& in) {
+        enum ops
+        {
+            op_push_back,
+            op_update,
+            op_take,
+            op_push_back_move,
+            op_update_move,
+            op_take_move,
+        };
+        auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        auto dst = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        switch (read<char>(in)) {
+        case op_push_back: {
+            vars[dst] = vars[src].push_back(42);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_update: {
+            auto idx  = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_index(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] = vars[src].update(idx, [](auto x) { return x + 1; });
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_take: {
+            auto idx  = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] = vars[src].take(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_push_back_move: {
+            vars[dst] = std::move(vars[src]).push_back(12);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_update_move: {
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_index(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] =
+                std::move(vars[src]).update(idx, [](auto x) { return x + 1; });
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_take_move: {
+            auto idx  = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] = std::move(vars[src]).take(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+        };
+        return true;
+    });
+}
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/flex-vector-gc.cpp b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/flex-vector-gc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..00c302898675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/flex-vector-gc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include "fuzzer_input.hpp"
+
+#include <immer/flex_vector.hpp>
+#include <immer/flex_vector_transient.hpp>
+#include <immer/heap/gc_heap.hpp>
+#include <immer/refcount/no_refcount_policy.hpp>
+
+#include <array>
+
+using gc_memory = immer::memory_policy<immer::heap_policy<immer::gc_heap>,
+                                       immer::no_refcount_policy,
+                                       immer::gc_transience_policy,
+                                       false>;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const std::uint8_t* data,
+                                      std::size_t size)
+{
+    constexpr auto var_count = 4;
+    constexpr auto bits      = 2;
+
+    using vector_t    = immer::flex_vector<int, gc_memory, bits, bits>;
+    using transient_t = typename vector_t::transient_type;
+    using size_t      = std::uint8_t;
+
+    auto vs = std::array<vector_t, var_count>{};
+    auto ts = std::array<transient_t, var_count>{};
+
+    auto is_valid_var = [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < var_count; };
+    auto is_valid_var_neq = [](auto other) {
+        return [=](auto idx) {
+            return idx >= 0 && idx < var_count && idx != other;
+        };
+    };
+    auto is_valid_index = [](auto& v) {
+        return [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < v.size(); };
+    };
+    auto is_valid_size = [](auto& v) {
+        return [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx <= v.size(); };
+    };
+    auto can_concat = [](auto&& v1, auto&& v2) {
+        using size_type = decltype(v1.size());
+        auto max        = std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max() >> (bits * 4);
+        return v1.size() < max && v2.size() < max;
+    };
+
+    return fuzzer_input{data, size}.run([&](auto& in) {
+        enum ops
+        {
+            op_transient,
+            op_persistent,
+            op_push_back,
+            op_update,
+            op_take,
+            op_drop,
+            op_concat,
+            op_push_back_mut,
+            op_update_mut,
+            op_take_mut,
+            op_drop_mut,
+            op_prepend_mut,
+            op_prepend_mut_move,
+            op_append_mut,
+            op_append_mut_move,
+        };
+        auto dst = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        switch (read<char>(in)) {
+        case op_transient: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            ts[dst]  = vs[src].transient();
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_persistent: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            vs[dst]  = ts[src].persistent();
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_push_back: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            vs[dst]  = vs[src].push_back(42);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_update: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_index(vs[src]));
+            vs[dst]  = vs[src].update(idx, [](auto x) { return x + 1; });
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_take: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(vs[src]));
+            vs[dst]  = vs[src].take(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_drop: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(vs[src]));
+            vs[dst]  = vs[src].drop(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_concat: {
+            auto src  = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            auto src2 = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            if (can_concat(vs[src], vs[src2]))
+                vs[dst] = vs[src] + vs[src2];
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_push_back_mut: {
+            ts[dst].push_back(13);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_update_mut: {
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_index(ts[dst]));
+            ts[dst].update(idx, [](auto x) { return x + 1; });
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_take_mut: {
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(ts[dst]));
+            ts[dst].take(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_prepend_mut: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var_neq(dst));
+            if (can_concat(ts[dst], ts[src]))
+                ts[dst].prepend(ts[src]);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_prepend_mut_move: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var_neq(dst));
+            if (can_concat(ts[dst], ts[src])) {
+                ts[dst].prepend(std::move(ts[src]));
+                ts[src] = {};
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_append_mut: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var_neq(dst));
+            if (can_concat(ts[dst], ts[src]))
+                ts[dst].append(ts[src]);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_append_mut_move: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var_neq(dst));
+            if (can_concat(ts[dst], ts[src])) {
+                ts[dst].append(std::move(ts[src]));
+                ts[src] = {};
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+        };
+        return true;
+    });
+}
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/flex-vector.cpp b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/flex-vector.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..14395de1d5ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/flex-vector.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include "fuzzer_input.hpp"
+
+#include <immer/box.hpp>
+#include <immer/flex_vector.hpp>
+
+#include <array>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const std::uint8_t* data,
+                                      std::size_t size)
+{
+    constexpr auto var_count = 8;
+    constexpr auto bits      = 2;
+
+    using vector_t =
+        immer::flex_vector<int, immer::default_memory_policy, bits, bits>;
+    using size_t = std::uint8_t;
+
+    auto vars = std::array<vector_t, var_count>{};
+
+    auto is_valid_var = [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < var_count; };
+    auto is_valid_var_neq = [](auto other) {
+        return [=](auto idx) {
+            return idx >= 0 && idx < var_count && idx != other;
+        };
+    };
+    auto is_valid_index = [](auto& v) {
+        return [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < v.size(); };
+    };
+    auto is_valid_size = [](auto& v) {
+        return [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx <= v.size(); };
+    };
+    auto can_concat = [](auto&& v1, auto&& v2) {
+        using size_type = decltype(v1.size());
+        auto max        = std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max() >> (bits * 4);
+        return v1.size() < max && v2.size() < max;
+    };
+    return fuzzer_input{data, size}.run([&](auto& in) {
+        enum ops
+        {
+            op_push_back,
+            op_update,
+            op_take,
+            op_drop,
+            op_concat,
+            op_push_back_move,
+            op_update_move,
+            op_take_move,
+            op_drop_move,
+            op_concat_move_l,
+            op_concat_move_r,
+            op_concat_move_lr,
+            op_insert,
+            op_erase,
+            op_compare,
+        };
+        auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        auto dst = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        switch (read<char>(in)) {
+        case op_push_back: {
+            vars[dst] = vars[src].push_back(42);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_update: {
+            auto idx  = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_index(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] = vars[src].update(idx, [](auto x) { return x + 1; });
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_take: {
+            auto idx  = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] = vars[src].take(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_drop: {
+            auto idx  = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] = vars[src].drop(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_concat: {
+            auto src2 = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            if (can_concat(vars[src], vars[src2]))
+                vars[dst] = vars[src] + vars[src2];
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_push_back_move: {
+            vars[dst] = std::move(vars[src]).push_back(21);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_update_move: {
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_index(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] =
+                std::move(vars[src]).update(idx, [](auto x) { return x + 1; });
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_take_move: {
+            auto idx  = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] = std::move(vars[src]).take(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_drop_move: {
+            auto idx  = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] = std::move(vars[src]).drop(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_concat_move_l: {
+            auto src2 = read<char>(in, is_valid_var_neq(src));
+            if (can_concat(vars[src], vars[src2]))
+                vars[dst] = std::move(vars[src]) + vars[src2];
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_concat_move_r: {
+            auto src2 = read<char>(in, is_valid_var_neq(src));
+            if (can_concat(vars[src], vars[src2]))
+                vars[dst] = vars[src] + std::move(vars[src2]);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_concat_move_lr: {
+            auto src2 = read<char>(in, is_valid_var_neq(src));
+            if (can_concat(vars[src], vars[src2]))
+                vars[dst] = std::move(vars[src]) + std::move(vars[src2]);
+        }
+        case op_compare: {
+            using std::swap;
+            if (vars[src] == vars[dst])
+                swap(vars[src], vars[dst]);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_erase: {
+            auto idx  = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_index(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] = vars[src].erase(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_insert: {
+            auto idx  = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] = vars[src].insert(idx, immer::box<int>{42});
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+        };
+        return true;
+    });
+}
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/fuzzer_input.hpp b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/fuzzer_input.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..485b7dc72b44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/fuzzer_input.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+struct no_more_input : std::exception
+{};
+
+struct fuzzer_input
+{
+    const std::uint8_t* data_;
+    std::size_t size_;
+
+    const std::uint8_t* next(std::size_t size)
+    {
+        if (size_ < size)
+            throw no_more_input{};
+        auto r = data_;
+        data_ += size;
+        size_ -= size;
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    const std::uint8_t* next(std::size_t size, std::size_t align)
+    {
+        auto rem = size % align;
+        if (rem)
+            next(align - rem);
+        return next(size);
+    }
+
+    template <typename Fn>
+    int run(Fn step)
+    {
+        try {
+            while (step(*this))
+                continue;
+        } catch (const no_more_input&) {};
+        return 0;
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+const T& read(fuzzer_input& fz)
+{
+    return *reinterpret_cast<const T*>(fz.next(sizeof(T), alignof(T)));
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Cond>
+T read(fuzzer_input& fz, Cond cond)
+{
+    auto x = read<T>(fz);
+    return cond(x) ? x : read<T>(fz, cond);
+}
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/map-gc.cpp b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/map-gc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..835f37a05897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/map-gc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include "fuzzer_input.hpp"
+
+#include <immer/heap/gc_heap.hpp>
+#include <immer/map.hpp>
+#include <immer/refcount/no_refcount_policy.hpp>
+
+#include <array>
+
+using gc_memory = immer::memory_policy<immer::heap_policy<immer::gc_heap>,
+                                       immer::no_refcount_policy,
+                                       immer::gc_transience_policy,
+                                       false>;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const std::uint8_t* data,
+                                      std::size_t size)
+{
+    constexpr auto var_count = 4;
+
+    using map_t =
+        immer::map<char, int, std::hash<char>, std::equal_to<char>, gc_memory>;
+
+    auto vars = std::array<map_t, var_count>{};
+
+    auto is_valid_var = [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < var_count; };
+
+    return fuzzer_input{data, size}.run([&](auto& in) {
+        enum ops
+        {
+            op_set,
+            op_erase,
+            op_set_move,
+            op_erase_move,
+            op_iterate,
+            op_find,
+            op_update
+        };
+        auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        auto dst = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        switch (read<char>(in)) {
+        case op_set: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = vars[src].set(value, 42);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_erase: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = vars[src].erase(value);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_set_move: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = std::move(vars[src]).set(value, 42);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_erase_move: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = std::move(vars[src]).erase(value);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_iterate: {
+            auto srcv = vars[src];
+            for (const auto& v : srcv) {
+                vars[dst] = vars[dst].set(v.first, v.second);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_find: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            auto res   = vars[src].find(value);
+            if (res != nullptr) {
+                vars[dst] = vars[dst].set(*res, 42);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_update: {
+            auto key  = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst] = vars[src].update(key, [](int x) { return x + 1; });
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+        };
+        return true;
+    });
+}
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/map.cpp b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/map.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..eb650679e932
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/map.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include "fuzzer_input.hpp"
+
+#include <immer/map.hpp>
+
+#include <array>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const std::uint8_t* data,
+                                      std::size_t size)
+{
+    constexpr auto var_count = 4;
+
+    using map_t = immer::map<char, int>;
+
+    auto vars = std::array<map_t, var_count>{};
+
+    auto is_valid_var = [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < var_count; };
+
+    return fuzzer_input{data, size}.run([&](auto& in) {
+        enum ops
+        {
+            op_set,
+            op_erase,
+            op_set_move,
+            op_erase_move,
+            op_iterate,
+            op_find,
+            op_update
+        };
+        auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        auto dst = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        switch (read<char>(in)) {
+        case op_set: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = vars[src].set(value, 42);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_erase: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = vars[src].erase(value);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_set_move: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = std::move(vars[src]).set(value, 42);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_erase_move: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = std::move(vars[src]).erase(value);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_iterate: {
+            auto srcv = vars[src];
+            for (const auto& v : srcv) {
+                vars[dst] = vars[dst].set(v.first, v.second);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_find: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            auto res   = vars[src].find(value);
+            if (res != nullptr) {
+                vars[dst] = vars[dst].set(*res, 42);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_update: {
+            auto key  = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst] = vars[src].update(key, [](int x) { return x + 1; });
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+        };
+        return true;
+    });
+}
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/set-gc.cpp b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/set-gc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3b88c08f3c2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/set-gc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include "fuzzer_input.hpp"
+
+#include <immer/heap/gc_heap.hpp>
+#include <immer/refcount/no_refcount_policy.hpp>
+#include <immer/set.hpp>
+
+#include <array>
+
+using gc_memory = immer::memory_policy<immer::heap_policy<immer::gc_heap>,
+                                       immer::no_refcount_policy,
+                                       immer::gc_transience_policy,
+                                       false>;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const std::uint8_t* data,
+                                      std::size_t size)
+{
+    constexpr auto var_count = 4;
+
+    using set_t =
+        immer::set<int, std::hash<char>, std::equal_to<char>, gc_memory>;
+
+    auto vars = std::array<set_t, var_count>{};
+
+    auto is_valid_var = [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < var_count; };
+
+    return fuzzer_input{data, size}.run([&](auto& in) {
+        enum ops
+        {
+            op_insert,
+            op_erase,
+            op_insert_move,
+            op_erase_move,
+            op_iterate
+        };
+        auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        auto dst = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        switch (read<char>(in)) {
+        case op_insert: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = vars[src].insert(value);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_erase: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = vars[src].erase(value);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_insert_move: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = std::move(vars[src]).insert(value);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_erase_move: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = vars[src].erase(value);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_iterate: {
+            auto srcv = vars[src];
+            for (const auto& v : srcv) {
+                vars[dst] = vars[dst].insert(v);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+        };
+        return true;
+    });
+}
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/set.cpp b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/set.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b25313d18cfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/set.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include "fuzzer_input.hpp"
+
+#include <immer/set.hpp>
+
+#include <array>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const std::uint8_t* data,
+                                      std::size_t size)
+{
+    constexpr auto var_count = 4;
+
+    using set_t = immer::set<int>;
+
+    auto vars = std::array<set_t, var_count>{};
+
+    auto is_valid_var = [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < var_count; };
+
+    return fuzzer_input{data, size}.run([&](auto& in) {
+        enum ops
+        {
+            op_insert,
+            op_erase,
+            op_insert_move,
+            op_erase_move,
+            op_iterate
+        };
+        auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        auto dst = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        switch (read<char>(in)) {
+        case op_insert: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = vars[src].insert(value);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_erase: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = vars[src].erase(value);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_insert_move: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = std::move(vars[src]).insert(value);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_erase_move: {
+            auto value = read<size_t>(in);
+            vars[dst]  = vars[src].erase(value);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_iterate: {
+            auto srcv = vars[src];
+            for (const auto& v : srcv) {
+                vars[dst] = vars[dst].insert(v);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+        };
+        return true;
+    });
+}
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/vector-gc.cpp b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/vector-gc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1faa729c5a72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/vector-gc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include "fuzzer_input.hpp"
+
+#include <immer/heap/gc_heap.hpp>
+#include <immer/refcount/no_refcount_policy.hpp>
+#include <immer/vector.hpp>
+#include <immer/vector_transient.hpp>
+
+#include <array>
+
+using gc_memory = immer::memory_policy<immer::heap_policy<immer::gc_heap>,
+                                       immer::no_refcount_policy,
+                                       immer::gc_transience_policy,
+                                       false>;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const std::uint8_t* data,
+                                      std::size_t size)
+{
+    constexpr auto var_count = 4;
+    constexpr auto bits      = 2;
+
+    using vector_t    = immer::vector<int, gc_memory, bits, bits>;
+    using transient_t = typename vector_t::transient_type;
+    using size_t      = std::uint8_t;
+
+    auto vs = std::array<vector_t, var_count>{};
+    auto ts = std::array<transient_t, var_count>{};
+
+    auto is_valid_var   = [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < var_count; };
+    auto is_valid_index = [](auto& v) {
+        return [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < v.size(); };
+    };
+    auto is_valid_size = [](auto& v) {
+        return [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx <= v.size(); };
+    };
+
+    return fuzzer_input{data, size}.run([&](auto& in) {
+        enum ops
+        {
+            op_transient,
+            op_persistent,
+            op_push_back,
+            op_update,
+            op_take,
+            op_push_back_mut,
+            op_update_mut,
+            op_take_mut,
+        };
+        auto dst = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        switch (read<char>(in)) {
+        case op_transient: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            ts[dst]  = vs[src].transient();
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_persistent: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            vs[dst]  = ts[src].persistent();
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_push_back: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            vs[dst]  = vs[src].push_back(42);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_update: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_index(vs[src]));
+            vs[dst]  = vs[src].update(idx, [](auto x) { return x + 1; });
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_take: {
+            auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(vs[src]));
+            vs[dst]  = vs[src].take(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_push_back_mut: {
+            ts[dst].push_back(13);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_update_mut: {
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_index(ts[dst]));
+            ts[dst].update(idx, [](auto x) { return x + 1; });
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_take_mut: {
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(ts[dst]));
+            ts[dst].take(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+        };
+        return true;
+    });
+}
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/vector.cpp b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/vector.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b04cbcee870c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/fuzzer/vector.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include "fuzzer_input.hpp"
+
+#include <immer/vector.hpp>
+
+#include <array>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const std::uint8_t* data,
+                                      std::size_t size)
+{
+    constexpr auto var_count = 4;
+    constexpr auto bits      = 2;
+
+    using vector_t =
+        immer::vector<int, immer::default_memory_policy, bits, bits>;
+    using size_t = std::uint8_t;
+
+    auto vars = std::array<vector_t, var_count>{};
+
+    auto is_valid_var   = [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < var_count; };
+    auto is_valid_index = [](auto& v) {
+        return [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx < v.size(); };
+    };
+    auto is_valid_size = [](auto& v) {
+        return [&](auto idx) { return idx >= 0 && idx <= v.size(); };
+    };
+
+    return fuzzer_input{data, size}.run([&](auto& in) {
+        enum ops
+        {
+            op_push_back,
+            op_update,
+            op_take,
+            op_push_back_move,
+            op_update_move,
+            op_take_move,
+        };
+        auto src = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        auto dst = read<char>(in, is_valid_var);
+        switch (read<char>(in)) {
+        case op_push_back: {
+            vars[dst] = vars[src].push_back(42);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_update: {
+            auto idx  = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_index(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] = vars[src].update(idx, [](auto x) { return x + 1; });
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_take: {
+            auto idx  = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] = vars[src].take(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_push_back_move: {
+            vars[dst] = std::move(vars[src]).push_back(12);
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_update_move: {
+            auto idx = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_index(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] =
+                std::move(vars[src]).update(idx, [](auto x) { return x + 1; });
+            break;
+        }
+        case op_take_move: {
+            auto idx  = read<size_t>(in, is_valid_size(vars[src]));
+            vars[dst] = std::move(vars[src]).take(idx);
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+        };
+        return true;
+    });
+}
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/CMakeLists.txt b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..99338060d6da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+find_package(PkgConfig)
+
+pkg_check_modules(Guile guile-2.2)
+
+if (NOT Guile_FOUND)
+  message(STATUS "Disabling Guile modules")
+  return()
+endif()
+
+set(GUILE_EXTENSION_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+configure_file(immer.scm.in immer.scm)
+
+add_library(guile-immer SHARED EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
+  src/immer.cpp)
+target_include_directories(guile-immer PUBLIC
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+  ${CALLABLE_TRAITS_INCLUDE_DIR}
+  ${Guile_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+target_link_libraries(guile-immer PUBLIC
+  immer
+  ${Guile_LIBRARIES})
+
+add_custom_target(guile DEPENDS guile-immer)
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/README.rst b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/README.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..09cf8be644ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/README.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+
+Guile bindings
+==============
+
+This library includes experimental bindings bring efficient immutable
+vectors for the `GNU Guile`_ Scheme implementation.  The interface is
+somewhat **incomplete**, but you can already do something interesting
+things like:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../extra/guile/example.scm
+   :language: scheme
+   :start-after: intro/start
+   :end-before:  intro/end
+..
+
+    **Do you want to help** making these bindings complete and production
+    ready?  Drop a line at `immer@sinusoid.al
+    <mailto:immer@sinusoid.al>`_ or `open an issue on Github
+    <https://github.com/arximboldi/immer>`_
+
+.. _GNU Guile: https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+.. highlight:: sh
+
+To install the software, you need `GNU Guile 2.2
+<https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/download/>`_.  Then you have to
+`clone the repository <https://github.com/arximboldi/immer>`_ and
+inside the repository do something like::
+
+    mkdir build; cd build
+    cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+             -DGUILE_EXTENSION_DIR="<somewhere...>"
+    make guile
+    cp extra/guile/libguile-immer.so "<...the GUILE_EXTENSION_DIR>"
+    cp extra/guile/immer.scm "<somewhere in your GUILE_LOAD_PATH>"
+
+Benchmarks
+----------
+
+The library includes some quick and dirty benchmarks that show how
+these vectors perform compared to *mutable vectors*, *lists*, and
+*v-lists*.  Once you have installed the library, you may run them by
+executing the following in the project root::
+
+    guile extra/guile/benchmark.scm
+
+This is the output I get when running those:
+
+.. code-block:: scheme
+   :name: benchmark-output
+
+   (define bench-size 1000000)
+   (define bench-samples 10)
+   ;;;; benchmarking creation...
+   ; evaluating:
+         (apply ivector (iota bench-size))
+   ; average time: 0.0608697784 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (apply ivector-u32 (iota bench-size))
+   ; average time: 0.0567354933 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (iota bench-size)
+   ; average time: 0.032995402 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (apply vector (iota bench-size))
+   ; average time: 0.0513594425 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (apply u32vector (iota bench-size))
+   ; average time: 0.0939185315 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (list->vlist (iota bench-size))
+   ; average time: 0.2369570977 seconds
+   ;;;; benchmarking iteration...
+   (define bench-ivector (apply ivector (iota bench-size)))
+   (define bench-ivector-u32 (apply ivector-u32 (iota bench-size)))
+   (define bench-list (iota bench-size))
+   (define bench-vector (apply vector (iota bench-size)))
+   (define bench-u32vector (apply u32vector (iota bench-size)))
+   (define bench-vlist (list->vlist (iota bench-size)))
+   ; evaluating:
+         (ivector-fold + 0 bench-ivector)
+   ; average time: 0.035750341 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (ivector-u32-fold + 0 bench-ivector-u32)
+   ; average time: 0.0363843682 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (fold + 0 bench-list)
+   ; average time: 0.0271881423 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (vector-fold + 0 bench-vector)
+   ; average time: 0.0405022349 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (vlist-fold + 0 bench-vlist)
+   ; average time: 0.0424709098 seconds
+   ;;;; benchmarking iteration by index...
+   ; evaluating:
+         (let iter ((i 0) (acc 0))
+           (if (< i (ivector-length bench-ivector))
+             (iter (+ i 1) (+ acc (ivector-ref bench-ivector i)))
+             acc))
+   ; average time: 0.2195658936 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (let iter ((i 0) (acc 0))
+           (if (< i (ivector-u32-length bench-ivector-u32))
+             (iter (+ i 1) (+ acc (ivector-u32-ref bench-ivector-u32 i)))
+             acc))
+   ; average time: 0.2205486326 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (let iter ((i 0) (acc 0))
+           (if (< i (vector-length bench-vector))
+             (iter (+ i 1) (+ acc (vector-ref bench-vector i)))
+             acc))
+   ; average time: 0.0097157637 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (let iter ((i 0) (acc 0))
+           (if (< i (u32vector-length bench-u32vector))
+             (iter (+ i 1) (+ acc (u32vector-ref bench-u32vector i)))
+             acc))
+   ; average time: 0.0733736008 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (let iter ((i 0) (acc 0))
+           (if (< i (vlist-length bench-vlist))
+             (iter (+ i 1) (+ acc (vlist-ref bench-vlist i)))
+             acc))
+   ; average time: 0.3220357243 seconds
+   ;;;; benchmarking concatenation...
+   ; evaluating:
+         (ivector-append bench-ivector bench-ivector)
+   ; average time: 1.63022e-5 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (ivector-u32-append bench-ivector-u32 bench-ivector-u32)
+   ; average time: 1.63754e-5 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (append bench-list bench-list)
+   ; average time: 0.0135592963 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (vector-append bench-vector bench-vector)
+   ; average time: 0.0044506586 seconds
+   ; evaluating:
+         (vlist-append bench-vlist bench-vlist)
+   ; average time: 0.3227312512 seconds
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/benchmark.scm b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/benchmark.scm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..463a8eb17d9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/benchmark.scm
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+;;
+;; immer: immutable data structures for C++
+;; Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+;;
+;; This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+;; See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+;;
+
+(use-modules (immer)
+             (fector) ; https://wingolog.org/pub/fector.scm
+             (srfi srfi-1)
+             (srfi srfi-43)
+             (ice-9 vlist)
+             (ice-9 pretty-print)
+             (rnrs bytevectors))
+
+(define-syntax display-eval
+  (syntax-rules ()
+    ((_ expr)
+     (begin (pretty-print 'expr
+                          #:max-expr-width 72)
+            expr))))
+
+(display-eval (define bench-size 1000000))
+(display-eval (define bench-samples 10))
+
+(define (average . ns)
+  (/ (apply + ns) (length ns)))
+
+(define (generate-n n fn)
+  (unfold (lambda (x) (= x n))
+          (lambda (x) (fn))
+          (lambda (x) (+ x 1))
+          0))
+
+(define-syntax benchmark
+  (syntax-rules ()
+    ((_ expr)
+     (begin
+       (display "; evaluating:    ") (newline)
+       (pretty-print 'expr
+                     #:max-expr-width 72
+                     #:per-line-prefix "      ")
+       (let* ((sample (lambda ()
+                        (gc)
+                        (let* ((t0 (get-internal-real-time))
+                               (r  expr)
+                               (t1 (get-internal-real-time)))
+                          (/ (- t1 t0) internal-time-units-per-second))))
+              (samples (generate-n bench-samples sample))
+              (result (apply average samples)))
+         (display "; average time: ")
+         (display (exact->inexact result))
+         (display " seconds")
+         (newline))))))
+
+(display ";;;; benchmarking creation...") (newline)
+
+(display-eval
+ (define (fector . args)
+   (persistent-fector (fold (lambda (v fv) (fector-push! fv v))
+                            (transient-fector)
+                            args))))
+
+(benchmark (apply ivector (iota bench-size)))
+(benchmark (apply ivector-u32 (iota bench-size)))
+(benchmark (iota bench-size))
+(benchmark (apply vector (iota bench-size)))
+(benchmark (apply u32vector (iota bench-size)))
+(benchmark (list->vlist (iota bench-size)))
+(benchmark (apply fector (iota bench-size)))
+
+(display ";;;; benchmarking iteration...") (newline)
+
+(display-eval (define bench-ivector (apply ivector (iota bench-size))))
+(display-eval (define bench-ivector-u32 (apply ivector-u32 (iota bench-size))))
+(display-eval (define bench-list (iota bench-size)))
+(display-eval (define bench-vector (apply vector (iota bench-size))))
+(display-eval (define bench-u32vector (apply u32vector (iota bench-size))))
+(display-eval (define bench-vlist (list->vlist (iota bench-size))))
+(display-eval (define bench-fector (apply fector (iota bench-size))))
+(display-eval (define bench-bytevector-u32
+                (uint-list->bytevector (iota bench-size)
+                                       (native-endianness)
+                                       4)))
+
+(benchmark (ivector-fold + 0 bench-ivector))
+(benchmark (ivector-u32-fold + 0 bench-ivector-u32))
+(benchmark (fold + 0 bench-list))
+(benchmark (vector-fold + 0 bench-vector))
+(benchmark (vlist-fold + 0 bench-vlist))
+(benchmark (fector-fold + bench-fector 0))
+
+(display ";;;; benchmarking iteration by index...") (newline)
+
+(display-eval
+ (define-syntax iteration-by-index
+   (syntax-rules ()
+     ((_ *length *ref *vector *step)
+      (let ((len (*length *vector)))
+        (let iter ((i 0) (acc 0))
+          (if (< i len)
+              (iter (+ i *step)
+                    (+ acc (*ref *vector i)))
+              acc)))))))
+
+(display-eval
+ (define-syntax iteration-by-index-truncate
+   (syntax-rules ()
+     ((_ *length *ref *vector *step)
+      (let ((len (*length *vector)))
+        (let iter ((i 0) (acc 0))
+          (if (< i len)
+              (iter (+ i *step)
+                    (logand #xffffffffFFFFFFFF
+                            (+ acc (*ref *vector i))))
+              acc)))))))
+
+(benchmark (iteration-by-index ivector-length
+                               ivector-ref
+                               bench-ivector 1))
+(benchmark (iteration-by-index ivector-u32-length
+                               ivector-u32-ref
+                               bench-ivector-u32 1))
+(benchmark (iteration-by-index vector-length
+                               vector-ref
+                               bench-vector 1))
+(benchmark (iteration-by-index u32vector-length
+                               u32vector-ref
+                               bench-u32vector 1))
+(benchmark (iteration-by-index vlist-length
+                               vlist-ref
+                               bench-vlist 1))
+(benchmark (iteration-by-index fector-length
+                               fector-ref
+                               bench-fector 1))
+(benchmark (iteration-by-index bytevector-length
+                               bytevector-u32-native-ref
+                               bench-bytevector-u32 4))
+
+(benchmark (iteration-by-index-truncate ivector-length
+                                        ivector-ref
+                                        bench-ivector 1))
+(benchmark (iteration-by-index-truncate ivector-u32-length
+                                        ivector-u32-ref
+                                        bench-ivector-u32 1))
+(benchmark (iteration-by-index-truncate vector-length
+                                        vector-ref
+                                        bench-vector 1))
+(benchmark (iteration-by-index-truncate u32vector-length
+                                        u32vector-ref
+                                        bench-u32vector 1))
+(benchmark (iteration-by-index-truncate vlist-length
+                                        vlist-ref
+                                        bench-vlist 1))
+(benchmark (iteration-by-index-truncate fector-length
+                                        fector-ref
+                                        bench-fector 1))
+(benchmark (iteration-by-index-truncate bytevector-length
+                                        bytevector-u32-native-ref
+                                        bench-bytevector-u32 4))
+
+(display ";;;; benchmarking concatenation...") (newline)
+(benchmark (ivector-append bench-ivector bench-ivector))
+(benchmark (ivector-u32-append bench-ivector-u32 bench-ivector-u32))
+(benchmark (append bench-list bench-list))
+(benchmark (vector-append bench-vector bench-vector))
+(benchmark (vlist-append bench-vlist bench-vlist))
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/example.scm b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/example.scm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6649508cedc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/example.scm
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+;;
+;; immer: immutable data structures for C++
+;; Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+;;
+;; This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+;; See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+;;
+
+;; include:intro/start
+(use-modules (immer)
+             (rnrs base))
+
+(let ((v1 (ivector 1 "hola" 3 'que #:tal)))
+  (assert (eq? (ivector-ref v1 3) 'que))
+
+  (let* ((v2 (ivector-set v1 3 'what))
+         (v2 (ivector-update v2 2 (lambda (x) (+ 1 x)))))
+    (assert (eq? (ivector-ref v1 2) 3))
+    (assert (eq? (ivector-ref v1 3) 'que))
+    (assert (eq? (ivector-ref v2 2) 4))
+    (assert (eq? (ivector-ref v2 3) 'what))
+
+    (let ((v3 (ivector-push v2 "hehe")))
+      (assert (eq? (ivector-length v3) 6))
+      (assert (eq? (ivector-ref v3 (- (ivector-length v3) 1)) "hehe")))))
+
+(let ((v (apply ivector (iota 10))))
+  (assert (eq? (ivector-length v) 10))
+  (assert (eq? (ivector-length (ivector-drop v 3)) 7))
+  (assert (eq? (ivector-length (ivector-take v 3)) 3))
+  (assert (eq? (ivector-length (ivector-append v v)) 20)))
+
+(let ((v1 (make-ivector 3))
+      (v2 (make-ivector 3 ":)")))
+  (assert (eq? (ivector-ref v1 2)
+               (vector-ref (make-vector 3) 2)))
+  (assert (eq? (ivector-ref v2 2) ":)")))
+;; include:intro/end
+
+;; Experiments
+
+(let ((d (dummy)))
+  (dummy-foo d)
+  (dummy-bar d 42))
+(gc)
+
+(func1)
+(func2)
+(func3 (dummy) 12)
+(foo-func1)
+(gc)
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/immer.scm.in b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/immer.scm.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8624aabd5bf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/immer.scm.in
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+(define-module (immer))
+
+;; The extension automatically exports the names via 'scm_c_export'
+(load-extension "@GUILE_EXTENSION_DIR@/libguile-immer"
+                "init_immer")
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/convert.hpp b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/convert.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4c87ff185669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/convert.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <scm/detail/util.hpp>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <libguile.h>
+
+namespace scm {
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename T, typename Enable=void>
+struct convert;
+
+template <typename T>
+auto to_scm(T&& v)
+    -> SCM_DECLTYPE_RETURN(
+        convert<std::decay_t<T>>::to_scm(std::forward<T>(v)));
+
+template <typename T>
+auto to_cpp(SCM v)
+    -> SCM_DECLTYPE_RETURN(
+        convert<std::decay_t<T>>::to_cpp(v));
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace scm
+
+#define SCM_DECLARE_NUMERIC_TYPE(cpp_name__, scm_name__)                \
+    namespace scm {                                                     \
+    namespace detail {                                                  \
+    template <>                                                         \
+    struct convert<cpp_name__> {                                        \
+        static cpp_name__ to_cpp(SCM v) { return scm_to_ ## scm_name__(v); } \
+        static SCM to_scm(cpp_name__ v) { return scm_from_ ## scm_name__(v); } \
+    };                                                                  \
+    }} /* namespace scm::detail */                                      \
+    /**/
+
+SCM_DECLARE_NUMERIC_TYPE(float,         double);
+SCM_DECLARE_NUMERIC_TYPE(double,        double);
+SCM_DECLARE_NUMERIC_TYPE(std::int8_t,   int8);
+SCM_DECLARE_NUMERIC_TYPE(std::int16_t,  int16);
+SCM_DECLARE_NUMERIC_TYPE(std::int32_t,  int32);
+SCM_DECLARE_NUMERIC_TYPE(std::int64_t,  int64);
+SCM_DECLARE_NUMERIC_TYPE(std::uint8_t,  uint8);
+SCM_DECLARE_NUMERIC_TYPE(std::uint16_t, uint16);
+SCM_DECLARE_NUMERIC_TYPE(std::uint32_t, uint32);
+SCM_DECLARE_NUMERIC_TYPE(std::uint64_t, uint64);
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/define.hpp b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/define.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..08b6e763381f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/define.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SCM_AUTO_EXPORT
+#define SCM_AUTO_EXPORT 1
+#endif
+
+#include <scm/detail/subr_wrapper.hpp>
+#include <scm/list.hpp>
+
+namespace scm {
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename Tag, typename Fn>
+static void define_impl(const std::string& name, Fn fn)
+{
+    using args_t = function_args_t<Fn>;
+    constexpr auto args_size = pack_size_v<args_t>;
+    constexpr auto has_rest  = std::is_same<pack_last_t<args_t>, scm::args>{};
+    constexpr auto arg_count = args_size - has_rest;
+    auto subr = (scm_t_subr) +subr_wrapper_aux<Tag>(fn, args_t{});
+    scm_c_define_gsubr(name.c_str(), arg_count, 0, has_rest, subr);
+#if SCM_AUTO_EXPORT
+    scm_c_export(name.c_str());
+#endif
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace scm
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/finalizer_wrapper.hpp b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/finalizer_wrapper.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..258249eb2c73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/finalizer_wrapper.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <scm/detail/invoke.hpp>
+#include <scm/detail/function_args.hpp>
+#include <scm/detail/convert.hpp>
+
+namespace scm {
+namespace detail {
+// this anonymous namespace should help avoiding registration clashes
+// among translation units.
+namespace {
+
+template <typename Tag, typename Fn>
+auto finalizer_wrapper_impl(Fn fn, pack<>)
+{
+    check_call_once<Tag, Fn>();
+    static const Fn fn_ = fn;
+    return [] { invoke(fn_); };
+}
+template <typename Tag, typename Fn, typename T1>
+auto finalizer_wrapper_impl(Fn fn, pack<T1>)
+{
+    check_call_once<Tag, Fn>();
+    static const Fn fn_ = fn;
+    return [] (SCM a1) { invoke(fn_, to_cpp<T1>(a1)); };
+}
+template <typename Tag, typename Fn, typename T1, typename T2>
+auto finalizer_wrapper_impl(Fn fn, pack<T1, T2>)
+{
+    check_call_once<Tag, Fn>();
+    static const Fn fn_ = fn;
+    return [] (SCM a1, SCM a2) {
+        invoke(fn_, to_cpp<T1>(a1), to_cpp<T2>(a2));
+    };
+}
+template <typename Tag, typename Fn, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+auto finalizer_wrapper_impl(Fn fn, pack<T1, T2, T3>)
+{
+    check_call_once<Tag, Fn>();
+    static const Fn fn_ = fn;
+    return [] (SCM a1, SCM a2, SCM a3) {
+        invoke(fn_, to_cpp<T1>(a1), to_cpp<T2>(a2), to_cpp<T3>(a3));
+    };
+}
+
+template <typename Tag, typename Fn>
+auto finalizer_wrapper(Fn fn)
+{
+    return finalizer_wrapper_impl<Tag>(fn, function_args_t<Fn>{});
+}
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace scm
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/function_args.hpp b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/function_args.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..809e3eb1979b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/function_args.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <scm/detail/pack.hpp>
+#include <boost/callable_traits/args.hpp>
+
+namespace scm {
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename Fn>
+using function_args_t = boost::callable_traits::args_t<Fn, pack>;
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace scm
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/invoke.hpp b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/invoke.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d9f2b37ccece
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/invoke.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Adapted from the official std::invoke proposal:
+// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2014/n4169.html
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace scm {
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename Functor, typename... Args>
+std::enable_if_t<
+    std::is_member_pointer<std::decay_t<Functor>>::value,
+    std::result_of_t<Functor&&(Args&&...)>>
+invoke(Functor&& f, Args&&... args)
+{
+    return std::mem_fn(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+template <typename Functor, typename... Args>
+std::enable_if_t<
+    !std::is_member_pointer<std::decay_t<Functor>>::value,
+    std::result_of_t<Functor&&(Args&&...)>>
+invoke(Functor&& f, Args&&... args)
+{
+    return std::forward<Functor>(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace scm
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/pack.hpp b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/pack.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9a1813570bcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/pack.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace scm {
+namespace detail {
+
+struct none_t;
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct pack {};
+
+template <typename Pack>
+struct pack_size;
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct pack_size<pack<Ts...>>
+{
+    static constexpr auto value = sizeof...(Ts);
+};
+
+template <typename Pack>
+constexpr auto pack_size_v = pack_size<Pack>::value;
+
+template <typename Pack>
+struct pack_last
+{
+    using type = none_t;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename ...Ts>
+struct pack_last<pack<T, Ts...>>
+    : pack_last<pack<Ts...>>
+{};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct pack_last<pack<T>>
+{
+    using type = T;
+};
+
+template <typename Pack>
+using pack_last_t = typename pack_last<Pack>::type;
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace scm
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/subr_wrapper.hpp b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/subr_wrapper.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fc11ff1c51ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/subr_wrapper.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <scm/detail/invoke.hpp>
+#include <scm/detail/function_args.hpp>
+#include <scm/detail/convert.hpp>
+
+namespace scm {
+namespace detail {
+
+// this anonymous namespace should help avoiding registration clashes
+// among translation units.
+namespace {
+
+template <typename Tag, typename R, typename Fn>
+auto subr_wrapper_impl(Fn fn, pack<R>, pack<>)
+{
+    check_call_once<Tag, Fn>();
+    static const Fn fn_ = fn;
+    return [] () -> SCM { return to_scm(invoke(fn_)); };
+}
+template <typename Tag, typename Fn, typename R, typename T1>
+auto subr_wrapper_impl(Fn fn, pack<R>, pack<T1>)
+{
+    check_call_once<Tag, Fn>();
+    static const Fn fn_ = fn;
+    return [] (SCM a1) -> SCM {
+        return to_scm(invoke(fn_, to_cpp<T1>(a1)));
+    };
+}
+template <typename Tag, typename Fn, typename R, typename T1, typename T2>
+auto subr_wrapper_impl(Fn fn, pack<R>, pack<T1, T2>)
+{
+    check_call_once<Tag, Fn>();
+    static const Fn fn_ = fn;
+    return [] (SCM a1, SCM a2) -> SCM {
+        return to_scm(invoke(fn_, to_cpp<T1>(a1), to_cpp<T2>(a2)));
+    };
+}
+template <typename Tag, typename Fn, typename R, typename T1, typename T2,
+          typename T3>
+auto subr_wrapper_impl(Fn fn, pack<R>, pack<T1, T2, T3>)
+{
+    check_call_once<Tag, Fn>();
+    static const Fn fn_ = fn;
+    return [] (SCM a1, SCM a2, SCM a3) -> SCM {
+        return to_scm(invoke(fn_, to_cpp<T1>(a1), to_cpp<T2>(a2),
+                             to_cpp<T3>(a3)));
+    };
+}
+
+template <typename Tag, typename Fn>
+auto subr_wrapper_impl(Fn fn, pack<void>, pack<>)
+{
+    check_call_once<Tag, Fn>();
+    static const Fn fn_ = fn;
+    return [] () -> SCM { invoke(fn_); return SCM_UNSPECIFIED; };
+}
+template <typename Tag, typename Fn, typename T1>
+auto subr_wrapper_impl(Fn fn, pack<void>, pack<T1>)
+{
+    check_call_once<Tag, Fn>();
+    static const Fn fn_ = fn;
+    return [] (SCM a1) -> SCM {
+        invoke(fn_, to_cpp<T1>(a1)); return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+    };
+}
+template <typename Tag, typename Fn, typename T1, typename T2>
+auto subr_wrapper_impl(Fn fn, pack<void>, pack<T1, T2>)
+{
+    check_call_once<Tag, Fn>();
+    static const Fn fn_ = fn;
+    return [] (SCM a1, SCM a2) -> SCM {
+        invoke(fn_, to_cpp<T1>(a1), to_cpp<T2>(a2));
+        return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+    };
+}
+template <typename Tag, typename Fn, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+auto subr_wrapper_impl(Fn fn, pack<void>, pack<T1, T2, T3>)
+{
+    check_call_once<Tag, Fn>();
+    static const Fn fn_ = fn;
+    return [] (SCM a1, SCM a2, SCM a3) -> SCM {
+        invoke(fn_, to_cpp<T1>(a1), to_cpp<T2>(a2), to_cpp<T3>(a3));
+        return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+    };
+}
+
+template <typename Tag, typename Fn, typename... Args>
+auto subr_wrapper_aux(Fn fn, pack<Args...>)
+{
+    return subr_wrapper_impl<Tag>(
+        fn, pack<std::result_of_t<Fn(Args...)>>{}, pack<Args...>{});
+}
+
+template <typename Tag, typename Fn>
+auto subr_wrapper(Fn fn)
+{
+    return subr_wrapper_aux<Tag>(fn, function_args_t<Fn>{});
+}
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace scm
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/util.hpp b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/util.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fdc323722e99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/detail/util.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <libguile.h>
+
+namespace scm {
+namespace detail {
+
+#define SCM_DECLTYPE_RETURN(...)                \
+    decltype(__VA_ARGS__)                       \
+    { return __VA_ARGS__; }                     \
+    /**/
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+constexpr bool is_valid_v = true;
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+using is_valid_t = void;
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+void check_call_once()
+{
+    static bool called = false;
+    if (called) scm_misc_error (nullptr, "Double defined binding. \
+This may be caused because there are multiple C++ binding groups in the same \
+translation unit.  You may solve this by using different type tags for each \
+binding group.", SCM_EOL);
+    called = true;
+}
+
+struct move_sequence
+{
+    move_sequence() = default;
+    move_sequence(const move_sequence&) = delete;
+    move_sequence(move_sequence&& other)
+    { other.moved_from_ = true; };
+
+    bool moved_from_ = false;
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace scm
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/group.hpp b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/group.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..69cd385820cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/group.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <scm/detail/define.hpp>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace scm {
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename Tag, int Seq=0>
+struct definer
+{
+    using this_t = definer;
+    using next_t = definer<Tag, Seq + 1>;
+
+    std::string group_name_ = {};
+
+    definer() = default;
+    definer(definer&&) = default;
+
+    template <int Seq2,
+              typename Enable=std::enable_if_t<Seq2 + 1 == Seq>>
+    definer(definer<Tag, Seq2>)
+    {}
+
+    template <typename Fn>
+    next_t define(std::string name, Fn fn) &&
+    {
+        define_impl<this_t>(name, fn);
+        return { std::move(*this) };
+    }
+
+    template <typename Fn>
+    next_t maker(Fn fn) &&
+    {
+        define_impl<this_t>("make", fn);
+        return { std::move(*this) };
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename Tag, int Seq=0>
+struct group_definer
+{
+    using this_t = group_definer;
+    using next_t = group_definer<Tag, Seq + 1>;
+
+    std::string group_name_ = {};
+
+    group_definer(std::string name)
+        : group_name_{std::move(name)} {}
+
+    group_definer(group_definer&&) = default;
+
+    template <int Seq2,
+              typename Enable=std::enable_if_t<Seq2 + 1 == Seq>>
+    group_definer(group_definer<Tag, Seq2>)
+    {}
+
+    template <typename Fn>
+    next_t define(std::string name, Fn fn) &&
+    {
+        define_impl<this_t>(group_name_ + "-" + name, fn);
+        return { std::move(*this) };
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename Tag=void>
+detail::definer<Tag> group()
+{
+    return {};
+}
+
+template <typename Tag=void>
+detail::group_definer<Tag> group(std::string name)
+{
+    return { std::move(name) };
+}
+
+} // namespace scm
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/list.hpp b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/list.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dc162c200244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/list.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <scm/val.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace scm {
+
+struct list : detail::wrapper
+{
+    using base_t = detail::wrapper;
+    using base_t::base_t;
+
+    using iterator = list;
+    using value_type = val;
+
+    list() : base_t{SCM_EOL} {};
+    list end() const { return {}; }
+    list begin() const { return *this; }
+
+    explicit operator bool() { return handle_ != SCM_EOL; }
+
+    val operator* () const { return val{scm_car(handle_)}; }
+
+    list& operator++ ()
+    {
+        handle_ = scm_cdr(handle_);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    list operator++ (int)
+    {
+        auto result = *this;
+        result.handle_ = scm_cdr(handle_);
+        return result;
+    }
+};
+
+struct args : list
+{
+    using list::list;
+};
+
+} // namespace scm
+
+SCM_DECLARE_WRAPPER_TYPE(scm::list);
+SCM_DECLARE_WRAPPER_TYPE(scm::args);
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/scm.hpp b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/scm.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f4e4989a44a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/scm.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <scm/val.hpp>
+#include <scm/list.hpp>
+#include <scm/group.hpp>
+#include <scm/type.hpp>
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/type.hpp b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/type.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..da53ed46ef8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/type.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <scm/detail/finalizer_wrapper.hpp>
+#include <scm/detail/define.hpp>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace scm {
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename T>
+struct foreign_type_storage
+{
+    static SCM data;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+SCM foreign_type_storage<T>::data = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct convert_foreign_type
+{
+    using storage_t = foreign_type_storage<T>;
+    static T& to_cpp(SCM v)
+    {
+        assert(storage_t::data != SCM_UNSPECIFIED &&
+               "can not convert to undefined type");
+        scm_assert_foreign_object_type(storage_t::data, v);
+        return *(T*)scm_foreign_object_ref(v, 0);
+    }
+
+    template <typename U>
+    static SCM to_scm(U&& v)
+    {
+        assert(storage_t::data != SCM_UNSPECIFIED &&
+               "can not convert from undefined type");
+        return scm_make_foreign_object_1(
+            storage_t::data,
+            new (scm_gc_malloc(sizeof(T), "scmpp")) T(
+                std::forward<U>(v)));
+    }
+};
+
+// Assume that every other type is foreign
+template <typename T>
+struct convert<T,
+               std::enable_if_t<!std::is_fundamental<T>::value &&
+                                // only value types are supported at
+                                // the moment but the story might
+                                // change later...
+                                !std::is_pointer<T>::value>>
+    : convert_foreign_type<T>
+{
+};
+
+template <typename Tag, typename T, int Seq=0>
+struct type_definer : move_sequence
+{
+    using this_t = type_definer;
+    using next_t = type_definer<Tag, T, Seq + 1>;
+
+    std::string type_name_ = {};
+    scm_t_struct_finalize finalizer_ = nullptr;
+
+    type_definer(type_definer&&) = default;
+
+    type_definer(std::string type_name)
+        : type_name_(std::move(type_name))
+    {}
+
+    ~type_definer()
+    {
+        if (!moved_from_) {
+            using storage_t = detail::foreign_type_storage<T>;
+            assert(storage_t::data == SCM_UNSPECIFIED);
+            storage_t::data = scm_make_foreign_object_type(
+                scm_from_utf8_symbol(("<" + type_name_ + ">").c_str()),
+                scm_list_1(scm_from_utf8_symbol("data")),
+                finalizer_);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <int Seq2, typename Enable=std::enable_if_t<Seq2 + 1 == Seq>>
+    type_definer(type_definer<Tag, T, Seq2> r)
+        : move_sequence{std::move(r)}
+        , type_name_{std::move(r.type_name_)}
+        , finalizer_{std::move(r.finalizer_)}
+    {}
+
+    next_t constructor() &&
+    {
+        define_impl<this_t>(type_name_, [] { return T{}; });
+        return { std::move(*this) };
+    }
+
+    template <typename Fn>
+    next_t constructor(Fn fn) &&
+    {
+        define_impl<this_t>(type_name_, fn);
+        return { std::move(*this) };
+    }
+
+    next_t finalizer() &&
+    {
+        finalizer_ = (scm_t_struct_finalize) +finalizer_wrapper<Tag>(
+            [] (T& x) { x.~T(); });
+        return { std::move(*this) };
+    }
+
+    template <typename Fn>
+    next_t finalizer(Fn fn) &&
+    {
+        finalizer_ = (scm_t_struct_finalize) +finalizer_wrapper<Tag>(fn);
+        return { std::move(*this) };
+    }
+
+    next_t maker() &&
+    {
+        define_impl<this_t>("make-" + type_name_, [] { return T{}; });
+        return { std::move(*this) };
+    }
+
+    template <typename Fn>
+    next_t maker(Fn fn) &&
+    {
+        define_impl<this_t>("make-" + type_name_, fn);
+        return { std::move(*this) };
+    }
+
+    template <typename Fn>
+    next_t define(std::string name, Fn fn) &&
+    {
+        define_impl<this_t>(type_name_ + "-" + name, fn);
+        return { std::move(*this) };
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename Tag, typename T=Tag>
+detail::type_definer<Tag, T> type(std::string type_name)
+{
+    return { type_name };
+}
+
+} // namespace scm
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/val.hpp b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/val.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..63d7189262da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/scm/val.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <scm/detail/convert.hpp>
+
+namespace scm {
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename T>
+struct convert_wrapper_type
+{
+    static T to_cpp(SCM v) { return T{v}; }
+    static SCM to_scm(T v) { return v.get(); }
+};
+
+struct wrapper
+{
+    wrapper() = default;
+    wrapper(SCM hdl) : handle_{hdl} {}
+    SCM get() const { return handle_; }
+    operator SCM () const { return handle_; }
+
+    bool operator==(wrapper other) { return handle_ == other.handle_; }
+    bool operator!=(wrapper other) { return handle_ != other.handle_; }
+
+protected:
+    SCM handle_ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+struct val : detail::wrapper
+{
+    using base_t = detail::wrapper;
+    using base_t::base_t;
+
+    template <typename T,
+              typename = std::enable_if_t<
+                  (!std::is_same<std::decay_t<T>, val>{} &&
+                   !std::is_same<std::decay_t<T>, SCM>{})>>
+    val(T&& x)
+        : base_t(detail::to_scm(std::forward<T>(x)))
+    {}
+
+    template <typename T,
+              typename = std::enable_if_t<
+                  std::is_same<T, decltype(detail::to_cpp<T>(SCM{}))>{}>>
+    operator T() const { return detail::to_cpp<T>(handle_); }
+
+    template <typename T,
+              typename = std::enable_if_t<
+                  std::is_same<T&, decltype(detail::to_cpp<T>(SCM{}))>{}>>
+    operator T& () const { return detail::to_cpp<T>(handle_); }
+
+    template <typename T,
+              typename = std::enable_if_t<
+                  std::is_same<const T&, decltype(detail::to_cpp<T>(SCM{}))>{}>>
+    operator const T& () const { return detail::to_cpp<T>(handle_); }
+
+    val operator() () const
+    { return val{scm_call_0(get())}; }
+    val operator() (val a0) const
+    { return val{scm_call_1(get(), a0)}; }
+    val operator() (val a0, val a1) const
+    { return val{scm_call_2(get(), a0, a1)}; }
+    val operator() (val a0, val a1, val a3) const
+    { return val{scm_call_3(get(), a0, a1, a3)}; }
+};
+
+} // namespace scm
+
+#define SCM_DECLARE_WRAPPER_TYPE(cpp_name__)                            \
+    namespace scm {                                                     \
+    namespace detail {                                                  \
+    template <>                                                         \
+    struct convert<cpp_name__>                                          \
+        : convert_wrapper_type<cpp_name__> {};                          \
+    }} /* namespace scm::detail */                                      \
+    /**/
+
+SCM_DECLARE_WRAPPER_TYPE(val);
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/guile/src/immer.cpp b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/src/immer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7933447a8d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/guile/src/immer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include <immer/flex_vector.hpp>
+#include <immer/flex_vector_transient.hpp>
+#include <immer/algorithm.hpp>
+#include <scm/scm.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace {
+
+struct guile_heap
+{
+    static void* allocate(std::size_t size)
+    { return scm_gc_malloc(size, "immer"); }
+
+    static void* allocate(std::size_t size, immer::norefs_tag)
+    { return scm_gc_malloc_pointerless(size, "immer"); }
+
+    template <typename ...Tags>
+    static void deallocate(std::size_t size, void* obj, Tags...)
+    { scm_gc_free(obj, size, "immer"); }
+};
+
+using guile_memory = immer::memory_policy<
+    immer::heap_policy<guile_heap>,
+    immer::no_refcount_policy,
+    immer::gc_transience_policy,
+    false>;
+
+template <typename T>
+using guile_ivector = immer::flex_vector<T, guile_memory>;
+
+struct dummy
+{
+    SCM port_ = scm_current_warning_port();
+
+    dummy(dummy&&)
+    { scm_puts("~~ dummy move constructor\n", port_); }
+
+    dummy()
+    { scm_puts("~~ dummy default constructor\n", port_); }
+
+    ~dummy()
+    { scm_puts("~~ dummy finalized\n", port_); }
+
+    void foo()
+    { scm_puts("~~ dummy foo\n", port_); }
+
+    int bar(int x)
+    {
+        auto res = x + 42;
+        scm_puts("~~ dummy bar: ", port_);
+        scm_display(scm::val{res}, port_);
+        scm_newline(port_);
+        return res;
+    }
+};
+
+template <int I>
+void func()
+{
+    auto port = scm_current_warning_port();
+    scm_puts("~~ func", port);
+    scm_display(scm_from_int(I), port);
+    scm_newline(port);
+}
+
+template <typename T = scm::val>
+void init_ivector(std::string type_name = "")
+{
+    using namespace std::string_literals;
+
+    using self_t = guile_ivector<T>;
+    using size_t = typename self_t::size_type;
+
+    auto name = "ivector"s + (type_name.empty() ? ""s : "-" + type_name);
+
+    scm::type<self_t>(name)
+        .constructor([] (scm::args rest) {
+            return self_t(rest.begin(), rest.end());
+        })
+        .maker([] (size_t n, scm::args rest) {
+            return self_t(n, rest ? *rest : scm::val{});
+        })
+        .define("ref", &self_t::operator[])
+        .define("length", &self_t::size)
+        .define("set", [] (const self_t& v, size_t i, scm::val x) {
+            return v.set(i, x);
+        })
+        .define("update", [] (const self_t& v, size_t i, scm::val fn) {
+            return v.update(i, fn);
+        })
+        .define("push", [] (const self_t& v, scm::val x) {
+            return v.push_back(x);
+        })
+        .define("take", [] (const self_t& v, size_t s) {
+            return v.take(s);
+        })
+        .define("drop", [] (const self_t& v, size_t s) {
+            return v.drop(s);
+        })
+        .define("append", [] (self_t v, scm::args rest) {
+            for (auto x : rest)
+                v = v + x;
+            return v;
+        })
+        .define("fold", [] (scm::val fn, scm::val first, const self_t& v) {
+            return immer::accumulate(v, first, fn);
+        })
+        ;
+}
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+struct bar_tag_t {};
+
+extern "C"
+void init_immer()
+{
+    scm::type<dummy>("dummy")
+        .constructor()
+        .finalizer()
+        .define("foo", &dummy::foo)
+        .define("bar", &dummy::bar);
+
+    scm::group()
+        .define("func1", func<1>);
+
+    scm::group<bar_tag_t>()
+        .define("func2", func<2>)
+        .define("func3", &dummy::bar);
+
+    scm::group("foo")
+        .define("func1", func<1>);
+
+    init_ivector();
+    init_ivector<std::uint8_t>("u8");
+    init_ivector<std::uint16_t>("u16");
+    init_ivector<std::uint32_t>("u32");
+    init_ivector<std::uint64_t>("u64");
+    init_ivector<std::int8_t>("s8");
+    init_ivector<std::int16_t>("s16");
+    init_ivector<std::int32_t>("s32");
+    init_ivector<std::int64_t>("s64");
+    init_ivector<float>("f32");
+    init_ivector<double>("f64");
+}
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/js/immer.cpp b/third_party/immer/extra/js/immer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d0d77c8a2c55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/js/immer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include <immer/vector.hpp>
+#include <immer/refcount/unsafe_refcount_policy.hpp>
+#include <emscripten/bind.h>
+
+namespace {
+
+using memory_t = immer::memory_policy<
+    immer::unsafe_free_list_heap_policy<immer::malloc_heap>,
+    immer::unsafe_refcount_policy>;
+
+template <typename T>
+using js_vector_t = immer::vector<T, memory_t>;
+
+template <typename VectorT>
+VectorT range(typename VectorT::value_type first,
+              typename VectorT::value_type last)
+{
+    auto v = VectorT{};
+    for (; first != last; ++first)
+        v = std::move(v).push_back(first);
+    return v;
+}
+
+template <typename VectorT>
+VectorT range_slow(typename VectorT::value_type first,
+                   typename VectorT::value_type last)
+{
+    auto v = VectorT{};
+    for (; first != last; ++first)
+        v = v.push_back(first);
+    return v;
+}
+
+template <typename VectorT>
+VectorT push_back(VectorT& v, typename VectorT::value_type x)
+{ return v.push_back(x); }
+
+template <typename VectorT>
+VectorT set(VectorT& v, std::size_t i, typename VectorT::value_type x)
+{ return v.set(i, x); }
+
+template <typename T>
+void bind_vector(const char* name)
+{
+    using emscripten::class_;
+
+    using vector_t = js_vector_t<T>;
+
+    class_<vector_t>(name)
+        .constructor()
+        .function("push",  &push_back<vector_t>)
+        .function("set",   &set<vector_t>)
+        .function("get",   &vector_t::operator[])
+        .property("size",  &vector_t::size);
+}
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(immer)
+{
+    using emscripten::function;
+
+    bind_vector<emscripten::val>("Vector");
+    bind_vector<int>("VectorInt");
+    bind_vector<double>("VectorNumber");
+
+    function("range_int", &range<js_vector_t<int>>);
+    function("rangeSlow_int", &range_slow<js_vector_t<int>>);
+    function("range_double", &range<js_vector_t<double>>);
+    function("rangeSlow_double", &range_slow<js_vector_t<double>>);
+}
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/js/index.js b/third_party/immer/extra/js/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6da994164f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/js/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * immer: immutable data structures for C++
+ * Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+ *
+ * This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+ * See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+ */
+
+var immer = Module
+
+var N = 1000
+
+var suite = new Benchmark.Suite('push')
+    .add('Immutable.List', function(){
+        var v = new Immutable.List
+        for (var x = 0; x < N; ++x)
+            v = v.push(x)
+    })
+    .add('mori.vector', function(){
+        var v = mori.vector()
+        for (var x = 0; x < N; ++x)
+            v = mori.conj.f2(v, x)
+    })
+    .add('mori.vector-Transient', function(){
+        var v = mori.mutable.thaw(mori.vector())
+        for (var x = 0; x < N; ++x)
+            v = mori.mutable.conj.f2(v, x)
+        return mori.mutable.freeze(v)
+    })
+    .add('immer.Vector', function(){
+        var v = new immer.Vector
+        for (var x = 0; x < N; ++x) {
+            var v_ = v
+            v = v.push(x)
+            v_.delete()
+        }
+    })
+    .add('immer.VectorInt', function(){
+        var v = new immer.VectorInt
+        for (var x = 0; x < N; ++x) {
+            var v_ = v
+            v = v.push(x)
+            v_.delete()
+        }
+        v.delete()
+    })
+    .add('immer.VectorNumber', function(){
+        var v = new immer.VectorNumber
+        for (var x = 0; x < N; ++x) {
+            var v_ = v
+            v = v.push(x)
+            v_.delete()
+        }
+        v.delete()
+    })
+    .add('immer.VectorInt-Native', function(){
+        immer.rangeSlow_int(0, N).delete()
+    })
+    .add('immer.VectorInt-NativeTransient', function(){
+        immer.range_int(0, N).delete()
+    })
+    .add('immer.VectorDouble-Native', function(){
+        immer.rangeSlow_double(0, N).delete()
+    })
+    .add('immer.VectorDouble-NativeTransient', function(){
+        immer.range_double(0, N).delete()
+    })
+    .on('cycle', function(event) {
+        console.log(String(event.target));
+    })
+    .on('complete', function() {
+        console.log('Fastest is ' + this.filter('fastest').map('name'));
+    })
+    .run({ 'async': true })
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/js/index.tpl.html b/third_party/immer/extra/js/index.tpl.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fdbd40a86a10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/js/index.tpl.html
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+<!--
+    immer: immutable data structures for C++
+    Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+
+    This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+    See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <script src="../lib/lodash.js"></script>
+    <script src="../lib/platform.js"></script>
+    <script src="../lib/benchmark.js"></script>
+    <script src="../lib/immutable.min.js"></script>
+    <script src="../lib/mori.js"></script>
+    <script>
+    </script>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <script>
+     var IMMER_WASM_HAS_MEM = false;
+     var IMMER_JS_FILE = '%IMMER_JS%'
+     var Module = {};
+
+     if (IMMER_JS_FILE.endsWith('wasm.js'))
+         loadWasm()
+     else if (IMMER_JS_FILE.endsWith('asmjs.js'))
+         loadAsmjs()
+     else
+         throw Error('Wrong format')
+
+     function loadAsync(u, c) {
+         var d = document, t = 'script',
+             o = d.createElement(t),
+             s = d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0];
+         o.src = u;
+         if (c) { o.addEventListener('load', function (e) { c(null, e); }, false); }
+         s.parentNode.insertBefore(o, s);
+     }
+
+     function loadAsmjs() {
+         loadAsync(IMMER_JS_FILE, function () {
+             loadAsync('../index.js')
+         });
+     }
+
+     function loadWasm() {
+         var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
+         var basename = IMMER_JS_FILE.substring(0, IMMER_JS_FILE.length-3)
+         xhr.open('GET', basename + '.wasm', true);
+         xhr.responseType = 'arraybuffer';
+         xhr.onload = function() {
+             Module.wasmBinary = xhr.response;
+             if (IMMER_WASM_HAS_MEM) {
+                 (function() {
+                     var memoryInitializer = IMMER_JS_FILE + '.mem';
+                     if (typeof Module['locateFile'] === 'function') {
+                         memoryInitializer = Module['locateFile'](memoryInitializer);
+                     } else if (Module['memoryInitializerPrefixURL']) {
+                         memoryInitializer = Module['memoryInitializerPrefixURL'] + memoryInitializer;
+                     }
+                     var xhr = Module['memoryInitializerRequest'] = new XMLHttpRequest();
+                     xhr.open('GET', memoryInitializer, true);
+                     xhr.responseType = 'arraybuffer';
+                     xhr.send(null);
+                 })();
+             }
+             loadAsync(IMMER_JS_FILE, function () {
+                 loadAsync('../index.js')
+             });
+         };
+         xhr.send(null);
+     }
+    </script>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/js/lib/benchmark.js b/third_party/immer/extra/js/lib/benchmark.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..11bc2babaf25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/js/lib/benchmark.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2811 @@
+/*!
+ * Benchmark.js <https://benchmarkjs.com/>
+ * Copyright 2010-2016 Mathias Bynens <https://mths.be/>
+ * Based on JSLitmus.js, copyright Robert Kieffer <http://broofa.com/>
+ * Modified by John-David Dalton <http://allyoucanleet.com/>
+ * Available under MIT license <https://mths.be/mit>
+ */
+;(function() {
+  'use strict';
+
+  /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre ES5 environments. */
+  var undefined;
+
+  /** Used to determine if values are of the language type Object. */
+  var objectTypes = {
+    'function': true,
+    'object': true
+  };
+
+  /** Used as a reference to the global object. */
+  var root = (objectTypes[typeof window] && window) || this;
+
+  /** Detect free variable `define`. */
+  var freeDefine = typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd && define;
+
+  /** Detect free variable `exports`. */
+  var freeExports = objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports;
+
+  /** Detect free variable `module`. */
+  var freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType && module;
+
+  /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js or Browserified code and use it as `root`. */
+  var freeGlobal = freeExports && freeModule && typeof global == 'object' && global;
+  if (freeGlobal && (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.self === freeGlobal)) {
+    root = freeGlobal;
+  }
+
+  /** Detect free variable `require`. */
+  var freeRequire = typeof require == 'function' && require;
+
+  /** Used to assign each benchmark an incremented id. */
+  var counter = 0;
+
+  /** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports`. */
+  var moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports && freeExports;
+
+  /** Used to detect primitive types. */
+  var rePrimitive = /^(?:boolean|number|string|undefined)$/;
+
+  /** Used to make every compiled test unique. */
+  var uidCounter = 0;
+
+  /** Used to assign default `context` object properties. */
+  var contextProps = [
+    'Array', 'Date', 'Function', 'Math', 'Object', 'RegExp', 'String', '_',
+    'clearTimeout', 'chrome', 'chromium', 'document', 'navigator', 'phantom',
+    'platform', 'process', 'runtime', 'setTimeout'
+  ];
+
+  /** Used to avoid hz of Infinity. */
+  var divisors = {
+    '1': 4096,
+    '2': 512,
+    '3': 64,
+    '4': 8,
+    '5': 0
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * T-Distribution two-tailed critical values for 95% confidence.
+   * For more info see http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda3672.htm.
+   */
+  var tTable = {
+    '1':  12.706, '2':  4.303, '3':  3.182, '4':  2.776, '5':  2.571, '6':  2.447,
+    '7':  2.365,  '8':  2.306, '9':  2.262, '10': 2.228, '11': 2.201, '12': 2.179,
+    '13': 2.16,   '14': 2.145, '15': 2.131, '16': 2.12,  '17': 2.11,  '18': 2.101,
+    '19': 2.093,  '20': 2.086, '21': 2.08,  '22': 2.074, '23': 2.069, '24': 2.064,
+    '25': 2.06,   '26': 2.056, '27': 2.052, '28': 2.048, '29': 2.045, '30': 2.042,
+    'infinity': 1.96
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Critical Mann-Whitney U-values for 95% confidence.
+   * For more info see http://www.saburchill.com/IBbiology/stats/003.html.
+   */
+  var uTable = {
+    '5':  [0, 1, 2],
+    '6':  [1, 2, 3, 5],
+    '7':  [1, 3, 5, 6, 8],
+    '8':  [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 13],
+    '9':  [2, 4, 7, 10, 12, 15, 17],
+    '10': [3, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23],
+    '11': [3, 6, 9, 13, 16, 19, 23, 26, 30],
+    '12': [4, 7, 11, 14, 18, 22, 26, 29, 33, 37],
+    '13': [4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 33, 37, 41, 45],
+    '14': [5, 9, 13, 17, 22, 26, 31, 36, 40, 45, 50, 55],
+    '15': [5, 10, 14, 19, 24, 29, 34, 39, 44, 49, 54, 59, 64],
+    '16': [6, 11, 15, 21, 26, 31, 37, 42, 47, 53, 59, 64, 70, 75],
+    '17': [6, 11, 17, 22, 28, 34, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 67, 75, 81, 87],
+    '18': [7, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 55, 61, 67, 74, 80, 86, 93, 99],
+    '19': [7, 13, 19, 25, 32, 38, 45, 52, 58, 65, 72, 78, 85, 92, 99, 106, 113],
+    '20': [8, 14, 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, 55, 62, 69, 76, 83, 90, 98, 105, 112, 119, 127],
+    '21': [8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 58, 65, 73, 80, 88, 96, 103, 111, 119, 126, 134, 142],
+    '22': [9, 16, 23, 30, 38, 45, 53, 61, 69, 77, 85, 93, 101, 109, 117, 125, 133, 141, 150, 158],
+    '23': [9, 17, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 73, 81, 89, 98, 106, 115, 123, 132, 140, 149, 157, 166, 175],
+    '24': [10, 17, 25, 33, 42, 50, 59, 67, 76, 85, 94, 102, 111, 120, 129, 138, 147, 156, 165, 174, 183, 192],
+    '25': [10, 18, 27, 35, 44, 53, 62, 71, 80, 89, 98, 107, 117, 126, 135, 145, 154, 163, 173, 182, 192, 201, 211],
+    '26': [11, 19, 28, 37, 46, 55, 64, 74, 83, 93, 102, 112, 122, 132, 141, 151, 161, 171, 181, 191, 200, 210, 220, 230],
+    '27': [11, 20, 29, 38, 48, 57, 67, 77, 87, 97, 107, 118, 125, 138, 147, 158, 168, 178, 188, 199, 209, 219, 230, 240, 250],
+    '28': [12, 21, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 101, 111, 122, 132, 143, 154, 164, 175, 186, 196, 207, 218, 228, 239, 250, 261, 272],
+    '29': [13, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 73, 83, 94, 105, 116, 127, 138, 149, 160, 171, 182, 193, 204, 215, 226, 238, 249, 260, 271, 282, 294],
+    '30': [13, 23, 33, 43, 54, 65, 76, 87, 98, 109, 120, 131, 143, 154, 166, 177, 189, 200, 212, 223, 235, 247, 258, 270, 282, 293, 305, 317]
+  };
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new `Benchmark` function using the given `context` object.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf Benchmark
+   * @param {Object} [context=root] The context object.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns a new `Benchmark` function.
+   */
+  function runInContext(context) {
+    // Exit early if unable to acquire lodash.
+    var _ = context && context._ || require('lodash') || root._;
+    if (!_) {
+      Benchmark.runInContext = runInContext;
+      return Benchmark;
+    }
+    // Avoid issues with some ES3 environments that attempt to use values, named
+    // after built-in constructors like `Object`, for the creation of literals.
+    // ES5 clears this up by stating that literals must use built-in constructors.
+    // See http://es5.github.io/#x11.1.5.
+    context = context ? _.defaults(root.Object(), context, _.pick(root, contextProps)) : root;
+
+    /** Native constructor references. */
+    var Array = context.Array,
+        Date = context.Date,
+        Function = context.Function,
+        Math = context.Math,
+        Object = context.Object,
+        RegExp = context.RegExp,
+        String = context.String;
+
+    /** Used for `Array` and `Object` method references. */
+    var arrayRef = [],
+        objectProto = Object.prototype;
+
+    /** Native method shortcuts. */
+    var abs = Math.abs,
+        clearTimeout = context.clearTimeout,
+        floor = Math.floor,
+        log = Math.log,
+        max = Math.max,
+        min = Math.min,
+        pow = Math.pow,
+        push = arrayRef.push,
+        setTimeout = context.setTimeout,
+        shift = arrayRef.shift,
+        slice = arrayRef.slice,
+        sqrt = Math.sqrt,
+        toString = objectProto.toString,
+        unshift = arrayRef.unshift;
+
+    /** Used to avoid inclusion in Browserified bundles. */
+    var req = require;
+
+    /** Detect DOM document object. */
+    var doc = isHostType(context, 'document') && context.document;
+
+    /** Used to access Wade Simmons' Node.js `microtime` module. */
+    var microtimeObject = req('microtime');
+
+    /** Used to access Node.js's high resolution timer. */
+    var processObject = isHostType(context, 'process') && context.process;
+
+    /** Used to prevent a `removeChild` memory leak in IE < 9. */
+    var trash = doc && doc.createElement('div');
+
+    /** Used to integrity check compiled tests. */
+    var uid = 'uid' + _.now();
+
+    /** Used to avoid infinite recursion when methods call each other. */
+    var calledBy = {};
+
+    /**
+     * An object used to flag environments/features.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf Benchmark
+     * @type Object
+     */
+    var support = {};
+
+    (function() {
+
+      /**
+       * Detect if running in a browser environment.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.support
+       * @type boolean
+       */
+      support.browser = doc && isHostType(context, 'navigator') && !isHostType(context, 'phantom');
+
+      /**
+       * Detect if the Timers API exists.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.support
+       * @type boolean
+       */
+      support.timeout = isHostType(context, 'setTimeout') && isHostType(context, 'clearTimeout');
+
+      /**
+       * Detect if function decompilation is support.
+       *
+       * @name decompilation
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.support
+       * @type boolean
+       */
+      try {
+        // Safari 2.x removes commas in object literals from `Function#toString` results.
+        // See http://webk.it/11609 for more details.
+        // Firefox 3.6 and Opera 9.25 strip grouping parentheses from `Function#toString` results.
+        // See http://bugzil.la/559438 for more details.
+        support.decompilation = Function(
+          ('return (' + (function(x) { return { 'x': '' + (1 + x) + '', 'y': 0 }; }) + ')')
+          // Avoid issues with code added by Istanbul.
+          .replace(/__cov__[^;]+;/g, '')
+        )()(0).x === '1';
+      } catch(e) {
+        support.decompilation = false;
+      }
+    }());
+
+    /**
+     * Timer object used by `clock()` and `Deferred#resolve`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @type Object
+     */
+    var timer = {
+
+      /**
+       * The timer namespace object or constructor.
+       *
+       * @private
+       * @memberOf timer
+       * @type {Function|Object}
+       */
+      'ns': Date,
+
+      /**
+       * Starts the deferred timer.
+       *
+       * @private
+       * @memberOf timer
+       * @param {Object} deferred The deferred instance.
+       */
+      'start': null, // Lazy defined in `clock()`.
+
+      /**
+       * Stops the deferred timer.
+       *
+       * @private
+       * @memberOf timer
+       * @param {Object} deferred The deferred instance.
+       */
+      'stop': null // Lazy defined in `clock()`.
+    };
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * The Benchmark constructor.
+     *
+     * Note: The Benchmark constructor exposes a handful of lodash methods to
+     * make working with arrays, collections, and objects easier. The lodash
+     * methods are:
+     * [`each/forEach`](https://lodash.com/docs#forEach), [`forOwn`](https://lodash.com/docs#forOwn),
+     * [`has`](https://lodash.com/docs#has), [`indexOf`](https://lodash.com/docs#indexOf),
+     * [`map`](https://lodash.com/docs#map), and [`reduce`](https://lodash.com/docs#reduce)
+     *
+     * @constructor
+     * @param {string} name A name to identify the benchmark.
+     * @param {Function|string} fn The test to benchmark.
+     * @param {Object} [options={}] Options object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // basic usage (the `new` operator is optional)
+     * var bench = new Benchmark(fn);
+     *
+     * // or using a name first
+     * var bench = new Benchmark('foo', fn);
+     *
+     * // or with options
+     * var bench = new Benchmark('foo', fn, {
+     *
+     *   // displayed by `Benchmark#toString` if `name` is not available
+     *   'id': 'xyz',
+     *
+     *   // called when the benchmark starts running
+     *   'onStart': onStart,
+     *
+     *   // called after each run cycle
+     *   'onCycle': onCycle,
+     *
+     *   // called when aborted
+     *   'onAbort': onAbort,
+     *
+     *   // called when a test errors
+     *   'onError': onError,
+     *
+     *   // called when reset
+     *   'onReset': onReset,
+     *
+     *   // called when the benchmark completes running
+     *   'onComplete': onComplete,
+     *
+     *   // compiled/called before the test loop
+     *   'setup': setup,
+     *
+     *   // compiled/called after the test loop
+     *   'teardown': teardown
+     * });
+     *
+     * // or name and options
+     * var bench = new Benchmark('foo', {
+     *
+     *   // a flag to indicate the benchmark is deferred
+     *   'defer': true,
+     *
+     *   // benchmark test function
+     *   'fn': function(deferred) {
+     *     // call `Deferred#resolve` when the deferred test is finished
+     *     deferred.resolve();
+     *   }
+     * });
+     *
+     * // or options only
+     * var bench = new Benchmark({
+     *
+     *   // benchmark name
+     *   'name': 'foo',
+     *
+     *   // benchmark test as a string
+     *   'fn': '[1,2,3,4].sort()'
+     * });
+     *
+     * // a test's `this` binding is set to the benchmark instance
+     * var bench = new Benchmark('foo', function() {
+     *   'My name is '.concat(this.name); // "My name is foo"
+     * });
+     */
+    function Benchmark(name, fn, options) {
+      var bench = this;
+
+      // Allow instance creation without the `new` operator.
+      if (!(bench instanceof Benchmark)) {
+        return new Benchmark(name, fn, options);
+      }
+      // Juggle arguments.
+      if (_.isPlainObject(name)) {
+        // 1 argument (options).
+        options = name;
+      }
+      else if (_.isFunction(name)) {
+        // 2 arguments (fn, options).
+        options = fn;
+        fn = name;
+      }
+      else if (_.isPlainObject(fn)) {
+        // 2 arguments (name, options).
+        options = fn;
+        fn = null;
+        bench.name = name;
+      }
+      else {
+        // 3 arguments (name, fn [, options]).
+        bench.name = name;
+      }
+      setOptions(bench, options);
+
+      bench.id || (bench.id = ++counter);
+      bench.fn == null && (bench.fn = fn);
+
+      bench.stats = cloneDeep(bench.stats);
+      bench.times = cloneDeep(bench.times);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The Deferred constructor.
+     *
+     * @constructor
+     * @memberOf Benchmark
+     * @param {Object} clone The cloned benchmark instance.
+     */
+    function Deferred(clone) {
+      var deferred = this;
+      if (!(deferred instanceof Deferred)) {
+        return new Deferred(clone);
+      }
+      deferred.benchmark = clone;
+      clock(deferred);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The Event constructor.
+     *
+     * @constructor
+     * @memberOf Benchmark
+     * @param {Object|string} type The event type.
+     */
+    function Event(type) {
+      var event = this;
+      if (type instanceof Event) {
+        return type;
+      }
+      return (event instanceof Event)
+        ? _.assign(event, { 'timeStamp': _.now() }, typeof type == 'string' ? { 'type': type } : type)
+        : new Event(type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The Suite constructor.
+     *
+     * Note: Each Suite instance has a handful of wrapped lodash methods to
+     * make working with Suites easier. The wrapped lodash methods are:
+     * [`each/forEach`](https://lodash.com/docs#forEach), [`indexOf`](https://lodash.com/docs#indexOf),
+     * [`map`](https://lodash.com/docs#map), and [`reduce`](https://lodash.com/docs#reduce)
+     *
+     * @constructor
+     * @memberOf Benchmark
+     * @param {string} name A name to identify the suite.
+     * @param {Object} [options={}] Options object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // basic usage (the `new` operator is optional)
+     * var suite = new Benchmark.Suite;
+     *
+     * // or using a name first
+     * var suite = new Benchmark.Suite('foo');
+     *
+     * // or with options
+     * var suite = new Benchmark.Suite('foo', {
+     *
+     *   // called when the suite starts running
+     *   'onStart': onStart,
+     *
+     *   // called between running benchmarks
+     *   'onCycle': onCycle,
+     *
+     *   // called when aborted
+     *   'onAbort': onAbort,
+     *
+     *   // called when a test errors
+     *   'onError': onError,
+     *
+     *   // called when reset
+     *   'onReset': onReset,
+     *
+     *   // called when the suite completes running
+     *   'onComplete': onComplete
+     * });
+     */
+    function Suite(name, options) {
+      var suite = this;
+
+      // Allow instance creation without the `new` operator.
+      if (!(suite instanceof Suite)) {
+        return new Suite(name, options);
+      }
+      // Juggle arguments.
+      if (_.isPlainObject(name)) {
+        // 1 argument (options).
+        options = name;
+      } else {
+        // 2 arguments (name [, options]).
+        suite.name = name;
+      }
+      setOptions(suite, options);
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * A specialized version of `_.cloneDeep` which only clones arrays and plain
+     * objects assigning all other values by reference.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to clone.
+     * @returns {*} The cloned value.
+     */
+    var cloneDeep = _.partial(_.cloneDeepWith, _, function(value) {
+      // Only clone primitives, arrays, and plain objects.
+      return (_.isObject(value) && !_.isArray(value) && !_.isPlainObject(value))
+        ? value
+        : undefined;
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function from the given arguments string and body.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} args The comma separated function arguments.
+     * @param {string} body The function body.
+     * @returns {Function} The new function.
+     */
+    function createFunction() {
+      // Lazy define.
+      createFunction = function(args, body) {
+        var result,
+            anchor = freeDefine ? freeDefine.amd : Benchmark,
+            prop = uid + 'createFunction';
+
+        runScript((freeDefine ? 'define.amd.' : 'Benchmark.') + prop + '=function(' + args + '){' + body + '}');
+        result = anchor[prop];
+        delete anchor[prop];
+        return result;
+      };
+      // Fix JaegerMonkey bug.
+      // For more information see http://bugzil.la/639720.
+      createFunction = support.browser && (createFunction('', 'return"' + uid + '"') || _.noop)() == uid ? createFunction : Function;
+      return createFunction.apply(null, arguments);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delay the execution of a function based on the benchmark's `delay` property.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} bench The benchmark instance.
+     * @param {Object} fn The function to execute.
+     */
+    function delay(bench, fn) {
+      bench._timerId = _.delay(fn, bench.delay * 1e3);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Destroys the given element.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Element} element The element to destroy.
+     */
+    function destroyElement(element) {
+      trash.appendChild(element);
+      trash.innerHTML = '';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the name of the first argument from a function's source.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} fn The function.
+     * @returns {string} The argument name.
+     */
+    function getFirstArgument(fn) {
+      return (!_.has(fn, 'toString') &&
+        (/^[\s(]*function[^(]*\(([^\s,)]+)/.exec(fn) || 0)[1]) || '';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the arithmetic mean of a sample.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} sample The sample.
+     * @returns {number} The mean.
+     */
+    function getMean(sample) {
+      return (_.reduce(sample, function(sum, x) {
+        return sum + x;
+      }) / sample.length) || 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the source code of a function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} fn The function.
+     * @returns {string} The function's source code.
+     */
+    function getSource(fn) {
+      var result = '';
+      if (isStringable(fn)) {
+        result = String(fn);
+      } else if (support.decompilation) {
+        // Escape the `{` for Firefox 1.
+        result = _.result(/^[^{]+\{([\s\S]*)\}\s*$/.exec(fn), 1);
+      }
+      // Trim string.
+      result = (result || '').replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '');
+
+      // Detect strings containing only the "use strict" directive.
+      return /^(?:\/\*+[\w\W]*?\*\/|\/\/.*?[\n\r\u2028\u2029]|\s)*(["'])use strict\1;?$/.test(result)
+        ? ''
+        : result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if an object is of the specified class.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @param {string} name The name of the class.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the value is of the specified class, else `false`.
+     */
+    function isClassOf(value, name) {
+      return value != null && toString.call(value) == '[object ' + name + ']';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Host objects can return type values that are different from their actual
+     * data type. The objects we are concerned with usually return non-primitive
+     * types of "object", "function", or "unknown".
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} object The owner of the property.
+     * @param {string} property The property to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the property value is a non-primitive, else `false`.
+     */
+    function isHostType(object, property) {
+      if (object == null) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      var type = typeof object[property];
+      return !rePrimitive.test(type) && (type != 'object' || !!object[property]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if a value can be safely coerced to a string.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the value can be coerced, else `false`.
+     */
+    function isStringable(value) {
+      return _.isString(value) || (_.has(value, 'toString') && _.isFunction(value.toString));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A wrapper around `require` to suppress `module missing` errors.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} id The module id.
+     * @returns {*} The exported module or `null`.
+     */
+    function require(id) {
+      try {
+        var result = freeExports && freeRequire(id);
+      } catch(e) {}
+      return result || null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Runs a snippet of JavaScript via script injection.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} code The code to run.
+     */
+    function runScript(code) {
+      var anchor = freeDefine ? define.amd : Benchmark,
+          script = doc.createElement('script'),
+          sibling = doc.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],
+          parent = sibling.parentNode,
+          prop = uid + 'runScript',
+          prefix = '(' + (freeDefine ? 'define.amd.' : 'Benchmark.') + prop + '||function(){})();';
+
+      // Firefox 2.0.0.2 cannot use script injection as intended because it executes
+      // asynchronously, but that's OK because script injection is only used to avoid
+      // the previously commented JaegerMonkey bug.
+      try {
+        // Remove the inserted script *before* running the code to avoid differences
+        // in the expected script element count/order of the document.
+        script.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(prefix + code));
+        anchor[prop] = function() { destroyElement(script); };
+      } catch(e) {
+        parent = parent.cloneNode(false);
+        sibling = null;
+        script.text = code;
+      }
+      parent.insertBefore(script, sibling);
+      delete anchor[prop];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A helper function for setting options/event handlers.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The benchmark or suite instance.
+     * @param {Object} [options={}] Options object.
+     */
+    function setOptions(object, options) {
+      options = object.options = _.assign({}, cloneDeep(object.constructor.options), cloneDeep(options));
+
+      _.forOwn(options, function(value, key) {
+        if (value != null) {
+          // Add event listeners.
+          if (/^on[A-Z]/.test(key)) {
+            _.each(key.split(' '), function(key) {
+              object.on(key.slice(2).toLowerCase(), value);
+            });
+          } else if (!_.has(object, key)) {
+            object[key] = cloneDeep(value);
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Handles cycling/completing the deferred benchmark.
+     *
+     * @memberOf Benchmark.Deferred
+     */
+    function resolve() {
+      var deferred = this,
+          clone = deferred.benchmark,
+          bench = clone._original;
+
+      if (bench.aborted) {
+        // cycle() -> clone cycle/complete event -> compute()'s invoked bench.run() cycle/complete.
+        deferred.teardown();
+        clone.running = false;
+        cycle(deferred);
+      }
+      else if (++deferred.cycles < clone.count) {
+        clone.compiled.call(deferred, context, timer);
+      }
+      else {
+        timer.stop(deferred);
+        deferred.teardown();
+        delay(clone, function() { cycle(deferred); });
+      }
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * A generic `Array#filter` like method.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf Benchmark
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function|string} callback The function/alias called per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} A new array of values that passed callback filter.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // get odd numbers
+     * Benchmark.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], function(n) {
+     *   return n % 2;
+     * }); // -> [1, 3, 5];
+     *
+     * // get fastest benchmarks
+     * Benchmark.filter(benches, 'fastest');
+     *
+     * // get slowest benchmarks
+     * Benchmark.filter(benches, 'slowest');
+     *
+     * // get benchmarks that completed without erroring
+     * Benchmark.filter(benches, 'successful');
+     */
+    function filter(array, callback) {
+      if (callback === 'successful') {
+        // Callback to exclude those that are errored, unrun, or have hz of Infinity.
+        callback = function(bench) {
+          return bench.cycles && _.isFinite(bench.hz) && !bench.error;
+        };
+      }
+      else if (callback === 'fastest' || callback === 'slowest') {
+        // Get successful, sort by period + margin of error, and filter fastest/slowest.
+        var result = filter(array, 'successful').sort(function(a, b) {
+          a = a.stats; b = b.stats;
+          return (a.mean + a.moe > b.mean + b.moe ? 1 : -1) * (callback === 'fastest' ? 1 : -1);
+        });
+
+        return _.filter(result, function(bench) {
+          return result[0].compare(bench) == 0;
+        });
+      }
+      return _.filter(array, callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a number to a more readable comma-separated string representation.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf Benchmark
+     * @param {number} number The number to convert.
+     * @returns {string} The more readable string representation.
+     */
+    function formatNumber(number) {
+      number = String(number).split('.');
+      return number[0].replace(/(?=(?:\d{3})+$)(?!\b)/g, ',') +
+        (number[1] ? '.' + number[1] : '');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invokes a method on all items in an array.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf Benchmark
+     * @param {Array} benches Array of benchmarks to iterate over.
+     * @param {Object|string} name The name of the method to invoke OR options object.
+     * @param {...*} [args] Arguments to invoke the method with.
+     * @returns {Array} A new array of values returned from each method invoked.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // invoke `reset` on all benchmarks
+     * Benchmark.invoke(benches, 'reset');
+     *
+     * // invoke `emit` with arguments
+     * Benchmark.invoke(benches, 'emit', 'complete', listener);
+     *
+     * // invoke `run(true)`, treat benchmarks as a queue, and register invoke callbacks
+     * Benchmark.invoke(benches, {
+     *
+     *   // invoke the `run` method
+     *   'name': 'run',
+     *
+     *   // pass a single argument
+     *   'args': true,
+     *
+     *   // treat as queue, removing benchmarks from front of `benches` until empty
+     *   'queued': true,
+     *
+     *   // called before any benchmarks have been invoked.
+     *   'onStart': onStart,
+     *
+     *   // called between invoking benchmarks
+     *   'onCycle': onCycle,
+     *
+     *   // called after all benchmarks have been invoked.
+     *   'onComplete': onComplete
+     * });
+     */
+    function invoke(benches, name) {
+      var args,
+          bench,
+          queued,
+          index = -1,
+          eventProps = { 'currentTarget': benches },
+          options = { 'onStart': _.noop, 'onCycle': _.noop, 'onComplete': _.noop },
+          result = _.toArray(benches);
+
+      /**
+       * Invokes the method of the current object and if synchronous, fetches the next.
+       */
+      function execute() {
+        var listeners,
+            async = isAsync(bench);
+
+        if (async) {
+          // Use `getNext` as the first listener.
+          bench.on('complete', getNext);
+          listeners = bench.events.complete;
+          listeners.splice(0, 0, listeners.pop());
+        }
+        // Execute method.
+        result[index] = _.isFunction(bench && bench[name]) ? bench[name].apply(bench, args) : undefined;
+        // If synchronous return `true` until finished.
+        return !async && getNext();
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Fetches the next bench or executes `onComplete` callback.
+       */
+      function getNext(event) {
+        var cycleEvent,
+            last = bench,
+            async = isAsync(last);
+
+        if (async) {
+          last.off('complete', getNext);
+          last.emit('complete');
+        }
+        // Emit "cycle" event.
+        eventProps.type = 'cycle';
+        eventProps.target = last;
+        cycleEvent = Event(eventProps);
+        options.onCycle.call(benches, cycleEvent);
+
+        // Choose next benchmark if not exiting early.
+        if (!cycleEvent.aborted && raiseIndex() !== false) {
+          bench = queued ? benches[0] : result[index];
+          if (isAsync(bench)) {
+            delay(bench, execute);
+          }
+          else if (async) {
+            // Resume execution if previously asynchronous but now synchronous.
+            while (execute()) {}
+          }
+          else {
+            // Continue synchronous execution.
+            return true;
+          }
+        } else {
+          // Emit "complete" event.
+          eventProps.type = 'complete';
+          options.onComplete.call(benches, Event(eventProps));
+        }
+        // When used as a listener `event.aborted = true` will cancel the rest of
+        // the "complete" listeners because they were already called above and when
+        // used as part of `getNext` the `return false` will exit the execution while-loop.
+        if (event) {
+          event.aborted = true;
+        } else {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Checks if invoking `Benchmark#run` with asynchronous cycles.
+       */
+      function isAsync(object) {
+        // Avoid using `instanceof` here because of IE memory leak issues with host objects.
+        var async = args[0] && args[0].async;
+        return name == 'run' && (object instanceof Benchmark) &&
+          ((async == null ? object.options.async : async) && support.timeout || object.defer);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Raises `index` to the next defined index or returns `false`.
+       */
+      function raiseIndex() {
+        index++;
+
+        // If queued remove the previous bench.
+        if (queued && index > 0) {
+          shift.call(benches);
+        }
+        // If we reached the last index then return `false`.
+        return (queued ? benches.length : index < result.length)
+          ? index
+          : (index = false);
+      }
+      // Juggle arguments.
+      if (_.isString(name)) {
+        // 2 arguments (array, name).
+        args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+      } else {
+        // 2 arguments (array, options).
+        options = _.assign(options, name);
+        name = options.name;
+        args = _.isArray(args = 'args' in options ? options.args : []) ? args : [args];
+        queued = options.queued;
+      }
+      // Start iterating over the array.
+      if (raiseIndex() !== false) {
+        // Emit "start" event.
+        bench = result[index];
+        eventProps.type = 'start';
+        eventProps.target = bench;
+        options.onStart.call(benches, Event(eventProps));
+
+        // End early if the suite was aborted in an "onStart" listener.
+        if (name == 'run' && (benches instanceof Suite) && benches.aborted) {
+          // Emit "cycle" event.
+          eventProps.type = 'cycle';
+          options.onCycle.call(benches, Event(eventProps));
+          // Emit "complete" event.
+          eventProps.type = 'complete';
+          options.onComplete.call(benches, Event(eventProps));
+        }
+        // Start method execution.
+        else {
+          if (isAsync(bench)) {
+            delay(bench, execute);
+          } else {
+            while (execute()) {}
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a string of joined array values or object key-value pairs.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf Benchmark
+     * @param {Array|Object} object The object to operate on.
+     * @param {string} [separator1=','] The separator used between key-value pairs.
+     * @param {string} [separator2=': '] The separator used between keys and values.
+     * @returns {string} The joined result.
+     */
+    function join(object, separator1, separator2) {
+      var result = [],
+          length = (object = Object(object)).length,
+          arrayLike = length === length >>> 0;
+
+      separator2 || (separator2 = ': ');
+      _.each(object, function(value, key) {
+        result.push(arrayLike ? value : key + separator2 + value);
+      });
+      return result.join(separator1 || ',');
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Aborts all benchmarks in the suite.
+     *
+     * @name abort
+     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
+     * @returns {Object} The suite instance.
+     */
+    function abortSuite() {
+      var event,
+          suite = this,
+          resetting = calledBy.resetSuite;
+
+      if (suite.running) {
+        event = Event('abort');
+        suite.emit(event);
+        if (!event.cancelled || resetting) {
+          // Avoid infinite recursion.
+          calledBy.abortSuite = true;
+          suite.reset();
+          delete calledBy.abortSuite;
+
+          if (!resetting) {
+            suite.aborted = true;
+            invoke(suite, 'abort');
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return suite;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a test to the benchmark suite.
+     *
+     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
+     * @param {string} name A name to identify the benchmark.
+     * @param {Function|string} fn The test to benchmark.
+     * @param {Object} [options={}] Options object.
+     * @returns {Object} The suite instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // basic usage
+     * suite.add(fn);
+     *
+     * // or using a name first
+     * suite.add('foo', fn);
+     *
+     * // or with options
+     * suite.add('foo', fn, {
+     *   'onCycle': onCycle,
+     *   'onComplete': onComplete
+     * });
+     *
+     * // or name and options
+     * suite.add('foo', {
+     *   'fn': fn,
+     *   'onCycle': onCycle,
+     *   'onComplete': onComplete
+     * });
+     *
+     * // or options only
+     * suite.add({
+     *   'name': 'foo',
+     *   'fn': fn,
+     *   'onCycle': onCycle,
+     *   'onComplete': onComplete
+     * });
+     */
+    function add(name, fn, options) {
+      var suite = this,
+          bench = new Benchmark(name, fn, options),
+          event = Event({ 'type': 'add', 'target': bench });
+
+      if (suite.emit(event), !event.cancelled) {
+        suite.push(bench);
+      }
+      return suite;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new suite with cloned benchmarks.
+     *
+     * @name clone
+     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
+     * @param {Object} options Options object to overwrite cloned options.
+     * @returns {Object} The new suite instance.
+     */
+    function cloneSuite(options) {
+      var suite = this,
+          result = new suite.constructor(_.assign({}, suite.options, options));
+
+      // Copy own properties.
+      _.forOwn(suite, function(value, key) {
+        if (!_.has(result, key)) {
+          result[key] = value && _.isFunction(value.clone)
+            ? value.clone()
+            : cloneDeep(value);
+        }
+      });
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * An `Array#filter` like method.
+     *
+     * @name filter
+     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
+     * @param {Function|string} callback The function/alias called per iteration.
+     * @returns {Object} A new suite of benchmarks that passed callback filter.
+     */
+    function filterSuite(callback) {
+      var suite = this,
+          result = new suite.constructor(suite.options);
+
+      result.push.apply(result, filter(suite, callback));
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resets all benchmarks in the suite.
+     *
+     * @name reset
+     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
+     * @returns {Object} The suite instance.
+     */
+    function resetSuite() {
+      var event,
+          suite = this,
+          aborting = calledBy.abortSuite;
+
+      if (suite.running && !aborting) {
+        // No worries, `resetSuite()` is called within `abortSuite()`.
+        calledBy.resetSuite = true;
+        suite.abort();
+        delete calledBy.resetSuite;
+      }
+      // Reset if the state has changed.
+      else if ((suite.aborted || suite.running) &&
+          (suite.emit(event = Event('reset')), !event.cancelled)) {
+        suite.aborted = suite.running = false;
+        if (!aborting) {
+          invoke(suite, 'reset');
+        }
+      }
+      return suite;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Runs the suite.
+     *
+     * @name run
+     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
+     * @param {Object} [options={}] Options object.
+     * @returns {Object} The suite instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // basic usage
+     * suite.run();
+     *
+     * // or with options
+     * suite.run({ 'async': true, 'queued': true });
+     */
+    function runSuite(options) {
+      var suite = this;
+
+      suite.reset();
+      suite.running = true;
+      options || (options = {});
+
+      invoke(suite, {
+        'name': 'run',
+        'args': options,
+        'queued': options.queued,
+        'onStart': function(event) {
+          suite.emit(event);
+        },
+        'onCycle': function(event) {
+          var bench = event.target;
+          if (bench.error) {
+            suite.emit({ 'type': 'error', 'target': bench });
+          }
+          suite.emit(event);
+          event.aborted = suite.aborted;
+        },
+        'onComplete': function(event) {
+          suite.running = false;
+          suite.emit(event);
+        }
+      });
+      return suite;
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Executes all registered listeners of the specified event type.
+     *
+     * @memberOf Benchmark, Benchmark.Suite
+     * @param {Object|string} type The event type or object.
+     * @param {...*} [args] Arguments to invoke the listener with.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the return value of the last listener executed.
+     */
+    function emit(type) {
+      var listeners,
+          object = this,
+          event = Event(type),
+          events = object.events,
+          args = (arguments[0] = event, arguments);
+
+      event.currentTarget || (event.currentTarget = object);
+      event.target || (event.target = object);
+      delete event.result;
+
+      if (events && (listeners = _.has(events, event.type) && events[event.type])) {
+        _.each(listeners.slice(), function(listener) {
+          if ((event.result = listener.apply(object, args)) === false) {
+            event.cancelled = true;
+          }
+          return !event.aborted;
+        });
+      }
+      return event.result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of event listeners for a given type that can be manipulated
+     * to add or remove listeners.
+     *
+     * @memberOf Benchmark, Benchmark.Suite
+     * @param {string} type The event type.
+     * @returns {Array} The listeners array.
+     */
+    function listeners(type) {
+      var object = this,
+          events = object.events || (object.events = {});
+
+      return _.has(events, type) ? events[type] : (events[type] = []);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters a listener for the specified event type(s),
+     * or unregisters all listeners for the specified event type(s),
+     * or unregisters all listeners for all event types.
+     *
+     * @memberOf Benchmark, Benchmark.Suite
+     * @param {string} [type] The event type.
+     * @param {Function} [listener] The function to unregister.
+     * @returns {Object} The current instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // unregister a listener for an event type
+     * bench.off('cycle', listener);
+     *
+     * // unregister a listener for multiple event types
+     * bench.off('start cycle', listener);
+     *
+     * // unregister all listeners for an event type
+     * bench.off('cycle');
+     *
+     * // unregister all listeners for multiple event types
+     * bench.off('start cycle complete');
+     *
+     * // unregister all listeners for all event types
+     * bench.off();
+     */
+    function off(type, listener) {
+      var object = this,
+          events = object.events;
+
+      if (!events) {
+        return object;
+      }
+      _.each(type ? type.split(' ') : events, function(listeners, type) {
+        var index;
+        if (typeof listeners == 'string') {
+          type = listeners;
+          listeners = _.has(events, type) && events[type];
+        }
+        if (listeners) {
+          if (listener) {
+            index = _.indexOf(listeners, listener);
+            if (index > -1) {
+              listeners.splice(index, 1);
+            }
+          } else {
+            listeners.length = 0;
+          }
+        }
+      });
+      return object;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a listener for the specified event type(s).
+     *
+     * @memberOf Benchmark, Benchmark.Suite
+     * @param {string} type The event type.
+     * @param {Function} listener The function to register.
+     * @returns {Object} The current instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // register a listener for an event type
+     * bench.on('cycle', listener);
+     *
+     * // register a listener for multiple event types
+     * bench.on('start cycle', listener);
+     */
+    function on(type, listener) {
+      var object = this,
+          events = object.events || (object.events = {});
+
+      _.each(type.split(' '), function(type) {
+        (_.has(events, type)
+          ? events[type]
+          : (events[type] = [])
+        ).push(listener);
+      });
+      return object;
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Aborts the benchmark without recording times.
+     *
+     * @memberOf Benchmark
+     * @returns {Object} The benchmark instance.
+     */
+    function abort() {
+      var event,
+          bench = this,
+          resetting = calledBy.reset;
+
+      if (bench.running) {
+        event = Event('abort');
+        bench.emit(event);
+        if (!event.cancelled || resetting) {
+          // Avoid infinite recursion.
+          calledBy.abort = true;
+          bench.reset();
+          delete calledBy.abort;
+
+          if (support.timeout) {
+            clearTimeout(bench._timerId);
+            delete bench._timerId;
+          }
+          if (!resetting) {
+            bench.aborted = true;
+            bench.running = false;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return bench;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new benchmark using the same test and options.
+     *
+     * @memberOf Benchmark
+     * @param {Object} options Options object to overwrite cloned options.
+     * @returns {Object} The new benchmark instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var bizarro = bench.clone({
+     *   'name': 'doppelganger'
+     * });
+     */
+    function clone(options) {
+      var bench = this,
+          result = new bench.constructor(_.assign({}, bench, options));
+
+      // Correct the `options` object.
+      result.options = _.assign({}, cloneDeep(bench.options), cloneDeep(options));
+
+      // Copy own custom properties.
+      _.forOwn(bench, function(value, key) {
+        if (!_.has(result, key)) {
+          result[key] = cloneDeep(value);
+        }
+      });
+
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines if a benchmark is faster than another.
+     *
+     * @memberOf Benchmark
+     * @param {Object} other The benchmark to compare.
+     * @returns {number} Returns `-1` if slower, `1` if faster, and `0` if indeterminate.
+     */
+    function compare(other) {
+      var bench = this;
+
+      // Exit early if comparing the same benchmark.
+      if (bench == other) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+      var critical,
+          zStat,
+          sample1 = bench.stats.sample,
+          sample2 = other.stats.sample,
+          size1 = sample1.length,
+          size2 = sample2.length,
+          maxSize = max(size1, size2),
+          minSize = min(size1, size2),
+          u1 = getU(sample1, sample2),
+          u2 = getU(sample2, sample1),
+          u = min(u1, u2);
+
+      function getScore(xA, sampleB) {
+        return _.reduce(sampleB, function(total, xB) {
+          return total + (xB > xA ? 0 : xB < xA ? 1 : 0.5);
+        }, 0);
+      }
+
+      function getU(sampleA, sampleB) {
+        return _.reduce(sampleA, function(total, xA) {
+          return total + getScore(xA, sampleB);
+        }, 0);
+      }
+
+      function getZ(u) {
+        return (u - ((size1 * size2) / 2)) / sqrt((size1 * size2 * (size1 + size2 + 1)) / 12);
+      }
+      // Reject the null hypothesis the two samples come from the
+      // same population (i.e. have the same median) if...
+      if (size1 + size2 > 30) {
+        // ...the z-stat is greater than 1.96 or less than -1.96
+        // http://www.statisticslectures.com/topics/mannwhitneyu/
+        zStat = getZ(u);
+        return abs(zStat) > 1.96 ? (u == u1 ? 1 : -1) : 0;
+      }
+      // ...the U value is less than or equal the critical U value.
+      critical = maxSize < 5 || minSize < 3 ? 0 : uTable[maxSize][minSize - 3];
+      return u <= critical ? (u == u1 ? 1 : -1) : 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reset properties and abort if running.
+     *
+     * @memberOf Benchmark
+     * @returns {Object} The benchmark instance.
+     */
+    function reset() {
+      var bench = this;
+      if (bench.running && !calledBy.abort) {
+        // No worries, `reset()` is called within `abort()`.
+        calledBy.reset = true;
+        bench.abort();
+        delete calledBy.reset;
+        return bench;
+      }
+      var event,
+          index = 0,
+          changes = [],
+          queue = [];
+
+      // A non-recursive solution to check if properties have changed.
+      // For more information see http://www.jslab.dk/articles/non.recursive.preorder.traversal.part4.
+      var data = {
+        'destination': bench,
+        'source': _.assign({}, cloneDeep(bench.constructor.prototype), cloneDeep(bench.options))
+      };
+
+      do {
+        _.forOwn(data.source, function(value, key) {
+          var changed,
+              destination = data.destination,
+              currValue = destination[key];
+
+          // Skip pseudo private properties like `_timerId` which could be a
+          // Java object in environments like RingoJS.
+          if (key.charAt(0) == '_') {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (value && typeof value == 'object') {
+            if (_.isArray(value)) {
+              // Check if an array value has changed to a non-array value.
+              if (!_.isArray(currValue)) {
+                changed = currValue = [];
+              }
+              // Check if an array has changed its length.
+              if (currValue.length != value.length) {
+                changed = currValue = currValue.slice(0, value.length);
+                currValue.length = value.length;
+              }
+            }
+            // Check if an object has changed to a non-object value.
+            else if (!currValue || typeof currValue != 'object') {
+              changed = currValue = {};
+            }
+            // Register a changed object.
+            if (changed) {
+              changes.push({ 'destination': destination, 'key': key, 'value': currValue });
+            }
+            queue.push({ 'destination': currValue, 'source': value });
+          }
+          // Register a changed primitive.
+          else if (value !== currValue && !(value == null || _.isFunction(value))) {
+            changes.push({ 'destination': destination, 'key': key, 'value': value });
+          }
+        });
+      }
+      while ((data = queue[index++]));
+
+      // If changed emit the `reset` event and if it isn't cancelled reset the benchmark.
+      if (changes.length && (bench.emit(event = Event('reset')), !event.cancelled)) {
+        _.each(changes, function(data) {
+          data.destination[data.key] = data.value;
+        });
+      }
+      return bench;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Displays relevant benchmark information when coerced to a string.
+     *
+     * @name toString
+     * @memberOf Benchmark
+     * @returns {string} A string representation of the benchmark instance.
+     */
+    function toStringBench() {
+      var bench = this,
+          error = bench.error,
+          hz = bench.hz,
+          id = bench.id,
+          stats = bench.stats,
+          size = stats.sample.length,
+          pm = '\xb1',
+          result = bench.name || (_.isNaN(id) ? id : '<Test #' + id + '>');
+
+      if (error) {
+        result += ': ' + join(error);
+      } else {
+        result += ' x ' + formatNumber(hz.toFixed(hz < 100 ? 2 : 0)) + ' ops/sec ' + pm +
+          stats.rme.toFixed(2) + '% (' + size + ' run' + (size == 1 ? '' : 's') + ' sampled)';
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Clocks the time taken to execute a test per cycle (secs).
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} bench The benchmark instance.
+     * @returns {number} The time taken.
+     */
+    function clock() {
+      var options = Benchmark.options,
+          templateData = {},
+          timers = [{ 'ns': timer.ns, 'res': max(0.0015, getRes('ms')), 'unit': 'ms' }];
+
+      // Lazy define for hi-res timers.
+      clock = function(clone) {
+        var deferred;
+
+        if (clone instanceof Deferred) {
+          deferred = clone;
+          clone = deferred.benchmark;
+        }
+        var bench = clone._original,
+            stringable = isStringable(bench.fn),
+            count = bench.count = clone.count,
+            decompilable = stringable || (support.decompilation && (clone.setup !== _.noop || clone.teardown !== _.noop)),
+            id = bench.id,
+            name = bench.name || (typeof id == 'number' ? '<Test #' + id + '>' : id),
+            result = 0;
+
+        // Init `minTime` if needed.
+        clone.minTime = bench.minTime || (bench.minTime = bench.options.minTime = options.minTime);
+
+        // Compile in setup/teardown functions and the test loop.
+        // Create a new compiled test, instead of using the cached `bench.compiled`,
+        // to avoid potential engine optimizations enabled over the life of the test.
+        var funcBody = deferred
+          ? 'var d#=this,${fnArg}=d#,m#=d#.benchmark._original,f#=m#.fn,su#=m#.setup,td#=m#.teardown;' +
+            // When `deferred.cycles` is `0` then...
+            'if(!d#.cycles){' +
+            // set `deferred.fn`,
+            'd#.fn=function(){var ${fnArg}=d#;if(typeof f#=="function"){try{${fn}\n}catch(e#){f#(d#)}}else{${fn}\n}};' +
+            // set `deferred.teardown`,
+            'd#.teardown=function(){d#.cycles=0;if(typeof td#=="function"){try{${teardown}\n}catch(e#){td#()}}else{${teardown}\n}};' +
+            // execute the benchmark's `setup`,
+            'if(typeof su#=="function"){try{${setup}\n}catch(e#){su#()}}else{${setup}\n};' +
+            // start timer,
+            't#.start(d#);' +
+            // and then execute `deferred.fn` and return a dummy object.
+            '}d#.fn();return{uid:"${uid}"}'
+
+          : 'var r#,s#,m#=this,f#=m#.fn,i#=m#.count,n#=t#.ns;${setup}\n${begin};' +
+            'while(i#--){${fn}\n}${end};${teardown}\nreturn{elapsed:r#,uid:"${uid}"}';
+
+        var compiled = bench.compiled = clone.compiled = createCompiled(bench, decompilable, deferred, funcBody),
+            isEmpty = !(templateData.fn || stringable);
+
+        try {
+          if (isEmpty) {
+            // Firefox may remove dead code from `Function#toString` results.
+            // For more information see http://bugzil.la/536085.
+            throw new Error('The test "' + name + '" is empty. This may be the result of dead code removal.');
+          }
+          else if (!deferred) {
+            // Pretest to determine if compiled code exits early, usually by a
+            // rogue `return` statement, by checking for a return object with the uid.
+            bench.count = 1;
+            compiled = decompilable && (compiled.call(bench, context, timer) || {}).uid == templateData.uid && compiled;
+            bench.count = count;
+          }
+        } catch(e) {
+          compiled = null;
+          clone.error = e || new Error(String(e));
+          bench.count = count;
+        }
+        // Fallback when a test exits early or errors during pretest.
+        if (!compiled && !deferred && !isEmpty) {
+          funcBody = (
+            stringable || (decompilable && !clone.error)
+              ? 'function f#(){${fn}\n}var r#,s#,m#=this,i#=m#.count'
+              : 'var r#,s#,m#=this,f#=m#.fn,i#=m#.count'
+            ) +
+            ',n#=t#.ns;${setup}\n${begin};m#.f#=f#;while(i#--){m#.f#()}${end};' +
+            'delete m#.f#;${teardown}\nreturn{elapsed:r#}';
+
+          compiled = createCompiled(bench, decompilable, deferred, funcBody);
+
+          try {
+            // Pretest one more time to check for errors.
+            bench.count = 1;
+            compiled.call(bench, context, timer);
+            bench.count = count;
+            delete clone.error;
+          }
+          catch(e) {
+            bench.count = count;
+            if (!clone.error) {
+              clone.error = e || new Error(String(e));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        // If no errors run the full test loop.
+        if (!clone.error) {
+          compiled = bench.compiled = clone.compiled = createCompiled(bench, decompilable, deferred, funcBody);
+          result = compiled.call(deferred || bench, context, timer).elapsed;
+        }
+        return result;
+      };
+
+      /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+      /**
+       * Creates a compiled function from the given function `body`.
+       */
+      function createCompiled(bench, decompilable, deferred, body) {
+        var fn = bench.fn,
+            fnArg = deferred ? getFirstArgument(fn) || 'deferred' : '';
+
+        templateData.uid = uid + uidCounter++;
+
+        _.assign(templateData, {
+          'setup': decompilable ? getSource(bench.setup) : interpolate('m#.setup()'),
+          'fn': decompilable ? getSource(fn) : interpolate('m#.fn(' + fnArg + ')'),
+          'fnArg': fnArg,
+          'teardown': decompilable ? getSource(bench.teardown) : interpolate('m#.teardown()')
+        });
+
+        // Use API of chosen timer.
+        if (timer.unit == 'ns') {
+          _.assign(templateData, {
+            'begin': interpolate('s#=n#()'),
+            'end': interpolate('r#=n#(s#);r#=r#[0]+(r#[1]/1e9)')
+          });
+        }
+        else if (timer.unit == 'us') {
+          if (timer.ns.stop) {
+            _.assign(templateData, {
+              'begin': interpolate('s#=n#.start()'),
+              'end': interpolate('r#=n#.microseconds()/1e6')
+            });
+          } else {
+            _.assign(templateData, {
+              'begin': interpolate('s#=n#()'),
+              'end': interpolate('r#=(n#()-s#)/1e6')
+            });
+          }
+        }
+        else if (timer.ns.now) {
+          _.assign(templateData, {
+            'begin': interpolate('s#=n#.now()'),
+            'end': interpolate('r#=(n#.now()-s#)/1e3')
+          });
+        }
+        else {
+          _.assign(templateData, {
+            'begin': interpolate('s#=new n#().getTime()'),
+            'end': interpolate('r#=(new n#().getTime()-s#)/1e3')
+          });
+        }
+        // Define `timer` methods.
+        timer.start = createFunction(
+          interpolate('o#'),
+          interpolate('var n#=this.ns,${begin};o#.elapsed=0;o#.timeStamp=s#')
+        );
+
+        timer.stop = createFunction(
+          interpolate('o#'),
+          interpolate('var n#=this.ns,s#=o#.timeStamp,${end};o#.elapsed=r#')
+        );
+
+        // Create compiled test.
+        return createFunction(
+          interpolate('window,t#'),
+          'var global = window, clearTimeout = global.clearTimeout, setTimeout = global.setTimeout;\n' +
+          interpolate(body)
+        );
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Gets the current timer's minimum resolution (secs).
+       */
+      function getRes(unit) {
+        var measured,
+            begin,
+            count = 30,
+            divisor = 1e3,
+            ns = timer.ns,
+            sample = [];
+
+        // Get average smallest measurable time.
+        while (count--) {
+          if (unit == 'us') {
+            divisor = 1e6;
+            if (ns.stop) {
+              ns.start();
+              while (!(measured = ns.microseconds())) {}
+            } else {
+              begin = ns();
+              while (!(measured = ns() - begin)) {}
+            }
+          }
+          else if (unit == 'ns') {
+            divisor = 1e9;
+            begin = (begin = ns())[0] + (begin[1] / divisor);
+            while (!(measured = ((measured = ns())[0] + (measured[1] / divisor)) - begin)) {}
+            divisor = 1;
+          }
+          else if (ns.now) {
+            begin = ns.now();
+            while (!(measured = ns.now() - begin)) {}
+          }
+          else {
+            begin = new ns().getTime();
+            while (!(measured = new ns().getTime() - begin)) {}
+          }
+          // Check for broken timers.
+          if (measured > 0) {
+            sample.push(measured);
+          } else {
+            sample.push(Infinity);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        // Convert to seconds.
+        return getMean(sample) / divisor;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Interpolates a given template string.
+       */
+      function interpolate(string) {
+        // Replaces all occurrences of `#` with a unique number and template tokens with content.
+        return _.template(string.replace(/\#/g, /\d+/.exec(templateData.uid)))(templateData);
+      }
+
+      /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+      // Detect Chrome's microsecond timer:
+      // enable benchmarking via the --enable-benchmarking command
+      // line switch in at least Chrome 7 to use chrome.Interval
+      try {
+        if ((timer.ns = new (context.chrome || context.chromium).Interval)) {
+          timers.push({ 'ns': timer.ns, 'res': getRes('us'), 'unit': 'us' });
+        }
+      } catch(e) {}
+
+      // Detect Node.js's nanosecond resolution timer available in Node.js >= 0.8.
+      if (processObject && typeof (timer.ns = processObject.hrtime) == 'function') {
+        timers.push({ 'ns': timer.ns, 'res': getRes('ns'), 'unit': 'ns' });
+      }
+      // Detect Wade Simmons' Node.js `microtime` module.
+      if (microtimeObject && typeof (timer.ns = microtimeObject.now) == 'function') {
+        timers.push({ 'ns': timer.ns,  'res': getRes('us'), 'unit': 'us' });
+      }
+      // Pick timer with highest resolution.
+      timer = _.minBy(timers, 'res');
+
+      // Error if there are no working timers.
+      if (timer.res == Infinity) {
+        throw new Error('Benchmark.js was unable to find a working timer.');
+      }
+      // Resolve time span required to achieve a percent uncertainty of at most 1%.
+      // For more information see http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys273/uncert/uncert.html.
+      options.minTime || (options.minTime = max(timer.res / 2 / 0.01, 0.05));
+      return clock.apply(null, arguments);
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Computes stats on benchmark results.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} bench The benchmark instance.
+     * @param {Object} options The options object.
+     */
+    function compute(bench, options) {
+      options || (options = {});
+
+      var async = options.async,
+          elapsed = 0,
+          initCount = bench.initCount,
+          minSamples = bench.minSamples,
+          queue = [],
+          sample = bench.stats.sample;
+
+      /**
+       * Adds a clone to the queue.
+       */
+      function enqueue() {
+        queue.push(bench.clone({
+          '_original': bench,
+          'events': {
+            'abort': [update],
+            'cycle': [update],
+            'error': [update],
+            'start': [update]
+          }
+        }));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Updates the clone/original benchmarks to keep their data in sync.
+       */
+      function update(event) {
+        var clone = this,
+            type = event.type;
+
+        if (bench.running) {
+          if (type == 'start') {
+            // Note: `clone.minTime` prop is inited in `clock()`.
+            clone.count = bench.initCount;
+          }
+          else {
+            if (type == 'error') {
+              bench.error = clone.error;
+            }
+            if (type == 'abort') {
+              bench.abort();
+              bench.emit('cycle');
+            } else {
+              event.currentTarget = event.target = bench;
+              bench.emit(event);
+            }
+          }
+        } else if (bench.aborted) {
+          // Clear abort listeners to avoid triggering bench's abort/cycle again.
+          clone.events.abort.length = 0;
+          clone.abort();
+        }
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Determines if more clones should be queued or if cycling should stop.
+       */
+      function evaluate(event) {
+        var critical,
+            df,
+            mean,
+            moe,
+            rme,
+            sd,
+            sem,
+            variance,
+            clone = event.target,
+            done = bench.aborted,
+            now = _.now(),
+            size = sample.push(clone.times.period),
+            maxedOut = size >= minSamples && (elapsed += now - clone.times.timeStamp) / 1e3 > bench.maxTime,
+            times = bench.times,
+            varOf = function(sum, x) { return sum + pow(x - mean, 2); };
+
+        // Exit early for aborted or unclockable tests.
+        if (done || clone.hz == Infinity) {
+          maxedOut = !(size = sample.length = queue.length = 0);
+        }
+
+        if (!done) {
+          // Compute the sample mean (estimate of the population mean).
+          mean = getMean(sample);
+          // Compute the sample variance (estimate of the population variance).
+          variance = _.reduce(sample, varOf, 0) / (size - 1) || 0;
+          // Compute the sample standard deviation (estimate of the population standard deviation).
+          sd = sqrt(variance);
+          // Compute the standard error of the mean (a.k.a. the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean).
+          sem = sd / sqrt(size);
+          // Compute the degrees of freedom.
+          df = size - 1;
+          // Compute the critical value.
+          critical = tTable[Math.round(df) || 1] || tTable.infinity;
+          // Compute the margin of error.
+          moe = sem * critical;
+          // Compute the relative margin of error.
+          rme = (moe / mean) * 100 || 0;
+
+          _.assign(bench.stats, {
+            'deviation': sd,
+            'mean': mean,
+            'moe': moe,
+            'rme': rme,
+            'sem': sem,
+            'variance': variance
+          });
+
+          // Abort the cycle loop when the minimum sample size has been collected
+          // and the elapsed time exceeds the maximum time allowed per benchmark.
+          // We don't count cycle delays toward the max time because delays may be
+          // increased by browsers that clamp timeouts for inactive tabs. For more
+          // information see https://developer.mozilla.org/en/window.setTimeout#Inactive_tabs.
+          if (maxedOut) {
+            // Reset the `initCount` in case the benchmark is rerun.
+            bench.initCount = initCount;
+            bench.running = false;
+            done = true;
+            times.elapsed = (now - times.timeStamp) / 1e3;
+          }
+          if (bench.hz != Infinity) {
+            bench.hz = 1 / mean;
+            times.cycle = mean * bench.count;
+            times.period = mean;
+          }
+        }
+        // If time permits, increase sample size to reduce the margin of error.
+        if (queue.length < 2 && !maxedOut) {
+          enqueue();
+        }
+        // Abort the `invoke` cycle when done.
+        event.aborted = done;
+      }
+
+      // Init queue and begin.
+      enqueue();
+      invoke(queue, {
+        'name': 'run',
+        'args': { 'async': async },
+        'queued': true,
+        'onCycle': evaluate,
+        'onComplete': function() { bench.emit('complete'); }
+      });
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Cycles a benchmark until a run `count` can be established.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} clone The cloned benchmark instance.
+     * @param {Object} options The options object.
+     */
+    function cycle(clone, options) {
+      options || (options = {});
+
+      var deferred;
+      if (clone instanceof Deferred) {
+        deferred = clone;
+        clone = clone.benchmark;
+      }
+      var clocked,
+          cycles,
+          divisor,
+          event,
+          minTime,
+          period,
+          async = options.async,
+          bench = clone._original,
+          count = clone.count,
+          times = clone.times;
+
+      // Continue, if not aborted between cycles.
+      if (clone.running) {
+        // `minTime` is set to `Benchmark.options.minTime` in `clock()`.
+        cycles = ++clone.cycles;
+        clocked = deferred ? deferred.elapsed : clock(clone);
+        minTime = clone.minTime;
+
+        if (cycles > bench.cycles) {
+          bench.cycles = cycles;
+        }
+        if (clone.error) {
+          event = Event('error');
+          event.message = clone.error;
+          clone.emit(event);
+          if (!event.cancelled) {
+            clone.abort();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      // Continue, if not errored.
+      if (clone.running) {
+        // Compute the time taken to complete last test cycle.
+        bench.times.cycle = times.cycle = clocked;
+        // Compute the seconds per operation.
+        period = bench.times.period = times.period = clocked / count;
+        // Compute the ops per second.
+        bench.hz = clone.hz = 1 / period;
+        // Avoid working our way up to this next time.
+        bench.initCount = clone.initCount = count;
+        // Do we need to do another cycle?
+        clone.running = clocked < minTime;
+
+        if (clone.running) {
+          // Tests may clock at `0` when `initCount` is a small number,
+          // to avoid that we set its count to something a bit higher.
+          if (!clocked && (divisor = divisors[clone.cycles]) != null) {
+            count = floor(4e6 / divisor);
+          }
+          // Calculate how many more iterations it will take to achieve the `minTime`.
+          if (count <= clone.count) {
+            count += Math.ceil((minTime - clocked) / period);
+          }
+          clone.running = count != Infinity;
+        }
+      }
+      // Should we exit early?
+      event = Event('cycle');
+      clone.emit(event);
+      if (event.aborted) {
+        clone.abort();
+      }
+      // Figure out what to do next.
+      if (clone.running) {
+        // Start a new cycle.
+        clone.count = count;
+        if (deferred) {
+          clone.compiled.call(deferred, context, timer);
+        } else if (async) {
+          delay(clone, function() { cycle(clone, options); });
+        } else {
+          cycle(clone);
+        }
+      }
+      else {
+        // Fix TraceMonkey bug associated with clock fallbacks.
+        // For more information see http://bugzil.la/509069.
+        if (support.browser) {
+          runScript(uid + '=1;delete ' + uid);
+        }
+        // We're done.
+        clone.emit('complete');
+      }
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Runs the benchmark.
+     *
+     * @memberOf Benchmark
+     * @param {Object} [options={}] Options object.
+     * @returns {Object} The benchmark instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // basic usage
+     * bench.run();
+     *
+     * // or with options
+     * bench.run({ 'async': true });
+     */
+    function run(options) {
+      var bench = this,
+          event = Event('start');
+
+      // Set `running` to `false` so `reset()` won't call `abort()`.
+      bench.running = false;
+      bench.reset();
+      bench.running = true;
+
+      bench.count = bench.initCount;
+      bench.times.timeStamp = _.now();
+      bench.emit(event);
+
+      if (!event.cancelled) {
+        options = { 'async': ((options = options && options.async) == null ? bench.async : options) && support.timeout };
+
+        // For clones created within `compute()`.
+        if (bench._original) {
+          if (bench.defer) {
+            Deferred(bench);
+          } else {
+            cycle(bench, options);
+          }
+        }
+        // For original benchmarks.
+        else {
+          compute(bench, options);
+        }
+      }
+      return bench;
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    // Firefox 1 erroneously defines variable and argument names of functions on
+    // the function itself as non-configurable properties with `undefined` values.
+    // The bugginess continues as the `Benchmark` constructor has an argument
+    // named `options` and Firefox 1 will not assign a value to `Benchmark.options`,
+    // making it non-writable in the process, unless it is the first property
+    // assigned by for-in loop of `_.assign()`.
+    _.assign(Benchmark, {
+
+      /**
+       * The default options copied by benchmark instances.
+       *
+       * @static
+       * @memberOf Benchmark
+       * @type Object
+       */
+      'options': {
+
+        /**
+         * A flag to indicate that benchmark cycles will execute asynchronously
+         * by default.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark.options
+         * @type boolean
+         */
+        'async': false,
+
+        /**
+         * A flag to indicate that the benchmark clock is deferred.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark.options
+         * @type boolean
+         */
+        'defer': false,
+
+        /**
+         * The delay between test cycles (secs).
+         * @memberOf Benchmark.options
+         * @type number
+         */
+        'delay': 0.005,
+
+        /**
+         * Displayed by `Benchmark#toString` when a `name` is not available
+         * (auto-generated if absent).
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark.options
+         * @type string
+         */
+        'id': undefined,
+
+        /**
+         * The default number of times to execute a test on a benchmark's first cycle.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark.options
+         * @type number
+         */
+        'initCount': 1,
+
+        /**
+         * The maximum time a benchmark is allowed to run before finishing (secs).
+         *
+         * Note: Cycle delays aren't counted toward the maximum time.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark.options
+         * @type number
+         */
+        'maxTime': 5,
+
+        /**
+         * The minimum sample size required to perform statistical analysis.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark.options
+         * @type number
+         */
+        'minSamples': 5,
+
+        /**
+         * The time needed to reduce the percent uncertainty of measurement to 1% (secs).
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark.options
+         * @type number
+         */
+        'minTime': 0,
+
+        /**
+         * The name of the benchmark.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark.options
+         * @type string
+         */
+        'name': undefined,
+
+        /**
+         * An event listener called when the benchmark is aborted.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark.options
+         * @type Function
+         */
+        'onAbort': undefined,
+
+        /**
+         * An event listener called when the benchmark completes running.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark.options
+         * @type Function
+         */
+        'onComplete': undefined,
+
+        /**
+         * An event listener called after each run cycle.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark.options
+         * @type Function
+         */
+        'onCycle': undefined,
+
+        /**
+         * An event listener called when a test errors.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark.options
+         * @type Function
+         */
+        'onError': undefined,
+
+        /**
+         * An event listener called when the benchmark is reset.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark.options
+         * @type Function
+         */
+        'onReset': undefined,
+
+        /**
+         * An event listener called when the benchmark starts running.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark.options
+         * @type Function
+         */
+        'onStart': undefined
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * Platform object with properties describing things like browser name,
+       * version, and operating system. See [`platform.js`](https://mths.be/platform).
+       *
+       * @static
+       * @memberOf Benchmark
+       * @type Object
+       */
+      'platform': context.platform || require('platform') || ({
+        'description': context.navigator && context.navigator.userAgent || null,
+        'layout': null,
+        'product': null,
+        'name': null,
+        'manufacturer': null,
+        'os': null,
+        'prerelease': null,
+        'version': null,
+        'toString': function() {
+          return this.description || '';
+        }
+      }),
+
+      /**
+       * The semantic version number.
+       *
+       * @static
+       * @memberOf Benchmark
+       * @type string
+       */
+      'version': '2.1.1'
+    });
+
+    _.assign(Benchmark, {
+      'filter': filter,
+      'formatNumber': formatNumber,
+      'invoke': invoke,
+      'join': join,
+      'runInContext': runInContext,
+      'support': support
+    });
+
+    // Add lodash methods to Benchmark.
+    _.each(['each', 'forEach', 'forOwn', 'has', 'indexOf', 'map', 'reduce'], function(methodName) {
+      Benchmark[methodName] = _[methodName];
+    });
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    _.assign(Benchmark.prototype, {
+
+      /**
+       * The number of times a test was executed.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark
+       * @type number
+       */
+      'count': 0,
+
+      /**
+       * The number of cycles performed while benchmarking.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark
+       * @type number
+       */
+      'cycles': 0,
+
+      /**
+       * The number of executions per second.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark
+       * @type number
+       */
+      'hz': 0,
+
+      /**
+       * The compiled test function.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark
+       * @type {Function|string}
+       */
+      'compiled': undefined,
+
+      /**
+       * The error object if the test failed.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark
+       * @type Object
+       */
+      'error': undefined,
+
+      /**
+       * The test to benchmark.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark
+       * @type {Function|string}
+       */
+      'fn': undefined,
+
+      /**
+       * A flag to indicate if the benchmark is aborted.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark
+       * @type boolean
+       */
+      'aborted': false,
+
+      /**
+       * A flag to indicate if the benchmark is running.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark
+       * @type boolean
+       */
+      'running': false,
+
+      /**
+       * Compiled into the test and executed immediately **before** the test loop.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark
+       * @type {Function|string}
+       * @example
+       *
+       * // basic usage
+       * var bench = Benchmark({
+       *   'setup': function() {
+       *     var c = this.count,
+       *         element = document.getElementById('container');
+       *     while (c--) {
+       *       element.appendChild(document.createElement('div'));
+       *     }
+       *   },
+       *   'fn': function() {
+       *     element.removeChild(element.lastChild);
+       *   }
+       * });
+       *
+       * // compiles to something like:
+       * var c = this.count,
+       *     element = document.getElementById('container');
+       * while (c--) {
+       *   element.appendChild(document.createElement('div'));
+       * }
+       * var start = new Date;
+       * while (count--) {
+       *   element.removeChild(element.lastChild);
+       * }
+       * var end = new Date - start;
+       *
+       * // or using strings
+       * var bench = Benchmark({
+       *   'setup': '\
+       *     var a = 0;\n\
+       *     (function() {\n\
+       *       (function() {\n\
+       *         (function() {',
+       *   'fn': 'a += 1;',
+       *   'teardown': '\
+       *          }())\n\
+       *        }())\n\
+       *      }())'
+       * });
+       *
+       * // compiles to something like:
+       * var a = 0;
+       * (function() {
+       *   (function() {
+       *     (function() {
+       *       var start = new Date;
+       *       while (count--) {
+       *         a += 1;
+       *       }
+       *       var end = new Date - start;
+       *     }())
+       *   }())
+       * }())
+       */
+      'setup': _.noop,
+
+      /**
+       * Compiled into the test and executed immediately **after** the test loop.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark
+       * @type {Function|string}
+       */
+      'teardown': _.noop,
+
+      /**
+       * An object of stats including mean, margin or error, and standard deviation.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark
+       * @type Object
+       */
+      'stats': {
+
+        /**
+         * The margin of error.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark#stats
+         * @type number
+         */
+        'moe': 0,
+
+        /**
+         * The relative margin of error (expressed as a percentage of the mean).
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark#stats
+         * @type number
+         */
+        'rme': 0,
+
+        /**
+         * The standard error of the mean.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark#stats
+         * @type number
+         */
+        'sem': 0,
+
+        /**
+         * The sample standard deviation.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark#stats
+         * @type number
+         */
+        'deviation': 0,
+
+        /**
+         * The sample arithmetic mean (secs).
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark#stats
+         * @type number
+         */
+        'mean': 0,
+
+        /**
+         * The array of sampled periods.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark#stats
+         * @type Array
+         */
+        'sample': [],
+
+        /**
+         * The sample variance.
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark#stats
+         * @type number
+         */
+        'variance': 0
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * An object of timing data including cycle, elapsed, period, start, and stop.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark
+       * @type Object
+       */
+      'times': {
+
+        /**
+         * The time taken to complete the last cycle (secs).
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark#times
+         * @type number
+         */
+        'cycle': 0,
+
+        /**
+         * The time taken to complete the benchmark (secs).
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark#times
+         * @type number
+         */
+        'elapsed': 0,
+
+        /**
+         * The time taken to execute the test once (secs).
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark#times
+         * @type number
+         */
+        'period': 0,
+
+        /**
+         * A timestamp of when the benchmark started (ms).
+         *
+         * @memberOf Benchmark#times
+         * @type number
+         */
+        'timeStamp': 0
+      }
+    });
+
+    _.assign(Benchmark.prototype, {
+      'abort': abort,
+      'clone': clone,
+      'compare': compare,
+      'emit': emit,
+      'listeners': listeners,
+      'off': off,
+      'on': on,
+      'reset': reset,
+      'run': run,
+      'toString': toStringBench
+    });
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    _.assign(Deferred.prototype, {
+
+      /**
+       * The deferred benchmark instance.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.Deferred
+       * @type Object
+       */
+      'benchmark': null,
+
+      /**
+       * The number of deferred cycles performed while benchmarking.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.Deferred
+       * @type number
+       */
+      'cycles': 0,
+
+      /**
+       * The time taken to complete the deferred benchmark (secs).
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.Deferred
+       * @type number
+       */
+      'elapsed': 0,
+
+      /**
+       * A timestamp of when the deferred benchmark started (ms).
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.Deferred
+       * @type number
+       */
+      'timeStamp': 0
+    });
+
+    _.assign(Deferred.prototype, {
+      'resolve': resolve
+    });
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    _.assign(Event.prototype, {
+
+      /**
+       * A flag to indicate if the emitters listener iteration is aborted.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.Event
+       * @type boolean
+       */
+      'aborted': false,
+
+      /**
+       * A flag to indicate if the default action is cancelled.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.Event
+       * @type boolean
+       */
+      'cancelled': false,
+
+      /**
+       * The object whose listeners are currently being processed.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.Event
+       * @type Object
+       */
+      'currentTarget': undefined,
+
+      /**
+       * The return value of the last executed listener.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.Event
+       * @type Mixed
+       */
+      'result': undefined,
+
+      /**
+       * The object to which the event was originally emitted.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.Event
+       * @type Object
+       */
+      'target': undefined,
+
+      /**
+       * A timestamp of when the event was created (ms).
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.Event
+       * @type number
+       */
+      'timeStamp': 0,
+
+      /**
+       * The event type.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.Event
+       * @type string
+       */
+      'type': ''
+    });
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * The default options copied by suite instances.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
+     * @type Object
+     */
+    Suite.options = {
+
+      /**
+       * The name of the suite.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite.options
+       * @type string
+       */
+      'name': undefined
+    };
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    _.assign(Suite.prototype, {
+
+      /**
+       * The number of benchmarks in the suite.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
+       * @type number
+       */
+      'length': 0,
+
+      /**
+       * A flag to indicate if the suite is aborted.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
+       * @type boolean
+       */
+      'aborted': false,
+
+      /**
+       * A flag to indicate if the suite is running.
+       *
+       * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
+       * @type boolean
+       */
+      'running': false
+    });
+
+    _.assign(Suite.prototype, {
+      'abort': abortSuite,
+      'add': add,
+      'clone': cloneSuite,
+      'emit': emit,
+      'filter': filterSuite,
+      'join': arrayRef.join,
+      'listeners': listeners,
+      'off': off,
+      'on': on,
+      'pop': arrayRef.pop,
+      'push': push,
+      'reset': resetSuite,
+      'run': runSuite,
+      'reverse': arrayRef.reverse,
+      'shift': shift,
+      'slice': slice,
+      'sort': arrayRef.sort,
+      'splice': arrayRef.splice,
+      'unshift': unshift
+    });
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    // Expose Deferred, Event, and Suite.
+    _.assign(Benchmark, {
+      'Deferred': Deferred,
+      'Event': Event,
+      'Suite': Suite
+    });
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    // Add lodash methods as Suite methods.
+    _.each(['each', 'forEach', 'indexOf', 'map', 'reduce'], function(methodName) {
+      var func = _[methodName];
+      Suite.prototype[methodName] = function() {
+        var args = [this];
+        push.apply(args, arguments);
+        return func.apply(_, args);
+      };
+    });
+
+    // Avoid array-like object bugs with `Array#shift` and `Array#splice`
+    // in Firefox < 10 and IE < 9.
+    _.each(['pop', 'shift', 'splice'], function(methodName) {
+      var func = arrayRef[methodName];
+
+      Suite.prototype[methodName] = function() {
+        var value = this,
+            result = func.apply(value, arguments);
+
+        if (value.length === 0) {
+          delete value[0];
+        }
+        return result;
+      };
+    });
+
+    // Avoid buggy `Array#unshift` in IE < 8 which doesn't return the new
+    // length of the array.
+    Suite.prototype.unshift = function() {
+      var value = this;
+      unshift.apply(value, arguments);
+      return value.length;
+    };
+
+    return Benchmark;
+  }
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  // Export Benchmark.
+  // Some AMD build optimizers, like r.js, check for condition patterns like the following:
+  if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
+    // Define as an anonymous module so, through path mapping, it can be aliased.
+    define(['lodash', 'platform'], function(_, platform) {
+      return runInContext({
+        '_': _,
+        'platform': platform
+      });
+    });
+  }
+  else {
+    var Benchmark = runInContext();
+
+    // Check for `exports` after `define` in case a build optimizer adds an `exports` object.
+    if (freeExports && freeModule) {
+      // Export for Node.js.
+      if (moduleExports) {
+        (freeModule.exports = Benchmark).Benchmark = Benchmark;
+      }
+      // Export for CommonJS support.
+      freeExports.Benchmark = Benchmark;
+    }
+    else {
+      // Export to the global object.
+      root.Benchmark = Benchmark;
+    }
+  }
+}.call(this));
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/js/lib/immutable.min.js b/third_party/immer/extra/js/lib/immutable.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..18ffb77bb115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/js/lib/immutable.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ *  Copyright (c) 2014-2015, Facebook, Inc.
+ *  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+ *  LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
+ *  of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
+ */
+!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):t.Immutable=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function t(t,e){e&&(t.prototype=Object.create(e.prototype)),t.prototype.constructor=t}function e(t){return o(t)?t:O(t)}function r(t){return u(t)?t:x(t)}function n(t){return s(t)?t:k(t)}function i(t){return o(t)&&!a(t)?t:A(t)}function o(t){return!(!t||!t[ar])}function u(t){return!(!t||!t[hr])}function s(t){return!(!t||!t[fr])}function a(t){return u(t)||s(t)}function h(t){return!(!t||!t[cr])}function f(t){return t.value=!1,t}function c(t){t&&(t.value=!0)}function _(){}function p(t,e){e=e||0;for(var r=Math.max(0,t.length-e),n=Array(r),i=0;r>i;i++)n[i]=t[i+e];return n}function v(t){return void 0===t.size&&(t.size=t.__iterate(y)),t.size}function l(t,e){if("number"!=typeof e){var r=e>>>0;if(""+r!==e||4294967295===r)return NaN;e=r}return 0>e?v(t)+e:e}function y(){return!0}function d(t,e,r){return(0===t||void 0!==r&&-r>=t)&&(void 0===e||void 0!==r&&e>=r)}function m(t,e){return w(t,e,0)}function g(t,e){return w(t,e,e)}function w(t,e,r){return void 0===t?r:0>t?Math.max(0,e+t):void 0===e?t:Math.min(e,t)}function S(t){this.next=t}function z(t,e,r,n){var i=0===t?e:1===t?r:[e,r];return n?n.value=i:n={value:i,done:!1},n}function I(){return{value:void 0,done:!0}}function b(t){return!!M(t)}function q(t){return t&&"function"==typeof t.next}function D(t){var e=M(t);return e&&e.call(t)}function M(t){var e=t&&(zr&&t[zr]||t[Ir]);return"function"==typeof e?e:void 0}function E(t){return t&&"number"==typeof t.length}function O(t){return null===t||void 0===t?T():o(t)?t.toSeq():C(t)}function x(t){return null===t||void 0===t?T().toKeyedSeq():o(t)?u(t)?t.toSeq():t.fromEntrySeq():B(t)}function k(t){return null===t||void 0===t?T():o(t)?u(t)?t.entrySeq():t.toIndexedSeq():W(t)}function A(t){return(null===t||void 0===t?T():o(t)?u(t)?t.entrySeq():t:W(t)).toSetSeq()}function j(t){this._array=t,this.size=t.length}function R(t){var e=Object.keys(t);this._object=t,this._keys=e,
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+},takeWhile:function(t,e){return be(this,ve(this,t,e))},takeUntil:function(t,e){return this.takeWhile($e(t),e)},valueSeq:function(){return this.toIndexedSeq()},hashCode:function(){return this.__hash||(this.__hash=ir(this))}});var sn=e.prototype;sn[ar]=!0,sn[br]=sn.values,sn.__toJS=sn.toArray,sn.__toStringMapper=er,sn.inspect=sn.toSource=function(){return""+this},sn.chain=sn.flatMap,sn.contains=sn.includes,Fe(r,{flip:function(){return be(this,se(this))},mapEntries:function(t,e){var r=this,n=0;return be(this,this.toSeq().map(function(i,o){return t.call(e,[o,i],n++,r)}).fromEntrySeq())},mapKeys:function(t,e){var r=this;return be(this,this.toSeq().flip().map(function(n,i){return t.call(e,n,i,r)}).flip())}});var an=r.prototype;an[hr]=!0,an[br]=sn.entries,an.__toJS=sn.toObject,an.__toStringMapper=function(t,e){return JSON.stringify(e)+": "+er(t)},Fe(n,{toKeyedSeq:function(){return new ne(this,!1)},filter:function(t,e){return be(this,fe(this,t,e,!1))},findIndex:function(t,e){var r=this.findEntry(t,e);return r?r[0]:-1},indexOf:function(t){var e=this.keyOf(t);return void 0===e?-1:e},lastIndexOf:function(t){var e=this.lastKeyOf(t);return void 0===e?-1:e},reverse:function(){return be(this,he(this,!1))},slice:function(t,e){return be(this,pe(this,t,e,!1))},splice:function(t,e){var r=arguments.length;if(e=Math.max(0|e,0),0===r||2===r&&!e)return this;t=m(t,0>t?this.count():this.size);var n=this.slice(0,t);return be(this,1===r?n:n.concat(p(arguments,2),this.slice(t+e)))},findLastIndex:function(t,e){var r=this.findLastEntry(t,e);return r?r[0]:-1},first:function(){return this.get(0)},flatten:function(t){return be(this,de(this,t,!1))},get:function(t,e){return t=l(this,t),0>t||this.size===1/0||void 0!==this.size&&t>this.size?e:this.find(function(e,r){return r===t},void 0,e)},has:function(t){return t=l(this,t),t>=0&&(void 0!==this.size?this.size===1/0||this.size>t:-1!==this.indexOf(t))},interpose:function(t){return be(this,ge(this,t))},interleave:function(){var t=[this].concat(p(arguments)),e=Ie(this.toSeq(),k.of,t),r=e.flatten(!0);return e.size&&(r.size=e.size*t.length),
+be(this,r)},keySeq:function(){return $(0,this.size)},last:function(){return this.get(-1)},skipWhile:function(t,e){return be(this,le(this,t,e,!1))},zip:function(){var t=[this].concat(p(arguments));return be(this,Ie(this,rr,t))},zipWith:function(t){var e=p(arguments);return e[0]=this,be(this,Ie(this,t,e))}}),n.prototype[fr]=!0,n.prototype[cr]=!0,Fe(i,{get:function(t,e){return this.has(t)?t:e},includes:function(t){return this.has(t)},keySeq:function(){return this.valueSeq()}}),i.prototype.has=sn.includes,i.prototype.contains=i.prototype.includes,Fe(x,r.prototype),Fe(k,n.prototype),Fe(A,i.prototype),Fe(et,r.prototype),Fe(rt,n.prototype),Fe(nt,i.prototype);var hn={Iterable:e,Seq:O,Collection:tt,Map:ct,OrderedMap:Zt,List:Bt,Stack:Ve,Set:Le,OrderedSet:Je,Record:Ae,Range:$,Repeat:G,is:X,fromJS:H};return hn});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/js/lib/lodash.js b/third_party/immer/extra/js/lib/lodash.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..22e73749bda6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/js/lib/lodash.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16607 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * lodash <https://lodash.com/>
+ * Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors <https://jquery.org/>
+ * Released under MIT license <https://lodash.com/license>
+ * Based on Underscore.js 1.8.3 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
+ * Copyright Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+ */
+;(function() {
+
+  /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre-ES5 environments. */
+  var undefined;
+
+  /** Used as the semantic version number. */
+  var VERSION = '4.14.1';
+
+  /** Used as the size to enable large array optimizations. */
+  var LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE = 200;
+
+  /** Used as the `TypeError` message for "Functions" methods. */
+  var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';
+
+  /** Used to stand-in for `undefined` hash values. */
+  var HASH_UNDEFINED = '__lodash_hash_undefined__';
+
+  /** Used as the internal argument placeholder. */
+  var PLACEHOLDER = '__lodash_placeholder__';
+
+  /** Used to compose bitmasks for function metadata. */
+  var BIND_FLAG = 1,
+      BIND_KEY_FLAG = 2,
+      CURRY_BOUND_FLAG = 4,
+      CURRY_FLAG = 8,
+      CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG = 16,
+      PARTIAL_FLAG = 32,
+      PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG = 64,
+      ARY_FLAG = 128,
+      REARG_FLAG = 256,
+      FLIP_FLAG = 512;
+
+  /** Used to compose bitmasks for comparison styles. */
+  var UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG = 1,
+      PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG = 2;
+
+  /** Used as default options for `_.truncate`. */
+  var DEFAULT_TRUNC_LENGTH = 30,
+      DEFAULT_TRUNC_OMISSION = '...';
+
+  /** Used to detect hot functions by number of calls within a span of milliseconds. */
+  var HOT_COUNT = 150,
+      HOT_SPAN = 16;
+
+  /** Used to indicate the type of lazy iteratees. */
+  var LAZY_FILTER_FLAG = 1,
+      LAZY_MAP_FLAG = 2,
+      LAZY_WHILE_FLAG = 3;
+
+  /** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
+  var INFINITY = 1 / 0,
+      MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991,
+      MAX_INTEGER = 1.7976931348623157e+308,
+      NAN = 0 / 0;
+
+  /** Used as references for the maximum length and index of an array. */
+  var MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH = 4294967295,
+      MAX_ARRAY_INDEX = MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH - 1,
+      HALF_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH = MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH >>> 1;
+
+  /** Used to associate wrap methods with their bit flags. */
+  var wrapFlags = [
+    ['ary', ARY_FLAG],
+    ['bind', BIND_FLAG],
+    ['bindKey', BIND_KEY_FLAG],
+    ['curry', CURRY_FLAG],
+    ['curryRight', CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG],
+    ['flip', FLIP_FLAG],
+    ['partial', PARTIAL_FLAG],
+    ['partialRight', PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG],
+    ['rearg', REARG_FLAG]
+  ];
+
+  /** `Object#toString` result references. */
+  var argsTag = '[object Arguments]',
+      arrayTag = '[object Array]',
+      boolTag = '[object Boolean]',
+      dateTag = '[object Date]',
+      errorTag = '[object Error]',
+      funcTag = '[object Function]',
+      genTag = '[object GeneratorFunction]',
+      mapTag = '[object Map]',
+      numberTag = '[object Number]',
+      objectTag = '[object Object]',
+      promiseTag = '[object Promise]',
+      regexpTag = '[object RegExp]',
+      setTag = '[object Set]',
+      stringTag = '[object String]',
+      symbolTag = '[object Symbol]',
+      weakMapTag = '[object WeakMap]',
+      weakSetTag = '[object WeakSet]';
+
+  var arrayBufferTag = '[object ArrayBuffer]',
+      dataViewTag = '[object DataView]',
+      float32Tag = '[object Float32Array]',
+      float64Tag = '[object Float64Array]',
+      int8Tag = '[object Int8Array]',
+      int16Tag = '[object Int16Array]',
+      int32Tag = '[object Int32Array]',
+      uint8Tag = '[object Uint8Array]',
+      uint8ClampedTag = '[object Uint8ClampedArray]',
+      uint16Tag = '[object Uint16Array]',
+      uint32Tag = '[object Uint32Array]';
+
+  /** Used to match empty string literals in compiled template source. */
+  var reEmptyStringLeading = /\b__p \+= '';/g,
+      reEmptyStringMiddle = /\b(__p \+=) '' \+/g,
+      reEmptyStringTrailing = /(__e\(.*?\)|\b__t\)) \+\n'';/g;
+
+  /** Used to match HTML entities and HTML characters. */
+  var reEscapedHtml = /&(?:amp|lt|gt|quot|#39|#96);/g,
+      reUnescapedHtml = /[&<>"'`]/g,
+      reHasEscapedHtml = RegExp(reEscapedHtml.source),
+      reHasUnescapedHtml = RegExp(reUnescapedHtml.source);
+
+  /** Used to match template delimiters. */
+  var reEscape = /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+      reEvaluate = /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+      reInterpolate = /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g;
+
+  /** Used to match property names within property paths. */
+  var reIsDeepProp = /\.|\[(?:[^[\]]*|(["'])(?:(?!\1)[^\\]|\\.)*?\1)\]/,
+      reIsPlainProp = /^\w*$/,
+      reLeadingDot = /^\./,
+      rePropName = /[^.[\]]+|\[(?:(-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)|(["'])((?:(?!\2)[^\\]|\\.)*?)\2)\]|(?=(?:\.|\[\])(?:\.|\[\]|$))/g;
+
+  /**
+   * Used to match `RegExp`
+   * [syntax characters](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-patterns).
+   */
+  var reRegExpChar = /[\\^$.*+?()[\]{}|]/g,
+      reHasRegExpChar = RegExp(reRegExpChar.source);
+
+  /** Used to match leading and trailing whitespace. */
+  var reTrim = /^\s+|\s+$/g,
+      reTrimStart = /^\s+/,
+      reTrimEnd = /\s+$/;
+
+  /** Used to match wrap detail comments. */
+  var reWrapComment = /\{(?:\n\/\* \[wrapped with .+\] \*\/)?\n?/,
+      reWrapDetails = /\{\n\/\* \[wrapped with (.+)\] \*/,
+      reSplitDetails = /,? & /;
+
+  /** Used to match non-compound words composed of alphanumeric characters. */
+  var reBasicWord = /[a-zA-Z0-9]+/g;
+
+  /** Used to match backslashes in property paths. */
+  var reEscapeChar = /\\(\\)?/g;
+
+  /**
+   * Used to match
+   * [ES template delimiters](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-template-literal-lexical-components).
+   */
+  var reEsTemplate = /\$\{([^\\}]*(?:\\.[^\\}]*)*)\}/g;
+
+  /** Used to match `RegExp` flags from their coerced string values. */
+  var reFlags = /\w*$/;
+
+  /** Used to detect hexadecimal string values. */
+  var reHasHexPrefix = /^0x/i;
+
+  /** Used to detect bad signed hexadecimal string values. */
+  var reIsBadHex = /^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i;
+
+  /** Used to detect binary string values. */
+  var reIsBinary = /^0b[01]+$/i;
+
+  /** Used to detect host constructors (Safari). */
+  var reIsHostCtor = /^\[object .+?Constructor\]$/;
+
+  /** Used to detect octal string values. */
+  var reIsOctal = /^0o[0-7]+$/i;
+
+  /** Used to detect unsigned integer values. */
+  var reIsUint = /^(?:0|[1-9]\d*)$/;
+
+  /** Used to match latin-1 supplementary letters (excluding mathematical operators). */
+  var reLatin1 = /[\xc0-\xd6\xd8-\xde\xdf-\xf6\xf8-\xff]/g;
+
+  /** Used to ensure capturing order of template delimiters. */
+  var reNoMatch = /($^)/;
+
+  /** Used to match unescaped characters in compiled string literals. */
+  var reUnescapedString = /['\n\r\u2028\u2029\\]/g;
+
+  /** Used to compose unicode character classes. */
+  var rsAstralRange = '\\ud800-\\udfff',
+      rsComboMarksRange = '\\u0300-\\u036f\\ufe20-\\ufe23',
+      rsComboSymbolsRange = '\\u20d0-\\u20f0',
+      rsDingbatRange = '\\u2700-\\u27bf',
+      rsLowerRange = 'a-z\\xdf-\\xf6\\xf8-\\xff',
+      rsMathOpRange = '\\xac\\xb1\\xd7\\xf7',
+      rsNonCharRange = '\\x00-\\x2f\\x3a-\\x40\\x5b-\\x60\\x7b-\\xbf',
+      rsPunctuationRange = '\\u2000-\\u206f',
+      rsSpaceRange = ' \\t\\x0b\\f\\xa0\\ufeff\\n\\r\\u2028\\u2029\\u1680\\u180e\\u2000\\u2001\\u2002\\u2003\\u2004\\u2005\\u2006\\u2007\\u2008\\u2009\\u200a\\u202f\\u205f\\u3000',
+      rsUpperRange = 'A-Z\\xc0-\\xd6\\xd8-\\xde',
+      rsVarRange = '\\ufe0e\\ufe0f',
+      rsBreakRange = rsMathOpRange + rsNonCharRange + rsPunctuationRange + rsSpaceRange;
+
+  /** Used to compose unicode capture groups. */
+  var rsApos = "['\u2019]",
+      rsAstral = '[' + rsAstralRange + ']',
+      rsBreak = '[' + rsBreakRange + ']',
+      rsCombo = '[' + rsComboMarksRange + rsComboSymbolsRange + ']',
+      rsDigits = '\\d+',
+      rsDingbat = '[' + rsDingbatRange + ']',
+      rsLower = '[' + rsLowerRange + ']',
+      rsMisc = '[^' + rsAstralRange + rsBreakRange + rsDigits + rsDingbatRange + rsLowerRange + rsUpperRange + ']',
+      rsFitz = '\\ud83c[\\udffb-\\udfff]',
+      rsModifier = '(?:' + rsCombo + '|' + rsFitz + ')',
+      rsNonAstral = '[^' + rsAstralRange + ']',
+      rsRegional = '(?:\\ud83c[\\udde6-\\uddff]){2}',
+      rsSurrPair = '[\\ud800-\\udbff][\\udc00-\\udfff]',
+      rsUpper = '[' + rsUpperRange + ']',
+      rsZWJ = '\\u200d';
+
+  /** Used to compose unicode regexes. */
+  var rsLowerMisc = '(?:' + rsLower + '|' + rsMisc + ')',
+      rsUpperMisc = '(?:' + rsUpper + '|' + rsMisc + ')',
+      rsOptLowerContr = '(?:' + rsApos + '(?:d|ll|m|re|s|t|ve))?',
+      rsOptUpperContr = '(?:' + rsApos + '(?:D|LL|M|RE|S|T|VE))?',
+      reOptMod = rsModifier + '?',
+      rsOptVar = '[' + rsVarRange + ']?',
+      rsOptJoin = '(?:' + rsZWJ + '(?:' + [rsNonAstral, rsRegional, rsSurrPair].join('|') + ')' + rsOptVar + reOptMod + ')*',
+      rsSeq = rsOptVar + reOptMod + rsOptJoin,
+      rsEmoji = '(?:' + [rsDingbat, rsRegional, rsSurrPair].join('|') + ')' + rsSeq,
+      rsSymbol = '(?:' + [rsNonAstral + rsCombo + '?', rsCombo, rsRegional, rsSurrPair, rsAstral].join('|') + ')';
+
+  /** Used to match apostrophes. */
+  var reApos = RegExp(rsApos, 'g');
+
+  /**
+   * Used to match [combining diacritical marks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_Diacritical_Marks) and
+   * [combining diacritical marks for symbols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_Diacritical_Marks_for_Symbols).
+   */
+  var reComboMark = RegExp(rsCombo, 'g');
+
+  /** Used to match [string symbols](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-unicode). */
+  var reComplexSymbol = RegExp(rsFitz + '(?=' + rsFitz + ')|' + rsSymbol + rsSeq, 'g');
+
+  /** Used to match complex or compound words. */
+  var reComplexWord = RegExp([
+    rsUpper + '?' + rsLower + '+' + rsOptLowerContr + '(?=' + [rsBreak, rsUpper, '$'].join('|') + ')',
+    rsUpperMisc + '+' + rsOptUpperContr + '(?=' + [rsBreak, rsUpper + rsLowerMisc, '$'].join('|') + ')',
+    rsUpper + '?' + rsLowerMisc + '+' + rsOptLowerContr,
+    rsUpper + '+' + rsOptUpperContr,
+    rsDigits,
+    rsEmoji
+  ].join('|'), 'g');
+
+  /** Used to detect strings with [zero-width joiners or code points from the astral planes](http://eev.ee/blog/2015/09/12/dark-corners-of-unicode/). */
+  var reHasComplexSymbol = RegExp('[' + rsZWJ + rsAstralRange  + rsComboMarksRange + rsComboSymbolsRange + rsVarRange + ']');
+
+  /** Used to detect strings that need a more robust regexp to match words. */
+  var reHasComplexWord = /[a-z][A-Z]|[A-Z]{2,}[a-z]|[0-9][a-zA-Z]|[a-zA-Z][0-9]|[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]/;
+
+  /** Used to assign default `context` object properties. */
+  var contextProps = [
+    'Array', 'Buffer', 'DataView', 'Date', 'Error', 'Float32Array', 'Float64Array',
+    'Function', 'Int8Array', 'Int16Array', 'Int32Array', 'Map', 'Math', 'Object',
+    'Promise', 'Reflect', 'RegExp', 'Set', 'String', 'Symbol', 'TypeError',
+    'Uint8Array', 'Uint8ClampedArray', 'Uint16Array', 'Uint32Array', 'WeakMap',
+    '_', 'clearTimeout', 'isFinite', 'parseInt', 'setTimeout'
+  ];
+
+  /** Used to make template sourceURLs easier to identify. */
+  var templateCounter = -1;
+
+  /** Used to identify `toStringTag` values of typed arrays. */
+  var typedArrayTags = {};
+  typedArrayTags[float32Tag] = typedArrayTags[float64Tag] =
+  typedArrayTags[int8Tag] = typedArrayTags[int16Tag] =
+  typedArrayTags[int32Tag] = typedArrayTags[uint8Tag] =
+  typedArrayTags[uint8ClampedTag] = typedArrayTags[uint16Tag] =
+  typedArrayTags[uint32Tag] = true;
+  typedArrayTags[argsTag] = typedArrayTags[arrayTag] =
+  typedArrayTags[arrayBufferTag] = typedArrayTags[boolTag] =
+  typedArrayTags[dataViewTag] = typedArrayTags[dateTag] =
+  typedArrayTags[errorTag] = typedArrayTags[funcTag] =
+  typedArrayTags[mapTag] = typedArrayTags[numberTag] =
+  typedArrayTags[objectTag] = typedArrayTags[regexpTag] =
+  typedArrayTags[setTag] = typedArrayTags[stringTag] =
+  typedArrayTags[weakMapTag] = false;
+
+  /** Used to identify `toStringTag` values supported by `_.clone`. */
+  var cloneableTags = {};
+  cloneableTags[argsTag] = cloneableTags[arrayTag] =
+  cloneableTags[arrayBufferTag] = cloneableTags[dataViewTag] =
+  cloneableTags[boolTag] = cloneableTags[dateTag] =
+  cloneableTags[float32Tag] = cloneableTags[float64Tag] =
+  cloneableTags[int8Tag] = cloneableTags[int16Tag] =
+  cloneableTags[int32Tag] = cloneableTags[mapTag] =
+  cloneableTags[numberTag] = cloneableTags[objectTag] =
+  cloneableTags[regexpTag] = cloneableTags[setTag] =
+  cloneableTags[stringTag] = cloneableTags[symbolTag] =
+  cloneableTags[uint8Tag] = cloneableTags[uint8ClampedTag] =
+  cloneableTags[uint16Tag] = cloneableTags[uint32Tag] = true;
+  cloneableTags[errorTag] = cloneableTags[funcTag] =
+  cloneableTags[weakMapTag] = false;
+
+  /** Used to map latin-1 supplementary letters to basic latin letters. */
+  var deburredLetters = {
+    '\xc0': 'A',  '\xc1': 'A', '\xc2': 'A', '\xc3': 'A', '\xc4': 'A', '\xc5': 'A',
+    '\xe0': 'a',  '\xe1': 'a', '\xe2': 'a', '\xe3': 'a', '\xe4': 'a', '\xe5': 'a',
+    '\xc7': 'C',  '\xe7': 'c',
+    '\xd0': 'D',  '\xf0': 'd',
+    '\xc8': 'E',  '\xc9': 'E', '\xca': 'E', '\xcb': 'E',
+    '\xe8': 'e',  '\xe9': 'e', '\xea': 'e', '\xeb': 'e',
+    '\xcC': 'I',  '\xcd': 'I', '\xce': 'I', '\xcf': 'I',
+    '\xeC': 'i',  '\xed': 'i', '\xee': 'i', '\xef': 'i',
+    '\xd1': 'N',  '\xf1': 'n',
+    '\xd2': 'O',  '\xd3': 'O', '\xd4': 'O', '\xd5': 'O', '\xd6': 'O', '\xd8': 'O',
+    '\xf2': 'o',  '\xf3': 'o', '\xf4': 'o', '\xf5': 'o', '\xf6': 'o', '\xf8': 'o',
+    '\xd9': 'U',  '\xda': 'U', '\xdb': 'U', '\xdc': 'U',
+    '\xf9': 'u',  '\xfa': 'u', '\xfb': 'u', '\xfc': 'u',
+    '\xdd': 'Y',  '\xfd': 'y', '\xff': 'y',
+    '\xc6': 'Ae', '\xe6': 'ae',
+    '\xde': 'Th', '\xfe': 'th',
+    '\xdf': 'ss'
+  };
+
+  /** Used to map characters to HTML entities. */
+  var htmlEscapes = {
+    '&': '&amp;',
+    '<': '&lt;',
+    '>': '&gt;',
+    '"': '&quot;',
+    "'": '&#39;',
+    '`': '&#96;'
+  };
+
+  /** Used to map HTML entities to characters. */
+  var htmlUnescapes = {
+    '&amp;': '&',
+    '&lt;': '<',
+    '&gt;': '>',
+    '&quot;': '"',
+    '&#39;': "'",
+    '&#96;': '`'
+  };
+
+  /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals. */
+  var stringEscapes = {
+    '\\': '\\',
+    "'": "'",
+    '\n': 'n',
+    '\r': 'r',
+    '\u2028': 'u2028',
+    '\u2029': 'u2029'
+  };
+
+  /** Built-in method references without a dependency on `root`. */
+  var freeParseFloat = parseFloat,
+      freeParseInt = parseInt;
+
+  /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js. */
+  var freeGlobal = typeof global == 'object' && global && global.Object === Object && global;
+
+  /** Detect free variable `self`. */
+  var freeSelf = typeof self == 'object' && self && self.Object === Object && self;
+
+  /** Used as a reference to the global object. */
+  var root = freeGlobal || freeSelf || Function('return this')();
+
+  /** Detect free variable `exports`. */
+  var freeExports = typeof exports == 'object' && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports;
+
+  /** Detect free variable `module`. */
+  var freeModule = freeExports && typeof module == 'object' && module && !module.nodeType && module;
+
+  /** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports`. */
+  var moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports;
+
+  /** Detect free variable `process` from Node.js. */
+  var freeProcess = moduleExports && freeGlobal.process;
+
+  /** Used to access faster Node.js helpers. */
+  var nodeUtil = (function() {
+    try {
+      return freeProcess && freeProcess.binding('util');
+    } catch (e) {}
+  }());
+
+  /* Node.js helper references. */
+  var nodeIsArrayBuffer = nodeUtil && nodeUtil.isArrayBuffer,
+      nodeIsDate = nodeUtil && nodeUtil.isDate,
+      nodeIsMap = nodeUtil && nodeUtil.isMap,
+      nodeIsRegExp = nodeUtil && nodeUtil.isRegExp,
+      nodeIsSet = nodeUtil && nodeUtil.isSet,
+      nodeIsTypedArray = nodeUtil && nodeUtil.isTypedArray;
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Adds the key-value `pair` to `map`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} map The map to modify.
+   * @param {Array} pair The key-value pair to add.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns `map`.
+   */
+  function addMapEntry(map, pair) {
+    // Don't return `map.set` because it's not chainable in IE 11.
+    map.set(pair[0], pair[1]);
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds `value` to `set`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} set The set to modify.
+   * @param {*} value The value to add.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns `set`.
+   */
+  function addSetEntry(set, value) {
+    // Don't return `set.add` because it's not chainable in IE 11.
+    set.add(value);
+    return set;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A faster alternative to `Function#apply`, this function invokes `func`
+   * with the `this` binding of `thisArg` and the arguments of `args`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Function} func The function to invoke.
+   * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
+   * @param {Array} args The arguments to invoke `func` with.
+   * @returns {*} Returns the result of `func`.
+   */
+  function apply(func, thisArg, args) {
+    switch (args.length) {
+      case 0: return func.call(thisArg);
+      case 1: return func.call(thisArg, args[0]);
+      case 2: return func.call(thisArg, args[0], args[1]);
+      case 3: return func.call(thisArg, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
+    }
+    return func.apply(thisArg, args);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A specialized version of `baseAggregator` for arrays.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} setter The function to set `accumulator` values.
+   * @param {Function} iteratee The iteratee to transform keys.
+   * @param {Object} accumulator The initial aggregated object.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns `accumulator`.
+   */
+  function arrayAggregator(array, setter, iteratee, accumulator) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = array ? array.length : 0;
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      var value = array[index];
+      setter(accumulator, value, iteratee(value), array);
+    }
+    return accumulator;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A specialized version of `_.forEach` for arrays without support for
+   * iteratee shorthands.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+   */
+  function arrayEach(array, iteratee) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = array ? array.length : 0;
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      if (iteratee(array[index], index, array) === false) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    return array;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A specialized version of `_.forEachRight` for arrays without support for
+   * iteratee shorthands.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+   */
+  function arrayEachRight(array, iteratee) {
+    var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+
+    while (length--) {
+      if (iteratee(array[length], length, array) === false) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    return array;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A specialized version of `_.every` for arrays without support for
+   * iteratee shorthands.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,
+   *  else `false`.
+   */
+  function arrayEvery(array, predicate) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = array ? array.length : 0;
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      if (!predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A specialized version of `_.filter` for arrays without support for
+   * iteratee shorthands.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
+   */
+  function arrayFilter(array, predicate) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = array ? array.length : 0,
+        resIndex = 0,
+        result = [];
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      var value = array[index];
+      if (predicate(value, index, array)) {
+        result[resIndex++] = value;
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A specialized version of `_.includes` for arrays without support for
+   * specifying an index to search from.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} [array] The array to search.
+   * @param {*} target The value to search for.
+   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `target` is found, else `false`.
+   */
+  function arrayIncludes(array, value) {
+    var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+    return !!length && baseIndexOf(array, value, 0) > -1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This function is like `arrayIncludes` except that it accepts a comparator.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} [array] The array to search.
+   * @param {*} target The value to search for.
+   * @param {Function} comparator The comparator invoked per element.
+   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `target` is found, else `false`.
+   */
+  function arrayIncludesWith(array, value, comparator) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = array ? array.length : 0;
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      if (comparator(value, array[index])) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A specialized version of `_.map` for arrays without support for iteratee
+   * shorthands.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
+   */
+  function arrayMap(array, iteratee) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = array ? array.length : 0,
+        result = Array(length);
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      result[index] = iteratee(array[index], index, array);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Appends the elements of `values` to `array`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+   * @param {Array} values The values to append.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+   */
+  function arrayPush(array, values) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = values.length,
+        offset = array.length;
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      array[offset + index] = values[index];
+    }
+    return array;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A specialized version of `_.reduce` for arrays without support for
+   * iteratee shorthands.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
+   * @param {boolean} [initAccum] Specify using the first element of `array` as
+   *  the initial value.
+   * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
+   */
+  function arrayReduce(array, iteratee, accumulator, initAccum) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = array ? array.length : 0;
+
+    if (initAccum && length) {
+      accumulator = array[++index];
+    }
+    while (++index < length) {
+      accumulator = iteratee(accumulator, array[index], index, array);
+    }
+    return accumulator;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A specialized version of `_.reduceRight` for arrays without support for
+   * iteratee shorthands.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
+   * @param {boolean} [initAccum] Specify using the last element of `array` as
+   *  the initial value.
+   * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
+   */
+  function arrayReduceRight(array, iteratee, accumulator, initAccum) {
+    var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+    if (initAccum && length) {
+      accumulator = array[--length];
+    }
+    while (length--) {
+      accumulator = iteratee(accumulator, array[length], length, array);
+    }
+    return accumulator;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A specialized version of `_.some` for arrays without support for iteratee
+   * shorthands.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,
+   *  else `false`.
+   */
+  function arraySome(array, predicate) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = array ? array.length : 0;
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The base implementation of methods like `_.findKey` and `_.findLastKey`,
+   * without support for iteratee shorthands, which iterates over `collection`
+   * using `eachFunc`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to search.
+   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over `collection`.
+   * @returns {*} Returns the found element or its key, else `undefined`.
+   */
+  function baseFindKey(collection, predicate, eachFunc) {
+    var result;
+    eachFunc(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+      if (predicate(value, key, collection)) {
+        result = key;
+        return false;
+      }
+    });
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.findIndex` and `_.findLastIndex` without
+   * support for iteratee shorthands.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
+   * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
+   */
+  function baseFindIndex(array, predicate, fromIndex, fromRight) {
+    var length = array.length,
+        index = fromIndex + (fromRight ? 1 : -1);
+
+    while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
+      if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
+        return index;
+      }
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without `fromIndex` bounds checks.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+   * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
+   */
+  function baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+    if (value !== value) {
+      return baseFindIndex(array, baseIsNaN, fromIndex);
+    }
+    var index = fromIndex - 1,
+        length = array.length;
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      if (array[index] === value) {
+        return index;
+      }
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This function is like `baseIndexOf` except that it accepts a comparator.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+   * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
+   * @param {Function} comparator The comparator invoked per element.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
+   */
+  function baseIndexOfWith(array, value, fromIndex, comparator) {
+    var index = fromIndex - 1,
+        length = array.length;
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      if (comparator(array[index], value)) {
+        return index;
+      }
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.isNaN` without support for number objects.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {*} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
+   */
+  function baseIsNaN(value) {
+    return value !== value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.mean` and `_.meanBy` without support for
+   * iteratee shorthands.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the mean.
+   */
+  function baseMean(array, iteratee) {
+    var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+    return length ? (baseSum(array, iteratee) / length) : NAN;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.property` without support for deep paths.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.
+   */
+  function baseProperty(key) {
+    return function(object) {
+      return object == null ? undefined : object[key];
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.propertyOf` without support for deep paths.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.
+   */
+  function basePropertyOf(object) {
+    return function(key) {
+      return object == null ? undefined : object[key];
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.reduce` and `_.reduceRight`, without support
+   * for iteratee shorthands, which iterates over `collection` using `eachFunc`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @param {*} accumulator The initial value.
+   * @param {boolean} initAccum Specify using the first or last element of
+   *  `collection` as the initial value.
+   * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over `collection`.
+   * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
+   */
+  function baseReduce(collection, iteratee, accumulator, initAccum, eachFunc) {
+    eachFunc(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+      accumulator = initAccum
+        ? (initAccum = false, value)
+        : iteratee(accumulator, value, index, collection);
+    });
+    return accumulator;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.sortBy` which uses `comparer` to define the
+   * sort order of `array` and replaces criteria objects with their corresponding
+   * values.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to sort.
+   * @param {Function} comparer The function to define sort order.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+   */
+  function baseSortBy(array, comparer) {
+    var length = array.length;
+
+    array.sort(comparer);
+    while (length--) {
+      array[length] = array[length].value;
+    }
+    return array;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.sum` and `_.sumBy` without support for
+   * iteratee shorthands.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
+   */
+  function baseSum(array, iteratee) {
+    var result,
+        index = -1,
+        length = array.length;
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      var current = iteratee(array[index]);
+      if (current !== undefined) {
+        result = result === undefined ? current : (result + current);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.times` without support for iteratee shorthands
+   * or max array length checks.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {number} n The number of times to invoke `iteratee`.
+   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
+   */
+  function baseTimes(n, iteratee) {
+    var index = -1,
+        result = Array(n);
+
+    while (++index < n) {
+      result[index] = iteratee(index);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.toPairs` and `_.toPairsIn` which creates an array
+   * of key-value pairs for `object` corresponding to the property names of `props`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+   * @param {Array} props The property names to get values for.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns the key-value pairs.
+   */
+  function baseToPairs(object, props) {
+    return arrayMap(props, function(key) {
+      return [key, object[key]];
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.unary` without support for storing metadata.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Function} func The function to cap arguments for.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the new capped function.
+   */
+  function baseUnary(func) {
+    return function(value) {
+      return func(value);
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The base implementation of `_.values` and `_.valuesIn` which creates an
+   * array of `object` property values corresponding to the property names
+   * of `props`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+   * @param {Array} props The property names to get values for.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns the array of property values.
+   */
+  function baseValues(object, props) {
+    return arrayMap(props, function(key) {
+      return object[key];
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if a cache value for `key` exists.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} cache The cache to query.
+   * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
+   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
+   */
+  function cacheHas(cache, key) {
+    return cache.has(key);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimStart` to get the index of the first string symbol
+   * that is not found in the character symbols.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} strSymbols The string symbols to inspect.
+   * @param {Array} chrSymbols The character symbols to find.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the first unmatched string symbol.
+   */
+  function charsStartIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = strSymbols.length;
+
+    while (++index < length && baseIndexOf(chrSymbols, strSymbols[index], 0) > -1) {}
+    return index;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimEnd` to get the index of the last string symbol
+   * that is not found in the character symbols.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} strSymbols The string symbols to inspect.
+   * @param {Array} chrSymbols The character symbols to find.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the last unmatched string symbol.
+   */
+  function charsEndIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols) {
+    var index = strSymbols.length;
+
+    while (index-- && baseIndexOf(chrSymbols, strSymbols[index], 0) > -1) {}
+    return index;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the number of `placeholder` occurrences in `array`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+   * @param {*} placeholder The placeholder to search for.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the placeholder count.
+   */
+  function countHolders(array, placeholder) {
+    var length = array.length,
+        result = 0;
+
+    while (length--) {
+      if (array[length] === placeholder) {
+        result++;
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `_.deburr` to convert latin-1 supplementary letters to basic latin letters.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} letter The matched letter to deburr.
+   * @returns {string} Returns the deburred letter.
+   */
+  var deburrLetter = basePropertyOf(deburredLetters);
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `_.escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} chr The matched character to escape.
+   * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
+   */
+  var escapeHtmlChar = basePropertyOf(htmlEscapes);
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `_.template` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} chr The matched character to escape.
+   * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
+   */
+  function escapeStringChar(chr) {
+    return '\\' + stringEscapes[chr];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the value at `key` of `object`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} [object] The object to query.
+   * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.
+   * @returns {*} Returns the property value.
+   */
+  function getValue(object, key) {
+    return object == null ? undefined : object[key];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a host object in IE < 9.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {*} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a host object, else `false`.
+   */
+  function isHostObject(value) {
+    // Many host objects are `Object` objects that can coerce to strings
+    // despite having improperly defined `toString` methods.
+    var result = false;
+    if (value != null && typeof value.toString != 'function') {
+      try {
+        result = !!(value + '');
+      } catch (e) {}
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts `iterator` to an array.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} iterator The iterator to convert.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
+   */
+  function iteratorToArray(iterator) {
+    var data,
+        result = [];
+
+    while (!(data = iterator.next()).done) {
+      result.push(data.value);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts `map` to its key-value pairs.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} map The map to convert.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns the key-value pairs.
+   */
+  function mapToArray(map) {
+    var index = -1,
+        result = Array(map.size);
+
+    map.forEach(function(value, key) {
+      result[++index] = [key, value];
+    });
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a function that invokes `func` with its first argument transformed.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
+   * @param {Function} transform The argument transform.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+   */
+  function overArg(func, transform) {
+    return function(arg) {
+      return func(transform(arg));
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Replaces all `placeholder` elements in `array` with an internal placeholder
+   * and returns an array of their indexes.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+   * @param {*} placeholder The placeholder to replace.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of placeholder indexes.
+   */
+  function replaceHolders(array, placeholder) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = array.length,
+        resIndex = 0,
+        result = [];
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      var value = array[index];
+      if (value === placeholder || value === PLACEHOLDER) {
+        array[index] = PLACEHOLDER;
+        result[resIndex++] = index;
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts `set` to an array of its values.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} set The set to convert.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns the values.
+   */
+  function setToArray(set) {
+    var index = -1,
+        result = Array(set.size);
+
+    set.forEach(function(value) {
+      result[++index] = value;
+    });
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts `set` to its value-value pairs.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} set The set to convert.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns the value-value pairs.
+   */
+  function setToPairs(set) {
+    var index = -1,
+        result = Array(set.size);
+
+    set.forEach(function(value) {
+      result[++index] = [value, value];
+    });
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the number of symbols in `string`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
+   * @returns {number} Returns the string size.
+   */
+  function stringSize(string) {
+    if (!(string && reHasComplexSymbol.test(string))) {
+      return string.length;
+    }
+    var result = reComplexSymbol.lastIndex = 0;
+    while (reComplexSymbol.test(string)) {
+      result++;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts `string` to an array.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} string The string to convert.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
+   */
+  function stringToArray(string) {
+    return string.match(reComplexSymbol);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `_.unescape` to convert HTML entities to characters.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} chr The matched character to unescape.
+   * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped character.
+   */
+  var unescapeHtmlChar = basePropertyOf(htmlUnescapes);
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new pristine `lodash` function using the `context` object.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @since 1.1.0
+   * @category Util
+   * @param {Object} [context=root] The context object.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns a new `lodash` function.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.mixin({ 'foo': _.constant('foo') });
+   *
+   * var lodash = _.runInContext();
+   * lodash.mixin({ 'bar': lodash.constant('bar') });
+   *
+   * _.isFunction(_.foo);
+   * // => true
+   * _.isFunction(_.bar);
+   * // => false
+   *
+   * lodash.isFunction(lodash.foo);
+   * // => false
+   * lodash.isFunction(lodash.bar);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * // Use `context` to stub `Date#getTime` use in `_.now`.
+   * var stubbed = _.runInContext({
+   *   'Date': function() {
+   *     return { 'getTime': stubGetTime };
+   *   }
+   * });
+   *
+   * // Create a suped-up `defer` in Node.js.
+   * var defer = _.runInContext({ 'setTimeout': setImmediate }).defer;
+   */
+  function runInContext(context) {
+    context = context ? _.defaults({}, context, _.pick(root, contextProps)) : root;
+
+    /** Built-in constructor references. */
+    var Array = context.Array,
+        Date = context.Date,
+        Error = context.Error,
+        Math = context.Math,
+        RegExp = context.RegExp,
+        TypeError = context.TypeError;
+
+    /** Used for built-in method references. */
+    var arrayProto = context.Array.prototype,
+        objectProto = context.Object.prototype,
+        stringProto = context.String.prototype;
+
+    /** Used to detect overreaching core-js shims. */
+    var coreJsData = context['__core-js_shared__'];
+
+    /** Used to detect methods masquerading as native. */
+    var maskSrcKey = (function() {
+      var uid = /[^.]+$/.exec(coreJsData && coreJsData.keys && coreJsData.keys.IE_PROTO || '');
+      return uid ? ('Symbol(src)_1.' + uid) : '';
+    }());
+
+    /** Used to resolve the decompiled source of functions. */
+    var funcToString = context.Function.prototype.toString;
+
+    /** Used to check objects for own properties. */
+    var hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;
+
+    /** Used to generate unique IDs. */
+    var idCounter = 0;
+
+    /** Used to infer the `Object` constructor. */
+    var objectCtorString = funcToString.call(Object);
+
+    /**
+     * Used to resolve the
+     * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
+     * of values.
+     */
+    var objectToString = objectProto.toString;
+
+    /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `_.noConflict`. */
+    var oldDash = root._;
+
+    /** Used to detect if a method is native. */
+    var reIsNative = RegExp('^' +
+      funcToString.call(hasOwnProperty).replace(reRegExpChar, '\\$&')
+      .replace(/hasOwnProperty|(function).*?(?=\\\()| for .+?(?=\\\])/g, '$1.*?') + '$'
+    );
+
+    /** Built-in value references. */
+    var Buffer = moduleExports ? context.Buffer : undefined,
+        Reflect = context.Reflect,
+        Symbol = context.Symbol,
+        Uint8Array = context.Uint8Array,
+        enumerate = Reflect ? Reflect.enumerate : undefined,
+        iteratorSymbol = Symbol ? Symbol.iterator : undefined,
+        objectCreate = context.Object.create,
+        propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable,
+        splice = arrayProto.splice,
+        spreadableSymbol = Symbol ? Symbol.isConcatSpreadable : undefined;
+
+    /** Built-in method references that are mockable. */
+    var clearTimeout = function(id) { return context.clearTimeout.call(root, id); },
+        setTimeout = function(func, wait) { return context.setTimeout.call(root, func, wait); };
+
+    /* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
+    var nativeCeil = Math.ceil,
+        nativeFloor = Math.floor,
+        nativeGetPrototype = Object.getPrototypeOf,
+        nativeGetSymbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols,
+        nativeIsBuffer = Buffer ? Buffer.isBuffer : undefined,
+        nativeIsFinite = context.isFinite,
+        nativeJoin = arrayProto.join,
+        nativeKeys = Object.keys,
+        nativeMax = Math.max,
+        nativeMin = Math.min,
+        nativeParseInt = context.parseInt,
+        nativeRandom = Math.random,
+        nativeReplace = stringProto.replace,
+        nativeReverse = arrayProto.reverse,
+        nativeSplit = stringProto.split;
+
+    /* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */
+    var DataView = getNative(context, 'DataView'),
+        Map = getNative(context, 'Map'),
+        Promise = getNative(context, 'Promise'),
+        Set = getNative(context, 'Set'),
+        WeakMap = getNative(context, 'WeakMap'),
+        nativeCreate = getNative(context.Object, 'create');
+
+    /* Used to set `toString` methods. */
+    var defineProperty = (function() {
+      var func = getNative(context.Object, 'defineProperty'),
+          name = getNative.name;
+
+      return (name && name.length > 2) ? func : undefined;
+    }());
+
+    /** Used to store function metadata. */
+    var metaMap = WeakMap && new WeakMap;
+
+    /** Detect if properties shadowing those on `Object.prototype` are non-enumerable. */
+    var nonEnumShadows = !propertyIsEnumerable.call({ 'valueOf': 1 }, 'valueOf');
+
+    /** Used to lookup unminified function names. */
+    var realNames = {};
+
+    /** Used to detect maps, sets, and weakmaps. */
+    var dataViewCtorString = toSource(DataView),
+        mapCtorString = toSource(Map),
+        promiseCtorString = toSource(Promise),
+        setCtorString = toSource(Set),
+        weakMapCtorString = toSource(WeakMap);
+
+    /** Used to convert symbols to primitives and strings. */
+    var symbolProto = Symbol ? Symbol.prototype : undefined,
+        symbolValueOf = symbolProto ? symbolProto.valueOf : undefined,
+        symbolToString = symbolProto ? symbolProto.toString : undefined;
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a `lodash` object which wraps `value` to enable implicit method
+     * chain sequences. Methods that operate on and return arrays, collections,
+     * and functions can be chained together. Methods that retrieve a single value
+     * or may return a primitive value will automatically end the chain sequence
+     * and return the unwrapped value. Otherwise, the value must be unwrapped
+     * with `_#value`.
+     *
+     * Explicit chain sequences, which must be unwrapped with `_#value`, may be
+     * enabled using `_.chain`.
+     *
+     * The execution of chained methods is lazy, that is, it's deferred until
+     * `_#value` is implicitly or explicitly called.
+     *
+     * Lazy evaluation allows several methods to support shortcut fusion.
+     * Shortcut fusion is an optimization to merge iteratee calls; this avoids
+     * the creation of intermediate arrays and can greatly reduce the number of
+     * iteratee executions. Sections of a chain sequence qualify for shortcut
+     * fusion if the section is applied to an array of at least `200` elements
+     * and any iteratees accept only one argument. The heuristic for whether a
+     * section qualifies for shortcut fusion is subject to change.
+     *
+     * Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the `_#value` method is
+     * directly or indirectly included in the build.
+     *
+     * In addition to lodash methods, wrappers have `Array` and `String` methods.
+     *
+     * The wrapper `Array` methods are:
+     * `concat`, `join`, `pop`, `push`, `shift`, `sort`, `splice`, and `unshift`
+     *
+     * The wrapper `String` methods are:
+     * `replace` and `split`
+     *
+     * The wrapper methods that support shortcut fusion are:
+     * `at`, `compact`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `dropWhile`, `filter`, `find`,
+     * `findLast`, `head`, `initial`, `last`, `map`, `reject`, `reverse`, `slice`,
+     * `tail`, `take`, `takeRight`, `takeRightWhile`, `takeWhile`, and `toArray`
+     *
+     * The chainable wrapper methods are:
+     * `after`, `ary`, `assign`, `assignIn`, `assignInWith`, `assignWith`, `at`,
+     * `before`, `bind`, `bindAll`, `bindKey`, `castArray`, `chain`, `chunk`,
+     * `commit`, `compact`, `concat`, `conforms`, `constant`, `countBy`, `create`,
+     * `curry`, `debounce`, `defaults`, `defaultsDeep`, `defer`, `delay`,
+     * `difference`, `differenceBy`, `differenceWith`, `drop`, `dropRight`,
+     * `dropRightWhile`, `dropWhile`, `extend`, `extendWith`, `fill`, `filter`,
+     * `flatMap`, `flatMapDeep`, `flatMapDepth`, `flatten`, `flattenDeep`,
+     * `flattenDepth`, `flip`, `flow`, `flowRight`, `fromPairs`, `functions`,
+     * `functionsIn`, `groupBy`, `initial`, `intersection`, `intersectionBy`,
+     * `intersectionWith`, `invert`, `invertBy`, `invokeMap`, `iteratee`, `keyBy`,
+     * `keys`, `keysIn`, `map`, `mapKeys`, `mapValues`, `matches`, `matchesProperty`,
+     * `memoize`, `merge`, `mergeWith`, `method`, `methodOf`, `mixin`, `negate`,
+     * `nthArg`, `omit`, `omitBy`, `once`, `orderBy`, `over`, `overArgs`,
+     * `overEvery`, `overSome`, `partial`, `partialRight`, `partition`, `pick`,
+     * `pickBy`, `plant`, `property`, `propertyOf`, `pull`, `pullAll`, `pullAllBy`,
+     * `pullAllWith`, `pullAt`, `push`, `range`, `rangeRight`, `rearg`, `reject`,
+     * `remove`, `rest`, `reverse`, `sampleSize`, `set`, `setWith`, `shuffle`,
+     * `slice`, `sort`, `sortBy`, `splice`, `spread`, `tail`, `take`, `takeRight`,
+     * `takeRightWhile`, `takeWhile`, `tap`, `throttle`, `thru`, `toArray`,
+     * `toPairs`, `toPairsIn`, `toPath`, `toPlainObject`, `transform`, `unary`,
+     * `union`, `unionBy`, `unionWith`, `uniq`, `uniqBy`, `uniqWith`, `unset`,
+     * `unshift`, `unzip`, `unzipWith`, `update`, `updateWith`, `values`,
+     * `valuesIn`, `without`, `wrap`, `xor`, `xorBy`, `xorWith`, `zip`,
+     * `zipObject`, `zipObjectDeep`, and `zipWith`
+     *
+     * The wrapper methods that are **not** chainable by default are:
+     * `add`, `attempt`, `camelCase`, `capitalize`, `ceil`, `clamp`, `clone`,
+     * `cloneDeep`, `cloneDeepWith`, `cloneWith`, `conformsTo`, `deburr`,
+     * `defaultTo`, `divide`, `each`, `eachRight`, `endsWith`, `eq`, `escape`,
+     * `escapeRegExp`, `every`, `find`, `findIndex`, `findKey`, `findLast`,
+     * `findLastIndex`, `findLastKey`, `first`, `floor`, `forEach`, `forEachRight`,
+     * `forIn`, `forInRight`, `forOwn`, `forOwnRight`, `get`, `gt`, `gte`, `has`,
+     * `hasIn`, `head`, `identity`, `includes`, `indexOf`, `inRange`, `invoke`,
+     * `isArguments`, `isArray`, `isArrayBuffer`, `isArrayLike`, `isArrayLikeObject`,
+     * `isBoolean`, `isBuffer`, `isDate`, `isElement`, `isEmpty`, `isEqual`,
+     * `isEqualWith`, `isError`, `isFinite`, `isFunction`, `isInteger`, `isLength`,
+     * `isMap`, `isMatch`, `isMatchWith`, `isNaN`, `isNative`, `isNil`, `isNull`,
+     * `isNumber`, `isObject`, `isObjectLike`, `isPlainObject`, `isRegExp`,
+     * `isSafeInteger`, `isSet`, `isString`, `isUndefined`, `isTypedArray`,
+     * `isWeakMap`, `isWeakSet`, `join`, `kebabCase`, `last`, `lastIndexOf`,
+     * `lowerCase`, `lowerFirst`, `lt`, `lte`, `max`, `maxBy`, `mean`, `meanBy`,
+     * `min`, `minBy`, `multiply`, `noConflict`, `noop`, `now`, `nth`, `pad`,
+     * `padEnd`, `padStart`, `parseInt`, `pop`, `random`, `reduce`, `reduceRight`,
+     * `repeat`, `result`, `round`, `runInContext`, `sample`, `shift`, `size`,
+     * `snakeCase`, `some`, `sortedIndex`, `sortedIndexBy`, `sortedLastIndex`,
+     * `sortedLastIndexBy`, `startCase`, `startsWith`, `stubArray`, `stubFalse`,
+     * `stubObject`, `stubString`, `stubTrue`, `subtract`, `sum`, `sumBy`,
+     * `template`, `times`, `toFinite`, `toInteger`, `toJSON`, `toLength`,
+     * `toLower`, `toNumber`, `toSafeInteger`, `toString`, `toUpper`, `trim`,
+     * `trimEnd`, `trimStart`, `truncate`, `unescape`, `uniqueId`, `upperCase`,
+     * `upperFirst`, `value`, and `words`
+     *
+     * @name _
+     * @constructor
+     * @category Seq
+     * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function square(n) {
+     *   return n * n;
+     * }
+     *
+     * var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);
+     *
+     * // Returns an unwrapped value.
+     * wrapped.reduce(_.add);
+     * // => 6
+     *
+     * // Returns a wrapped value.
+     * var squares = wrapped.map(square);
+     *
+     * _.isArray(squares);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isArray(squares.value());
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function lodash(value) {
+      if (isObjectLike(value) && !isArray(value) && !(value instanceof LazyWrapper)) {
+        if (value instanceof LodashWrapper) {
+          return value;
+        }
+        if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, '__wrapped__')) {
+          return wrapperClone(value);
+        }
+      }
+      return new LodashWrapper(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The function whose prototype chain sequence wrappers inherit from.
+     *
+     * @private
+     */
+    function baseLodash() {
+      // No operation performed.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base constructor for creating `lodash` wrapper objects.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
+     * @param {boolean} [chainAll] Enable explicit method chain sequences.
+     */
+    function LodashWrapper(value, chainAll) {
+      this.__wrapped__ = value;
+      this.__actions__ = [];
+      this.__chain__ = !!chainAll;
+      this.__index__ = 0;
+      this.__values__ = undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * By default, the template delimiters used by lodash are like those in
+     * embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use
+     * alternative delimiters.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @type {Object}
+     */
+    lodash.templateSettings = {
+
+      /**
+       * Used to detect `data` property values to be HTML-escaped.
+       *
+       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+       * @type {RegExp}
+       */
+      'escape': reEscape,
+
+      /**
+       * Used to detect code to be evaluated.
+       *
+       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+       * @type {RegExp}
+       */
+      'evaluate': reEvaluate,
+
+      /**
+       * Used to detect `data` property values to inject.
+       *
+       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+       * @type {RegExp}
+       */
+      'interpolate': reInterpolate,
+
+      /**
+       * Used to reference the data object in the template text.
+       *
+       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+       * @type {string}
+       */
+      'variable': '',
+
+      /**
+       * Used to import variables into the compiled template.
+       *
+       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+       * @type {Object}
+       */
+      'imports': {
+
+        /**
+         * A reference to the `lodash` function.
+         *
+         * @memberOf _.templateSettings.imports
+         * @type {Function}
+         */
+        '_': lodash
+      }
+    };
+
+    // Ensure wrappers are instances of `baseLodash`.
+    lodash.prototype = baseLodash.prototype;
+    lodash.prototype.constructor = lodash;
+
+    LodashWrapper.prototype = baseCreate(baseLodash.prototype);
+    LodashWrapper.prototype.constructor = LodashWrapper;
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a lazy wrapper object which wraps `value` to enable lazy evaluation.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @constructor
+     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
+     */
+    function LazyWrapper(value) {
+      this.__wrapped__ = value;
+      this.__actions__ = [];
+      this.__dir__ = 1;
+      this.__filtered__ = false;
+      this.__iteratees__ = [];
+      this.__takeCount__ = MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH;
+      this.__views__ = [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a clone of the lazy wrapper object.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name clone
+     * @memberOf LazyWrapper
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned `LazyWrapper` object.
+     */
+    function lazyClone() {
+      var result = new LazyWrapper(this.__wrapped__);
+      result.__actions__ = copyArray(this.__actions__);
+      result.__dir__ = this.__dir__;
+      result.__filtered__ = this.__filtered__;
+      result.__iteratees__ = copyArray(this.__iteratees__);
+      result.__takeCount__ = this.__takeCount__;
+      result.__views__ = copyArray(this.__views__);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reverses the direction of lazy iteration.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name reverse
+     * @memberOf LazyWrapper
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new reversed `LazyWrapper` object.
+     */
+    function lazyReverse() {
+      if (this.__filtered__) {
+        var result = new LazyWrapper(this);
+        result.__dir__ = -1;
+        result.__filtered__ = true;
+      } else {
+        result = this.clone();
+        result.__dir__ *= -1;
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extracts the unwrapped value from its lazy wrapper.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name value
+     * @memberOf LazyWrapper
+     * @returns {*} Returns the unwrapped value.
+     */
+    function lazyValue() {
+      var array = this.__wrapped__.value(),
+          dir = this.__dir__,
+          isArr = isArray(array),
+          isRight = dir < 0,
+          arrLength = isArr ? array.length : 0,
+          view = getView(0, arrLength, this.__views__),
+          start = view.start,
+          end = view.end,
+          length = end - start,
+          index = isRight ? end : (start - 1),
+          iteratees = this.__iteratees__,
+          iterLength = iteratees.length,
+          resIndex = 0,
+          takeCount = nativeMin(length, this.__takeCount__);
+
+      if (!isArr || arrLength < LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE ||
+          (arrLength == length && takeCount == length)) {
+        return baseWrapperValue(array, this.__actions__);
+      }
+      var result = [];
+
+      outer:
+      while (length-- && resIndex < takeCount) {
+        index += dir;
+
+        var iterIndex = -1,
+            value = array[index];
+
+        while (++iterIndex < iterLength) {
+          var data = iteratees[iterIndex],
+              iteratee = data.iteratee,
+              type = data.type,
+              computed = iteratee(value);
+
+          if (type == LAZY_MAP_FLAG) {
+            value = computed;
+          } else if (!computed) {
+            if (type == LAZY_FILTER_FLAG) {
+              continue outer;
+            } else {
+              break outer;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        result[resIndex++] = value;
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    // Ensure `LazyWrapper` is an instance of `baseLodash`.
+    LazyWrapper.prototype = baseCreate(baseLodash.prototype);
+    LazyWrapper.prototype.constructor = LazyWrapper;
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a hash object.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @constructor
+     * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.
+     */
+    function Hash(entries) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = entries ? entries.length : 0;
+
+      this.clear();
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var entry = entries[index];
+        this.set(entry[0], entry[1]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all key-value entries from the hash.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name clear
+     * @memberOf Hash
+     */
+    function hashClear() {
+      this.__data__ = nativeCreate ? nativeCreate(null) : {};
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes `key` and its value from the hash.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name delete
+     * @memberOf Hash
+     * @param {Object} hash The hash to modify.
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.
+     */
+    function hashDelete(key) {
+      return this.has(key) && delete this.__data__[key];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the hash value for `key`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name get
+     * @memberOf Hash
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.
+     */
+    function hashGet(key) {
+      var data = this.__data__;
+      if (nativeCreate) {
+        var result = data[key];
+        return result === HASH_UNDEFINED ? undefined : result;
+      }
+      return hasOwnProperty.call(data, key) ? data[key] : undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if a hash value for `key` exists.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name has
+     * @memberOf Hash
+     * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
+     */
+    function hashHas(key) {
+      var data = this.__data__;
+      return nativeCreate ? data[key] !== undefined : hasOwnProperty.call(data, key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the hash `key` to `value`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name set
+     * @memberOf Hash
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.
+     * @param {*} value The value to set.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the hash instance.
+     */
+    function hashSet(key, value) {
+      var data = this.__data__;
+      data[key] = (nativeCreate && value === undefined) ? HASH_UNDEFINED : value;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // Add methods to `Hash`.
+    Hash.prototype.clear = hashClear;
+    Hash.prototype['delete'] = hashDelete;
+    Hash.prototype.get = hashGet;
+    Hash.prototype.has = hashHas;
+    Hash.prototype.set = hashSet;
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an list cache object.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @constructor
+     * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.
+     */
+    function ListCache(entries) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = entries ? entries.length : 0;
+
+      this.clear();
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var entry = entries[index];
+        this.set(entry[0], entry[1]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all key-value entries from the list cache.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name clear
+     * @memberOf ListCache
+     */
+    function listCacheClear() {
+      this.__data__ = [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes `key` and its value from the list cache.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name delete
+     * @memberOf ListCache
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.
+     */
+    function listCacheDelete(key) {
+      var data = this.__data__,
+          index = assocIndexOf(data, key);
+
+      if (index < 0) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      var lastIndex = data.length - 1;
+      if (index == lastIndex) {
+        data.pop();
+      } else {
+        splice.call(data, index, 1);
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the list cache value for `key`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name get
+     * @memberOf ListCache
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.
+     */
+    function listCacheGet(key) {
+      var data = this.__data__,
+          index = assocIndexOf(data, key);
+
+      return index < 0 ? undefined : data[index][1];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if a list cache value for `key` exists.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name has
+     * @memberOf ListCache
+     * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
+     */
+    function listCacheHas(key) {
+      return assocIndexOf(this.__data__, key) > -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the list cache `key` to `value`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name set
+     * @memberOf ListCache
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.
+     * @param {*} value The value to set.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the list cache instance.
+     */
+    function listCacheSet(key, value) {
+      var data = this.__data__,
+          index = assocIndexOf(data, key);
+
+      if (index < 0) {
+        data.push([key, value]);
+      } else {
+        data[index][1] = value;
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // Add methods to `ListCache`.
+    ListCache.prototype.clear = listCacheClear;
+    ListCache.prototype['delete'] = listCacheDelete;
+    ListCache.prototype.get = listCacheGet;
+    ListCache.prototype.has = listCacheHas;
+    ListCache.prototype.set = listCacheSet;
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a map cache object to store key-value pairs.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @constructor
+     * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.
+     */
+    function MapCache(entries) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = entries ? entries.length : 0;
+
+      this.clear();
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var entry = entries[index];
+        this.set(entry[0], entry[1]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all key-value entries from the map.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name clear
+     * @memberOf MapCache
+     */
+    function mapCacheClear() {
+      this.__data__ = {
+        'hash': new Hash,
+        'map': new (Map || ListCache),
+        'string': new Hash
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes `key` and its value from the map.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name delete
+     * @memberOf MapCache
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.
+     */
+    function mapCacheDelete(key) {
+      return getMapData(this, key)['delete'](key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the map value for `key`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name get
+     * @memberOf MapCache
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.
+     */
+    function mapCacheGet(key) {
+      return getMapData(this, key).get(key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if a map value for `key` exists.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name has
+     * @memberOf MapCache
+     * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
+     */
+    function mapCacheHas(key) {
+      return getMapData(this, key).has(key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the map `key` to `value`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name set
+     * @memberOf MapCache
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.
+     * @param {*} value The value to set.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the map cache instance.
+     */
+    function mapCacheSet(key, value) {
+      getMapData(this, key).set(key, value);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // Add methods to `MapCache`.
+    MapCache.prototype.clear = mapCacheClear;
+    MapCache.prototype['delete'] = mapCacheDelete;
+    MapCache.prototype.get = mapCacheGet;
+    MapCache.prototype.has = mapCacheHas;
+    MapCache.prototype.set = mapCacheSet;
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     *
+     * Creates an array cache object to store unique values.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @constructor
+     * @param {Array} [values] The values to cache.
+     */
+    function SetCache(values) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = values ? values.length : 0;
+
+      this.__data__ = new MapCache;
+      while (++index < length) {
+        this.add(values[index]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds `value` to the array cache.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name add
+     * @memberOf SetCache
+     * @alias push
+     * @param {*} value The value to cache.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the cache instance.
+     */
+    function setCacheAdd(value) {
+      this.__data__.set(value, HASH_UNDEFINED);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is in the array cache.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name has
+     * @memberOf SetCache
+     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+     * @returns {number} Returns `true` if `value` is found, else `false`.
+     */
+    function setCacheHas(value) {
+      return this.__data__.has(value);
+    }
+
+    // Add methods to `SetCache`.
+    SetCache.prototype.add = SetCache.prototype.push = setCacheAdd;
+    SetCache.prototype.has = setCacheHas;
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a stack cache object to store key-value pairs.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @constructor
+     * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.
+     */
+    function Stack(entries) {
+      this.__data__ = new ListCache(entries);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all key-value entries from the stack.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name clear
+     * @memberOf Stack
+     */
+    function stackClear() {
+      this.__data__ = new ListCache;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes `key` and its value from the stack.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name delete
+     * @memberOf Stack
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.
+     */
+    function stackDelete(key) {
+      return this.__data__['delete'](key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the stack value for `key`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name get
+     * @memberOf Stack
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.
+     */
+    function stackGet(key) {
+      return this.__data__.get(key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if a stack value for `key` exists.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name has
+     * @memberOf Stack
+     * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
+     */
+    function stackHas(key) {
+      return this.__data__.has(key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the stack `key` to `value`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @name set
+     * @memberOf Stack
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.
+     * @param {*} value The value to set.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the stack cache instance.
+     */
+    function stackSet(key, value) {
+      var cache = this.__data__;
+      if (cache instanceof ListCache) {
+        var pairs = cache.__data__;
+        if (!Map || (pairs.length < LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE - 1)) {
+          pairs.push([key, value]);
+          return this;
+        }
+        cache = this.__data__ = new MapCache(pairs);
+      }
+      cache.set(key, value);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // Add methods to `Stack`.
+    Stack.prototype.clear = stackClear;
+    Stack.prototype['delete'] = stackDelete;
+    Stack.prototype.get = stackGet;
+    Stack.prototype.has = stackHas;
+    Stack.prototype.set = stackSet;
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Used by `_.defaults` to customize its `_.assignIn` use.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} objValue The destination value.
+     * @param {*} srcValue The source value.
+     * @param {string} key The key of the property to assign.
+     * @param {Object} object The parent object of `objValue`.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the value to assign.
+     */
+    function assignInDefaults(objValue, srcValue, key, object) {
+      if (objValue === undefined ||
+          (eq(objValue, objectProto[key]) && !hasOwnProperty.call(object, key))) {
+        return srcValue;
+      }
+      return objValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function is like `assignValue` except that it doesn't assign
+     * `undefined` values.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
+     * @param {string} key The key of the property to assign.
+     * @param {*} value The value to assign.
+     */
+    function assignMergeValue(object, key, value) {
+      if ((value !== undefined && !eq(object[key], value)) ||
+          (typeof key == 'number' && value === undefined && !(key in object))) {
+        object[key] = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns `value` to `key` of `object` if the existing value is not equivalent
+     * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
+     * @param {string} key The key of the property to assign.
+     * @param {*} value The value to assign.
+     */
+    function assignValue(object, key, value) {
+      var objValue = object[key];
+      if (!(hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) && eq(objValue, value)) ||
+          (value === undefined && !(key in object))) {
+        object[key] = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the index at which the `key` is found in `array` of key-value pairs.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+     * @param {*} key The key to search for.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
+     */
+    function assocIndexOf(array, key) {
+      var length = array.length;
+      while (length--) {
+        if (eq(array[length][0], key)) {
+          return length;
+        }
+      }
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Aggregates elements of `collection` on `accumulator` with keys transformed
+     * by `iteratee` and values set by `setter`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} setter The function to set `accumulator` values.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The iteratee to transform keys.
+     * @param {Object} accumulator The initial aggregated object.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns `accumulator`.
+     */
+    function baseAggregator(collection, setter, iteratee, accumulator) {
+      baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+        setter(accumulator, value, iteratee(value), collection);
+      });
+      return accumulator;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.assign` without support for multiple sources
+     * or `customizer` functions.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {Object} source The source object.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+    function baseAssign(object, source) {
+      return object && copyObject(source, keys(source), object);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.at` without support for individual paths.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {string[]} paths The property paths of elements to pick.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the picked elements.
+     */
+    function baseAt(object, paths) {
+      var index = -1,
+          isNil = object == null,
+          length = paths.length,
+          result = Array(length);
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        result[index] = isNil ? undefined : get(object, paths[index]);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.clamp` which doesn't coerce arguments.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {number} number The number to clamp.
+     * @param {number} [lower] The lower bound.
+     * @param {number} upper The upper bound.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the clamped number.
+     */
+    function baseClamp(number, lower, upper) {
+      if (number === number) {
+        if (upper !== undefined) {
+          number = number <= upper ? number : upper;
+        }
+        if (lower !== undefined) {
+          number = number >= lower ? number : lower;
+        }
+      }
+      return number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.clone` and `_.cloneDeep` which tracks
+     * traversed objects.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to clone.
+     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
+     * @param {boolean} [isFull] Specify a clone including symbols.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning.
+     * @param {string} [key] The key of `value`.
+     * @param {Object} [object] The parent object of `value`.
+     * @param {Object} [stack] Tracks traversed objects and their clone counterparts.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
+     */
+    function baseClone(value, isDeep, isFull, customizer, key, object, stack) {
+      var result;
+      if (customizer) {
+        result = object ? customizer(value, key, object, stack) : customizer(value);
+      }
+      if (result !== undefined) {
+        return result;
+      }
+      if (!isObject(value)) {
+        return value;
+      }
+      var isArr = isArray(value);
+      if (isArr) {
+        result = initCloneArray(value);
+        if (!isDeep) {
+          return copyArray(value, result);
+        }
+      } else {
+        var tag = getTag(value),
+            isFunc = tag == funcTag || tag == genTag;
+
+        if (isBuffer(value)) {
+          return cloneBuffer(value, isDeep);
+        }
+        if (tag == objectTag || tag == argsTag || (isFunc && !object)) {
+          if (isHostObject(value)) {
+            return object ? value : {};
+          }
+          result = initCloneObject(isFunc ? {} : value);
+          if (!isDeep) {
+            return copySymbols(value, baseAssign(result, value));
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (!cloneableTags[tag]) {
+            return object ? value : {};
+          }
+          result = initCloneByTag(value, tag, baseClone, isDeep);
+        }
+      }
+      // Check for circular references and return its corresponding clone.
+      stack || (stack = new Stack);
+      var stacked = stack.get(value);
+      if (stacked) {
+        return stacked;
+      }
+      stack.set(value, result);
+
+      if (!isArr) {
+        var props = isFull ? getAllKeys(value) : keys(value);
+      }
+      arrayEach(props || value, function(subValue, key) {
+        if (props) {
+          key = subValue;
+          subValue = value[key];
+        }
+        // Recursively populate clone (susceptible to call stack limits).
+        assignValue(result, key, baseClone(subValue, isDeep, isFull, customizer, key, value, stack));
+      });
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.conforms` which doesn't clone `source`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} source The object of property predicates to conform to.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.
+     */
+    function baseConforms(source) {
+      var props = keys(source);
+      return function(object) {
+        return baseConformsTo(object, source, props);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.conformsTo` which accepts `props` to check.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+     * @param {Object} source The object of property predicates to conform to.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` conforms, else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseConformsTo(object, source, props) {
+      var length = props.length;
+      if (object == null) {
+        return !length;
+      }
+      var index = length;
+      while (index--) {
+        var key = props[index],
+            predicate = source[key],
+            value = object[key];
+
+        if ((value === undefined &&
+            !(key in Object(object))) || !predicate(value)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.create` without support for assigning
+     * properties to the created object.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     */
+    function baseCreate(proto) {
+      return isObject(proto) ? objectCreate(proto) : {};
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.delay` and `_.defer` which accepts `args`
+     * to provide to `func`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
+     * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay invocation.
+     * @param {Array} args The arguments to provide to `func`.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
+     */
+    function baseDelay(func, wait, args) {
+      if (typeof func != 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+      }
+      return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, wait);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of methods like `_.difference` without support
+     * for excluding multiple arrays or iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {Array} values The values to exclude.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
+     */
+    function baseDifference(array, values, iteratee, comparator) {
+      var index = -1,
+          includes = arrayIncludes,
+          isCommon = true,
+          length = array.length,
+          result = [],
+          valuesLength = values.length;
+
+      if (!length) {
+        return result;
+      }
+      if (iteratee) {
+        values = arrayMap(values, baseUnary(iteratee));
+      }
+      if (comparator) {
+        includes = arrayIncludesWith;
+        isCommon = false;
+      }
+      else if (values.length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE) {
+        includes = cacheHas;
+        isCommon = false;
+        values = new SetCache(values);
+      }
+      outer:
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var value = array[index],
+            computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value;
+
+        value = (comparator || value !== 0) ? value : 0;
+        if (isCommon && computed === computed) {
+          var valuesIndex = valuesLength;
+          while (valuesIndex--) {
+            if (values[valuesIndex] === computed) {
+              continue outer;
+            }
+          }
+          result.push(value);
+        }
+        else if (!includes(values, computed, comparator)) {
+          result.push(value);
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.forEach` without support for iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array|Object} Returns `collection`.
+     */
+    var baseEach = createBaseEach(baseForOwn);
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.forEachRight` without support for iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array|Object} Returns `collection`.
+     */
+    var baseEachRight = createBaseEach(baseForOwnRight, true);
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.every` without support for iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,
+     *  else `false`
+     */
+    function baseEvery(collection, predicate) {
+      var result = true;
+      baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+        result = !!predicate(value, index, collection);
+        return result;
+      });
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of methods like `_.max` and `_.min` which accepts a
+     * `comparator` to determine the extremum value.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The iteratee invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {Function} comparator The comparator used to compare values.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the extremum value.
+     */
+    function baseExtremum(array, iteratee, comparator) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = array.length;
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var value = array[index],
+            current = iteratee(value);
+
+        if (current != null && (computed === undefined
+              ? (current === current && !isSymbol(current))
+              : comparator(current, computed)
+            )) {
+          var computed = current,
+              result = value;
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.fill` without an iteratee call guard.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to fill.
+     * @param {*} value The value to fill `array` with.
+     * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
+     * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     */
+    function baseFill(array, value, start, end) {
+      var length = array.length;
+
+      start = toInteger(start);
+      if (start < 0) {
+        start = -start > length ? 0 : (length + start);
+      }
+      end = (end === undefined || end > length) ? length : toInteger(end);
+      if (end < 0) {
+        end += length;
+      }
+      end = start > end ? 0 : toLength(end);
+      while (start < end) {
+        array[start++] = value;
+      }
+      return array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.filter` without support for iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
+     */
+    function baseFilter(collection, predicate) {
+      var result = [];
+      baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+        if (predicate(value, index, collection)) {
+          result.push(value);
+        }
+      });
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.flatten` with support for restricting flattening.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
+     * @param {number} depth The maximum recursion depth.
+     * @param {boolean} [predicate=isFlattenable] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {boolean} [isStrict] Restrict to values that pass `predicate` checks.
+     * @param {Array} [result=[]] The initial result value.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
+     */
+    function baseFlatten(array, depth, predicate, isStrict, result) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = array.length;
+
+      predicate || (predicate = isFlattenable);
+      result || (result = []);
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var value = array[index];
+        if (depth > 0 && predicate(value)) {
+          if (depth > 1) {
+            // Recursively flatten arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
+            baseFlatten(value, depth - 1, predicate, isStrict, result);
+          } else {
+            arrayPush(result, value);
+          }
+        } else if (!isStrict) {
+          result[result.length] = value;
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `baseForOwn` which iterates over `object`
+     * properties returned by `keysFunc` and invokes `iteratee` for each property.
+     * Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+    var baseFor = createBaseFor();
+
+    /**
+     * This function is like `baseFor` except that it iterates over properties
+     * in the opposite order.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+    var baseForRight = createBaseFor(true);
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.forOwn` without support for iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+    function baseForOwn(object, iteratee) {
+      return object && baseFor(object, iteratee, keys);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.forOwnRight` without support for iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+    function baseForOwnRight(object, iteratee) {
+      return object && baseForRight(object, iteratee, keys);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.functions` which creates an array of
+     * `object` function property names filtered from `props`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+     * @param {Array} props The property names to filter.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the function names.
+     */
+    function baseFunctions(object, props) {
+      return arrayFilter(props, function(key) {
+        return isFunction(object[key]);
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.get` without support for default values.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
+     */
+    function baseGet(object, path) {
+      path = isKey(path, object) ? [path] : castPath(path);
+
+      var index = 0,
+          length = path.length;
+
+      while (object != null && index < length) {
+        object = object[toKey(path[index++])];
+      }
+      return (index && index == length) ? object : undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `getAllKeys` and `getAllKeysIn` which uses
+     * `keysFunc` and `symbolsFunc` to get the enumerable property names and
+     * symbols of `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
+     * @param {Function} symbolsFunc The function to get the symbols of `object`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names and symbols.
+     */
+    function baseGetAllKeys(object, keysFunc, symbolsFunc) {
+      var result = keysFunc(object);
+      return isArray(object) ? result : arrayPush(result, symbolsFunc(object));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `getTag`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to query.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the `toStringTag`.
+     */
+    function baseGetTag(value) {
+      return objectToString.call(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.gt` which doesn't coerce arguments.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is greater than `other`,
+     *  else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseGt(value, other) {
+      return value > other;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.has` without support for deep paths.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} [object] The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} key The key to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `key` exists, else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseHas(object, key) {
+      // Avoid a bug in IE 10-11 where objects with a [[Prototype]] of `null`,
+      // that are composed entirely of index properties, return `false` for
+      // `hasOwnProperty` checks of them.
+      return object != null &&
+        (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) ||
+          (typeof object == 'object' && key in object && getPrototype(object) === null));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.hasIn` without support for deep paths.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} [object] The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} key The key to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `key` exists, else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseHasIn(object, key) {
+      return object != null && key in Object(object);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.inRange` which doesn't coerce arguments.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {number} number The number to check.
+     * @param {number} start The start of the range.
+     * @param {number} end The end of the range.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `number` is in the range, else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseInRange(number, start, end) {
+      return number >= nativeMin(start, end) && number < nativeMax(start, end);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of methods like `_.intersection`, without support
+     * for iteratee shorthands, that accepts an array of arrays to inspect.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} arrays The arrays to inspect.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of shared values.
+     */
+    function baseIntersection(arrays, iteratee, comparator) {
+      var includes = comparator ? arrayIncludesWith : arrayIncludes,
+          length = arrays[0].length,
+          othLength = arrays.length,
+          othIndex = othLength,
+          caches = Array(othLength),
+          maxLength = Infinity,
+          result = [];
+
+      while (othIndex--) {
+        var array = arrays[othIndex];
+        if (othIndex && iteratee) {
+          array = arrayMap(array, baseUnary(iteratee));
+        }
+        maxLength = nativeMin(array.length, maxLength);
+        caches[othIndex] = !comparator && (iteratee || (length >= 120 && array.length >= 120))
+          ? new SetCache(othIndex && array)
+          : undefined;
+      }
+      array = arrays[0];
+
+      var index = -1,
+          seen = caches[0];
+
+      outer:
+      while (++index < length && result.length < maxLength) {
+        var value = array[index],
+            computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value;
+
+        value = (comparator || value !== 0) ? value : 0;
+        if (!(seen
+              ? cacheHas(seen, computed)
+              : includes(result, computed, comparator)
+            )) {
+          othIndex = othLength;
+          while (--othIndex) {
+            var cache = caches[othIndex];
+            if (!(cache
+                  ? cacheHas(cache, computed)
+                  : includes(arrays[othIndex], computed, comparator))
+                ) {
+              continue outer;
+            }
+          }
+          if (seen) {
+            seen.push(computed);
+          }
+          result.push(value);
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.invert` and `_.invertBy` which inverts
+     * `object` with values transformed by `iteratee` and set by `setter`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} setter The function to set `accumulator` values.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The iteratee to transform values.
+     * @param {Object} accumulator The initial inverted object.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns `accumulator`.
+     */
+    function baseInverter(object, setter, iteratee, accumulator) {
+      baseForOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {
+        setter(accumulator, iteratee(value), key, object);
+      });
+      return accumulator;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.invoke` without support for individual
+     * method arguments.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the method to invoke.
+     * @param {Array} args The arguments to invoke the method with.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the result of the invoked method.
+     */
+    function baseInvoke(object, path, args) {
+      if (!isKey(path, object)) {
+        path = castPath(path);
+        object = parent(object, path);
+        path = last(path);
+      }
+      var func = object == null ? object : object[toKey(path)];
+      return func == null ? undefined : apply(func, object, args);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.isArrayBuffer` without Node.js optimizations.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an array buffer, else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseIsArrayBuffer(value) {
+      return isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == arrayBufferTag;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.isDate` without Node.js optimizations.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a date object, else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseIsDate(value) {
+      return isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == dateTag;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.isEqual` which supports partial comparisons
+     * and tracks traversed objects.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
+     * @param {boolean} [bitmask] The bitmask of comparison flags.
+     *  The bitmask may be composed of the following flags:
+     *     1 - Unordered comparison
+     *     2 - Partial comparison
+     * @param {Object} [stack] Tracks traversed `value` and `other` objects.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseIsEqual(value, other, customizer, bitmask, stack) {
+      if (value === other) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (value == null || other == null || (!isObject(value) && !isObjectLike(other))) {
+        return value !== value && other !== other;
+      }
+      return baseIsEqualDeep(value, other, baseIsEqual, customizer, bitmask, stack);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A specialized version of `baseIsEqual` for arrays and objects which performs
+     * deep comparisons and tracks traversed objects enabling objects with circular
+     * references to be compared.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
+     * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
+     * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
+     * @param {number} [bitmask] The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual`
+     *  for more details.
+     * @param {Object} [stack] Tracks traversed `object` and `other` objects.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseIsEqualDeep(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack) {
+      var objIsArr = isArray(object),
+          othIsArr = isArray(other),
+          objTag = arrayTag,
+          othTag = arrayTag;
+
+      if (!objIsArr) {
+        objTag = getTag(object);
+        objTag = objTag == argsTag ? objectTag : objTag;
+      }
+      if (!othIsArr) {
+        othTag = getTag(other);
+        othTag = othTag == argsTag ? objectTag : othTag;
+      }
+      var objIsObj = objTag == objectTag && !isHostObject(object),
+          othIsObj = othTag == objectTag && !isHostObject(other),
+          isSameTag = objTag == othTag;
+
+      if (isSameTag && !objIsObj) {
+        stack || (stack = new Stack);
+        return (objIsArr || isTypedArray(object))
+          ? equalArrays(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack)
+          : equalByTag(object, other, objTag, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack);
+      }
+      if (!(bitmask & PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG)) {
+        var objIsWrapped = objIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(object, '__wrapped__'),
+            othIsWrapped = othIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(other, '__wrapped__');
+
+        if (objIsWrapped || othIsWrapped) {
+          var objUnwrapped = objIsWrapped ? object.value() : object,
+              othUnwrapped = othIsWrapped ? other.value() : other;
+
+          stack || (stack = new Stack);
+          return equalFunc(objUnwrapped, othUnwrapped, customizer, bitmask, stack);
+        }
+      }
+      if (!isSameTag) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      stack || (stack = new Stack);
+      return equalObjects(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.isMap` without Node.js optimizations.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a map, else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseIsMap(value) {
+      return isObjectLike(value) && getTag(value) == mapTag;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.isMatch` without support for iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+     * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
+     * @param {Array} matchData The property names, values, and compare flags to match.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` is a match, else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseIsMatch(object, source, matchData, customizer) {
+      var index = matchData.length,
+          length = index,
+          noCustomizer = !customizer;
+
+      if (object == null) {
+        return !length;
+      }
+      object = Object(object);
+      while (index--) {
+        var data = matchData[index];
+        if ((noCustomizer && data[2])
+              ? data[1] !== object[data[0]]
+              : !(data[0] in object)
+            ) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      while (++index < length) {
+        data = matchData[index];
+        var key = data[0],
+            objValue = object[key],
+            srcValue = data[1];
+
+        if (noCustomizer && data[2]) {
+          if (objValue === undefined && !(key in object)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        } else {
+          var stack = new Stack;
+          if (customizer) {
+            var result = customizer(objValue, srcValue, key, object, source, stack);
+          }
+          if (!(result === undefined
+                ? baseIsEqual(srcValue, objValue, customizer, UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG | PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG, stack)
+                : result
+              )) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.isNative` without bad shim checks.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a native function,
+     *  else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseIsNative(value) {
+      if (!isObject(value) || isMasked(value)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      var pattern = (isFunction(value) || isHostObject(value)) ? reIsNative : reIsHostCtor;
+      return pattern.test(toSource(value));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.isRegExp` without Node.js optimizations.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a regexp, else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseIsRegExp(value) {
+      return isObject(value) && objectToString.call(value) == regexpTag;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.isSet` without Node.js optimizations.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a set, else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseIsSet(value) {
+      return isObjectLike(value) && getTag(value) == setTag;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.isTypedArray` without Node.js optimizations.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a typed array, else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseIsTypedArray(value) {
+      return isObjectLike(value) &&
+        isLength(value.length) && !!typedArrayTags[objectToString.call(value)];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.iteratee`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} [value=_.identity] The value to convert to an iteratee.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the iteratee.
+     */
+    function baseIteratee(value) {
+      // Don't store the `typeof` result in a variable to avoid a JIT bug in Safari 9.
+      // See https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=156034 for more details.
+      if (typeof value == 'function') {
+        return value;
+      }
+      if (value == null) {
+        return identity;
+      }
+      if (typeof value == 'object') {
+        return isArray(value)
+          ? baseMatchesProperty(value[0], value[1])
+          : baseMatches(value);
+      }
+      return property(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.keys` which doesn't skip the constructor
+     * property of prototypes or treat sparse arrays as dense.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
+     */
+    var baseKeys = overArg(nativeKeys, Object);
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.keysIn` which doesn't skip the constructor
+     * property of prototypes or treat sparse arrays as dense.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
+     */
+    function baseKeysIn(object) {
+      object = object == null ? object : Object(object);
+
+      var result = [];
+      for (var key in object) {
+        result.push(key);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    // Fallback for IE < 9 with es6-shim.
+    if (enumerate && !propertyIsEnumerable.call({ 'valueOf': 1 }, 'valueOf')) {
+      baseKeysIn = function(object) {
+        return iteratorToArray(enumerate(object));
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.lt` which doesn't coerce arguments.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is less than `other`,
+     *  else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseLt(value, other) {
+      return value < other;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.map` without support for iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
+     */
+    function baseMap(collection, iteratee) {
+      var index = -1,
+          result = isArrayLike(collection) ? Array(collection.length) : [];
+
+      baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+        result[++index] = iteratee(value, key, collection);
+      });
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.matches` which doesn't clone `source`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.
+     */
+    function baseMatches(source) {
+      var matchData = getMatchData(source);
+      if (matchData.length == 1 && matchData[0][2]) {
+        return matchesStrictComparable(matchData[0][0], matchData[0][1]);
+      }
+      return function(object) {
+        return object === source || baseIsMatch(object, source, matchData);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.matchesProperty` which doesn't clone `srcValue`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} path The path of the property to get.
+     * @param {*} srcValue The value to match.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.
+     */
+    function baseMatchesProperty(path, srcValue) {
+      if (isKey(path) && isStrictComparable(srcValue)) {
+        return matchesStrictComparable(toKey(path), srcValue);
+      }
+      return function(object) {
+        var objValue = get(object, path);
+        return (objValue === undefined && objValue === srcValue)
+          ? hasIn(object, path)
+          : baseIsEqual(srcValue, objValue, undefined, UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG | PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.merge` without support for multiple sources.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {Object} source The source object.
+     * @param {number} srcIndex The index of `source`.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize merged values.
+     * @param {Object} [stack] Tracks traversed source values and their merged
+     *  counterparts.
+     */
+    function baseMerge(object, source, srcIndex, customizer, stack) {
+      if (object === source) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (!(isArray(source) || isTypedArray(source))) {
+        var props = keysIn(source);
+      }
+      arrayEach(props || source, function(srcValue, key) {
+        if (props) {
+          key = srcValue;
+          srcValue = source[key];
+        }
+        if (isObject(srcValue)) {
+          stack || (stack = new Stack);
+          baseMergeDeep(object, source, key, srcIndex, baseMerge, customizer, stack);
+        }
+        else {
+          var newValue = customizer
+            ? customizer(object[key], srcValue, (key + ''), object, source, stack)
+            : undefined;
+
+          if (newValue === undefined) {
+            newValue = srcValue;
+          }
+          assignMergeValue(object, key, newValue);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A specialized version of `baseMerge` for arrays and objects which performs
+     * deep merges and tracks traversed objects enabling objects with circular
+     * references to be merged.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {Object} source The source object.
+     * @param {string} key The key of the value to merge.
+     * @param {number} srcIndex The index of `source`.
+     * @param {Function} mergeFunc The function to merge values.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigned values.
+     * @param {Object} [stack] Tracks traversed source values and their merged
+     *  counterparts.
+     */
+    function baseMergeDeep(object, source, key, srcIndex, mergeFunc, customizer, stack) {
+      var objValue = object[key],
+          srcValue = source[key],
+          stacked = stack.get(srcValue);
+
+      if (stacked) {
+        assignMergeValue(object, key, stacked);
+        return;
+      }
+      var newValue = customizer
+        ? customizer(objValue, srcValue, (key + ''), object, source, stack)
+        : undefined;
+
+      var isCommon = newValue === undefined;
+
+      if (isCommon) {
+        newValue = srcValue;
+        if (isArray(srcValue) || isTypedArray(srcValue)) {
+          if (isArray(objValue)) {
+            newValue = objValue;
+          }
+          else if (isArrayLikeObject(objValue)) {
+            newValue = copyArray(objValue);
+          }
+          else {
+            isCommon = false;
+            newValue = baseClone(srcValue, true);
+          }
+        }
+        else if (isPlainObject(srcValue) || isArguments(srcValue)) {
+          if (isArguments(objValue)) {
+            newValue = toPlainObject(objValue);
+          }
+          else if (!isObject(objValue) || (srcIndex && isFunction(objValue))) {
+            isCommon = false;
+            newValue = baseClone(srcValue, true);
+          }
+          else {
+            newValue = objValue;
+          }
+        }
+        else {
+          isCommon = false;
+        }
+      }
+      if (isCommon) {
+        // Recursively merge objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
+        stack.set(srcValue, newValue);
+        mergeFunc(newValue, srcValue, srcIndex, customizer, stack);
+        stack['delete'](srcValue);
+      }
+      assignMergeValue(object, key, newValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.nth` which doesn't coerce arguments.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {number} n The index of the element to return.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the nth element of `array`.
+     */
+    function baseNth(array, n) {
+      var length = array.length;
+      if (!length) {
+        return;
+      }
+      n += n < 0 ? length : 0;
+      return isIndex(n, length) ? array[n] : undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.orderBy` without param guards.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function[]|Object[]|string[]} iteratees The iteratees to sort by.
+     * @param {string[]} orders The sort orders of `iteratees`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
+     */
+    function baseOrderBy(collection, iteratees, orders) {
+      var index = -1;
+      iteratees = arrayMap(iteratees.length ? iteratees : [identity], baseUnary(getIteratee()));
+
+      var result = baseMap(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+        var criteria = arrayMap(iteratees, function(iteratee) {
+          return iteratee(value);
+        });
+        return { 'criteria': criteria, 'index': ++index, 'value': value };
+      });
+
+      return baseSortBy(result, function(object, other) {
+        return compareMultiple(object, other, orders);
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.pick` without support for individual
+     * property identifiers.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The source object.
+     * @param {string[]} props The property identifiers to pick.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     */
+    function basePick(object, props) {
+      object = Object(object);
+      return basePickBy(object, props, function(value, key) {
+        return key in object;
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of  `_.pickBy` without support for iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The source object.
+     * @param {string[]} props The property identifiers to pick from.
+     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per property.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     */
+    function basePickBy(object, props, predicate) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = props.length,
+          result = {};
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var key = props[index],
+            value = object[key];
+
+        if (predicate(value, key)) {
+          result[key] = value;
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A specialized version of `baseProperty` which supports deep paths.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.
+     */
+    function basePropertyDeep(path) {
+      return function(object) {
+        return baseGet(object, path);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.pullAllBy` without support for iteratee
+     * shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+     * @param {Array} values The values to remove.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     */
+    function basePullAll(array, values, iteratee, comparator) {
+      var indexOf = comparator ? baseIndexOfWith : baseIndexOf,
+          index = -1,
+          length = values.length,
+          seen = array;
+
+      if (array === values) {
+        values = copyArray(values);
+      }
+      if (iteratee) {
+        seen = arrayMap(array, baseUnary(iteratee));
+      }
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var fromIndex = 0,
+            value = values[index],
+            computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value;
+
+        while ((fromIndex = indexOf(seen, computed, fromIndex, comparator)) > -1) {
+          if (seen !== array) {
+            splice.call(seen, fromIndex, 1);
+          }
+          splice.call(array, fromIndex, 1);
+        }
+      }
+      return array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.pullAt` without support for individual
+     * indexes or capturing the removed elements.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+     * @param {number[]} indexes The indexes of elements to remove.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     */
+    function basePullAt(array, indexes) {
+      var length = array ? indexes.length : 0,
+          lastIndex = length - 1;
+
+      while (length--) {
+        var index = indexes[length];
+        if (length == lastIndex || index !== previous) {
+          var previous = index;
+          if (isIndex(index)) {
+            splice.call(array, index, 1);
+          }
+          else if (!isKey(index, array)) {
+            var path = castPath(index),
+                object = parent(array, path);
+
+            if (object != null) {
+              delete object[toKey(last(path))];
+            }
+          }
+          else {
+            delete array[toKey(index)];
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.random` without support for returning
+     * floating-point numbers.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {number} lower The lower bound.
+     * @param {number} upper The upper bound.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the random number.
+     */
+    function baseRandom(lower, upper) {
+      return lower + nativeFloor(nativeRandom() * (upper - lower + 1));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.range` and `_.rangeRight` which doesn't
+     * coerce arguments.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {number} start The start of the range.
+     * @param {number} end The end of the range.
+     * @param {number} step The value to increment or decrement by.
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the range of numbers.
+     */
+    function baseRange(start, end, step, fromRight) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = nativeMax(nativeCeil((end - start) / (step || 1)), 0),
+          result = Array(length);
+
+      while (length--) {
+        result[fromRight ? length : ++index] = start;
+        start += step;
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.repeat` which doesn't coerce arguments.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} string The string to repeat.
+     * @param {number} n The number of times to repeat the string.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the repeated string.
+     */
+    function baseRepeat(string, n) {
+      var result = '';
+      if (!string || n < 1 || n > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) {
+        return result;
+      }
+      // Leverage the exponentiation by squaring algorithm for a faster repeat.
+      // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation_by_squaring for more details.
+      do {
+        if (n % 2) {
+          result += string;
+        }
+        n = nativeFloor(n / 2);
+        if (n) {
+          string += string;
+        }
+      } while (n);
+
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.rest` which doesn't validate or coerce arguments.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to apply a rest parameter to.
+     * @param {number} [start=func.length-1] The start position of the rest parameter.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     */
+    function baseRest(func, start) {
+      start = nativeMax(start === undefined ? (func.length - 1) : start, 0);
+      return function() {
+        var args = arguments,
+            index = -1,
+            length = nativeMax(args.length - start, 0),
+            array = Array(length);
+
+        while (++index < length) {
+          array[index] = args[start + index];
+        }
+        index = -1;
+        var otherArgs = Array(start + 1);
+        while (++index < start) {
+          otherArgs[index] = args[index];
+        }
+        otherArgs[start] = array;
+        return apply(func, this, otherArgs);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.set`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to set.
+     * @param {*} value The value to set.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize path creation.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+    function baseSet(object, path, value, customizer) {
+      path = isKey(path, object) ? [path] : castPath(path);
+
+      var index = -1,
+          length = path.length,
+          lastIndex = length - 1,
+          nested = object;
+
+      while (nested != null && ++index < length) {
+        var key = toKey(path[index]);
+        if (isObject(nested)) {
+          var newValue = value;
+          if (index != lastIndex) {
+            var objValue = nested[key];
+            newValue = customizer ? customizer(objValue, key, nested) : undefined;
+            if (newValue === undefined) {
+              newValue = objValue == null
+                ? (isIndex(path[index + 1]) ? [] : {})
+                : objValue;
+            }
+          }
+          assignValue(nested, key, newValue);
+        }
+        nested = nested[key];
+      }
+      return object;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `setData` without support for hot loop detection.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to associate metadata with.
+     * @param {*} data The metadata.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.
+     */
+    var baseSetData = !metaMap ? identity : function(func, data) {
+      metaMap.set(func, data);
+      return func;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.slice` without an iteratee call guard.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to slice.
+     * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
+     * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     */
+    function baseSlice(array, start, end) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = array.length;
+
+      if (start < 0) {
+        start = -start > length ? 0 : (length + start);
+      }
+      end = end > length ? length : end;
+      if (end < 0) {
+        end += length;
+      }
+      length = start > end ? 0 : ((end - start) >>> 0);
+      start >>>= 0;
+
+      var result = Array(length);
+      while (++index < length) {
+        result[index] = array[index + start];
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.some` without support for iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,
+     *  else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseSome(collection, predicate) {
+      var result;
+
+      baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+        result = predicate(value, index, collection);
+        return !result;
+      });
+      return !!result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.sortedIndex` and `_.sortedLastIndex` which
+     * performs a binary search of `array` to determine the index at which `value`
+     * should be inserted into `array` in order to maintain its sort order.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
+     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
+     * @param {boolean} [retHighest] Specify returning the highest qualified index.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
+     *  into `array`.
+     */
+    function baseSortedIndex(array, value, retHighest) {
+      var low = 0,
+          high = array ? array.length : low;
+
+      if (typeof value == 'number' && value === value && high <= HALF_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH) {
+        while (low < high) {
+          var mid = (low + high) >>> 1,
+              computed = array[mid];
+
+          if (computed !== null && !isSymbol(computed) &&
+              (retHighest ? (computed <= value) : (computed < value))) {
+            low = mid + 1;
+          } else {
+            high = mid;
+          }
+        }
+        return high;
+      }
+      return baseSortedIndexBy(array, value, identity, retHighest);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.sortedIndexBy` and `_.sortedLastIndexBy`
+     * which invokes `iteratee` for `value` and each element of `array` to compute
+     * their sort ranking. The iteratee is invoked with one argument; (value).
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
+     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
+     * @param {Function} iteratee The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @param {boolean} [retHighest] Specify returning the highest qualified index.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
+     *  into `array`.
+     */
+    function baseSortedIndexBy(array, value, iteratee, retHighest) {
+      value = iteratee(value);
+
+      var low = 0,
+          high = array ? array.length : 0,
+          valIsNaN = value !== value,
+          valIsNull = value === null,
+          valIsSymbol = isSymbol(value),
+          valIsUndefined = value === undefined;
+
+      while (low < high) {
+        var mid = nativeFloor((low + high) / 2),
+            computed = iteratee(array[mid]),
+            othIsDefined = computed !== undefined,
+            othIsNull = computed === null,
+            othIsReflexive = computed === computed,
+            othIsSymbol = isSymbol(computed);
+
+        if (valIsNaN) {
+          var setLow = retHighest || othIsReflexive;
+        } else if (valIsUndefined) {
+          setLow = othIsReflexive && (retHighest || othIsDefined);
+        } else if (valIsNull) {
+          setLow = othIsReflexive && othIsDefined && (retHighest || !othIsNull);
+        } else if (valIsSymbol) {
+          setLow = othIsReflexive && othIsDefined && !othIsNull && (retHighest || !othIsSymbol);
+        } else if (othIsNull || othIsSymbol) {
+          setLow = false;
+        } else {
+          setLow = retHighest ? (computed <= value) : (computed < value);
+        }
+        if (setLow) {
+          low = mid + 1;
+        } else {
+          high = mid;
+        }
+      }
+      return nativeMin(high, MAX_ARRAY_INDEX);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.sortedUniq` and `_.sortedUniqBy` without
+     * support for iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
+     */
+    function baseSortedUniq(array, iteratee) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = array.length,
+          resIndex = 0,
+          result = [];
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var value = array[index],
+            computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value;
+
+        if (!index || !eq(computed, seen)) {
+          var seen = computed;
+          result[resIndex++] = value === 0 ? 0 : value;
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.toNumber` which doesn't ensure correct
+     * conversions of binary, hexadecimal, or octal string values.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to process.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the number.
+     */
+    function baseToNumber(value) {
+      if (typeof value == 'number') {
+        return value;
+      }
+      if (isSymbol(value)) {
+        return NAN;
+      }
+      return +value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.toString` which doesn't convert nullish
+     * values to empty strings.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to process.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the string.
+     */
+    function baseToString(value) {
+      // Exit early for strings to avoid a performance hit in some environments.
+      if (typeof value == 'string') {
+        return value;
+      }
+      if (isSymbol(value)) {
+        return symbolToString ? symbolToString.call(value) : '';
+      }
+      var result = (value + '');
+      return (result == '0' && (1 / value) == -INFINITY) ? '-0' : result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.uniqBy` without support for iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
+     */
+    function baseUniq(array, iteratee, comparator) {
+      var index = -1,
+          includes = arrayIncludes,
+          length = array.length,
+          isCommon = true,
+          result = [],
+          seen = result;
+
+      if (comparator) {
+        isCommon = false;
+        includes = arrayIncludesWith;
+      }
+      else if (length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE) {
+        var set = iteratee ? null : createSet(array);
+        if (set) {
+          return setToArray(set);
+        }
+        isCommon = false;
+        includes = cacheHas;
+        seen = new SetCache;
+      }
+      else {
+        seen = iteratee ? [] : result;
+      }
+      outer:
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var value = array[index],
+            computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value;
+
+        value = (comparator || value !== 0) ? value : 0;
+        if (isCommon && computed === computed) {
+          var seenIndex = seen.length;
+          while (seenIndex--) {
+            if (seen[seenIndex] === computed) {
+              continue outer;
+            }
+          }
+          if (iteratee) {
+            seen.push(computed);
+          }
+          result.push(value);
+        }
+        else if (!includes(seen, computed, comparator)) {
+          if (seen !== result) {
+            seen.push(computed);
+          }
+          result.push(value);
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.unset`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to unset.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the property is deleted, else `false`.
+     */
+    function baseUnset(object, path) {
+      path = isKey(path, object) ? [path] : castPath(path);
+      object = parent(object, path);
+
+      var key = toKey(last(path));
+      return !(object != null && baseHas(object, key)) || delete object[key];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `_.update`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to update.
+     * @param {Function} updater The function to produce the updated value.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize path creation.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+    function baseUpdate(object, path, updater, customizer) {
+      return baseSet(object, path, updater(baseGet(object, path)), customizer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of methods like `_.dropWhile` and `_.takeWhile`
+     * without support for iteratee shorthands.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {boolean} [isDrop] Specify dropping elements instead of taking them.
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     */
+    function baseWhile(array, predicate, isDrop, fromRight) {
+      var length = array.length,
+          index = fromRight ? length : -1;
+
+      while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length) &&
+        predicate(array[index], index, array)) {}
+
+      return isDrop
+        ? baseSlice(array, (fromRight ? 0 : index), (fromRight ? index + 1 : length))
+        : baseSlice(array, (fromRight ? index + 1 : 0), (fromRight ? length : index));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of `wrapperValue` which returns the result of
+     * performing a sequence of actions on the unwrapped `value`, where each
+     * successive action is supplied the return value of the previous.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The unwrapped value.
+     * @param {Array} actions Actions to perform to resolve the unwrapped value.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
+     */
+    function baseWrapperValue(value, actions) {
+      var result = value;
+      if (result instanceof LazyWrapper) {
+        result = result.value();
+      }
+      return arrayReduce(actions, function(result, action) {
+        return action.func.apply(action.thisArg, arrayPush([result], action.args));
+      }, result);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The base implementation of methods like `_.xor`, without support for
+     * iteratee shorthands, that accepts an array of arrays to inspect.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} arrays The arrays to inspect.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of values.
+     */
+    function baseXor(arrays, iteratee, comparator) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = arrays.length;
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var result = result
+          ? arrayPush(
+              baseDifference(result, arrays[index], iteratee, comparator),
+              baseDifference(arrays[index], result, iteratee, comparator)
+            )
+          : arrays[index];
+      }
+      return (result && result.length) ? baseUniq(result, iteratee, comparator) : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This base implementation of `_.zipObject` which assigns values using `assignFunc`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} props The property identifiers.
+     * @param {Array} values The property values.
+     * @param {Function} assignFunc The function to assign values.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     */
+    function baseZipObject(props, values, assignFunc) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = props.length,
+          valsLength = values.length,
+          result = {};
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var value = index < valsLength ? values[index] : undefined;
+        assignFunc(result, props[index], value);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Casts `value` to an empty array if it's not an array like object.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to inspect.
+     * @returns {Array|Object} Returns the cast array-like object.
+     */
+    function castArrayLikeObject(value) {
+      return isArrayLikeObject(value) ? value : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Casts `value` to `identity` if it's not a function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to inspect.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns cast function.
+     */
+    function castFunction(value) {
+      return typeof value == 'function' ? value : identity;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Casts `value` to a path array if it's not one.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to inspect.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the cast property path array.
+     */
+    function castPath(value) {
+      return isArray(value) ? value : stringToPath(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Casts `array` to a slice if it's needed.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {number} start The start position.
+     * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the cast slice.
+     */
+    function castSlice(array, start, end) {
+      var length = array.length;
+      end = end === undefined ? length : end;
+      return (!start && end >= length) ? array : baseSlice(array, start, end);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a clone of  `buffer`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Buffer} buffer The buffer to clone.
+     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
+     * @returns {Buffer} Returns the cloned buffer.
+     */
+    function cloneBuffer(buffer, isDeep) {
+      if (isDeep) {
+        return buffer.slice();
+      }
+      var result = new buffer.constructor(buffer.length);
+      buffer.copy(result);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a clone of `arrayBuffer`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {ArrayBuffer} arrayBuffer The array buffer to clone.
+     * @returns {ArrayBuffer} Returns the cloned array buffer.
+     */
+    function cloneArrayBuffer(arrayBuffer) {
+      var result = new arrayBuffer.constructor(arrayBuffer.byteLength);
+      new Uint8Array(result).set(new Uint8Array(arrayBuffer));
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a clone of `dataView`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} dataView The data view to clone.
+     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned data view.
+     */
+    function cloneDataView(dataView, isDeep) {
+      var buffer = isDeep ? cloneArrayBuffer(dataView.buffer) : dataView.buffer;
+      return new dataView.constructor(buffer, dataView.byteOffset, dataView.byteLength);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a clone of `map`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} map The map to clone.
+     * @param {Function} cloneFunc The function to clone values.
+     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned map.
+     */
+    function cloneMap(map, isDeep, cloneFunc) {
+      var array = isDeep ? cloneFunc(mapToArray(map), true) : mapToArray(map);
+      return arrayReduce(array, addMapEntry, new map.constructor);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a clone of `regexp`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} regexp The regexp to clone.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned regexp.
+     */
+    function cloneRegExp(regexp) {
+      var result = new regexp.constructor(regexp.source, reFlags.exec(regexp));
+      result.lastIndex = regexp.lastIndex;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a clone of `set`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} set The set to clone.
+     * @param {Function} cloneFunc The function to clone values.
+     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned set.
+     */
+    function cloneSet(set, isDeep, cloneFunc) {
+      var array = isDeep ? cloneFunc(setToArray(set), true) : setToArray(set);
+      return arrayReduce(array, addSetEntry, new set.constructor);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a clone of the `symbol` object.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} symbol The symbol object to clone.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned symbol object.
+     */
+    function cloneSymbol(symbol) {
+      return symbolValueOf ? Object(symbolValueOf.call(symbol)) : {};
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a clone of `typedArray`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} typedArray The typed array to clone.
+     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned typed array.
+     */
+    function cloneTypedArray(typedArray, isDeep) {
+      var buffer = isDeep ? cloneArrayBuffer(typedArray.buffer) : typedArray.buffer;
+      return new typedArray.constructor(buffer, typedArray.byteOffset, typedArray.length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares values to sort them in ascending order.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `value`.
+     */
+    function compareAscending(value, other) {
+      if (value !== other) {
+        var valIsDefined = value !== undefined,
+            valIsNull = value === null,
+            valIsReflexive = value === value,
+            valIsSymbol = isSymbol(value);
+
+        var othIsDefined = other !== undefined,
+            othIsNull = other === null,
+            othIsReflexive = other === other,
+            othIsSymbol = isSymbol(other);
+
+        if ((!othIsNull && !othIsSymbol && !valIsSymbol && value > other) ||
+            (valIsSymbol && othIsDefined && othIsReflexive && !othIsNull && !othIsSymbol) ||
+            (valIsNull && othIsDefined && othIsReflexive) ||
+            (!valIsDefined && othIsReflexive) ||
+            !valIsReflexive) {
+          return 1;
+        }
+        if ((!valIsNull && !valIsSymbol && !othIsSymbol && value < other) ||
+            (othIsSymbol && valIsDefined && valIsReflexive && !valIsNull && !valIsSymbol) ||
+            (othIsNull && valIsDefined && valIsReflexive) ||
+            (!othIsDefined && valIsReflexive) ||
+            !othIsReflexive) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used by `_.orderBy` to compare multiple properties of a value to another
+     * and stable sort them.
+     *
+     * If `orders` is unspecified, all values are sorted in ascending order. Otherwise,
+     * specify an order of "desc" for descending or "asc" for ascending sort order
+     * of corresponding values.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
+     * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
+     * @param {boolean[]|string[]} orders The order to sort by for each property.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `object`.
+     */
+    function compareMultiple(object, other, orders) {
+      var index = -1,
+          objCriteria = object.criteria,
+          othCriteria = other.criteria,
+          length = objCriteria.length,
+          ordersLength = orders.length;
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var result = compareAscending(objCriteria[index], othCriteria[index]);
+        if (result) {
+          if (index >= ordersLength) {
+            return result;
+          }
+          var order = orders[index];
+          return result * (order == 'desc' ? -1 : 1);
+        }
+      }
+      // Fixes an `Array#sort` bug in the JS engine embedded in Adobe applications
+      // that causes it, under certain circumstances, to provide the same value for
+      // `object` and `other`. See https://github.com/jashkenas/underscore/pull/1247
+      // for more details.
+      //
+      // This also ensures a stable sort in V8 and other engines.
+      // See https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90 for more details.
+      return object.index - other.index;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array that is the composition of partially applied arguments,
+     * placeholders, and provided arguments into a single array of arguments.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} args The provided arguments.
+     * @param {Array} partials The arguments to prepend to those provided.
+     * @param {Array} holders The `partials` placeholder indexes.
+     * @params {boolean} [isCurried] Specify composing for a curried function.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of composed arguments.
+     */
+    function composeArgs(args, partials, holders, isCurried) {
+      var argsIndex = -1,
+          argsLength = args.length,
+          holdersLength = holders.length,
+          leftIndex = -1,
+          leftLength = partials.length,
+          rangeLength = nativeMax(argsLength - holdersLength, 0),
+          result = Array(leftLength + rangeLength),
+          isUncurried = !isCurried;
+
+      while (++leftIndex < leftLength) {
+        result[leftIndex] = partials[leftIndex];
+      }
+      while (++argsIndex < holdersLength) {
+        if (isUncurried || argsIndex < argsLength) {
+          result[holders[argsIndex]] = args[argsIndex];
+        }
+      }
+      while (rangeLength--) {
+        result[leftIndex++] = args[argsIndex++];
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function is like `composeArgs` except that the arguments composition
+     * is tailored for `_.partialRight`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} args The provided arguments.
+     * @param {Array} partials The arguments to append to those provided.
+     * @param {Array} holders The `partials` placeholder indexes.
+     * @params {boolean} [isCurried] Specify composing for a curried function.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of composed arguments.
+     */
+    function composeArgsRight(args, partials, holders, isCurried) {
+      var argsIndex = -1,
+          argsLength = args.length,
+          holdersIndex = -1,
+          holdersLength = holders.length,
+          rightIndex = -1,
+          rightLength = partials.length,
+          rangeLength = nativeMax(argsLength - holdersLength, 0),
+          result = Array(rangeLength + rightLength),
+          isUncurried = !isCurried;
+
+      while (++argsIndex < rangeLength) {
+        result[argsIndex] = args[argsIndex];
+      }
+      var offset = argsIndex;
+      while (++rightIndex < rightLength) {
+        result[offset + rightIndex] = partials[rightIndex];
+      }
+      while (++holdersIndex < holdersLength) {
+        if (isUncurried || argsIndex < argsLength) {
+          result[offset + holders[holdersIndex]] = args[argsIndex++];
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copies the values of `source` to `array`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} source The array to copy values from.
+     * @param {Array} [array=[]] The array to copy values to.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     */
+    function copyArray(source, array) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = source.length;
+
+      array || (array = Array(length));
+      while (++index < length) {
+        array[index] = source[index];
+      }
+      return array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copies properties of `source` to `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} source The object to copy properties from.
+     * @param {Array} props The property identifiers to copy.
+     * @param {Object} [object={}] The object to copy properties to.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize copied values.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+    function copyObject(source, props, object, customizer) {
+      object || (object = {});
+
+      var index = -1,
+          length = props.length;
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var key = props[index];
+
+        var newValue = customizer
+          ? customizer(object[key], source[key], key, object, source)
+          : undefined;
+
+        assignValue(object, key, newValue === undefined ? source[key] : newValue);
+      }
+      return object;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copies own symbol properties of `source` to `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} source The object to copy symbols from.
+     * @param {Object} [object={}] The object to copy symbols to.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     */
+    function copySymbols(source, object) {
+      return copyObject(source, getSymbols(source), object);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function like `_.groupBy`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} setter The function to set accumulator values.
+     * @param {Function} [initializer] The accumulator object initializer.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new aggregator function.
+     */
+    function createAggregator(setter, initializer) {
+      return function(collection, iteratee) {
+        var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayAggregator : baseAggregator,
+            accumulator = initializer ? initializer() : {};
+
+        return func(collection, setter, getIteratee(iteratee, 2), accumulator);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function like `_.assign`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} assigner The function to assign values.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new assigner function.
+     */
+    function createAssigner(assigner) {
+      return baseRest(function(object, sources) {
+        var index = -1,
+            length = sources.length,
+            customizer = length > 1 ? sources[length - 1] : undefined,
+            guard = length > 2 ? sources[2] : undefined;
+
+        customizer = (assigner.length > 3 && typeof customizer == 'function')
+          ? (length--, customizer)
+          : undefined;
+
+        if (guard && isIterateeCall(sources[0], sources[1], guard)) {
+          customizer = length < 3 ? undefined : customizer;
+          length = 1;
+        }
+        object = Object(object);
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var source = sources[index];
+          if (source) {
+            assigner(object, source, index, customizer);
+          }
+        }
+        return object;
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a `baseEach` or `baseEachRight` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
+     */
+    function createBaseEach(eachFunc, fromRight) {
+      return function(collection, iteratee) {
+        if (collection == null) {
+          return collection;
+        }
+        if (!isArrayLike(collection)) {
+          return eachFunc(collection, iteratee);
+        }
+        var length = collection.length,
+            index = fromRight ? length : -1,
+            iterable = Object(collection);
+
+        while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
+          if (iteratee(iterable[index], index, iterable) === false) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        return collection;
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a base function for methods like `_.forIn` and `_.forOwn`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
+     */
+    function createBaseFor(fromRight) {
+      return function(object, iteratee, keysFunc) {
+        var index = -1,
+            iterable = Object(object),
+            props = keysFunc(object),
+            length = props.length;
+
+        while (length--) {
+          var key = props[fromRight ? length : ++index];
+          if (iteratee(iterable[key], key, iterable) === false) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        return object;
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that wraps `func` to invoke it with the optional `this`
+     * binding of `thisArg`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
+     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags. See `createWrap` for more details.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
+     */
+    function createBind(func, bitmask, thisArg) {
+      var isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG,
+          Ctor = createCtor(func);
+
+      function wrapper() {
+        var fn = (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) ? Ctor : func;
+        return fn.apply(isBind ? thisArg : this, arguments);
+      }
+      return wrapper;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function like `_.lowerFirst`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} methodName The name of the `String` case method to use.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new case function.
+     */
+    function createCaseFirst(methodName) {
+      return function(string) {
+        string = toString(string);
+
+        var strSymbols = reHasComplexSymbol.test(string)
+          ? stringToArray(string)
+          : undefined;
+
+        var chr = strSymbols
+          ? strSymbols[0]
+          : string.charAt(0);
+
+        var trailing = strSymbols
+          ? castSlice(strSymbols, 1).join('')
+          : string.slice(1);
+
+        return chr[methodName]() + trailing;
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function like `_.camelCase`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} callback The function to combine each word.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new compounder function.
+     */
+    function createCompounder(callback) {
+      return function(string) {
+        return arrayReduce(words(deburr(string).replace(reApos, '')), callback, '');
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that produces an instance of `Ctor` regardless of
+     * whether it was invoked as part of a `new` expression or by `call` or `apply`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} Ctor The constructor to wrap.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
+     */
+    function createCtor(Ctor) {
+      return function() {
+        // Use a `switch` statement to work with class constructors. See
+        // http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-ecmascript-function-objects-call-thisargument-argumentslist
+        // for more details.
+        var args = arguments;
+        switch (args.length) {
+          case 0: return new Ctor;
+          case 1: return new Ctor(args[0]);
+          case 2: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1]);
+          case 3: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2]);
+          case 4: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3]);
+          case 5: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4]);
+          case 6: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5]);
+          case 7: return new Ctor(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5], args[6]);
+        }
+        var thisBinding = baseCreate(Ctor.prototype),
+            result = Ctor.apply(thisBinding, args);
+
+        // Mimic the constructor's `return` behavior.
+        // See https://es5.github.io/#x13.2.2 for more details.
+        return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that wraps `func` to enable currying.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
+     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags. See `createWrap` for more details.
+     * @param {number} arity The arity of `func`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
+     */
+    function createCurry(func, bitmask, arity) {
+      var Ctor = createCtor(func);
+
+      function wrapper() {
+        var length = arguments.length,
+            args = Array(length),
+            index = length,
+            placeholder = getHolder(wrapper);
+
+        while (index--) {
+          args[index] = arguments[index];
+        }
+        var holders = (length < 3 && args[0] !== placeholder && args[length - 1] !== placeholder)
+          ? []
+          : replaceHolders(args, placeholder);
+
+        length -= holders.length;
+        if (length < arity) {
+          return createRecurry(
+            func, bitmask, createHybrid, wrapper.placeholder, undefined,
+            args, holders, undefined, undefined, arity - length);
+        }
+        var fn = (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) ? Ctor : func;
+        return apply(fn, this, args);
+      }
+      return wrapper;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a `_.find` or `_.findLast` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} findIndexFunc The function to find the collection index.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new find function.
+     */
+    function createFind(findIndexFunc) {
+      return function(collection, predicate, fromIndex) {
+        var iterable = Object(collection);
+        if (!isArrayLike(collection)) {
+          var iteratee = getIteratee(predicate, 3);
+          collection = keys(collection);
+          predicate = function(key) { return iteratee(iterable[key], key, iterable); };
+        }
+        var index = findIndexFunc(collection, predicate, fromIndex);
+        return index > -1 ? iterable[iteratee ? collection[index] : index] : undefined;
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a `_.flow` or `_.flowRight` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new flow function.
+     */
+    function createFlow(fromRight) {
+      return baseRest(function(funcs) {
+        funcs = baseFlatten(funcs, 1);
+
+        var length = funcs.length,
+            index = length,
+            prereq = LodashWrapper.prototype.thru;
+
+        if (fromRight) {
+          funcs.reverse();
+        }
+        while (index--) {
+          var func = funcs[index];
+          if (typeof func != 'function') {
+            throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+          }
+          if (prereq && !wrapper && getFuncName(func) == 'wrapper') {
+            var wrapper = new LodashWrapper([], true);
+          }
+        }
+        index = wrapper ? index : length;
+        while (++index < length) {
+          func = funcs[index];
+
+          var funcName = getFuncName(func),
+              data = funcName == 'wrapper' ? getData(func) : undefined;
+
+          if (data && isLaziable(data[0]) &&
+                data[1] == (ARY_FLAG | CURRY_FLAG | PARTIAL_FLAG | REARG_FLAG) &&
+                !data[4].length && data[9] == 1
+              ) {
+            wrapper = wrapper[getFuncName(data[0])].apply(wrapper, data[3]);
+          } else {
+            wrapper = (func.length == 1 && isLaziable(func))
+              ? wrapper[funcName]()
+              : wrapper.thru(func);
+          }
+        }
+        return function() {
+          var args = arguments,
+              value = args[0];
+
+          if (wrapper && args.length == 1 &&
+              isArray(value) && value.length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE) {
+            return wrapper.plant(value).value();
+          }
+          var index = 0,
+              result = length ? funcs[index].apply(this, args) : value;
+
+          while (++index < length) {
+            result = funcs[index].call(this, result);
+          }
+          return result;
+        };
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that wraps `func` to invoke it with optional `this`
+     * binding of `thisArg`, partial application, and currying.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to wrap.
+     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags. See `createWrap` for more details.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+     * @param {Array} [partials] The arguments to prepend to those provided to
+     *  the new function.
+     * @param {Array} [holders] The `partials` placeholder indexes.
+     * @param {Array} [partialsRight] The arguments to append to those provided
+     *  to the new function.
+     * @param {Array} [holdersRight] The `partialsRight` placeholder indexes.
+     * @param {Array} [argPos] The argument positions of the new function.
+     * @param {number} [ary] The arity cap of `func`.
+     * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
+     */
+    function createHybrid(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, partialsRight, holdersRight, argPos, ary, arity) {
+      var isAry = bitmask & ARY_FLAG,
+          isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG,
+          isBindKey = bitmask & BIND_KEY_FLAG,
+          isCurried = bitmask & (CURRY_FLAG | CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG),
+          isFlip = bitmask & FLIP_FLAG,
+          Ctor = isBindKey ? undefined : createCtor(func);
+
+      function wrapper() {
+        var length = arguments.length,
+            args = Array(length),
+            index = length;
+
+        while (index--) {
+          args[index] = arguments[index];
+        }
+        if (isCurried) {
+          var placeholder = getHolder(wrapper),
+              holdersCount = countHolders(args, placeholder);
+        }
+        if (partials) {
+          args = composeArgs(args, partials, holders, isCurried);
+        }
+        if (partialsRight) {
+          args = composeArgsRight(args, partialsRight, holdersRight, isCurried);
+        }
+        length -= holdersCount;
+        if (isCurried && length < arity) {
+          var newHolders = replaceHolders(args, placeholder);
+          return createRecurry(
+            func, bitmask, createHybrid, wrapper.placeholder, thisArg,
+            args, newHolders, argPos, ary, arity - length
+          );
+        }
+        var thisBinding = isBind ? thisArg : this,
+            fn = isBindKey ? thisBinding[func] : func;
+
+        length = args.length;
+        if (argPos) {
+          args = reorder(args, argPos);
+        } else if (isFlip && length > 1) {
+          args.reverse();
+        }
+        if (isAry && ary < length) {
+          args.length = ary;
+        }
+        if (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) {
+          fn = Ctor || createCtor(fn);
+        }
+        return fn.apply(thisBinding, args);
+      }
+      return wrapper;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function like `_.invertBy`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} setter The function to set accumulator values.
+     * @param {Function} toIteratee The function to resolve iteratees.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new inverter function.
+     */
+    function createInverter(setter, toIteratee) {
+      return function(object, iteratee) {
+        return baseInverter(object, setter, toIteratee(iteratee), {});
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that performs a mathematical operation on two values.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} operator The function to perform the operation.
+     * @param {number} [defaultValue] The value used for `undefined` arguments.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new mathematical operation function.
+     */
+    function createMathOperation(operator, defaultValue) {
+      return function(value, other) {
+        var result;
+        if (value === undefined && other === undefined) {
+          return defaultValue;
+        }
+        if (value !== undefined) {
+          result = value;
+        }
+        if (other !== undefined) {
+          if (result === undefined) {
+            return other;
+          }
+          if (typeof value == 'string' || typeof other == 'string') {
+            value = baseToString(value);
+            other = baseToString(other);
+          } else {
+            value = baseToNumber(value);
+            other = baseToNumber(other);
+          }
+          result = operator(value, other);
+        }
+        return result;
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function like `_.over`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} arrayFunc The function to iterate over iteratees.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new over function.
+     */
+    function createOver(arrayFunc) {
+      return baseRest(function(iteratees) {
+        iteratees = (iteratees.length == 1 && isArray(iteratees[0]))
+          ? arrayMap(iteratees[0], baseUnary(getIteratee()))
+          : arrayMap(baseFlatten(iteratees, 1), baseUnary(getIteratee()));
+
+        return baseRest(function(args) {
+          var thisArg = this;
+          return arrayFunc(iteratees, function(iteratee) {
+            return apply(iteratee, thisArg, args);
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates the padding for `string` based on `length`. The `chars` string
+     * is truncated if the number of characters exceeds `length`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {number} length The padding length.
+     * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the padding for `string`.
+     */
+    function createPadding(length, chars) {
+      chars = chars === undefined ? ' ' : baseToString(chars);
+
+      var charsLength = chars.length;
+      if (charsLength < 2) {
+        return charsLength ? baseRepeat(chars, length) : chars;
+      }
+      var result = baseRepeat(chars, nativeCeil(length / stringSize(chars)));
+      return reHasComplexSymbol.test(chars)
+        ? castSlice(stringToArray(result), 0, length).join('')
+        : result.slice(0, length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that wraps `func` to invoke it with the `this` binding
+     * of `thisArg` and `partials` prepended to the arguments it receives.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
+     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags. See `createWrap` for more details.
+     * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
+     * @param {Array} partials The arguments to prepend to those provided to
+     *  the new function.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
+     */
+    function createPartial(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials) {
+      var isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG,
+          Ctor = createCtor(func);
+
+      function wrapper() {
+        var argsIndex = -1,
+            argsLength = arguments.length,
+            leftIndex = -1,
+            leftLength = partials.length,
+            args = Array(leftLength + argsLength),
+            fn = (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) ? Ctor : func;
+
+        while (++leftIndex < leftLength) {
+          args[leftIndex] = partials[leftIndex];
+        }
+        while (argsLength--) {
+          args[leftIndex++] = arguments[++argsIndex];
+        }
+        return apply(fn, isBind ? thisArg : this, args);
+      }
+      return wrapper;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a `_.range` or `_.rangeRight` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new range function.
+     */
+    function createRange(fromRight) {
+      return function(start, end, step) {
+        if (step && typeof step != 'number' && isIterateeCall(start, end, step)) {
+          end = step = undefined;
+        }
+        // Ensure the sign of `-0` is preserved.
+        start = toFinite(start);
+        if (end === undefined) {
+          end = start;
+          start = 0;
+        } else {
+          end = toFinite(end);
+        }
+        step = step === undefined ? (start < end ? 1 : -1) : toFinite(step);
+        return baseRange(start, end, step, fromRight);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that performs a relational operation on two values.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} operator The function to perform the operation.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new relational operation function.
+     */
+    function createRelationalOperation(operator) {
+      return function(value, other) {
+        if (!(typeof value == 'string' && typeof other == 'string')) {
+          value = toNumber(value);
+          other = toNumber(other);
+        }
+        return operator(value, other);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that wraps `func` to continue currying.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
+     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags. See `createWrap` for more details.
+     * @param {Function} wrapFunc The function to create the `func` wrapper.
+     * @param {*} placeholder The placeholder value.
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+     * @param {Array} [partials] The arguments to prepend to those provided to
+     *  the new function.
+     * @param {Array} [holders] The `partials` placeholder indexes.
+     * @param {Array} [argPos] The argument positions of the new function.
+     * @param {number} [ary] The arity cap of `func`.
+     * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
+     */
+    function createRecurry(func, bitmask, wrapFunc, placeholder, thisArg, partials, holders, argPos, ary, arity) {
+      var isCurry = bitmask & CURRY_FLAG,
+          newHolders = isCurry ? holders : undefined,
+          newHoldersRight = isCurry ? undefined : holders,
+          newPartials = isCurry ? partials : undefined,
+          newPartialsRight = isCurry ? undefined : partials;
+
+      bitmask |= (isCurry ? PARTIAL_FLAG : PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG);
+      bitmask &= ~(isCurry ? PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG : PARTIAL_FLAG);
+
+      if (!(bitmask & CURRY_BOUND_FLAG)) {
+        bitmask &= ~(BIND_FLAG | BIND_KEY_FLAG);
+      }
+      var newData = [
+        func, bitmask, thisArg, newPartials, newHolders, newPartialsRight,
+        newHoldersRight, argPos, ary, arity
+      ];
+
+      var result = wrapFunc.apply(undefined, newData);
+      if (isLaziable(func)) {
+        setData(result, newData);
+      }
+      result.placeholder = placeholder;
+      return setWrapToString(result, func, bitmask);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function like `_.round`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} methodName The name of the `Math` method to use when rounding.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new round function.
+     */
+    function createRound(methodName) {
+      var func = Math[methodName];
+      return function(number, precision) {
+        number = toNumber(number);
+        precision = nativeMin(toInteger(precision), 292);
+        if (precision) {
+          // Shift with exponential notation to avoid floating-point issues.
+          // See [MDN](https://mdn.io/round#Examples) for more details.
+          var pair = (toString(number) + 'e').split('e'),
+              value = func(pair[0] + 'e' + (+pair[1] + precision));
+
+          pair = (toString(value) + 'e').split('e');
+          return +(pair[0] + 'e' + (+pair[1] - precision));
+        }
+        return func(number);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a set object of `values`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} values The values to add to the set.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new set.
+     */
+    var createSet = !(Set && (1 / setToArray(new Set([,-0]))[1]) == INFINITY) ? noop : function(values) {
+      return new Set(values);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a `_.toPairs` or `_.toPairsIn` function.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of a given object.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new pairs function.
+     */
+    function createToPairs(keysFunc) {
+      return function(object) {
+        var tag = getTag(object);
+        if (tag == mapTag) {
+          return mapToArray(object);
+        }
+        if (tag == setTag) {
+          return setToPairs(object);
+        }
+        return baseToPairs(object, keysFunc(object));
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that either curries or invokes `func` with optional
+     * `this` binding and partially applied arguments.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to wrap.
+     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags.
+     *  The bitmask may be composed of the following flags:
+     *     1 - `_.bind`
+     *     2 - `_.bindKey`
+     *     4 - `_.curry` or `_.curryRight` of a bound function
+     *     8 - `_.curry`
+     *    16 - `_.curryRight`
+     *    32 - `_.partial`
+     *    64 - `_.partialRight`
+     *   128 - `_.rearg`
+     *   256 - `_.ary`
+     *   512 - `_.flip`
+     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+     * @param {Array} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
+     * @param {Array} [holders] The `partials` placeholder indexes.
+     * @param {Array} [argPos] The argument positions of the new function.
+     * @param {number} [ary] The arity cap of `func`.
+     * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
+     */
+    function createWrap(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, argPos, ary, arity) {
+      var isBindKey = bitmask & BIND_KEY_FLAG;
+      if (!isBindKey && typeof func != 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+      }
+      var length = partials ? partials.length : 0;
+      if (!length) {
+        bitmask &= ~(PARTIAL_FLAG | PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG);
+        partials = holders = undefined;
+      }
+      ary = ary === undefined ? ary : nativeMax(toInteger(ary), 0);
+      arity = arity === undefined ? arity : toInteger(arity);
+      length -= holders ? holders.length : 0;
+
+      if (bitmask & PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG) {
+        var partialsRight = partials,
+            holdersRight = holders;
+
+        partials = holders = undefined;
+      }
+      var data = isBindKey ? undefined : getData(func);
+
+      var newData = [
+        func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, partialsRight, holdersRight,
+        argPos, ary, arity
+      ];
+
+      if (data) {
+        mergeData(newData, data);
+      }
+      func = newData[0];
+      bitmask = newData[1];
+      thisArg = newData[2];
+      partials = newData[3];
+      holders = newData[4];
+      arity = newData[9] = newData[9] == null
+        ? (isBindKey ? 0 : func.length)
+        : nativeMax(newData[9] - length, 0);
+
+      if (!arity && bitmask & (CURRY_FLAG | CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG)) {
+        bitmask &= ~(CURRY_FLAG | CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG);
+      }
+      if (!bitmask || bitmask == BIND_FLAG) {
+        var result = createBind(func, bitmask, thisArg);
+      } else if (bitmask == CURRY_FLAG || bitmask == CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG) {
+        result = createCurry(func, bitmask, arity);
+      } else if ((bitmask == PARTIAL_FLAG || bitmask == (BIND_FLAG | PARTIAL_FLAG)) && !holders.length) {
+        result = createPartial(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials);
+      } else {
+        result = createHybrid.apply(undefined, newData);
+      }
+      var setter = data ? baseSetData : setData;
+      return setWrapToString(setter(result, newData), func, bitmask);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for arrays with support for
+     * partial deep comparisons.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to compare.
+     * @param {Array} other The other array to compare.
+     * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
+     * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize comparisons.
+     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual`
+     *  for more details.
+     * @param {Object} stack Tracks traversed `array` and `other` objects.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arrays are equivalent, else `false`.
+     */
+    function equalArrays(array, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack) {
+      var isPartial = bitmask & PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG,
+          arrLength = array.length,
+          othLength = other.length;
+
+      if (arrLength != othLength && !(isPartial && othLength > arrLength)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      // Assume cyclic values are equal.
+      var stacked = stack.get(array);
+      if (stacked && stack.get(other)) {
+        return stacked == other;
+      }
+      var index = -1,
+          result = true,
+          seen = (bitmask & UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG) ? new SetCache : undefined;
+
+      stack.set(array, other);
+      stack.set(other, array);
+
+      // Ignore non-index properties.
+      while (++index < arrLength) {
+        var arrValue = array[index],
+            othValue = other[index];
+
+        if (customizer) {
+          var compared = isPartial
+            ? customizer(othValue, arrValue, index, other, array, stack)
+            : customizer(arrValue, othValue, index, array, other, stack);
+        }
+        if (compared !== undefined) {
+          if (compared) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          result = false;
+          break;
+        }
+        // Recursively compare arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
+        if (seen) {
+          if (!arraySome(other, function(othValue, othIndex) {
+                if (!seen.has(othIndex) &&
+                    (arrValue === othValue || equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, customizer, bitmask, stack))) {
+                  return seen.add(othIndex);
+                }
+              })) {
+            result = false;
+            break;
+          }
+        } else if (!(
+              arrValue === othValue ||
+                equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, customizer, bitmask, stack)
+            )) {
+          result = false;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      stack['delete'](array);
+      stack['delete'](other);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for comparing objects of
+     * the same `toStringTag`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This function only supports comparing values with tags of
+     * `Boolean`, `Date`, `Error`, `Number`, `RegExp`, or `String`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
+     * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
+     * @param {string} tag The `toStringTag` of the objects to compare.
+     * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
+     * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize comparisons.
+     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual`
+     *  for more details.
+     * @param {Object} stack Tracks traversed `object` and `other` objects.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
+     */
+    function equalByTag(object, other, tag, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack) {
+      switch (tag) {
+        case dataViewTag:
+          if ((object.byteLength != other.byteLength) ||
+              (object.byteOffset != other.byteOffset)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          object = object.buffer;
+          other = other.buffer;
+
+        case arrayBufferTag:
+          if ((object.byteLength != other.byteLength) ||
+              !equalFunc(new Uint8Array(object), new Uint8Array(other))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          return true;
+
+        case boolTag:
+        case dateTag:
+        case numberTag:
+          // Coerce booleans to `1` or `0` and dates to milliseconds.
+          // Invalid dates are coerced to `NaN`.
+          return eq(+object, +other);
+
+        case errorTag:
+          return object.name == other.name && object.message == other.message;
+
+        case regexpTag:
+        case stringTag:
+          // Coerce regexes to strings and treat strings, primitives and objects,
+          // as equal. See http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-regexp.prototype.tostring
+          // for more details.
+          return object == (other + '');
+
+        case mapTag:
+          var convert = mapToArray;
+
+        case setTag:
+          var isPartial = bitmask & PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG;
+          convert || (convert = setToArray);
+
+          if (object.size != other.size && !isPartial) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          // Assume cyclic values are equal.
+          var stacked = stack.get(object);
+          if (stacked) {
+            return stacked == other;
+          }
+          bitmask |= UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG;
+
+          // Recursively compare objects (susceptible to call stack limits).
+          stack.set(object, other);
+          var result = equalArrays(convert(object), convert(other), equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack);
+          stack['delete'](object);
+          return result;
+
+        case symbolTag:
+          if (symbolValueOf) {
+            return symbolValueOf.call(object) == symbolValueOf.call(other);
+          }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for objects with support for
+     * partial deep comparisons.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
+     * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
+     * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
+     * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize comparisons.
+     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual`
+     *  for more details.
+     * @param {Object} stack Tracks traversed `object` and `other` objects.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
+     */
+    function equalObjects(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stack) {
+      var isPartial = bitmask & PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG,
+          objProps = keys(object),
+          objLength = objProps.length,
+          othProps = keys(other),
+          othLength = othProps.length;
+
+      if (objLength != othLength && !isPartial) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      var index = objLength;
+      while (index--) {
+        var key = objProps[index];
+        if (!(isPartial ? key in other : baseHas(other, key))) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      // Assume cyclic values are equal.
+      var stacked = stack.get(object);
+      if (stacked && stack.get(other)) {
+        return stacked == other;
+      }
+      var result = true;
+      stack.set(object, other);
+      stack.set(other, object);
+
+      var skipCtor = isPartial;
+      while (++index < objLength) {
+        key = objProps[index];
+        var objValue = object[key],
+            othValue = other[key];
+
+        if (customizer) {
+          var compared = isPartial
+            ? customizer(othValue, objValue, key, other, object, stack)
+            : customizer(objValue, othValue, key, object, other, stack);
+        }
+        // Recursively compare objects (susceptible to call stack limits).
+        if (!(compared === undefined
+              ? (objValue === othValue || equalFunc(objValue, othValue, customizer, bitmask, stack))
+              : compared
+            )) {
+          result = false;
+          break;
+        }
+        skipCtor || (skipCtor = key == 'constructor');
+      }
+      if (result && !skipCtor) {
+        var objCtor = object.constructor,
+            othCtor = other.constructor;
+
+        // Non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal.
+        if (objCtor != othCtor &&
+            ('constructor' in object && 'constructor' in other) &&
+            !(typeof objCtor == 'function' && objCtor instanceof objCtor &&
+              typeof othCtor == 'function' && othCtor instanceof othCtor)) {
+          result = false;
+        }
+      }
+      stack['delete'](object);
+      stack['delete'](other);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of own enumerable property names and symbols of `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names and symbols.
+     */
+    function getAllKeys(object) {
+      return baseGetAllKeys(object, keys, getSymbols);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of own and inherited enumerable property names and
+     * symbols of `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names and symbols.
+     */
+    function getAllKeysIn(object) {
+      return baseGetAllKeys(object, keysIn, getSymbolsIn);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets metadata for `func`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to query.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the metadata for `func`.
+     */
+    var getData = !metaMap ? noop : function(func) {
+      return metaMap.get(func);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the name of `func`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to query.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the function name.
+     */
+    function getFuncName(func) {
+      var result = (func.name + ''),
+          array = realNames[result],
+          length = hasOwnProperty.call(realNames, result) ? array.length : 0;
+
+      while (length--) {
+        var data = array[length],
+            otherFunc = data.func;
+        if (otherFunc == null || otherFunc == func) {
+          return data.name;
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the argument placeholder value for `func`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to inspect.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the placeholder value.
+     */
+    function getHolder(func) {
+      var object = hasOwnProperty.call(lodash, 'placeholder') ? lodash : func;
+      return object.placeholder;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the appropriate "iteratee" function. If `_.iteratee` is customized,
+     * this function returns the custom method, otherwise it returns `baseIteratee`.
+     * If arguments are provided, the chosen function is invoked with them and
+     * its result is returned.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} [value] The value to convert to an iteratee.
+     * @param {number} [arity] The arity of the created iteratee.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the chosen function or its result.
+     */
+    function getIteratee() {
+      var result = lodash.iteratee || iteratee;
+      result = result === iteratee ? baseIteratee : result;
+      return arguments.length ? result(arguments[0], arguments[1]) : result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the "length" property value of `object`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This function is used to avoid a
+     * [JIT bug](https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=142792) that affects
+     * Safari on at least iOS 8.1-8.3 ARM64.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the "length" value.
+     */
+    var getLength = baseProperty('length');
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the data for `map`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} map The map to query.
+     * @param {string} key The reference key.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the map data.
+     */
+    function getMapData(map, key) {
+      var data = map.__data__;
+      return isKeyable(key)
+        ? data[typeof key == 'string' ? 'string' : 'hash']
+        : data.map;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the property names, values, and compare flags of `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the match data of `object`.
+     */
+    function getMatchData(object) {
+      var result = keys(object),
+          length = result.length;
+
+      while (length--) {
+        var key = result[length],
+            value = object[key];
+
+        result[length] = [key, value, isStrictComparable(value)];
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the native function at `key` of `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {string} key The key of the method to get.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the function if it's native, else `undefined`.
+     */
+    function getNative(object, key) {
+      var value = getValue(object, key);
+      return baseIsNative(value) ? value : undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the `[[Prototype]]` of `value`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to query.
+     * @returns {null|Object} Returns the `[[Prototype]]`.
+     */
+    var getPrototype = overArg(nativeGetPrototype, Object);
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of the own enumerable symbol properties of `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of symbols.
+     */
+    var getSymbols = nativeGetSymbols ? overArg(nativeGetSymbols, Object) : stubArray;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable symbol properties
+     * of `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of symbols.
+     */
+    var getSymbolsIn = !nativeGetSymbols ? stubArray : function(object) {
+      var result = [];
+      while (object) {
+        arrayPush(result, getSymbols(object));
+        object = getPrototype(object);
+      }
+      return result;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the `toStringTag` of `value`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to query.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the `toStringTag`.
+     */
+    var getTag = baseGetTag;
+
+    // Fallback for data views, maps, sets, and weak maps in IE 11,
+    // for data views in Edge, and promises in Node.js.
+    if ((DataView && getTag(new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(1))) != dataViewTag) ||
+        (Map && getTag(new Map) != mapTag) ||
+        (Promise && getTag(Promise.resolve()) != promiseTag) ||
+        (Set && getTag(new Set) != setTag) ||
+        (WeakMap && getTag(new WeakMap) != weakMapTag)) {
+      getTag = function(value) {
+        var result = objectToString.call(value),
+            Ctor = result == objectTag ? value.constructor : undefined,
+            ctorString = Ctor ? toSource(Ctor) : undefined;
+
+        if (ctorString) {
+          switch (ctorString) {
+            case dataViewCtorString: return dataViewTag;
+            case mapCtorString: return mapTag;
+            case promiseCtorString: return promiseTag;
+            case setCtorString: return setTag;
+            case weakMapCtorString: return weakMapTag;
+          }
+        }
+        return result;
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the view, applying any `transforms` to the `start` and `end` positions.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {number} start The start of the view.
+     * @param {number} end The end of the view.
+     * @param {Array} transforms The transformations to apply to the view.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns an object containing the `start` and `end`
+     *  positions of the view.
+     */
+    function getView(start, end, transforms) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = transforms.length;
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var data = transforms[index],
+            size = data.size;
+
+        switch (data.type) {
+          case 'drop':      start += size; break;
+          case 'dropRight': end -= size; break;
+          case 'take':      end = nativeMin(end, start + size); break;
+          case 'takeRight': start = nativeMax(start, end - size); break;
+        }
+      }
+      return { 'start': start, 'end': end };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extracts wrapper details from the `source` body comment.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} source The source to inspect.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the wrapper details.
+     */
+    function getWrapDetails(source) {
+      var match = source.match(reWrapDetails);
+      return match ? match[1].split(reSplitDetails) : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `path` exists on `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path to check.
+     * @param {Function} hasFunc The function to check properties.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `path` exists, else `false`.
+     */
+    function hasPath(object, path, hasFunc) {
+      path = isKey(path, object) ? [path] : castPath(path);
+
+      var result,
+          index = -1,
+          length = path.length;
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var key = toKey(path[index]);
+        if (!(result = object != null && hasFunc(object, key))) {
+          break;
+        }
+        object = object[key];
+      }
+      if (result) {
+        return result;
+      }
+      var length = object ? object.length : 0;
+      return !!length && isLength(length) && isIndex(key, length) &&
+        (isArray(object) || isString(object) || isArguments(object));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes an array clone.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to clone.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the initialized clone.
+     */
+    function initCloneArray(array) {
+      var length = array.length,
+          result = array.constructor(length);
+
+      // Add properties assigned by `RegExp#exec`.
+      if (length && typeof array[0] == 'string' && hasOwnProperty.call(array, 'index')) {
+        result.index = array.index;
+        result.input = array.input;
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes an object clone.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to clone.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the initialized clone.
+     */
+    function initCloneObject(object) {
+      return (typeof object.constructor == 'function' && !isPrototype(object))
+        ? baseCreate(getPrototype(object))
+        : {};
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes an object clone based on its `toStringTag`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This function only supports cloning values with tags of
+     * `Boolean`, `Date`, `Error`, `Number`, `RegExp`, or `String`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to clone.
+     * @param {string} tag The `toStringTag` of the object to clone.
+     * @param {Function} cloneFunc The function to clone values.
+     * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the initialized clone.
+     */
+    function initCloneByTag(object, tag, cloneFunc, isDeep) {
+      var Ctor = object.constructor;
+      switch (tag) {
+        case arrayBufferTag:
+          return cloneArrayBuffer(object);
+
+        case boolTag:
+        case dateTag:
+          return new Ctor(+object);
+
+        case dataViewTag:
+          return cloneDataView(object, isDeep);
+
+        case float32Tag: case float64Tag:
+        case int8Tag: case int16Tag: case int32Tag:
+        case uint8Tag: case uint8ClampedTag: case uint16Tag: case uint32Tag:
+          return cloneTypedArray(object, isDeep);
+
+        case mapTag:
+          return cloneMap(object, isDeep, cloneFunc);
+
+        case numberTag:
+        case stringTag:
+          return new Ctor(object);
+
+        case regexpTag:
+          return cloneRegExp(object);
+
+        case setTag:
+          return cloneSet(object, isDeep, cloneFunc);
+
+        case symbolTag:
+          return cloneSymbol(object);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of index keys for `object` values of arrays,
+     * `arguments` objects, and strings, otherwise `null` is returned.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array|null} Returns index keys, else `null`.
+     */
+    function indexKeys(object) {
+      var length = object ? object.length : undefined;
+      if (isLength(length) &&
+          (isArray(object) || isString(object) || isArguments(object))) {
+        return baseTimes(length, String);
+      }
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inserts wrapper `details` in a comment at the top of the `source` body.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} source The source to modify.
+     * @returns {Array} details The details to insert.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the modified source.
+     */
+    function insertWrapDetails(source, details) {
+      var length = details.length,
+          lastIndex = length - 1;
+
+      details[lastIndex] = (length > 1 ? '& ' : '') + details[lastIndex];
+      details = details.join(length > 2 ? ', ' : ' ');
+      return source.replace(reWrapComment, '{\n/* [wrapped with ' + details + '] */\n');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a flattenable `arguments` object or array.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is flattenable, else `false`.
+     */
+    function isFlattenable(value) {
+      return isArray(value) || isArguments(value) ||
+        !!(spreadableSymbol && value && value[spreadableSymbol]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like index.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @param {number} [length=MAX_SAFE_INTEGER] The upper bounds of a valid index.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid index, else `false`.
+     */
+    function isIndex(value, length) {
+      length = length == null ? MAX_SAFE_INTEGER : length;
+      return !!length &&
+        (typeof value == 'number' || reIsUint.test(value)) &&
+        (value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value < length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if the given arguments are from an iteratee call.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The potential iteratee value argument.
+     * @param {*} index The potential iteratee index or key argument.
+     * @param {*} object The potential iteratee object argument.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arguments are from an iteratee call,
+     *  else `false`.
+     */
+    function isIterateeCall(value, index, object) {
+      if (!isObject(object)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      var type = typeof index;
+      if (type == 'number'
+            ? (isArrayLike(object) && isIndex(index, object.length))
+            : (type == 'string' && index in object)
+          ) {
+        return eq(object[index], value);
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a property name and not a property path.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @param {Object} [object] The object to query keys on.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a property name, else `false`.
+     */
+    function isKey(value, object) {
+      if (isArray(value)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      var type = typeof value;
+      if (type == 'number' || type == 'symbol' || type == 'boolean' ||
+          value == null || isSymbol(value)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return reIsPlainProp.test(value) || !reIsDeepProp.test(value) ||
+        (object != null && value in Object(object));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is suitable for use as unique object key.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is suitable, else `false`.
+     */
+    function isKeyable(value) {
+      var type = typeof value;
+      return (type == 'string' || type == 'number' || type == 'symbol' || type == 'boolean')
+        ? (value !== '__proto__')
+        : (value === null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `func` has a lazy counterpart.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `func` has a lazy counterpart,
+     *  else `false`.
+     */
+    function isLaziable(func) {
+      var funcName = getFuncName(func),
+          other = lodash[funcName];
+
+      if (typeof other != 'function' || !(funcName in LazyWrapper.prototype)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (func === other) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      var data = getData(other);
+      return !!data && func === data[0];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `func` has its source masked.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `func` is masked, else `false`.
+     */
+    function isMasked(func) {
+      return !!maskSrcKey && (maskSrcKey in func);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `func` is capable of being masked.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `func` is maskable, else `false`.
+     */
+    var isMaskable = coreJsData ? isFunction : stubFalse;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is likely a prototype object.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a prototype, else `false`.
+     */
+    function isPrototype(value) {
+      var Ctor = value && value.constructor,
+          proto = (typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor.prototype) || objectProto;
+
+      return value === proto;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is suitable for strict equality comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` if suitable for strict
+     *  equality comparisons, else `false`.
+     */
+    function isStrictComparable(value) {
+      return value === value && !isObject(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A specialized version of `matchesProperty` for source values suitable
+     * for strict equality comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.
+     * @param {*} srcValue The value to match.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.
+     */
+    function matchesStrictComparable(key, srcValue) {
+      return function(object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        return object[key] === srcValue &&
+          (srcValue !== undefined || (key in Object(object)));
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Merges the function metadata of `source` into `data`.
+     *
+     * Merging metadata reduces the number of wrappers used to invoke a function.
+     * This is possible because methods like `_.bind`, `_.curry`, and `_.partial`
+     * may be applied regardless of execution order. Methods like `_.ary` and
+     * `_.rearg` modify function arguments, making the order in which they are
+     * executed important, preventing the merging of metadata. However, we make
+     * an exception for a safe combined case where curried functions have `_.ary`
+     * and or `_.rearg` applied.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} data The destination metadata.
+     * @param {Array} source The source metadata.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `data`.
+     */
+    function mergeData(data, source) {
+      var bitmask = data[1],
+          srcBitmask = source[1],
+          newBitmask = bitmask | srcBitmask,
+          isCommon = newBitmask < (BIND_FLAG | BIND_KEY_FLAG | ARY_FLAG);
+
+      var isCombo =
+        ((srcBitmask == ARY_FLAG) && (bitmask == CURRY_FLAG)) ||
+        ((srcBitmask == ARY_FLAG) && (bitmask == REARG_FLAG) && (data[7].length <= source[8])) ||
+        ((srcBitmask == (ARY_FLAG | REARG_FLAG)) && (source[7].length <= source[8]) && (bitmask == CURRY_FLAG));
+
+      // Exit early if metadata can't be merged.
+      if (!(isCommon || isCombo)) {
+        return data;
+      }
+      // Use source `thisArg` if available.
+      if (srcBitmask & BIND_FLAG) {
+        data[2] = source[2];
+        // Set when currying a bound function.
+        newBitmask |= bitmask & BIND_FLAG ? 0 : CURRY_BOUND_FLAG;
+      }
+      // Compose partial arguments.
+      var value = source[3];
+      if (value) {
+        var partials = data[3];
+        data[3] = partials ? composeArgs(partials, value, source[4]) : value;
+        data[4] = partials ? replaceHolders(data[3], PLACEHOLDER) : source[4];
+      }
+      // Compose partial right arguments.
+      value = source[5];
+      if (value) {
+        partials = data[5];
+        data[5] = partials ? composeArgsRight(partials, value, source[6]) : value;
+        data[6] = partials ? replaceHolders(data[5], PLACEHOLDER) : source[6];
+      }
+      // Use source `argPos` if available.
+      value = source[7];
+      if (value) {
+        data[7] = value;
+      }
+      // Use source `ary` if it's smaller.
+      if (srcBitmask & ARY_FLAG) {
+        data[8] = data[8] == null ? source[8] : nativeMin(data[8], source[8]);
+      }
+      // Use source `arity` if one is not provided.
+      if (data[9] == null) {
+        data[9] = source[9];
+      }
+      // Use source `func` and merge bitmasks.
+      data[0] = source[0];
+      data[1] = newBitmask;
+
+      return data;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used by `_.defaultsDeep` to customize its `_.merge` use.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} objValue The destination value.
+     * @param {*} srcValue The source value.
+     * @param {string} key The key of the property to merge.
+     * @param {Object} object The parent object of `objValue`.
+     * @param {Object} source The parent object of `srcValue`.
+     * @param {Object} [stack] Tracks traversed source values and their merged
+     *  counterparts.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the value to assign.
+     */
+    function mergeDefaults(objValue, srcValue, key, object, source, stack) {
+      if (isObject(objValue) && isObject(srcValue)) {
+        // Recursively merge objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
+        stack.set(srcValue, objValue);
+        baseMerge(objValue, srcValue, undefined, mergeDefaults, stack);
+        stack['delete'](srcValue);
+      }
+      return objValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the parent value at `path` of `object`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array} path The path to get the parent value of.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the parent value.
+     */
+    function parent(object, path) {
+      return path.length == 1 ? object : baseGet(object, baseSlice(path, 0, -1));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reorder `array` according to the specified indexes where the element at
+     * the first index is assigned as the first element, the element at
+     * the second index is assigned as the second element, and so on.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} array The array to reorder.
+     * @param {Array} indexes The arranged array indexes.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     */
+    function reorder(array, indexes) {
+      var arrLength = array.length,
+          length = nativeMin(indexes.length, arrLength),
+          oldArray = copyArray(array);
+
+      while (length--) {
+        var index = indexes[length];
+        array[length] = isIndex(index, arrLength) ? oldArray[index] : undefined;
+      }
+      return array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets metadata for `func`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** If this function becomes hot, i.e. is invoked a lot in a short
+     * period of time, it will trip its breaker and transition to an identity
+     * function to avoid garbage collection pauses in V8. See
+     * [V8 issue 2070](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2070)
+     * for more details.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to associate metadata with.
+     * @param {*} data The metadata.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.
+     */
+    var setData = (function() {
+      var count = 0,
+          lastCalled = 0;
+
+      return function(key, value) {
+        var stamp = now(),
+            remaining = HOT_SPAN - (stamp - lastCalled);
+
+        lastCalled = stamp;
+        if (remaining > 0) {
+          if (++count >= HOT_COUNT) {
+            return key;
+          }
+        } else {
+          count = 0;
+        }
+        return baseSetData(key, value);
+      };
+    }());
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the `toString` method of `wrapper` to mimic the source of `reference`
+     * with wrapper details in a comment at the top of the source body.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} wrapper The function to modify.
+     * @param {Function} reference The reference function.
+     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags. See `createWrap` for more details.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns `wrapper`.
+     */
+    var setWrapToString = !defineProperty ? identity : function(wrapper, reference, bitmask) {
+      var source = (reference + '');
+      return defineProperty(wrapper, 'toString', {
+        'configurable': true,
+        'enumerable': false,
+        'value': constant(insertWrapDetails(source, updateWrapDetails(getWrapDetails(source), bitmask)))
+      });
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `string` to a property path array.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {string} string The string to convert.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the property path array.
+     */
+    var stringToPath = memoize(function(string) {
+      string = toString(string);
+
+      var result = [];
+      if (reLeadingDot.test(string)) {
+        result.push('');
+      }
+      string.replace(rePropName, function(match, number, quote, string) {
+        result.push(quote ? string.replace(reEscapeChar, '$1') : (number || match));
+      });
+      return result;
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `value` to a string key if it's not a string or symbol.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {*} value The value to inspect.
+     * @returns {string|symbol} Returns the key.
+     */
+    function toKey(value) {
+      if (typeof value == 'string' || isSymbol(value)) {
+        return value;
+      }
+      var result = (value + '');
+      return (result == '0' && (1 / value) == -INFINITY) ? '-0' : result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `func` to its source code.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Function} func The function to process.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the source code.
+     */
+    function toSource(func) {
+      if (func != null) {
+        try {
+          return funcToString.call(func);
+        } catch (e) {}
+        try {
+          return (func + '');
+        } catch (e) {}
+      }
+      return '';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates wrapper `details` based on `bitmask` flags.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @returns {Array} details The details to modify.
+     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags. See `createWrap` for more details.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `details`.
+     */
+    function updateWrapDetails(details, bitmask) {
+      arrayEach(wrapFlags, function(pair) {
+        var value = '_.' + pair[0];
+        if ((bitmask & pair[1]) && !arrayIncludes(details, value)) {
+          details.push(value);
+        }
+      });
+      return details.sort();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a clone of `wrapper`.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Object} wrapper The wrapper to clone.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned wrapper.
+     */
+    function wrapperClone(wrapper) {
+      if (wrapper instanceof LazyWrapper) {
+        return wrapper.clone();
+      }
+      var result = new LodashWrapper(wrapper.__wrapped__, wrapper.__chain__);
+      result.__actions__ = copyArray(wrapper.__actions__);
+      result.__index__  = wrapper.__index__;
+      result.__values__ = wrapper.__values__;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of elements split into groups the length of `size`.
+     * If `array` can't be split evenly, the final chunk will be the remaining
+     * elements.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to process.
+     * @param {number} [size=1] The length of each chunk
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of chunks.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 2);
+     * // => [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']]
+     *
+     * _.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 3);
+     * // => [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['d']]
+     */
+    function chunk(array, size, guard) {
+      if ((guard ? isIterateeCall(array, size, guard) : size === undefined)) {
+        size = 1;
+      } else {
+        size = nativeMax(toInteger(size), 0);
+      }
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      if (!length || size < 1) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      var index = 0,
+          resIndex = 0,
+          result = Array(nativeCeil(length / size));
+
+      while (index < length) {
+        result[resIndex++] = baseSlice(array, index, (index += size));
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array with all falsey values removed. The values `false`, `null`,
+     * `0`, `""`, `undefined`, and `NaN` are falsey.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     */
+    function compact(array) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = array ? array.length : 0,
+          resIndex = 0,
+          result = [];
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var value = array[index];
+        if (value) {
+          result[resIndex++] = value;
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new array concatenating `array` with any additional arrays
+     * and/or values.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to concatenate.
+     * @param {...*} [values] The values to concatenate.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new concatenated array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [1];
+     * var other = _.concat(array, 2, [3], [[4]]);
+     *
+     * console.log(other);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3, [4]]
+     *
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [1]
+     */
+    function concat() {
+      var length = arguments.length,
+          args = Array(length ? length - 1 : 0),
+          array = arguments[0],
+          index = length;
+
+      while (index--) {
+        args[index - 1] = arguments[index];
+      }
+      return length
+        ? arrayPush(isArray(array) ? copyArray(array) : [array], baseFlatten(args, 1))
+        : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of `array` values not included in the other given arrays
+     * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons. The order of result values is determined by the
+     * order they occur in the first array.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike `_.pullAll`, this method returns a new array.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {...Array} [values] The values to exclude.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
+     * @see _.without, _.xor
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.difference([2, 1], [2, 3]);
+     * // => [1]
+     */
+    var difference = baseRest(function(array, values) {
+      return isArrayLikeObject(array)
+        ? baseDifference(array, baseFlatten(values, 1, isArrayLikeObject, true))
+        : [];
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.difference` except that it accepts `iteratee` which
+     * is invoked for each element of `array` and `values` to generate the criterion
+     * by which they're compared. Result values are chosen from the first array.
+     * The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike `_.pullAllBy`, this method returns a new array.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {...Array} [values] The values to exclude.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.differenceBy([2.1, 1.2], [2.3, 3.4], Math.floor);
+     * // => [1.2]
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.differenceBy([{ 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], [{ 'x': 1 }], 'x');
+     * // => [{ 'x': 2 }]
+     */
+    var differenceBy = baseRest(function(array, values) {
+      var iteratee = last(values);
+      if (isArrayLikeObject(iteratee)) {
+        iteratee = undefined;
+      }
+      return isArrayLikeObject(array)
+        ? baseDifference(array, baseFlatten(values, 1, isArrayLikeObject, true), getIteratee(iteratee, 2))
+        : [];
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.difference` except that it accepts `comparator`
+     * which is invoked to compare elements of `array` to `values`. Result values
+     * are chosen from the first array. The comparator is invoked with two arguments:
+     * (arrVal, othVal).
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike `_.pullAllWith`, this method returns a new array.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {...Array} [values] The values to exclude.
+     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }];
+     *
+     * _.differenceWith(objects, [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }], _.isEqual);
+     * // => [{ 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }]
+     */
+    var differenceWith = baseRest(function(array, values) {
+      var comparator = last(values);
+      if (isArrayLikeObject(comparator)) {
+        comparator = undefined;
+      }
+      return isArrayLikeObject(array)
+        ? baseDifference(array, baseFlatten(values, 1, isArrayLikeObject, true), undefined, comparator)
+        : [];
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements dropped from the beginning.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.5.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to drop.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.drop([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => [2, 3]
+     *
+     * _.drop([1, 2, 3], 2);
+     * // => [3]
+     *
+     * _.drop([1, 2, 3], 5);
+     * // => []
+     *
+     * _.drop([1, 2, 3], 0);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     */
+    function drop(array, n, guard) {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      if (!length) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      n = (guard || n === undefined) ? 1 : toInteger(n);
+      return baseSlice(array, n < 0 ? 0 : n, length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements dropped from the end.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to drop.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     *
+     * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 2);
+     * // => [1]
+     *
+     * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 5);
+     * // => []
+     *
+     * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 0);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     */
+    function dropRight(array, n, guard) {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      if (!length) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      n = (guard || n === undefined) ? 1 : toInteger(n);
+      n = length - n;
+      return baseSlice(array, 0, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` excluding elements dropped from the end.
+     * Elements are dropped until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is
+     * invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.dropRightWhile(users, function(o) { return !o.active; });
+     * // => objects for ['barney']
+     *
+     * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.dropRightWhile(users, { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false });
+     * // => objects for ['barney', 'fred']
+     *
+     * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.dropRightWhile(users, ['active', false]);
+     * // => objects for ['barney']
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.dropRightWhile(users, 'active');
+     * // => objects for ['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles']
+     */
+    function dropRightWhile(array, predicate) {
+      return (array && array.length)
+        ? baseWhile(array, getIteratee(predicate, 3), true, true)
+        : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` excluding elements dropped from the beginning.
+     * Elements are dropped until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is
+     * invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity]
+     *  The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.dropWhile(users, function(o) { return !o.active; });
+     * // => objects for ['pebbles']
+     *
+     * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.dropWhile(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
+     * // => objects for ['fred', 'pebbles']
+     *
+     * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.dropWhile(users, ['active', false]);
+     * // => objects for ['pebbles']
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.dropWhile(users, 'active');
+     * // => objects for ['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles']
+     */
+    function dropWhile(array, predicate) {
+      return (array && array.length)
+        ? baseWhile(array, getIteratee(predicate, 3), true)
+        : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fills elements of `array` with `value` from `start` up to, but not
+     * including, `end`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.2.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to fill.
+     * @param {*} value The value to fill `array` with.
+     * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
+     * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [1, 2, 3];
+     *
+     * _.fill(array, 'a');
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => ['a', 'a', 'a']
+     *
+     * _.fill(Array(3), 2);
+     * // => [2, 2, 2]
+     *
+     * _.fill([4, 6, 8, 10], '*', 1, 3);
+     * // => [4, '*', '*', 10]
+     */
+    function fill(array, value, start, end) {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      if (!length) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      if (start && typeof start != 'number' && isIterateeCall(array, value, start)) {
+        start = 0;
+        end = length;
+      }
+      return baseFill(array, value, start, end);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the index of the first
+     * element `predicate` returns truthy for instead of the element itself.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 1.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity]
+     *  The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.findIndex(users, function(o) { return o.user == 'barney'; });
+     * // => 0
+     *
+     * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.findIndex(users, { 'user': 'fred', 'active': false });
+     * // => 1
+     *
+     * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.findIndex(users, ['active', false]);
+     * // => 0
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.findIndex(users, 'active');
+     * // => 2
+     */
+    function findIndex(array, predicate, fromIndex) {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      if (!length) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      var index = fromIndex == null ? 0 : toInteger(fromIndex);
+      if (index < 0) {
+        index = nativeMax(length + index, 0);
+      }
+      return baseFindIndex(array, getIteratee(predicate, 3), index);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.findIndex` except that it iterates over elements
+     * of `collection` from right to left.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity]
+     *  The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {number} [fromIndex=array.length-1] The index to search from.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.findLastIndex(users, function(o) { return o.user == 'pebbles'; });
+     * // => 2
+     *
+     * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.findLastIndex(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true });
+     * // => 0
+     *
+     * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.findLastIndex(users, ['active', false]);
+     * // => 2
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.findLastIndex(users, 'active');
+     * // => 0
+     */
+    function findLastIndex(array, predicate, fromIndex) {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      if (!length) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      var index = length - 1;
+      if (fromIndex !== undefined) {
+        index = toInteger(fromIndex);
+        index = fromIndex < 0
+          ? nativeMax(length + index, 0)
+          : nativeMin(index, length - 1);
+      }
+      return baseFindIndex(array, getIteratee(predicate, 3), index, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Flattens `array` a single level deep.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.flatten([1, [2, [3, [4]], 5]]);
+     * // => [1, 2, [3, [4]], 5]
+     */
+    function flatten(array) {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      return length ? baseFlatten(array, 1) : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recursively flattens `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.flattenDeep([1, [2, [3, [4]], 5]]);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+     */
+    function flattenDeep(array) {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      return length ? baseFlatten(array, INFINITY) : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recursively flatten `array` up to `depth` times.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.4.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
+     * @param {number} [depth=1] The maximum recursion depth.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [1, [2, [3, [4]], 5]];
+     *
+     * _.flattenDepth(array, 1);
+     * // => [1, 2, [3, [4]], 5]
+     *
+     * _.flattenDepth(array, 2);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3, [4], 5]
+     */
+    function flattenDepth(array, depth) {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      if (!length) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      depth = depth === undefined ? 1 : toInteger(depth);
+      return baseFlatten(array, depth);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The inverse of `_.toPairs`; this method returns an object composed
+     * from key-value `pairs`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} pairs The key-value pairs.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.fromPairs([['a', 1], ['b', 2]]);
+     * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }
+     */
+    function fromPairs(pairs) {
+      var index = -1,
+          length = pairs ? pairs.length : 0,
+          result = {};
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var pair = pairs[index];
+        result[pair[0]] = pair[1];
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the first element of `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @alias first
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the first element of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.head([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => 1
+     *
+     * _.head([]);
+     * // => undefined
+     */
+    function head(array) {
+      return (array && array.length) ? array[0] : undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found in `array`
+     * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons. If `fromIndex` is negative, it's used as the
+     * offset from the end of `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+     * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2);
+     * // => 1
+     *
+     * // Search from the `fromIndex`.
+     * _.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2, 2);
+     * // => 3
+     */
+    function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      if (!length) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      var index = fromIndex == null ? 0 : toInteger(fromIndex);
+      if (index < 0) {
+        index = nativeMax(length + index, 0);
+      }
+      return baseIndexOf(array, value, index);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets all but the last element of `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.initial([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     */
+    function initial(array) {
+      return dropRight(array, 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of unique values that are included in all given arrays
+     * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons. The order of result values is determined by the
+     * order they occur in the first array.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of intersecting values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.intersection([2, 1], [2, 3]);
+     * // => [2]
+     */
+    var intersection = baseRest(function(arrays) {
+      var mapped = arrayMap(arrays, castArrayLikeObject);
+      return (mapped.length && mapped[0] === arrays[0])
+        ? baseIntersection(mapped)
+        : [];
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.intersection` except that it accepts `iteratee`
+     * which is invoked for each element of each `arrays` to generate the criterion
+     * by which they're compared. Result values are chosen from the first array.
+     * The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of intersecting values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.intersectionBy([2.1, 1.2], [2.3, 3.4], Math.floor);
+     * // => [2.1]
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.intersectionBy([{ 'x': 1 }], [{ 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
+     * // => [{ 'x': 1 }]
+     */
+    var intersectionBy = baseRest(function(arrays) {
+      var iteratee = last(arrays),
+          mapped = arrayMap(arrays, castArrayLikeObject);
+
+      if (iteratee === last(mapped)) {
+        iteratee = undefined;
+      } else {
+        mapped.pop();
+      }
+      return (mapped.length && mapped[0] === arrays[0])
+        ? baseIntersection(mapped, getIteratee(iteratee, 2))
+        : [];
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.intersection` except that it accepts `comparator`
+     * which is invoked to compare elements of `arrays`. Result values are chosen
+     * from the first array. The comparator is invoked with two arguments:
+     * (arrVal, othVal).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
+     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of intersecting values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }];
+     * var others = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }];
+     *
+     * _.intersectionWith(objects, others, _.isEqual);
+     * // => [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }]
+     */
+    var intersectionWith = baseRest(function(arrays) {
+      var comparator = last(arrays),
+          mapped = arrayMap(arrays, castArrayLikeObject);
+
+      if (comparator === last(mapped)) {
+        comparator = undefined;
+      } else {
+        mapped.pop();
+      }
+      return (mapped.length && mapped[0] === arrays[0])
+        ? baseIntersection(mapped, undefined, comparator)
+        : [];
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Converts all elements in `array` into a string separated by `separator`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to convert.
+     * @param {string} [separator=','] The element separator.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the joined string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.join(['a', 'b', 'c'], '~');
+     * // => 'a~b~c'
+     */
+    function join(array, separator) {
+      return array ? nativeJoin.call(array, separator) : '';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the last element of `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the last element of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.last([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => 3
+     */
+    function last(array) {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      return length ? array[length - 1] : undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.indexOf` except that it iterates over elements of
+     * `array` from right to left.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+     * @param {number} [fromIndex=array.length-1] The index to search from.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2);
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * // Search from the `fromIndex`.
+     * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2, 2);
+     * // => 1
+     */
+    function lastIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      if (!length) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      var index = length;
+      if (fromIndex !== undefined) {
+        index = toInteger(fromIndex);
+        index = (
+          index < 0
+            ? nativeMax(length + index, 0)
+            : nativeMin(index, length - 1)
+        ) + 1;
+      }
+      if (value !== value) {
+        return baseFindIndex(array, baseIsNaN, index - 1, true);
+      }
+      while (index--) {
+        if (array[index] === value) {
+          return index;
+        }
+      }
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the element at index `n` of `array`. If `n` is negative, the nth
+     * element from the end is returned.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.11.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {number} [n=0] The index of the element to return.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the nth element of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];
+     *
+     * _.nth(array, 1);
+     * // => 'b'
+     *
+     * _.nth(array, -2);
+     * // => 'c';
+     */
+    function nth(array, n) {
+      return (array && array.length) ? baseNth(array, toInteger(n)) : undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all given values from `array` using
+     * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike `_.without`, this method mutates `array`. Use `_.remove`
+     * to remove elements from an array by predicate.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+     * @param {...*} [values] The values to remove.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'c'];
+     *
+     * _.pull(array, 'a', 'c');
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => ['b', 'b']
+     */
+    var pull = baseRest(pullAll);
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.pull` except that it accepts an array of values to remove.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike `_.difference`, this method mutates `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+     * @param {Array} values The values to remove.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'c'];
+     *
+     * _.pullAll(array, ['a', 'c']);
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => ['b', 'b']
+     */
+    function pullAll(array, values) {
+      return (array && array.length && values && values.length)
+        ? basePullAll(array, values)
+        : array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.pullAll` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is
+     * invoked for each element of `array` and `values` to generate the criterion
+     * by which they're compared. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike `_.differenceBy`, this method mutates `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+     * @param {Array} values The values to remove.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity]
+     *  The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 3 }, { 'x': 1 }];
+     *
+     * _.pullAllBy(array, [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 3 }], 'x');
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [{ 'x': 2 }]
+     */
+    function pullAllBy(array, values, iteratee) {
+      return (array && array.length && values && values.length)
+        ? basePullAll(array, values, getIteratee(iteratee, 2))
+        : array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.pullAll` except that it accepts `comparator` which
+     * is invoked to compare elements of `array` to `values`. The comparator is
+     * invoked with two arguments: (arrVal, othVal).
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike `_.differenceWith`, this method mutates `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.6.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+     * @param {Array} values The values to remove.
+     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 3, 'y': 4 }, { 'x': 5, 'y': 6 }];
+     *
+     * _.pullAllWith(array, [{ 'x': 3, 'y': 4 }], _.isEqual);
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 5, 'y': 6 }]
+     */
+    function pullAllWith(array, values, comparator) {
+      return (array && array.length && values && values.length)
+        ? basePullAll(array, values, undefined, comparator)
+        : array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes elements from `array` corresponding to `indexes` and returns an
+     * array of removed elements.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike `_.at`, this method mutates `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+     * @param {...(number|number[])} [indexes] The indexes of elements to remove.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of removed elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];
+     * var pulled = _.pullAt(array, [1, 3]);
+     *
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => ['a', 'c']
+     *
+     * console.log(pulled);
+     * // => ['b', 'd']
+     */
+    var pullAt = baseRest(function(array, indexes) {
+      indexes = baseFlatten(indexes, 1);
+
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0,
+          result = baseAt(array, indexes);
+
+      basePullAt(array, arrayMap(indexes, function(index) {
+        return isIndex(index, length) ? +index : index;
+      }).sort(compareAscending));
+
+      return result;
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all elements from `array` that `predicate` returns truthy for
+     * and returns an array of the removed elements. The predicate is invoked
+     * with three arguments: (value, index, array).
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike `_.filter`, this method mutates `array`. Use `_.pull`
+     * to pull elements from an array by value.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity]
+     *  The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of removed elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [1, 2, 3, 4];
+     * var evens = _.remove(array, function(n) {
+     *   return n % 2 == 0;
+     * });
+     *
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [1, 3]
+     *
+     * console.log(evens);
+     * // => [2, 4]
+     */
+    function remove(array, predicate) {
+      var result = [];
+      if (!(array && array.length)) {
+        return result;
+      }
+      var index = -1,
+          indexes = [],
+          length = array.length;
+
+      predicate = getIteratee(predicate, 3);
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var value = array[index];
+        if (predicate(value, index, array)) {
+          result.push(value);
+          indexes.push(index);
+        }
+      }
+      basePullAt(array, indexes);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reverses `array` so that the first element becomes the last, the second
+     * element becomes the second to last, and so on.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `array` and is based on
+     * [`Array#reverse`](https://mdn.io/Array/reverse).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [1, 2, 3];
+     *
+     * _.reverse(array);
+     * // => [3, 2, 1]
+     *
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [3, 2, 1]
+     */
+    function reverse(array) {
+      return array ? nativeReverse.call(array) : array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` from `start` up to, but not including, `end`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is used instead of
+     * [`Array#slice`](https://mdn.io/Array/slice) to ensure dense arrays are
+     * returned.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to slice.
+     * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
+     * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     */
+    function slice(array, start, end) {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      if (!length) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      if (end && typeof end != 'number' && isIterateeCall(array, start, end)) {
+        start = 0;
+        end = length;
+      }
+      else {
+        start = start == null ? 0 : toInteger(start);
+        end = end === undefined ? length : toInteger(end);
+      }
+      return baseSlice(array, start, end);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Uses a binary search to determine the lowest index at which `value`
+     * should be inserted into `array` in order to maintain its sort order.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
+     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
+     *  into `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.sortedIndex([30, 50], 40);
+     * // => 1
+     */
+    function sortedIndex(array, value) {
+      return baseSortedIndex(array, value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.sortedIndex` except that it accepts `iteratee`
+     * which is invoked for `value` and each element of `array` to compute their
+     * sort ranking. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
+     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity]
+     *  The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
+     *  into `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [{ 'x': 4 }, { 'x': 5 }];
+     *
+     * _.sortedIndexBy(objects, { 'x': 4 }, function(o) { return o.x; });
+     * // => 0
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.sortedIndexBy(objects, { 'x': 4 }, 'x');
+     * // => 0
+     */
+    function sortedIndexBy(array, value, iteratee) {
+      return baseSortedIndexBy(array, value, getIteratee(iteratee, 2));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.indexOf` except that it performs a binary
+     * search on a sorted `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.sortedIndexOf([4, 5, 5, 5, 6], 5);
+     * // => 1
+     */
+    function sortedIndexOf(array, value) {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      if (length) {
+        var index = baseSortedIndex(array, value);
+        if (index < length && eq(array[index], value)) {
+          return index;
+        }
+      }
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.sortedIndex` except that it returns the highest
+     * index at which `value` should be inserted into `array` in order to
+     * maintain its sort order.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
+     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
+     *  into `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.sortedLastIndex([4, 5, 5, 5, 6], 5);
+     * // => 4
+     */
+    function sortedLastIndex(array, value) {
+      return baseSortedIndex(array, value, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.sortedLastIndex` except that it accepts `iteratee`
+     * which is invoked for `value` and each element of `array` to compute their
+     * sort ranking. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
+     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity]
+     *  The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
+     *  into `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [{ 'x': 4 }, { 'x': 5 }];
+     *
+     * _.sortedLastIndexBy(objects, { 'x': 4 }, function(o) { return o.x; });
+     * // => 1
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.sortedLastIndexBy(objects, { 'x': 4 }, 'x');
+     * // => 1
+     */
+    function sortedLastIndexBy(array, value, iteratee) {
+      return baseSortedIndexBy(array, value, getIteratee(iteratee, 2), true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.lastIndexOf` except that it performs a binary
+     * search on a sorted `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.sortedLastIndexOf([4, 5, 5, 5, 6], 5);
+     * // => 3
+     */
+    function sortedLastIndexOf(array, value) {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      if (length) {
+        var index = baseSortedIndex(array, value, true) - 1;
+        if (eq(array[index], value)) {
+          return index;
+        }
+      }
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.uniq` except that it's designed and optimized
+     * for sorted arrays.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.sortedUniq([1, 1, 2]);
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     */
+    function sortedUniq(array) {
+      return (array && array.length)
+        ? baseSortedUniq(array)
+        : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.uniqBy` except that it's designed and optimized
+     * for sorted arrays.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.sortedUniqBy([1.1, 1.2, 2.3, 2.4], Math.floor);
+     * // => [1.1, 2.3]
+     */
+    function sortedUniqBy(array, iteratee) {
+      return (array && array.length)
+        ? baseSortedUniq(array, getIteratee(iteratee, 2))
+        : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets all but the first element of `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.tail([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => [2, 3]
+     */
+    function tail(array) {
+      return drop(array, 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements taken from the beginning.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to take.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.take([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => [1]
+     *
+     * _.take([1, 2, 3], 2);
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     *
+     * _.take([1, 2, 3], 5);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * _.take([1, 2, 3], 0);
+     * // => []
+     */
+    function take(array, n, guard) {
+      if (!(array && array.length)) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      n = (guard || n === undefined) ? 1 : toInteger(n);
+      return baseSlice(array, 0, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements taken from the end.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to take.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => [3]
+     *
+     * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 2);
+     * // => [2, 3]
+     *
+     * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 5);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 0);
+     * // => []
+     */
+    function takeRight(array, n, guard) {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      if (!length) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      n = (guard || n === undefined) ? 1 : toInteger(n);
+      n = length - n;
+      return baseSlice(array, n < 0 ? 0 : n, length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` with elements taken from the end. Elements are
+     * taken until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is invoked with
+     * three arguments: (value, index, array).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity]
+     *  The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.takeRightWhile(users, function(o) { return !o.active; });
+     * // => objects for ['fred', 'pebbles']
+     *
+     * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.takeRightWhile(users, { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false });
+     * // => objects for ['pebbles']
+     *
+     * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.takeRightWhile(users, ['active', false]);
+     * // => objects for ['fred', 'pebbles']
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.takeRightWhile(users, 'active');
+     * // => []
+     */
+    function takeRightWhile(array, predicate) {
+      return (array && array.length)
+        ? baseWhile(array, getIteratee(predicate, 3), false, true)
+        : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a slice of `array` with elements taken from the beginning. Elements
+     * are taken until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is invoked with
+     * three arguments: (value, index, array).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity]
+     *  The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false},
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.takeWhile(users, function(o) { return !o.active; });
+     * // => objects for ['barney', 'fred']
+     *
+     * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.takeWhile(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
+     * // => objects for ['barney']
+     *
+     * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.takeWhile(users, ['active', false]);
+     * // => objects for ['barney', 'fred']
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.takeWhile(users, 'active');
+     * // => []
+     */
+    function takeWhile(array, predicate) {
+      return (array && array.length)
+        ? baseWhile(array, getIteratee(predicate, 3))
+        : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of unique values, in order, from all given arrays using
+     * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of combined values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.union([2], [1, 2]);
+     * // => [2, 1]
+     */
+    var union = baseRest(function(arrays) {
+      return baseUniq(baseFlatten(arrays, 1, isArrayLikeObject, true));
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.union` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is
+     * invoked for each element of each `arrays` to generate the criterion by
+     * which uniqueness is computed. Result values are chosen from the first
+     * array in which the value occurs. The iteratee is invoked with one argument:
+     * (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity]
+     *  The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of combined values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.unionBy([2.1], [1.2, 2.3], Math.floor);
+     * // => [2.1, 1.2]
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.unionBy([{ 'x': 1 }], [{ 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
+     * // => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]
+     */
+    var unionBy = baseRest(function(arrays) {
+      var iteratee = last(arrays);
+      if (isArrayLikeObject(iteratee)) {
+        iteratee = undefined;
+      }
+      return baseUniq(baseFlatten(arrays, 1, isArrayLikeObject, true), getIteratee(iteratee, 2));
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.union` except that it accepts `comparator` which
+     * is invoked to compare elements of `arrays`. Result values are chosen from
+     * the first array in which the value occurs. The comparator is invoked
+     * with two arguments: (arrVal, othVal).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
+     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of combined values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }];
+     * var others = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }];
+     *
+     * _.unionWith(objects, others, _.isEqual);
+     * // => [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 1 }]
+     */
+    var unionWith = baseRest(function(arrays) {
+      var comparator = last(arrays);
+      if (isArrayLikeObject(comparator)) {
+        comparator = undefined;
+      }
+      return baseUniq(baseFlatten(arrays, 1, isArrayLikeObject, true), undefined, comparator);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a duplicate-free version of an array, using
+     * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons, in which only the first occurrence of each
+     * element is kept.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.uniq([2, 1, 2]);
+     * // => [2, 1]
+     */
+    function uniq(array) {
+      return (array && array.length)
+        ? baseUniq(array)
+        : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.uniq` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is
+     * invoked for each element in `array` to generate the criterion by which
+     * uniqueness is computed. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity]
+     *  The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.uniqBy([2.1, 1.2, 2.3], Math.floor);
+     * // => [2.1, 1.2]
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.uniqBy([{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
+     * // => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]
+     */
+    function uniqBy(array, iteratee) {
+      return (array && array.length)
+        ? baseUniq(array, getIteratee(iteratee, 2))
+        : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.uniq` except that it accepts `comparator` which
+     * is invoked to compare elements of `array`. The comparator is invoked with
+     * two arguments: (arrVal, othVal).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }];
+     *
+     * _.uniqWith(objects, _.isEqual);
+     * // => [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }]
+     */
+    function uniqWith(array, comparator) {
+      return (array && array.length)
+        ? baseUniq(array, undefined, comparator)
+        : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.zip` except that it accepts an array of grouped
+     * elements and creates an array regrouping the elements to their pre-zip
+     * configuration.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 1.2.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array of grouped elements to process.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of regrouped elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var zipped = _.zip(['a', 'b'], [1, 2], [true, false]);
+     * // => [['a', 1, true], ['b', 2, false]]
+     *
+     * _.unzip(zipped);
+     * // => [['a', 'b'], [1, 2], [true, false]]
+     */
+    function unzip(array) {
+      if (!(array && array.length)) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      var length = 0;
+      array = arrayFilter(array, function(group) {
+        if (isArrayLikeObject(group)) {
+          length = nativeMax(group.length, length);
+          return true;
+        }
+      });
+      return baseTimes(length, function(index) {
+        return arrayMap(array, baseProperty(index));
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.unzip` except that it accepts `iteratee` to specify
+     * how regrouped values should be combined. The iteratee is invoked with the
+     * elements of each group: (...group).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.8.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array of grouped elements to process.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function to combine
+     *  regrouped values.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of regrouped elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var zipped = _.zip([1, 2], [10, 20], [100, 200]);
+     * // => [[1, 10, 100], [2, 20, 200]]
+     *
+     * _.unzipWith(zipped, _.add);
+     * // => [3, 30, 300]
+     */
+    function unzipWith(array, iteratee) {
+      if (!(array && array.length)) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      var result = unzip(array);
+      if (iteratee == null) {
+        return result;
+      }
+      return arrayMap(result, function(group) {
+        return apply(iteratee, undefined, group);
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array excluding all given values using
+     * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * for equality comparisons.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike `_.pull`, this method returns a new array.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
+     * @param {...*} [values] The values to exclude.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
+     * @see _.difference, _.xor
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.without([2, 1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
+     * // => [3]
+     */
+    var without = baseRest(function(array, values) {
+      return isArrayLikeObject(array)
+        ? baseDifference(array, values)
+        : [];
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of unique values that is the
+     * [symmetric difference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference)
+     * of the given arrays. The order of result values is determined by the order
+     * they occur in the arrays.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.4.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
+     * @see _.difference, _.without
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.xor([2, 1], [2, 3]);
+     * // => [1, 3]
+     */
+    var xor = baseRest(function(arrays) {
+      return baseXor(arrayFilter(arrays, isArrayLikeObject));
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.xor` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is
+     * invoked for each element of each `arrays` to generate the criterion by
+     * which by which they're compared. The iteratee is invoked with one argument:
+     * (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity]
+     *  The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.xorBy([2.1, 1.2], [2.3, 3.4], Math.floor);
+     * // => [1.2, 3.4]
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.xorBy([{ 'x': 1 }], [{ 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
+     * // => [{ 'x': 2 }]
+     */
+    var xorBy = baseRest(function(arrays) {
+      var iteratee = last(arrays);
+      if (isArrayLikeObject(iteratee)) {
+        iteratee = undefined;
+      }
+      return baseXor(arrayFilter(arrays, isArrayLikeObject), getIteratee(iteratee, 2));
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.xor` except that it accepts `comparator` which is
+     * invoked to compare elements of `arrays`. The comparator is invoked with
+     * two arguments: (arrVal, othVal).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
+     * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }, { 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }];
+     * var others = [{ 'x': 1, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 2 }];
+     *
+     * _.xorWith(objects, others, _.isEqual);
+     * // => [{ 'x': 2, 'y': 1 }, { 'x': 1, 'y': 1 }]
+     */
+    var xorWith = baseRest(function(arrays) {
+      var comparator = last(arrays);
+      if (isArrayLikeObject(comparator)) {
+        comparator = undefined;
+      }
+      return baseXor(arrayFilter(arrays, isArrayLikeObject), undefined, comparator);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of grouped elements, the first of which contains the
+     * first elements of the given arrays, the second of which contains the
+     * second elements of the given arrays, and so on.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to process.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of grouped elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.zip(['a', 'b'], [1, 2], [true, false]);
+     * // => [['a', 1, true], ['b', 2, false]]
+     */
+    var zip = baseRest(unzip);
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.fromPairs` except that it accepts two arrays,
+     * one of property identifiers and one of corresponding values.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.4.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} [props=[]] The property identifiers.
+     * @param {Array} [values=[]] The property values.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.zipObject(['a', 'b'], [1, 2]);
+     * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }
+     */
+    function zipObject(props, values) {
+      return baseZipObject(props || [], values || [], assignValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.zipObject` except that it supports property paths.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.1.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {Array} [props=[]] The property identifiers.
+     * @param {Array} [values=[]] The property values.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.zipObjectDeep(['a.b[0].c', 'a.b[1].d'], [1, 2]);
+     * // => { 'a': { 'b': [{ 'c': 1 }, { 'd': 2 }] } }
+     */
+    function zipObjectDeep(props, values) {
+      return baseZipObject(props || [], values || [], baseSet);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.zip` except that it accepts `iteratee` to specify
+     * how grouped values should be combined. The iteratee is invoked with the
+     * elements of each group: (...group).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.8.0
+     * @category Array
+     * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to process.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function to combine grouped values.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of grouped elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.zipWith([1, 2], [10, 20], [100, 200], function(a, b, c) {
+     *   return a + b + c;
+     * });
+     * // => [111, 222]
+     */
+    var zipWith = baseRest(function(arrays) {
+      var length = arrays.length,
+          iteratee = length > 1 ? arrays[length - 1] : undefined;
+
+      iteratee = typeof iteratee == 'function' ? (arrays.pop(), iteratee) : undefined;
+      return unzipWith(arrays, iteratee);
+    });
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a `lodash` wrapper instance that wraps `value` with explicit method
+     * chain sequences enabled. The result of such sequences must be unwrapped
+     * with `_#value`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 1.3.0
+     * @category Seq
+     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36 },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * var youngest = _
+     *   .chain(users)
+     *   .sortBy('age')
+     *   .map(function(o) {
+     *     return o.user + ' is ' + o.age;
+     *   })
+     *   .head()
+     *   .value();
+     * // => 'pebbles is 1'
+     */
+    function chain(value) {
+      var result = lodash(value);
+      result.__chain__ = true;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method invokes `interceptor` and returns `value`. The interceptor
+     * is invoked with one argument; (value). The purpose of this method is to
+     * "tap into" a method chain sequence in order to modify intermediate results.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Seq
+     * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
+     * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
+     * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _([1, 2, 3])
+     *  .tap(function(array) {
+     *    // Mutate input array.
+     *    array.pop();
+     *  })
+     *  .reverse()
+     *  .value();
+     * // => [2, 1]
+     */
+    function tap(value, interceptor) {
+      interceptor(value);
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.tap` except that it returns the result of `interceptor`.
+     * The purpose of this method is to "pass thru" values replacing intermediate
+     * results in a method chain sequence.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Seq
+     * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
+     * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the result of `interceptor`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _('  abc  ')
+     *  .chain()
+     *  .trim()
+     *  .thru(function(value) {
+     *    return [value];
+     *  })
+     *  .value();
+     * // => ['abc']
+     */
+    function thru(value, interceptor) {
+      return interceptor(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is the wrapper version of `_.at`.
+     *
+     * @name at
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 1.0.0
+     * @category Seq
+     * @param {...(string|string[])} [paths] The property paths of elements to pick.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }, 4] };
+     *
+     * _(object).at(['a[0].b.c', 'a[1]']).value();
+     * // => [3, 4]
+     */
+    var wrapperAt = baseRest(function(paths) {
+      paths = baseFlatten(paths, 1);
+      var length = paths.length,
+          start = length ? paths[0] : 0,
+          value = this.__wrapped__,
+          interceptor = function(object) { return baseAt(object, paths); };
+
+      if (length > 1 || this.__actions__.length ||
+          !(value instanceof LazyWrapper) || !isIndex(start)) {
+        return this.thru(interceptor);
+      }
+      value = value.slice(start, +start + (length ? 1 : 0));
+      value.__actions__.push({
+        'func': thru,
+        'args': [interceptor],
+        'thisArg': undefined
+      });
+      return new LodashWrapper(value, this.__chain__).thru(function(array) {
+        if (length && !array.length) {
+          array.push(undefined);
+        }
+        return array;
+      });
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a `lodash` wrapper instance with explicit method chain sequences enabled.
+     *
+     * @name chain
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Seq
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // A sequence without explicit chaining.
+     * _(users).head();
+     * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
+     *
+     * // A sequence with explicit chaining.
+     * _(users)
+     *   .chain()
+     *   .head()
+     *   .pick('user')
+     *   .value();
+     * // => { 'user': 'barney' }
+     */
+    function wrapperChain() {
+      return chain(this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Executes the chain sequence and returns the wrapped result.
+     *
+     * @name commit
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.2.0
+     * @category Seq
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [1, 2];
+     * var wrapped = _(array).push(3);
+     *
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     *
+     * wrapped = wrapped.commit();
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * wrapped.last();
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     */
+    function wrapperCommit() {
+      return new LodashWrapper(this.value(), this.__chain__);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the next value on a wrapped object following the
+     * [iterator protocol](https://mdn.io/iteration_protocols#iterator).
+     *
+     * @name next
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Seq
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the next iterator value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var wrapped = _([1, 2]);
+     *
+     * wrapped.next();
+     * // => { 'done': false, 'value': 1 }
+     *
+     * wrapped.next();
+     * // => { 'done': false, 'value': 2 }
+     *
+     * wrapped.next();
+     * // => { 'done': true, 'value': undefined }
+     */
+    function wrapperNext() {
+      if (this.__values__ === undefined) {
+        this.__values__ = toArray(this.value());
+      }
+      var done = this.__index__ >= this.__values__.length,
+          value = done ? undefined : this.__values__[this.__index__++];
+
+      return { 'done': done, 'value': value };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enables the wrapper to be iterable.
+     *
+     * @name Symbol.iterator
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Seq
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the wrapper object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var wrapped = _([1, 2]);
+     *
+     * wrapped[Symbol.iterator]() === wrapped;
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * Array.from(wrapped);
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     */
+    function wrapperToIterator() {
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a clone of the chain sequence planting `value` as the wrapped value.
+     *
+     * @name plant
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.2.0
+     * @category Seq
+     * @param {*} value The value to plant.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function square(n) {
+     *   return n * n;
+     * }
+     *
+     * var wrapped = _([1, 2]).map(square);
+     * var other = wrapped.plant([3, 4]);
+     *
+     * other.value();
+     * // => [9, 16]
+     *
+     * wrapped.value();
+     * // => [1, 4]
+     */
+    function wrapperPlant(value) {
+      var result,
+          parent = this;
+
+      while (parent instanceof baseLodash) {
+        var clone = wrapperClone(parent);
+        clone.__index__ = 0;
+        clone.__values__ = undefined;
+        if (result) {
+          previous.__wrapped__ = clone;
+        } else {
+          result = clone;
+        }
+        var previous = clone;
+        parent = parent.__wrapped__;
+      }
+      previous.__wrapped__ = value;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is the wrapper version of `_.reverse`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates the wrapped array.
+     *
+     * @name reverse
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Seq
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [1, 2, 3];
+     *
+     * _(array).reverse().value()
+     * // => [3, 2, 1]
+     *
+     * console.log(array);
+     * // => [3, 2, 1]
+     */
+    function wrapperReverse() {
+      var value = this.__wrapped__;
+      if (value instanceof LazyWrapper) {
+        var wrapped = value;
+        if (this.__actions__.length) {
+          wrapped = new LazyWrapper(this);
+        }
+        wrapped = wrapped.reverse();
+        wrapped.__actions__.push({
+          'func': thru,
+          'args': [reverse],
+          'thisArg': undefined
+        });
+        return new LodashWrapper(wrapped, this.__chain__);
+      }
+      return this.thru(reverse);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Executes the chain sequence to resolve the unwrapped value.
+     *
+     * @name value
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @alias toJSON, valueOf
+     * @category Seq
+     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved unwrapped value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _([1, 2, 3]).value();
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     */
+    function wrapperValue() {
+      return baseWrapperValue(this.__wrapped__, this.__actions__);
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
+     * each element of `collection` thru `iteratee`. The corresponding value of
+     * each key is the number of times the key was returned by `iteratee`. The
+     * iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.5.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity]
+     *  The iteratee to transform keys.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.countBy([6.1, 4.2, 6.3], Math.floor);
+     * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
+     * // => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }
+     */
+    var countBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
+      hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? ++result[key] : (result[key] = 1);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **all** elements of `collection`.
+     * Iteration is stopped once `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is
+     * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity]
+     *  The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.every(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.every(users, ['active', false]);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.every(users, 'active');
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function every(collection, predicate, guard) {
+      var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayEvery : baseEvery;
+      if (guard && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, guard)) {
+        predicate = undefined;
+      }
+      return func(collection, getIteratee(predicate, 3));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning an array of all elements
+     * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is invoked with three
+     * arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike `_.remove`, this method returns a new array.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity]
+     *  The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
+     * @see _.reject
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.filter(users, function(o) { return !o.active; });
+     * // => objects for ['fred']
+     *
+     * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.filter(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true });
+     * // => objects for ['barney']
+     *
+     * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.filter(users, ['active', false]);
+     * // => objects for ['fred']
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.filter(users, 'active');
+     * // => objects for ['barney']
+     */
+    function filter(collection, predicate) {
+      var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayFilter : baseFilter;
+      return func(collection, getIteratee(predicate, 3));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning the first element
+     * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is invoked with three
+     * arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to search.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity]
+     *  The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': true }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.find(users, function(o) { return o.age < 40; });
+     * // => object for 'barney'
+     *
+     * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.find(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true });
+     * // => object for 'pebbles'
+     *
+     * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.find(users, ['active', false]);
+     * // => object for 'fred'
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.find(users, 'active');
+     * // => object for 'barney'
+     */
+    var find = createFind(findIndex);
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.find` except that it iterates over elements of
+     * `collection` from right to left.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.0.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to search.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity]
+     *  The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {number} [fromIndex=collection.length-1] The index to search from.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.findLast([1, 2, 3, 4], function(n) {
+     *   return n % 2 == 1;
+     * });
+     * // => 3
+     */
+    var findLast = createFind(findLastIndex);
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a flattened array of values by running each element in `collection`
+     * thru `iteratee` and flattening the mapped results. The iteratee is invoked
+     * with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity]
+     *  The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function duplicate(n) {
+     *   return [n, n];
+     * }
+     *
+     * _.flatMap([1, 2], duplicate);
+     * // => [1, 1, 2, 2]
+     */
+    function flatMap(collection, iteratee) {
+      return baseFlatten(map(collection, iteratee), 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.flatMap` except that it recursively flattens the
+     * mapped results.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.7.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity]
+     *  The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function duplicate(n) {
+     *   return [[[n, n]]];
+     * }
+     *
+     * _.flatMapDeep([1, 2], duplicate);
+     * // => [1, 1, 2, 2]
+     */
+    function flatMapDeep(collection, iteratee) {
+      return baseFlatten(map(collection, iteratee), INFINITY);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.flatMap` except that it recursively flattens the
+     * mapped results up to `depth` times.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.7.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity]
+     *  The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {number} [depth=1] The maximum recursion depth.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function duplicate(n) {
+     *   return [[[n, n]]];
+     * }
+     *
+     * _.flatMapDepth([1, 2], duplicate, 2);
+     * // => [[1, 1], [2, 2]]
+     */
+    function flatMapDepth(collection, iteratee, depth) {
+      depth = depth === undefined ? 1 : toInteger(depth);
+      return baseFlatten(map(collection, iteratee), depth);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Iterates over elements of `collection` and invokes `iteratee` for each element.
+     * The iteratee is invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
+     * Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** As with other "Collections" methods, objects with a "length"
+     * property are iterated like arrays. To avoid this behavior use `_.forIn`
+     * or `_.forOwn` for object iteration.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @alias each
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array|Object} Returns `collection`.
+     * @see _.forEachRight
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _([1, 2]).forEach(function(value) {
+     *   console.log(value);
+     * });
+     * // => Logs `1` then `2`.
+     *
+     * _.forEach({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(value, key) {
+     *   console.log(key);
+     * });
+     * // => Logs 'a' then 'b' (iteration order is not guaranteed).
+     */
+    function forEach(collection, iteratee) {
+      var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayEach : baseEach;
+      return func(collection, getIteratee(iteratee, 3));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.forEach` except that it iterates over elements of
+     * `collection` from right to left.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.0.0
+     * @alias eachRight
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array|Object} Returns `collection`.
+     * @see _.forEach
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.forEachRight([1, 2], function(value) {
+     *   console.log(value);
+     * });
+     * // => Logs `2` then `1`.
+     */
+    function forEachRight(collection, iteratee) {
+      var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayEachRight : baseEachRight;
+      return func(collection, getIteratee(iteratee, 3));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
+     * each element of `collection` thru `iteratee`. The order of grouped values
+     * is determined by the order they occur in `collection`. The corresponding
+     * value of each key is an array of elements responsible for generating the
+     * key. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity]
+     *  The iteratee to transform keys.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.groupBy([6.1, 4.2, 6.3], Math.floor);
+     * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.3] }
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
+     * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
+     */
+    var groupBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
+      if (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key)) {
+        result[key].push(value);
+      } else {
+        result[key] = [value];
+      }
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is in `collection`. If `collection` is a string, it's
+     * checked for a substring of `value`, otherwise
+     * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * is used for equality comparisons. If `fromIndex` is negative, it's used as
+     * the offset from the end of `collection`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
+     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
+     * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.reduce`.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is found, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.includes({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, 1);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.includes('abcd', 'bc');
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function includes(collection, value, fromIndex, guard) {
+      collection = isArrayLike(collection) ? collection : values(collection);
+      fromIndex = (fromIndex && !guard) ? toInteger(fromIndex) : 0;
+
+      var length = collection.length;
+      if (fromIndex < 0) {
+        fromIndex = nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0);
+      }
+      return isString(collection)
+        ? (fromIndex <= length && collection.indexOf(value, fromIndex) > -1)
+        : (!!length && baseIndexOf(collection, value, fromIndex) > -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invokes the method at `path` of each element in `collection`, returning
+     * an array of the results of each invoked method. Any additional arguments
+     * are provided to each invoked method. If `path` is a function, it's invoked
+     * for, and `this` bound to, each element in `collection`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Array|Function|string} path The path of the method to invoke or
+     *  the function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke each method with.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.invokeMap([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
+     * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
+     *
+     * _.invokeMap([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
+     * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]
+     */
+    var invokeMap = baseRest(function(collection, path, args) {
+      var index = -1,
+          isFunc = typeof path == 'function',
+          isProp = isKey(path),
+          result = isArrayLike(collection) ? Array(collection.length) : [];
+
+      baseEach(collection, function(value) {
+        var func = isFunc ? path : ((isProp && value != null) ? value[path] : undefined);
+        result[++index] = func ? apply(func, value, args) : baseInvoke(value, path, args);
+      });
+      return result;
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
+     * each element of `collection` thru `iteratee`. The corresponding value of
+     * each key is the last element responsible for generating the key. The
+     * iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity]
+     *  The iteratee to transform keys.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [
+     *   { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 },
+     *   { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.keyBy(array, function(o) {
+     *   return String.fromCharCode(o.code);
+     * });
+     * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
+     *
+     * _.keyBy(array, 'dir');
+     * // => { 'left': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'right': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
+     */
+    var keyBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
+      result[key] = value;
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of values by running each element in `collection` thru
+     * `iteratee`. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments:
+     * (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like
+     * `_.every`, `_.filter`, `_.map`, `_.mapValues`, `_.reject`, and `_.some`.
+     *
+     * The guarded methods are:
+     * `ary`, `chunk`, `curry`, `curryRight`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `every`,
+     * `fill`, `invert`, `parseInt`, `random`, `range`, `rangeRight`, `repeat`,
+     * `sampleSize`, `slice`, `some`, `sortBy`, `split`, `take`, `takeRight`,
+     * `template`, `trim`, `trimEnd`, `trimStart`, and `words`
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function square(n) {
+     *   return n * n;
+     * }
+     *
+     * _.map([4, 8], square);
+     * // => [16, 64]
+     *
+     * _.map({ 'a': 4, 'b': 8 }, square);
+     * // => [16, 64] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney' },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred' }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.map(users, 'user');
+     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
+     */
+    function map(collection, iteratee) {
+      var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayMap : baseMap;
+      return func(collection, getIteratee(iteratee, 3));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.sortBy` except that it allows specifying the sort
+     * orders of the iteratees to sort by. If `orders` is unspecified, all values
+     * are sorted in ascending order. Otherwise, specify an order of "desc" for
+     * descending or "asc" for ascending sort order of corresponding values.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Array[]|Function[]|Object[]|string[]} [iteratees=[_.identity]]
+     *  The iteratees to sort by.
+     * @param {string[]} [orders] The sort orders of `iteratees`.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.reduce`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 48 },
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 34 },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 },
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // Sort by `user` in ascending order and by `age` in descending order.
+     * _.orderBy(users, ['user', 'age'], ['asc', 'desc']);
+     * // => objects for [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 40]]
+     */
+    function orderBy(collection, iteratees, orders, guard) {
+      if (collection == null) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      if (!isArray(iteratees)) {
+        iteratees = iteratees == null ? [] : [iteratees];
+      }
+      orders = guard ? undefined : orders;
+      if (!isArray(orders)) {
+        orders = orders == null ? [] : [orders];
+      }
+      return baseOrderBy(collection, iteratees, orders);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of elements split into two groups, the first of which
+     * contains elements `predicate` returns truthy for, the second of which
+     * contains elements `predicate` returns falsey for. The predicate is
+     * invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of grouped elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.partition(users, function(o) { return o.active; });
+     * // => objects for [['fred'], ['barney', 'pebbles']]
+     *
+     * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.partition(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': false });
+     * // => objects for [['pebbles'], ['barney', 'fred']]
+     *
+     * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.partition(users, ['active', false]);
+     * // => objects for [['barney', 'pebbles'], ['fred']]
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.partition(users, 'active');
+     * // => objects for [['fred'], ['barney', 'pebbles']]
+     */
+    var partition = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
+      result[key ? 0 : 1].push(value);
+    }, function() { return [[], []]; });
+
+    /**
+     * Reduces `collection` to a value which is the accumulated result of running
+     * each element in `collection` thru `iteratee`, where each successive
+     * invocation is supplied the return value of the previous. If `accumulator`
+     * is not given, the first element of `collection` is used as the initial
+     * value. The iteratee is invoked with four arguments:
+     * (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like
+     * `_.reduce`, `_.reduceRight`, and `_.transform`.
+     *
+     * The guarded methods are:
+     * `assign`, `defaults`, `defaultsDeep`, `includes`, `merge`, `orderBy`,
+     * and `sortBy`
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
+     * @see _.reduceRight
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.reduce([1, 2], function(sum, n) {
+     *   return sum + n;
+     * }, 0);
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * _.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1 }, function(result, value, key) {
+     *   (result[value] || (result[value] = [])).push(key);
+     *   return result;
+     * }, {});
+     * // => { '1': ['a', 'c'], '2': ['b'] } (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     */
+    function reduce(collection, iteratee, accumulator) {
+      var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayReduce : baseReduce,
+          initAccum = arguments.length < 3;
+
+      return func(collection, getIteratee(iteratee, 4), accumulator, initAccum, baseEach);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.reduce` except that it iterates over elements of
+     * `collection` from right to left.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
+     * @see _.reduce
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
+     *
+     * _.reduceRight(array, function(flattened, other) {
+     *   return flattened.concat(other);
+     * }, []);
+     * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
+     */
+    function reduceRight(collection, iteratee, accumulator) {
+      var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayReduceRight : baseReduce,
+          initAccum = arguments.length < 3;
+
+      return func(collection, getIteratee(iteratee, 4), accumulator, initAccum, baseEachRight);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The opposite of `_.filter`; this method returns the elements of `collection`
+     * that `predicate` does **not** return truthy for.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
+     * @see _.filter
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': false },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': true }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.reject(users, function(o) { return !o.active; });
+     * // => objects for ['fred']
+     *
+     * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.reject(users, { 'age': 40, 'active': true });
+     * // => objects for ['barney']
+     *
+     * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.reject(users, ['active', false]);
+     * // => objects for ['fred']
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.reject(users, 'active');
+     * // => objects for ['barney']
+     */
+    function reject(collection, predicate) {
+      var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayFilter : baseFilter;
+      return func(collection, negate(getIteratee(predicate, 3)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets a random element from `collection`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.0.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to sample.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the random element.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4]);
+     * // => 2
+     */
+    function sample(collection) {
+      var array = isArrayLike(collection) ? collection : values(collection),
+          length = array.length;
+
+      return length > 0 ? array[baseRandom(0, length - 1)] : undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets `n` random elements at unique keys from `collection` up to the
+     * size of `collection`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to sample.
+     * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to sample.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the random elements.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.sampleSize([1, 2, 3], 2);
+     * // => [3, 1]
+     *
+     * _.sampleSize([1, 2, 3], 4);
+     * // => [2, 3, 1]
+     */
+    function sampleSize(collection, n, guard) {
+      var index = -1,
+          result = toArray(collection),
+          length = result.length,
+          lastIndex = length - 1;
+
+      if ((guard ? isIterateeCall(collection, n, guard) : n === undefined)) {
+        n = 1;
+      } else {
+        n = baseClamp(toInteger(n), 0, length);
+      }
+      while (++index < n) {
+        var rand = baseRandom(index, lastIndex),
+            value = result[rand];
+
+        result[rand] = result[index];
+        result[index] = value;
+      }
+      result.length = n;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of shuffled values, using a version of the
+     * [Fisher-Yates shuffle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to shuffle.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new shuffled array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4]);
+     * // => [4, 1, 3, 2]
+     */
+    function shuffle(collection) {
+      return sampleSize(collection, MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the size of `collection` by returning its length for array-like
+     * values or the number of own enumerable string keyed properties for objects.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to inspect.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the collection size.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.size([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * _.size({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 });
+     * // => 2
+     *
+     * _.size('pebbles');
+     * // => 7
+     */
+    function size(collection) {
+      if (collection == null) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+      if (isArrayLike(collection)) {
+        var result = collection.length;
+        return (result && isString(collection)) ? stringSize(collection) : result;
+      }
+      if (isObjectLike(collection)) {
+        var tag = getTag(collection);
+        if (tag == mapTag || tag == setTag) {
+          return collection.size;
+        }
+      }
+      return keys(collection).length;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **any** element of `collection`.
+     * Iteration is stopped once `predicate` returns truthy. The predicate is
+     * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.some(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.some(users, ['active', false]);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.some(users, 'active');
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function some(collection, predicate, guard) {
+      var func = isArray(collection) ? arraySome : baseSome;
+      if (guard && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, guard)) {
+        predicate = undefined;
+      }
+      return func(collection, getIteratee(predicate, 3));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of
+     * running each element in a collection thru each iteratee. This method
+     * performs a stable sort, that is, it preserves the original sort order of
+     * equal elements. The iteratees are invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Collection
+     * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
+     * @param {...(Function|Function[])} [iteratees=[_.identity]]
+     *  The iteratees to sort by.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 48 },
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 },
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 34 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.sortBy(users, function(o) { return o.user; });
+     * // => objects for [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 40]]
+     *
+     * _.sortBy(users, ['user', 'age']);
+     * // => objects for [['barney', 34], ['barney', 36], ['fred', 40], ['fred', 48]]
+     *
+     * _.sortBy(users, 'user', function(o) {
+     *   return Math.floor(o.age / 10);
+     * });
+     * // => objects for [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 40]]
+     */
+    var sortBy = baseRest(function(collection, iteratees) {
+      if (collection == null) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      var length = iteratees.length;
+      if (length > 1 && isIterateeCall(collection, iteratees[0], iteratees[1])) {
+        iteratees = [];
+      } else if (length > 2 && isIterateeCall(iteratees[0], iteratees[1], iteratees[2])) {
+        iteratees = [iteratees[0]];
+      }
+      return baseOrderBy(collection, baseFlatten(iteratees, 1), []);
+    });
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the timestamp of the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since
+     * the Unix epoch (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.4.0
+     * @category Date
+     * @returns {number} Returns the timestamp.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.defer(function(stamp) {
+     *   console.log(_.now() - stamp);
+     * }, _.now());
+     * // => Logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred invocation.
+     */
+    function now() {
+      return Date.now();
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * The opposite of `_.before`; this method creates a function that invokes
+     * `func` once it's called `n` or more times.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {number} n The number of calls before `func` is invoked.
+     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var saves = ['profile', 'settings'];
+     *
+     * var done = _.after(saves.length, function() {
+     *   console.log('done saving!');
+     * });
+     *
+     * _.forEach(saves, function(type) {
+     *   asyncSave({ 'type': type, 'complete': done });
+     * });
+     * // => Logs 'done saving!' after the two async saves have completed.
+     */
+    function after(n, func) {
+      if (typeof func != 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+      }
+      n = toInteger(n);
+      return function() {
+        if (--n < 1) {
+          return func.apply(this, arguments);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func`, with up to `n` arguments,
+     * ignoring any additional arguments.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to cap arguments for.
+     * @param {number} [n=func.length] The arity cap.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new capped function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.map(['6', '8', '10'], _.ary(parseInt, 1));
+     * // => [6, 8, 10]
+     */
+    function ary(func, n, guard) {
+      n = guard ? undefined : n;
+      n = (func && n == null) ? func.length : n;
+      return createWrap(func, ARY_FLAG, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, n);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func`, with the `this` binding and arguments
+     * of the created function, while it's called less than `n` times. Subsequent
+     * calls to the created function return the result of the last `func` invocation.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {number} n The number of calls at which `func` is no longer invoked.
+     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * jQuery(element).on('click', _.before(5, addContactToList));
+     * // => Allows adding up to 4 contacts to the list.
+     */
+    function before(n, func) {
+      var result;
+      if (typeof func != 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+      }
+      n = toInteger(n);
+      return function() {
+        if (--n > 0) {
+          result = func.apply(this, arguments);
+        }
+        if (n <= 1) {
+          func = undefined;
+        }
+        return result;
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of `thisArg`
+     * and `partials` prepended to the arguments it receives.
+     *
+     * The `_.bind.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic builds,
+     * may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Unlike native `Function#bind`, this method doesn't set the "length"
+     * property of bound functions.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
+     * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
+     * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function greet(greeting, punctuation) {
+     *   return greeting + ' ' + this.user + punctuation;
+     * }
+     *
+     * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
+     *
+     * var bound = _.bind(greet, object, 'hi');
+     * bound('!');
+     * // => 'hi fred!'
+     *
+     * // Bound with placeholders.
+     * var bound = _.bind(greet, object, _, '!');
+     * bound('hi');
+     * // => 'hi fred!'
+     */
+    var bind = baseRest(function(func, thisArg, partials) {
+      var bitmask = BIND_FLAG;
+      if (partials.length) {
+        var holders = replaceHolders(partials, getHolder(bind));
+        bitmask |= PARTIAL_FLAG;
+      }
+      return createWrap(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes the method at `object[key]` with `partials`
+     * prepended to the arguments it receives.
+     *
+     * This method differs from `_.bind` by allowing bound functions to reference
+     * methods that may be redefined or don't yet exist. See
+     * [Peter Michaux's article](http://peter.michaux.ca/articles/lazy-function-definition-pattern)
+     * for more details.
+     *
+     * The `_.bindKey.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
+     * builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.10.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Object} object The object to invoke the method on.
+     * @param {string} key The key of the method.
+     * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = {
+     *   'user': 'fred',
+     *   'greet': function(greeting, punctuation) {
+     *     return greeting + ' ' + this.user + punctuation;
+     *   }
+     * };
+     *
+     * var bound = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', 'hi');
+     * bound('!');
+     * // => 'hi fred!'
+     *
+     * object.greet = function(greeting, punctuation) {
+     *   return greeting + 'ya ' + this.user + punctuation;
+     * };
+     *
+     * bound('!');
+     * // => 'hiya fred!'
+     *
+     * // Bound with placeholders.
+     * var bound = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', _, '!');
+     * bound('hi');
+     * // => 'hiya fred!'
+     */
+    var bindKey = baseRest(function(object, key, partials) {
+      var bitmask = BIND_FLAG | BIND_KEY_FLAG;
+      if (partials.length) {
+        var holders = replaceHolders(partials, getHolder(bindKey));
+        bitmask |= PARTIAL_FLAG;
+      }
+      return createWrap(key, bitmask, object, partials, holders);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that accepts arguments of `func` and either invokes
+     * `func` returning its result, if at least `arity` number of arguments have
+     * been provided, or returns a function that accepts the remaining `func`
+     * arguments, and so on. The arity of `func` may be specified if `func.length`
+     * is not sufficient.
+     *
+     * The `_.curry.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic builds,
+     * may be used as a placeholder for provided arguments.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method doesn't set the "length" property of curried functions.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.0.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to curry.
+     * @param {number} [arity=func.length] The arity of `func`.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new curried function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var abc = function(a, b, c) {
+     *   return [a, b, c];
+     * };
+     *
+     * var curried = _.curry(abc);
+     *
+     * curried(1)(2)(3);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * curried(1, 2)(3);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * curried(1, 2, 3);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * // Curried with placeholders.
+     * curried(1)(_, 3)(2);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     */
+    function curry(func, arity, guard) {
+      arity = guard ? undefined : arity;
+      var result = createWrap(func, CURRY_FLAG, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, arity);
+      result.placeholder = curry.placeholder;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.curry` except that arguments are applied to `func`
+     * in the manner of `_.partialRight` instead of `_.partial`.
+     *
+     * The `_.curryRight.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
+     * builds, may be used as a placeholder for provided arguments.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method doesn't set the "length" property of curried functions.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to curry.
+     * @param {number} [arity=func.length] The arity of `func`.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new curried function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var abc = function(a, b, c) {
+     *   return [a, b, c];
+     * };
+     *
+     * var curried = _.curryRight(abc);
+     *
+     * curried(3)(2)(1);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * curried(2, 3)(1);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * curried(1, 2, 3);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * // Curried with placeholders.
+     * curried(3)(1, _)(2);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3]
+     */
+    function curryRight(func, arity, guard) {
+      arity = guard ? undefined : arity;
+      var result = createWrap(func, CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, arity);
+      result.placeholder = curryRight.placeholder;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a debounced function that delays invoking `func` until after `wait`
+     * milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was
+     * invoked. The debounced function comes with a `cancel` method to cancel
+     * delayed `func` invocations and a `flush` method to immediately invoke them.
+     * Provide `options` to indicate whether `func` should be invoked on the
+     * leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. The `func` is invoked
+     * with the last arguments provided to the debounced function. Subsequent
+     * calls to the debounced function return the result of the last `func`
+     * invocation.
+     *
+     * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is
+     * invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the debounced function
+     * is invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
+     *
+     * If `wait` is `0` and `leading` is `false`, `func` invocation is deferred
+     * until to the next tick, similar to `setTimeout` with a timeout of `0`.
+     *
+     * See [David Corbacho's article](https://css-tricks.com/debouncing-throttling-explained-examples/)
+     * for details over the differences between `_.debounce` and `_.throttle`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
+     * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to delay.
+     * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false]
+     *  Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout.
+     * @param {number} [options.maxWait]
+     *  The maximum time `func` is allowed to be delayed before it's invoked.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true]
+     *  Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // Avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux.
+     * jQuery(window).on('resize', _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150));
+     *
+     * // Invoke `sendMail` when clicked, debouncing subsequent calls.
+     * jQuery(element).on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {
+     *   'leading': true,
+     *   'trailing': false
+     * }));
+     *
+     * // Ensure `batchLog` is invoked once after 1 second of debounced calls.
+     * var debounced = _.debounce(batchLog, 250, { 'maxWait': 1000 });
+     * var source = new EventSource('/stream');
+     * jQuery(source).on('message', debounced);
+     *
+     * // Cancel the trailing debounced invocation.
+     * jQuery(window).on('popstate', debounced.cancel);
+     */
+    function debounce(func, wait, options) {
+      var lastArgs,
+          lastThis,
+          maxWait,
+          result,
+          timerId,
+          lastCallTime,
+          lastInvokeTime = 0,
+          leading = false,
+          maxing = false,
+          trailing = true;
+
+      if (typeof func != 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+      }
+      wait = toNumber(wait) || 0;
+      if (isObject(options)) {
+        leading = !!options.leading;
+        maxing = 'maxWait' in options;
+        maxWait = maxing ? nativeMax(toNumber(options.maxWait) || 0, wait) : maxWait;
+        trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
+      }
+
+      function invokeFunc(time) {
+        var args = lastArgs,
+            thisArg = lastThis;
+
+        lastArgs = lastThis = undefined;
+        lastInvokeTime = time;
+        result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      function leadingEdge(time) {
+        // Reset any `maxWait` timer.
+        lastInvokeTime = time;
+        // Start the timer for the trailing edge.
+        timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);
+        // Invoke the leading edge.
+        return leading ? invokeFunc(time) : result;
+      }
+
+      function remainingWait(time) {
+        var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime,
+            timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime,
+            result = wait - timeSinceLastCall;
+
+        return maxing ? nativeMin(result, maxWait - timeSinceLastInvoke) : result;
+      }
+
+      function shouldInvoke(time) {
+        var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime,
+            timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime;
+
+        // Either this is the first call, activity has stopped and we're at the
+        // trailing edge, the system time has gone backwards and we're treating
+        // it as the trailing edge, or we've hit the `maxWait` limit.
+        return (lastCallTime === undefined || (timeSinceLastCall >= wait) ||
+          (timeSinceLastCall < 0) || (maxing && timeSinceLastInvoke >= maxWait));
+      }
+
+      function timerExpired() {
+        var time = now();
+        if (shouldInvoke(time)) {
+          return trailingEdge(time);
+        }
+        // Restart the timer.
+        timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, remainingWait(time));
+      }
+
+      function trailingEdge(time) {
+        timerId = undefined;
+
+        // Only invoke if we have `lastArgs` which means `func` has been
+        // debounced at least once.
+        if (trailing && lastArgs) {
+          return invokeFunc(time);
+        }
+        lastArgs = lastThis = undefined;
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      function cancel() {
+        if (timerId !== undefined) {
+          clearTimeout(timerId);
+        }
+        lastInvokeTime = 0;
+        lastArgs = lastCallTime = lastThis = timerId = undefined;
+      }
+
+      function flush() {
+        return timerId === undefined ? result : trailingEdge(now());
+      }
+
+      function debounced() {
+        var time = now(),
+            isInvoking = shouldInvoke(time);
+
+        lastArgs = arguments;
+        lastThis = this;
+        lastCallTime = time;
+
+        if (isInvoking) {
+          if (timerId === undefined) {
+            return leadingEdge(lastCallTime);
+          }
+          if (maxing) {
+            // Handle invocations in a tight loop.
+            timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);
+            return invokeFunc(lastCallTime);
+          }
+        }
+        if (timerId === undefined) {
+          timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      debounced.cancel = cancel;
+      debounced.flush = flush;
+      return debounced;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Defers invoking the `func` until the current call stack has cleared. Any
+     * additional arguments are provided to `func` when it's invoked.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to defer.
+     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke `func` with.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.defer(function(text) {
+     *   console.log(text);
+     * }, 'deferred');
+     * // => Logs 'deferred' after one or more milliseconds.
+     */
+    var defer = baseRest(function(func, args) {
+      return baseDelay(func, 1, args);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Invokes `func` after `wait` milliseconds. Any additional arguments are
+     * provided to `func` when it's invoked.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
+     * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay invocation.
+     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke `func` with.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.delay(function(text) {
+     *   console.log(text);
+     * }, 1000, 'later');
+     * // => Logs 'later' after one second.
+     */
+    var delay = baseRest(function(func, wait, args) {
+      return baseDelay(func, toNumber(wait) || 0, args);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with arguments reversed.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to flip arguments for.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new flipped function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var flipped = _.flip(function() {
+     *   return _.toArray(arguments);
+     * });
+     *
+     * flipped('a', 'b', 'c', 'd');
+     * // => ['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']
+     */
+    function flip(func) {
+      return createWrap(func, FLIP_FLAG);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is
+     * provided, it determines the cache key for storing the result based on the
+     * arguments provided to the memoized function. By default, the first argument
+     * provided to the memoized function is used as the map cache key. The `func`
+     * is invoked with the `this` binding of the memoized function.
+     *
+     * **Note:** The cache is exposed as the `cache` property on the memoized
+     * function. Its creation may be customized by replacing the `_.memoize.Cache`
+     * constructor with one whose instances implement the
+     * [`Map`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-properties-of-the-map-prototype-object)
+     * method interface of `delete`, `get`, `has`, and `set`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.
+     * @param {Function} [resolver] The function to resolve the cache key.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoized function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 };
+     * var other = { 'c': 3, 'd': 4 };
+     *
+     * var values = _.memoize(_.values);
+     * values(object);
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     *
+     * values(other);
+     * // => [3, 4]
+     *
+     * object.a = 2;
+     * values(object);
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     *
+     * // Modify the result cache.
+     * values.cache.set(object, ['a', 'b']);
+     * values(object);
+     * // => ['a', 'b']
+     *
+     * // Replace `_.memoize.Cache`.
+     * _.memoize.Cache = WeakMap;
+     */
+    function memoize(func, resolver) {
+      if (typeof func != 'function' || (resolver && typeof resolver != 'function')) {
+        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+      }
+      var memoized = function() {
+        var args = arguments,
+            key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, args) : args[0],
+            cache = memoized.cache;
+
+        if (cache.has(key)) {
+          return cache.get(key);
+        }
+        var result = func.apply(this, args);
+        memoized.cache = cache.set(key, result);
+        return result;
+      };
+      memoized.cache = new (memoize.Cache || MapCache);
+      return memoized;
+    }
+
+    // Assign cache to `_.memoize`.
+    memoize.Cache = MapCache;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that negates the result of the predicate `func`. The
+     * `func` predicate is invoked with the `this` binding and arguments of the
+     * created function.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} predicate The predicate to negate.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new negated function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function isEven(n) {
+     *   return n % 2 == 0;
+     * }
+     *
+     * _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], _.negate(isEven));
+     * // => [1, 3, 5]
+     */
+    function negate(predicate) {
+      if (typeof predicate != 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+      }
+      return function() {
+        var args = arguments;
+        switch (args.length) {
+          case 0: return !predicate.call(this);
+          case 1: return !predicate.call(this, args[0]);
+          case 2: return !predicate.call(this, args[0], args[1]);
+          case 3: return !predicate.call(this, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
+        }
+        return !predicate.apply(this, args);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that is restricted to invoking `func` once. Repeat calls
+     * to the function return the value of the first invocation. The `func` is
+     * invoked with the `this` binding and arguments of the created function.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
+     * initialize();
+     * initialize();
+     * // => `createApplication` is invoked once
+     */
+    function once(func) {
+      return before(2, func);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with its arguments transformed.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
+     * @param {...(Function|Function[])} [transforms=[_.identity]]
+     *  The argument transforms.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function doubled(n) {
+     *   return n * 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * function square(n) {
+     *   return n * n;
+     * }
+     *
+     * var func = _.overArgs(function(x, y) {
+     *   return [x, y];
+     * }, [square, doubled]);
+     *
+     * func(9, 3);
+     * // => [81, 6]
+     *
+     * func(10, 5);
+     * // => [100, 10]
+     */
+    var overArgs = baseRest(function(func, transforms) {
+      transforms = (transforms.length == 1 && isArray(transforms[0]))
+        ? arrayMap(transforms[0], baseUnary(getIteratee()))
+        : arrayMap(baseFlatten(transforms, 1), baseUnary(getIteratee()));
+
+      var funcsLength = transforms.length;
+      return baseRest(function(args) {
+        var index = -1,
+            length = nativeMin(args.length, funcsLength);
+
+        while (++index < length) {
+          args[index] = transforms[index].call(this, args[index]);
+        }
+        return apply(func, this, args);
+      });
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with `partials` prepended to the
+     * arguments it receives. This method is like `_.bind` except it does **not**
+     * alter the `this` binding.
+     *
+     * The `_.partial.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
+     * builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method doesn't set the "length" property of partially
+     * applied functions.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.2.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
+     * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function greet(greeting, name) {
+     *   return greeting + ' ' + name;
+     * }
+     *
+     * var sayHelloTo = _.partial(greet, 'hello');
+     * sayHelloTo('fred');
+     * // => 'hello fred'
+     *
+     * // Partially applied with placeholders.
+     * var greetFred = _.partial(greet, _, 'fred');
+     * greetFred('hi');
+     * // => 'hi fred'
+     */
+    var partial = baseRest(function(func, partials) {
+      var holders = replaceHolders(partials, getHolder(partial));
+      return createWrap(func, PARTIAL_FLAG, undefined, partials, holders);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.partial` except that partially applied arguments
+     * are appended to the arguments it receives.
+     *
+     * The `_.partialRight.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
+     * builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method doesn't set the "length" property of partially
+     * applied functions.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 1.0.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
+     * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function greet(greeting, name) {
+     *   return greeting + ' ' + name;
+     * }
+     *
+     * var greetFred = _.partialRight(greet, 'fred');
+     * greetFred('hi');
+     * // => 'hi fred'
+     *
+     * // Partially applied with placeholders.
+     * var sayHelloTo = _.partialRight(greet, 'hello', _);
+     * sayHelloTo('fred');
+     * // => 'hello fred'
+     */
+    var partialRight = baseRest(function(func, partials) {
+      var holders = replaceHolders(partials, getHolder(partialRight));
+      return createWrap(func, PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG, undefined, partials, holders);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with arguments arranged according
+     * to the specified `indexes` where the argument value at the first index is
+     * provided as the first argument, the argument value at the second index is
+     * provided as the second argument, and so on.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to rearrange arguments for.
+     * @param {...(number|number[])} indexes The arranged argument indexes.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var rearged = _.rearg(function(a, b, c) {
+     *   return [a, b, c];
+     * }, [2, 0, 1]);
+     *
+     * rearged('b', 'c', 'a')
+     * // => ['a', 'b', 'c']
+     */
+    var rearg = baseRest(function(func, indexes) {
+      return createWrap(func, REARG_FLAG, undefined, undefined, undefined, baseFlatten(indexes, 1));
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of the
+     * created function and arguments from `start` and beyond provided as
+     * an array.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is based on the
+     * [rest parameter](https://mdn.io/rest_parameters).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to apply a rest parameter to.
+     * @param {number} [start=func.length-1] The start position of the rest parameter.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var say = _.rest(function(what, names) {
+     *   return what + ' ' + _.initial(names).join(', ') +
+     *     (_.size(names) > 1 ? ', & ' : '') + _.last(names);
+     * });
+     *
+     * say('hello', 'fred', 'barney', 'pebbles');
+     * // => 'hello fred, barney, & pebbles'
+     */
+    function rest(func, start) {
+      if (typeof func != 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+      }
+      start = start === undefined ? start : toInteger(start);
+      return baseRest(func, start);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of the
+     * create function and an array of arguments much like
+     * [`Function#apply`](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-function.prototype.apply).
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is based on the
+     * [spread operator](https://mdn.io/spread_operator).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.2.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to spread arguments over.
+     * @param {number} [start=0] The start position of the spread.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var say = _.spread(function(who, what) {
+     *   return who + ' says ' + what;
+     * });
+     *
+     * say(['fred', 'hello']);
+     * // => 'fred says hello'
+     *
+     * var numbers = Promise.all([
+     *   Promise.resolve(40),
+     *   Promise.resolve(36)
+     * ]);
+     *
+     * numbers.then(_.spread(function(x, y) {
+     *   return x + y;
+     * }));
+     * // => a Promise of 76
+     */
+    function spread(func, start) {
+      if (typeof func != 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+      }
+      start = start === undefined ? 0 : nativeMax(toInteger(start), 0);
+      return baseRest(function(args) {
+        var array = args[start],
+            otherArgs = castSlice(args, 0, start);
+
+        if (array) {
+          arrayPush(otherArgs, array);
+        }
+        return apply(func, this, otherArgs);
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a throttled function that only invokes `func` at most once per
+     * every `wait` milliseconds. The throttled function comes with a `cancel`
+     * method to cancel delayed `func` invocations and a `flush` method to
+     * immediately invoke them. Provide `options` to indicate whether `func`
+     * should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait`
+     * timeout. The `func` is invoked with the last arguments provided to the
+     * throttled function. Subsequent calls to the throttled function return the
+     * result of the last `func` invocation.
+     *
+     * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is
+     * invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the throttled function
+     * is invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
+     *
+     * If `wait` is `0` and `leading` is `false`, `func` invocation is deferred
+     * until to the next tick, similar to `setTimeout` with a timeout of `0`.
+     *
+     * See [David Corbacho's article](https://css-tricks.com/debouncing-throttling-explained-examples/)
+     * for details over the differences between `_.throttle` and `_.debounce`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.
+     * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to throttle invocations to.
+     * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.leading=true]
+     *  Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true]
+     *  Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // Avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling.
+     * jQuery(window).on('scroll', _.throttle(updatePosition, 100));
+     *
+     * // Invoke `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes.
+     * var throttled = _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, { 'trailing': false });
+     * jQuery(element).on('click', throttled);
+     *
+     * // Cancel the trailing throttled invocation.
+     * jQuery(window).on('popstate', throttled.cancel);
+     */
+    function throttle(func, wait, options) {
+      var leading = true,
+          trailing = true;
+
+      if (typeof func != 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+      }
+      if (isObject(options)) {
+        leading = 'leading' in options ? !!options.leading : leading;
+        trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
+      }
+      return debounce(func, wait, {
+        'leading': leading,
+        'maxWait': wait,
+        'trailing': trailing
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that accepts up to one argument, ignoring any
+     * additional arguments.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {Function} func The function to cap arguments for.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new capped function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.map(['6', '8', '10'], _.unary(parseInt));
+     * // => [6, 8, 10]
+     */
+    function unary(func) {
+      return ary(func, 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that provides `value` to `wrapper` as its first
+     * argument. Any additional arguments provided to the function are appended
+     * to those provided to the `wrapper`. The wrapper is invoked with the `this`
+     * binding of the created function.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Function
+     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
+     * @param {Function} [wrapper=identity] The wrapper function.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var p = _.wrap(_.escape, function(func, text) {
+     *   return '<p>' + func(text) + '</p>';
+     * });
+     *
+     * p('fred, barney, & pebbles');
+     * // => '<p>fred, barney, &amp; pebbles</p>'
+     */
+    function wrap(value, wrapper) {
+      wrapper = wrapper == null ? identity : wrapper;
+      return partial(wrapper, value);
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Casts `value` as an array if it's not one.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.4.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to inspect.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the cast array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.castArray(1);
+     * // => [1]
+     *
+     * _.castArray({ 'a': 1 });
+     * // => [{ 'a': 1 }]
+     *
+     * _.castArray('abc');
+     * // => ['abc']
+     *
+     * _.castArray(null);
+     * // => [null]
+     *
+     * _.castArray(undefined);
+     * // => [undefined]
+     *
+     * _.castArray();
+     * // => []
+     *
+     * var array = [1, 2, 3];
+     * console.log(_.castArray(array) === array);
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function castArray() {
+      if (!arguments.length) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      var value = arguments[0];
+      return isArray(value) ? value : [value];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a shallow clone of `value`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is loosely based on the
+     * [structured clone algorithm](https://mdn.io/Structured_clone_algorithm)
+     * and supports cloning arrays, array buffers, booleans, date objects, maps,
+     * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, sets, strings, symbols, and typed
+     * arrays. The own enumerable properties of `arguments` objects are cloned
+     * as plain objects. An empty object is returned for uncloneable values such
+     * as error objects, functions, DOM nodes, and WeakMaps.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to clone.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
+     * @see _.cloneDeep
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [{ 'a': 1 }, { 'b': 2 }];
+     *
+     * var shallow = _.clone(objects);
+     * console.log(shallow[0] === objects[0]);
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function clone(value) {
+      return baseClone(value, false, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.clone` except that it accepts `customizer` which
+     * is invoked to produce the cloned value. If `customizer` returns `undefined`,
+     * cloning is handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is invoked with
+     * up to four arguments; (value [, index|key, object, stack]).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to clone.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
+     * @see _.cloneDeepWith
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function customizer(value) {
+     *   if (_.isElement(value)) {
+     *     return value.cloneNode(false);
+     *   }
+     * }
+     *
+     * var el = _.cloneWith(document.body, customizer);
+     *
+     * console.log(el === document.body);
+     * // => false
+     * console.log(el.nodeName);
+     * // => 'BODY'
+     * console.log(el.childNodes.length);
+     * // => 0
+     */
+    function cloneWith(value, customizer) {
+      return baseClone(value, false, true, customizer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.clone` except that it recursively clones `value`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 1.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to recursively clone.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the deep cloned value.
+     * @see _.clone
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [{ 'a': 1 }, { 'b': 2 }];
+     *
+     * var deep = _.cloneDeep(objects);
+     * console.log(deep[0] === objects[0]);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function cloneDeep(value) {
+      return baseClone(value, true, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.cloneWith` except that it recursively clones `value`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to recursively clone.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the deep cloned value.
+     * @see _.cloneWith
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function customizer(value) {
+     *   if (_.isElement(value)) {
+     *     return value.cloneNode(true);
+     *   }
+     * }
+     *
+     * var el = _.cloneDeepWith(document.body, customizer);
+     *
+     * console.log(el === document.body);
+     * // => false
+     * console.log(el.nodeName);
+     * // => 'BODY'
+     * console.log(el.childNodes.length);
+     * // => 20
+     */
+    function cloneDeepWith(value, customizer) {
+      return baseClone(value, true, true, customizer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `object` conforms to `source` by invoking the predicate
+     * properties of `source` with the corresponding property values of `object`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is equivalent to `_.conforms` when `source` is
+     * partially applied.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.14.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+     * @param {Object} source The object of property predicates to conform to.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` conforms, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 };
+     *
+     * _.conformsTo(object, { 'b': function(n) { return n > 1; } });
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.conformsTo(object, { 'b': function(n) { return n > 2; } });
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function conformsTo(object, source) {
+      return source == null || baseConformsTo(object, source, keys(source));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs a
+     * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
+     * comparison between two values to determine if they are equivalent.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': 1 };
+     * var other = { 'a': 1 };
+     *
+     * _.eq(object, object);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.eq(object, other);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.eq('a', 'a');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.eq('a', Object('a'));
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.eq(NaN, NaN);
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function eq(value, other) {
+      return value === other || (value !== value && other !== other);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is greater than `other`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.9.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is greater than `other`,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @see _.lt
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.gt(3, 1);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.gt(3, 3);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.gt(1, 3);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    var gt = createRelationalOperation(baseGt);
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is greater than or equal to `other`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.9.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is greater than or equal to
+     *  `other`, else `false`.
+     * @see _.lte
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.gte(3, 1);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.gte(3, 3);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.gte(1, 3);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    var gte = createRelationalOperation(function(value, other) {
+      return value >= other;
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is likely an `arguments` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an `arguments` object,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isArguments(function() { return arguments; }());
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isArguments(value) {
+      // Safari 8.1 incorrectly makes `arguments.callee` enumerable in strict mode.
+      return isArrayLikeObject(value) && hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') &&
+        (!propertyIsEnumerable.call(value, 'callee') || objectToString.call(value) == argsTag);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an array, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArray(document.body.children);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isArray('abc');
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isArray(_.noop);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    var isArray = Array.isArray;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as an `ArrayBuffer` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.3.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an array buffer, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isArrayBuffer(new ArrayBuffer(2));
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArrayBuffer(new Array(2));
+     * // => false
+     */
+    var isArrayBuffer = nodeIsArrayBuffer ? baseUnary(nodeIsArrayBuffer) : baseIsArrayBuffer;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is array-like. A value is considered array-like if it's
+     * not a function and has a `value.length` that's an integer greater than or
+     * equal to `0` and less than or equal to `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is array-like, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLike([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLike(document.body.children);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLike('abc');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLike(_.noop);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isArrayLike(value) {
+      return value != null && isLength(getLength(value)) && !isFunction(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.isArrayLike` except that it also checks if `value`
+     * is an object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an array-like object,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLikeObject([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLikeObject(document.body.children);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLikeObject('abc');
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isArrayLikeObject(_.noop);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isArrayLikeObject(value) {
+      return isObjectLike(value) && isArrayLike(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a boolean primitive or object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a boolean, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isBoolean(false);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isBoolean(null);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isBoolean(value) {
+      return value === true || value === false ||
+        (isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == boolTag);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a buffer.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.3.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a buffer, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isBuffer(new Buffer(2));
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isBuffer(new Uint8Array(2));
+     * // => false
+     */
+    var isBuffer = nativeIsBuffer || stubFalse;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Date` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a date object, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isDate(new Date);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isDate('Mon April 23 2012');
+     * // => false
+     */
+    var isDate = nodeIsDate ? baseUnary(nodeIsDate) : baseIsDate;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is likely a DOM element.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a DOM element,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isElement(document.body);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isElement('<body>');
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isElement(value) {
+      return !!value && value.nodeType === 1 && isObjectLike(value) && !isPlainObject(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is an empty object, collection, map, or set.
+     *
+     * Objects are considered empty if they have no own enumerable string keyed
+     * properties.
+     *
+     * Array-like values such as `arguments` objects, arrays, buffers, strings, or
+     * jQuery-like collections are considered empty if they have a `length` of `0`.
+     * Similarly, maps and sets are considered empty if they have a `size` of `0`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is empty, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isEmpty(null);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isEmpty(true);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isEmpty(1);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isEmpty({ 'a': 1 });
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isEmpty(value) {
+      if (isArrayLike(value) &&
+          (isArray(value) || isString(value) || isFunction(value.splice) ||
+            isArguments(value) || isBuffer(value))) {
+        return !value.length;
+      }
+      if (isObjectLike(value)) {
+        var tag = getTag(value);
+        if (tag == mapTag || tag == setTag) {
+          return !value.size;
+        }
+      }
+      for (var key in value) {
+        if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, key)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      return !(nonEnumShadows && keys(value).length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
+     * equivalent.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, array buffers, booleans,
+     * date objects, error objects, maps, numbers, `Object` objects, regexes,
+     * sets, strings, symbols, and typed arrays. `Object` objects are compared
+     * by their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. Functions and DOM
+     * nodes are **not** supported.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': 1 };
+     * var other = { 'a': 1 };
+     *
+     * _.isEqual(object, other);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * object === other;
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isEqual(value, other) {
+      return baseIsEqual(value, other);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.isEqual` except that it accepts `customizer` which
+     * is invoked to compare values. If `customizer` returns `undefined`, comparisons
+     * are handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is invoked with up to
+     * six arguments: (objValue, othValue [, index|key, object, other, stack]).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function isGreeting(value) {
+     *   return /^h(?:i|ello)$/.test(value);
+     * }
+     *
+     * function customizer(objValue, othValue) {
+     *   if (isGreeting(objValue) && isGreeting(othValue)) {
+     *     return true;
+     *   }
+     * }
+     *
+     * var array = ['hello', 'goodbye'];
+     * var other = ['hi', 'goodbye'];
+     *
+     * _.isEqualWith(array, other, customizer);
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function isEqualWith(value, other, customizer) {
+      customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' ? customizer : undefined;
+      var result = customizer ? customizer(value, other) : undefined;
+      return result === undefined ? baseIsEqual(value, other, customizer) : !!result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is an `Error`, `EvalError`, `RangeError`, `ReferenceError`,
+     * `SyntaxError`, `TypeError`, or `URIError` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an error object,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isError(new Error);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isError(Error);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isError(value) {
+      if (!isObjectLike(value)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return (objectToString.call(value) == errorTag) ||
+        (typeof value.message == 'string' && typeof value.name == 'string');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a finite primitive number.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is based on
+     * [`Number.isFinite`](https://mdn.io/Number/isFinite).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a finite number,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isFinite(3);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isFinite(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isFinite(Infinity);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isFinite('3');
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isFinite(value) {
+      return typeof value == 'number' && nativeIsFinite(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Function` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a function, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isFunction(_);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isFunction(/abc/);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isFunction(value) {
+      // The use of `Object#toString` avoids issues with the `typeof` operator
+      // in Safari 8 which returns 'object' for typed array and weak map constructors,
+      // and PhantomJS 1.9 which returns 'function' for `NodeList` instances.
+      var tag = isObject(value) ? objectToString.call(value) : '';
+      return tag == funcTag || tag == genTag;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is an integer.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is based on
+     * [`Number.isInteger`](https://mdn.io/Number/isInteger).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an integer, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isInteger(3);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isInteger(Infinity);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isInteger('3');
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isInteger(value) {
+      return typeof value == 'number' && value == toInteger(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like length.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This function is loosely based on
+     * [`ToLength`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tolength).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid length,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isLength(3);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isLength(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isLength(Infinity);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isLength('3');
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isLength(value) {
+      return typeof value == 'number' &&
+        value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is the
+     * [language type](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-ecmascript-language-types)
+     * of `Object`. (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isObject({});
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isObject(_.noop);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isObject(null);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isObject(value) {
+      var type = typeof value;
+      return !!value && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
+     * and has a `typeof` result of "object".
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isObjectLike({});
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isObjectLike(null);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isObjectLike(value) {
+      return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Map` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.3.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a map, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isMap(new Map);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isMap(new WeakMap);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    var isMap = nodeIsMap ? baseUnary(nodeIsMap) : baseIsMap;
+
+    /**
+     * Performs a partial deep comparison between `object` and `source` to
+     * determine if `object` contains equivalent property values.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method supports comparing the same values as `_.isEqual`
+     * and is equivalent to `_.matches` when `source` is partially applied.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+     * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` is a match, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 };
+     *
+     * _.isMatch(object, { 'b': 2 });
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isMatch(object, { 'b': 1 });
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isMatch(object, source) {
+      return object === source || baseIsMatch(object, source, getMatchData(source));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.isMatch` except that it accepts `customizer` which
+     * is invoked to compare values. If `customizer` returns `undefined`, comparisons
+     * are handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is invoked with five
+     * arguments: (objValue, srcValue, index|key, object, source).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+     * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` is a match, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function isGreeting(value) {
+     *   return /^h(?:i|ello)$/.test(value);
+     * }
+     *
+     * function customizer(objValue, srcValue) {
+     *   if (isGreeting(objValue) && isGreeting(srcValue)) {
+     *     return true;
+     *   }
+     * }
+     *
+     * var object = { 'greeting': 'hello' };
+     * var source = { 'greeting': 'hi' };
+     *
+     * _.isMatchWith(object, source, customizer);
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function isMatchWith(object, source, customizer) {
+      customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' ? customizer : undefined;
+      return baseIsMatch(object, source, getMatchData(source), customizer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is based on
+     * [`Number.isNaN`](https://mdn.io/Number/isNaN) and is not the same as
+     * global [`isNaN`](https://mdn.io/isNaN) which returns `true` for
+     * `undefined` and other non-number values.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isNaN(NaN);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * isNaN(undefined);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isNaN(undefined);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isNaN(value) {
+      // An `NaN` primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself.
+      // Perform the `toStringTag` check first to avoid errors with some
+      // ActiveX objects in IE.
+      return isNumber(value) && value != +value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a pristine native function.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method can't reliably detect native functions in the presence
+     * of the core-js package because core-js circumvents this kind of detection.
+     * Despite multiple requests, the core-js maintainer has made it clear: any
+     * attempt to fix the detection will be obstructed. As a result, we're left
+     * with little choice but to throw an error. Unfortunately, this also affects
+     * packages, like [babel-polyfill](https://www.npmjs.com/package/babel-polyfill),
+     * which rely on core-js.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a native function,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isNative(Array.prototype.push);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isNative(_);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isNative(value) {
+      if (isMaskable(value)) {
+        throw new Error('This method is not supported with core-js. Try https://github.com/es-shims.');
+      }
+      return baseIsNative(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is `null`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `null`, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isNull(null);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isNull(void 0);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isNull(value) {
+      return value === null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is `null` or `undefined`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is nullish, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isNil(null);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isNil(void 0);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isNil(NaN);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isNil(value) {
+      return value == null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Number` primitive or object.
+     *
+     * **Note:** To exclude `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and `NaN`, which are
+     * classified as numbers, use the `_.isFinite` method.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a number, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isNumber(3);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isNumber(Infinity);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isNumber('3');
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isNumber(value) {
+      return typeof value == 'number' ||
+        (isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == numberTag);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a plain object, that is, an object created by the
+     * `Object` constructor or one with a `[[Prototype]]` of `null`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.8.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     * }
+     *
+     * _.isPlainObject(new Foo);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isPlainObject([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isPlainObject({ 'x': 0, 'y': 0 });
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isPlainObject(Object.create(null));
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function isPlainObject(value) {
+      if (!isObjectLike(value) ||
+          objectToString.call(value) != objectTag || isHostObject(value)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      var proto = getPrototype(value);
+      if (proto === null) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      var Ctor = hasOwnProperty.call(proto, 'constructor') && proto.constructor;
+      return (typeof Ctor == 'function' &&
+        Ctor instanceof Ctor && funcToString.call(Ctor) == objectCtorString);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `RegExp` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a regexp, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isRegExp(/abc/);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isRegExp('/abc/');
+     * // => false
+     */
+    var isRegExp = nodeIsRegExp ? baseUnary(nodeIsRegExp) : baseIsRegExp;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is a safe integer. An integer is safe if it's an IEEE-754
+     * double precision number which isn't the result of a rounded unsafe integer.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is based on
+     * [`Number.isSafeInteger`](https://mdn.io/Number/isSafeInteger).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a safe integer,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isSafeInteger(3);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isSafeInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isSafeInteger(Infinity);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.isSafeInteger('3');
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isSafeInteger(value) {
+      return isInteger(value) && value >= -MAX_SAFE_INTEGER && value <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Set` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.3.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a set, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isSet(new Set);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isSet(new WeakSet);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    var isSet = nodeIsSet ? baseUnary(nodeIsSet) : baseIsSet;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `String` primitive or object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a string, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isString('abc');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isString(1);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isString(value) {
+      return typeof value == 'string' ||
+        (!isArray(value) && isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == stringTag);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Symbol` primitive or object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a symbol, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isSymbol(Symbol.iterator);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isSymbol('abc');
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isSymbol(value) {
+      return typeof value == 'symbol' ||
+        (isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == symbolTag);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a typed array.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a typed array, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isTypedArray(new Uint8Array);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isTypedArray([]);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    var isTypedArray = nodeIsTypedArray ? baseUnary(nodeIsTypedArray) : baseIsTypedArray;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isUndefined(void 0);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isUndefined(null);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isUndefined(value) {
+      return value === undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `WeakMap` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.3.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a weak map, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isWeakMap(new WeakMap);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isWeakMap(new Map);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isWeakMap(value) {
+      return isObjectLike(value) && getTag(value) == weakMapTag;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is classified as a `WeakSet` object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.3.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a weak set, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.isWeakSet(new WeakSet);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.isWeakSet(new Set);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function isWeakSet(value) {
+      return isObjectLike(value) && objectToString.call(value) == weakSetTag;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is less than `other`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.9.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is less than `other`,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @see _.gt
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.lt(1, 3);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.lt(3, 3);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.lt(3, 1);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    var lt = createRelationalOperation(baseLt);
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `value` is less than or equal to `other`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.9.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to compare.
+     * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is less than or equal to
+     *  `other`, else `false`.
+     * @see _.gte
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.lte(1, 3);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.lte(3, 3);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.lte(3, 1);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    var lte = createRelationalOperation(function(value, other) {
+      return value <= other;
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `value` to an array.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.toArray({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 });
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     *
+     * _.toArray('abc');
+     * // => ['a', 'b', 'c']
+     *
+     * _.toArray(1);
+     * // => []
+     *
+     * _.toArray(null);
+     * // => []
+     */
+    function toArray(value) {
+      if (!value) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      if (isArrayLike(value)) {
+        return isString(value) ? stringToArray(value) : copyArray(value);
+      }
+      if (iteratorSymbol && value[iteratorSymbol]) {
+        return iteratorToArray(value[iteratorSymbol]());
+      }
+      var tag = getTag(value),
+          func = tag == mapTag ? mapToArray : (tag == setTag ? setToArray : values);
+
+      return func(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `value` to a finite number.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.12.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the converted number.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.toFinite(3.2);
+     * // => 3.2
+     *
+     * _.toFinite(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+     * // => 5e-324
+     *
+     * _.toFinite(Infinity);
+     * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
+     *
+     * _.toFinite('3.2');
+     * // => 3.2
+     */
+    function toFinite(value) {
+      if (!value) {
+        return value === 0 ? value : 0;
+      }
+      value = toNumber(value);
+      if (value === INFINITY || value === -INFINITY) {
+        var sign = (value < 0 ? -1 : 1);
+        return sign * MAX_INTEGER;
+      }
+      return value === value ? value : 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `value` to an integer.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is loosely based on
+     * [`ToInteger`](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tointeger).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.toInteger(3.2);
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * _.toInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+     * // => 0
+     *
+     * _.toInteger(Infinity);
+     * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
+     *
+     * _.toInteger('3.2');
+     * // => 3
+     */
+    function toInteger(value) {
+      var result = toFinite(value),
+          remainder = result % 1;
+
+      return result === result ? (remainder ? result - remainder : result) : 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `value` to an integer suitable for use as the length of an
+     * array-like object.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is based on
+     * [`ToLength`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tolength).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.toLength(3.2);
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * _.toLength(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+     * // => 0
+     *
+     * _.toLength(Infinity);
+     * // => 4294967295
+     *
+     * _.toLength('3.2');
+     * // => 3
+     */
+    function toLength(value) {
+      return value ? baseClamp(toInteger(value), 0, MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH) : 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `value` to a number.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to process.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the number.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.toNumber(3.2);
+     * // => 3.2
+     *
+     * _.toNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+     * // => 5e-324
+     *
+     * _.toNumber(Infinity);
+     * // => Infinity
+     *
+     * _.toNumber('3.2');
+     * // => 3.2
+     */
+    function toNumber(value) {
+      if (typeof value == 'number') {
+        return value;
+      }
+      if (isSymbol(value)) {
+        return NAN;
+      }
+      if (isObject(value)) {
+        var other = isFunction(value.valueOf) ? value.valueOf() : value;
+        value = isObject(other) ? (other + '') : other;
+      }
+      if (typeof value != 'string') {
+        return value === 0 ? value : +value;
+      }
+      value = value.replace(reTrim, '');
+      var isBinary = reIsBinary.test(value);
+      return (isBinary || reIsOctal.test(value))
+        ? freeParseInt(value.slice(2), isBinary ? 2 : 8)
+        : (reIsBadHex.test(value) ? NAN : +value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `value` to a plain object flattening inherited enumerable string
+     * keyed properties of `value` to own properties of the plain object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the converted plain object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.assign({ 'a': 1 }, new Foo);
+     * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }
+     *
+     * _.assign({ 'a': 1 }, _.toPlainObject(new Foo));
+     * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }
+     */
+    function toPlainObject(value) {
+      return copyObject(value, keysIn(value));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `value` to a safe integer. A safe integer can be compared and
+     * represented correctly.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.toSafeInteger(3.2);
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * _.toSafeInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
+     * // => 0
+     *
+     * _.toSafeInteger(Infinity);
+     * // => 9007199254740991
+     *
+     * _.toSafeInteger('3.2');
+     * // => 3
+     */
+    function toSafeInteger(value) {
+      return baseClamp(toInteger(value), -MAX_SAFE_INTEGER, MAX_SAFE_INTEGER);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `value` to a string. An empty string is returned for `null`
+     * and `undefined` values. The sign of `-0` is preserved.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Lang
+     * @param {*} value The value to process.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.toString(null);
+     * // => ''
+     *
+     * _.toString(-0);
+     * // => '-0'
+     *
+     * _.toString([1, 2, 3]);
+     * // => '1,2,3'
+     */
+    function toString(value) {
+      return value == null ? '' : baseToString(value);
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns own enumerable string keyed properties of source objects to the
+     * destination object. Source objects are applied from left to right.
+     * Subsequent sources overwrite property assignments of previous sources.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object` and is loosely based on
+     * [`Object.assign`](https://mdn.io/Object/assign).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.10.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @see _.assignIn
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     * }
+     *
+     * function Bar() {
+     *   this.c = 3;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.b = 2;
+     * Bar.prototype.d = 4;
+     *
+     * _.assign({ 'a': 0 }, new Foo, new Bar);
+     * // => { 'a': 1, 'c': 3 }
+     */
+    var assign = createAssigner(function(object, source) {
+      if (nonEnumShadows || isPrototype(source) || isArrayLike(source)) {
+        copyObject(source, keys(source), object);
+        return;
+      }
+      for (var key in source) {
+        if (hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {
+          assignValue(object, key, source[key]);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.assign` except that it iterates over own and
+     * inherited source properties.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @alias extend
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @see _.assign
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     * }
+     *
+     * function Bar() {
+     *   this.c = 3;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.b = 2;
+     * Bar.prototype.d = 4;
+     *
+     * _.assignIn({ 'a': 0 }, new Foo, new Bar);
+     * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4 }
+     */
+    var assignIn = createAssigner(function(object, source) {
+      if (nonEnumShadows || isPrototype(source) || isArrayLike(source)) {
+        copyObject(source, keysIn(source), object);
+        return;
+      }
+      for (var key in source) {
+        assignValue(object, key, source[key]);
+      }
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.assignIn` except that it accepts `customizer`
+     * which is invoked to produce the assigned values. If `customizer` returns
+     * `undefined`, assignment is handled by the method instead. The `customizer`
+     * is invoked with five arguments: (objValue, srcValue, key, object, source).
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @alias extendWith
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {...Object} sources The source objects.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigned values.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @see _.assignWith
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function customizer(objValue, srcValue) {
+     *   return _.isUndefined(objValue) ? srcValue : objValue;
+     * }
+     *
+     * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assignInWith, customizer);
+     *
+     * defaults({ 'a': 1 }, { 'b': 2 }, { 'a': 3 });
+     * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }
+     */
+    var assignInWith = createAssigner(function(object, source, srcIndex, customizer) {
+      copyObject(source, keysIn(source), object, customizer);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.assign` except that it accepts `customizer`
+     * which is invoked to produce the assigned values. If `customizer` returns
+     * `undefined`, assignment is handled by the method instead. The `customizer`
+     * is invoked with five arguments: (objValue, srcValue, key, object, source).
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {...Object} sources The source objects.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigned values.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @see _.assignInWith
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function customizer(objValue, srcValue) {
+     *   return _.isUndefined(objValue) ? srcValue : objValue;
+     * }
+     *
+     * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assignWith, customizer);
+     *
+     * defaults({ 'a': 1 }, { 'b': 2 }, { 'a': 3 });
+     * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }
+     */
+    var assignWith = createAssigner(function(object, source, srcIndex, customizer) {
+      copyObject(source, keys(source), object, customizer);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of values corresponding to `paths` of `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 1.0.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {...(string|string[])} [paths] The property paths of elements to pick.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the picked values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }, 4] };
+     *
+     * _.at(object, ['a[0].b.c', 'a[1]']);
+     * // => [3, 4]
+     */
+    var at = baseRest(function(object, paths) {
+      return baseAt(object, baseFlatten(paths, 1));
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an object that inherits from the `prototype` object. If a
+     * `properties` object is given, its own enumerable string keyed properties
+     * are assigned to the created object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.3.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
+     * @param {Object} [properties] The properties to assign to the object.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Shape() {
+     *   this.x = 0;
+     *   this.y = 0;
+     * }
+     *
+     * function Circle() {
+     *   Shape.call(this);
+     * }
+     *
+     * Circle.prototype = _.create(Shape.prototype, {
+     *   'constructor': Circle
+     * });
+     *
+     * var circle = new Circle;
+     * circle instanceof Circle;
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * circle instanceof Shape;
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function create(prototype, properties) {
+      var result = baseCreate(prototype);
+      return properties ? baseAssign(result, properties) : result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns own and inherited enumerable string keyed properties of source
+     * objects to the destination object for all destination properties that
+     * resolve to `undefined`. Source objects are applied from left to right.
+     * Once a property is set, additional values of the same property are ignored.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @see _.defaultsDeep
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.defaults({ 'a': 1 }, { 'b': 2 }, { 'a': 3 });
+     * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }
+     */
+    var defaults = baseRest(function(args) {
+      args.push(undefined, assignInDefaults);
+      return apply(assignInWith, undefined, args);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.defaults` except that it recursively assigns
+     * default properties.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.10.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @see _.defaults
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.defaultsDeep({ 'a': { 'b': 2 } }, { 'a': { 'b': 1, 'c': 3 } });
+     * // => { 'a': { 'b': 2, 'c': 3 } }
+     */
+    var defaultsDeep = baseRest(function(args) {
+      args.push(undefined, mergeDefaults);
+      return apply(mergeWith, undefined, args);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the key of the first
+     * element `predicate` returns truthy for instead of the element itself.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 1.1.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to search.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the matched element,
+     *  else `undefined`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = {
+     *   'barney':  { 'age': 36, 'active': true },
+     *   'fred':    { 'age': 40, 'active': false },
+     *   'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'active': true }
+     * };
+     *
+     * _.findKey(users, function(o) { return o.age < 40; });
+     * // => 'barney' (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     *
+     * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.findKey(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true });
+     * // => 'pebbles'
+     *
+     * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.findKey(users, ['active', false]);
+     * // => 'fred'
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.findKey(users, 'active');
+     * // => 'barney'
+     */
+    function findKey(object, predicate) {
+      return baseFindKey(object, getIteratee(predicate, 3), baseForOwn);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.findKey` except that it iterates over elements of
+     * a collection in the opposite order.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.0.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to search.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the matched element,
+     *  else `undefined`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = {
+     *   'barney':  { 'age': 36, 'active': true },
+     *   'fred':    { 'age': 40, 'active': false },
+     *   'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'active': true }
+     * };
+     *
+     * _.findLastKey(users, function(o) { return o.age < 40; });
+     * // => returns 'pebbles' assuming `_.findKey` returns 'barney'
+     *
+     * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.findLastKey(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true });
+     * // => 'barney'
+     *
+     * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.findLastKey(users, ['active', false]);
+     * // => 'fred'
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.findLastKey(users, 'active');
+     * // => 'pebbles'
+     */
+    function findLastKey(object, predicate) {
+      return baseFindKey(object, getIteratee(predicate, 3), baseForOwnRight);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Iterates over own and inherited enumerable string keyed properties of an
+     * object and invokes `iteratee` for each property. The iteratee is invoked
+     * with three arguments: (value, key, object). Iteratee functions may exit
+     * iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.3.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @see _.forInRight
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.forIn(new Foo, function(value, key) {
+     *   console.log(key);
+     * });
+     * // => Logs 'a', 'b', then 'c' (iteration order is not guaranteed).
+     */
+    function forIn(object, iteratee) {
+      return object == null
+        ? object
+        : baseFor(object, getIteratee(iteratee, 3), keysIn);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.forIn` except that it iterates over properties of
+     * `object` in the opposite order.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.0.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @see _.forIn
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.forInRight(new Foo, function(value, key) {
+     *   console.log(key);
+     * });
+     * // => Logs 'c', 'b', then 'a' assuming `_.forIn` logs 'a', 'b', then 'c'.
+     */
+    function forInRight(object, iteratee) {
+      return object == null
+        ? object
+        : baseForRight(object, getIteratee(iteratee, 3), keysIn);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Iterates over own enumerable string keyed properties of an object and
+     * invokes `iteratee` for each property. The iteratee is invoked with three
+     * arguments: (value, key, object). Iteratee functions may exit iteration
+     * early by explicitly returning `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.3.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @see _.forOwnRight
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.forOwn(new Foo, function(value, key) {
+     *   console.log(key);
+     * });
+     * // => Logs 'a' then 'b' (iteration order is not guaranteed).
+     */
+    function forOwn(object, iteratee) {
+      return object && baseForOwn(object, getIteratee(iteratee, 3));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.forOwn` except that it iterates over properties of
+     * `object` in the opposite order.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.0.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @see _.forOwn
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.forOwnRight(new Foo, function(value, key) {
+     *   console.log(key);
+     * });
+     * // => Logs 'b' then 'a' assuming `_.forOwn` logs 'a' then 'b'.
+     */
+    function forOwnRight(object, iteratee) {
+      return object && baseForOwnRight(object, getIteratee(iteratee, 3));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of function property names from own enumerable properties
+     * of `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the function names.
+     * @see _.functionsIn
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = _.constant('a');
+     *   this.b = _.constant('b');
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = _.constant('c');
+     *
+     * _.functions(new Foo);
+     * // => ['a', 'b']
+     */
+    function functions(object) {
+      return object == null ? [] : baseFunctions(object, keys(object));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of function property names from own and inherited
+     * enumerable properties of `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the function names.
+     * @see _.functions
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = _.constant('a');
+     *   this.b = _.constant('b');
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = _.constant('c');
+     *
+     * _.functionsIn(new Foo);
+     * // => ['a', 'b', 'c']
+     */
+    function functionsIn(object) {
+      return object == null ? [] : baseFunctions(object, keysIn(object));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the value at `path` of `object`. If the resolved value is
+     * `undefined`, the `defaultValue` is returned in its place.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.7.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
+     * @param {*} [defaultValue] The value returned for `undefined` resolved values.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] };
+     *
+     * _.get(object, 'a[0].b.c');
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * _.get(object, ['a', '0', 'b', 'c']);
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * _.get(object, 'a.b.c', 'default');
+     * // => 'default'
+     */
+    function get(object, path, defaultValue) {
+      var result = object == null ? undefined : baseGet(object, path);
+      return result === undefined ? defaultValue : result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `path` is a direct property of `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `path` exists, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': { 'b': 2 } };
+     * var other = _.create({ 'a': _.create({ 'b': 2 }) });
+     *
+     * _.has(object, 'a');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.has(object, 'a.b');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.has(object, ['a', 'b']);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.has(other, 'a');
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function has(object, path) {
+      return object != null && hasPath(object, path, baseHas);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `path` is a direct or inherited property of `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path to check.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `path` exists, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = _.create({ 'a': _.create({ 'b': 2 }) });
+     *
+     * _.hasIn(object, 'a');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.hasIn(object, 'a.b');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.hasIn(object, ['a', 'b']);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.hasIn(object, 'b');
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function hasIn(object, path) {
+      return object != null && hasPath(object, path, baseHasIn);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of `object`.
+     * If `object` contains duplicate values, subsequent values overwrite
+     * property assignments of previous values.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.7.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to invert.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new inverted object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1 };
+     *
+     * _.invert(object);
+     * // => { '1': 'c', '2': 'b' }
+     */
+    var invert = createInverter(function(result, value, key) {
+      result[value] = key;
+    }, constant(identity));
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.invert` except that the inverted object is generated
+     * from the results of running each element of `object` thru `iteratee`. The
+     * corresponding inverted value of each inverted key is an array of keys
+     * responsible for generating the inverted value. The iteratee is invoked
+     * with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.1.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to invert.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new inverted object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1 };
+     *
+     * _.invertBy(object);
+     * // => { '1': ['a', 'c'], '2': ['b'] }
+     *
+     * _.invertBy(object, function(value) {
+     *   return 'group' + value;
+     * });
+     * // => { 'group1': ['a', 'c'], 'group2': ['b'] }
+     */
+    var invertBy = createInverter(function(result, value, key) {
+      if (hasOwnProperty.call(result, value)) {
+        result[value].push(key);
+      } else {
+        result[value] = [key];
+      }
+    }, getIteratee);
+
+    /**
+     * Invokes the method at `path` of `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the method to invoke.
+     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the method with.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the result of the invoked method.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': [1, 2, 3, 4] } }] };
+     *
+     * _.invoke(object, 'a[0].b.c.slice', 1, 3);
+     * // => [2, 3]
+     */
+    var invoke = baseRest(baseInvoke);
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of the own enumerable property names of `object`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects. See the
+     * [ES spec](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.keys)
+     * for more details.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.keys(new Foo);
+     * // => ['a', 'b'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     *
+     * _.keys('hi');
+     * // => ['0', '1']
+     */
+    function keys(object) {
+      var isProto = isPrototype(object);
+      if (!(isProto || isArrayLike(object))) {
+        return baseKeys(object);
+      }
+      var indexes = indexKeys(object),
+          skipIndexes = !!indexes,
+          result = indexes || [],
+          length = result.length;
+
+      for (var key in object) {
+        if (baseHas(object, key) &&
+            !(skipIndexes && (key == 'length' || isIndex(key, length))) &&
+            !(isProto && key == 'constructor')) {
+          result.push(key);
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable property names of `object`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.keysIn(new Foo);
+     * // => ['a', 'b', 'c'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     */
+    function keysIn(object) {
+      var index = -1,
+          isProto = isPrototype(object),
+          props = baseKeysIn(object),
+          propsLength = props.length,
+          indexes = indexKeys(object),
+          skipIndexes = !!indexes,
+          result = indexes || [],
+          length = result.length;
+
+      while (++index < propsLength) {
+        var key = props[index];
+        if (!(skipIndexes && (key == 'length' || isIndex(key, length))) &&
+            !(key == 'constructor' && (isProto || !hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)))) {
+          result.push(key);
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The opposite of `_.mapValues`; this method creates an object with the
+     * same values as `object` and keys generated by running each own enumerable
+     * string keyed property of `object` thru `iteratee`. The iteratee is invoked
+     * with three arguments: (value, key, object).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.8.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new mapped object.
+     * @see _.mapValues
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.mapKeys({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(value, key) {
+     *   return key + value;
+     * });
+     * // => { 'a1': 1, 'b2': 2 }
+     */
+    function mapKeys(object, iteratee) {
+      var result = {};
+      iteratee = getIteratee(iteratee, 3);
+
+      baseForOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {
+        result[iteratee(value, key, object)] = value;
+      });
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an object with the same keys as `object` and values generated
+     * by running each own enumerable string keyed property of `object` thru
+     * `iteratee`. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments:
+     * (value, key, object).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.4.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new mapped object.
+     * @see _.mapKeys
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = {
+     *   'fred':    { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
+     *   'pebbles': { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
+     * };
+     *
+     * _.mapValues(users, function(o) { return o.age; });
+     * // => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.mapValues(users, 'age');
+     * // => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     */
+    function mapValues(object, iteratee) {
+      var result = {};
+      iteratee = getIteratee(iteratee, 3);
+
+      baseForOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {
+        result[key] = iteratee(value, key, object);
+      });
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.assign` except that it recursively merges own and
+     * inherited enumerable string keyed properties of source objects into the
+     * destination object. Source properties that resolve to `undefined` are
+     * skipped if a destination value exists. Array and plain object properties
+     * are merged recursively. Other objects and value types are overridden by
+     * assignment. Source objects are applied from left to right. Subsequent
+     * sources overwrite property assignments of previous sources.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.5.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = {
+     *   'a': [{ 'b': 2 }, { 'd': 4 }]
+     * };
+     *
+     * var other = {
+     *   'a': [{ 'c': 3 }, { 'e': 5 }]
+     * };
+     *
+     * _.merge(object, other);
+     * // => { 'a': [{ 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, { 'd': 4, 'e': 5 }] }
+     */
+    var merge = createAssigner(function(object, source, srcIndex) {
+      baseMerge(object, source, srcIndex);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.merge` except that it accepts `customizer` which
+     * is invoked to produce the merged values of the destination and source
+     * properties. If `customizer` returns `undefined`, merging is handled by the
+     * method instead. The `customizer` is invoked with seven arguments:
+     * (objValue, srcValue, key, object, source, stack).
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+     * @param {...Object} sources The source objects.
+     * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize assigned values.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function customizer(objValue, srcValue) {
+     *   if (_.isArray(objValue)) {
+     *     return objValue.concat(srcValue);
+     *   }
+     * }
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': [1], 'b': [2] };
+     * var other = { 'a': [3], 'b': [4] };
+     *
+     * _.mergeWith(object, other, customizer);
+     * // => { 'a': [1, 3], 'b': [2, 4] }
+     */
+    var mergeWith = createAssigner(function(object, source, srcIndex, customizer) {
+      baseMerge(object, source, srcIndex, customizer);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * The opposite of `_.pick`; this method creates an object composed of the
+     * own and inherited enumerable string keyed properties of `object` that are
+     * not omitted.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The source object.
+     * @param {...(string|string[])} [props] The property identifiers to omit.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': '2', 'c': 3 };
+     *
+     * _.omit(object, ['a', 'c']);
+     * // => { 'b': '2' }
+     */
+    var omit = baseRest(function(object, props) {
+      if (object == null) {
+        return {};
+      }
+      props = arrayMap(baseFlatten(props, 1), toKey);
+      return basePick(object, baseDifference(getAllKeysIn(object), props));
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * The opposite of `_.pickBy`; this method creates an object composed of
+     * the own and inherited enumerable string keyed properties of `object` that
+     * `predicate` doesn't return truthy for. The predicate is invoked with two
+     * arguments: (value, key).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The source object.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per property.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': '2', 'c': 3 };
+     *
+     * _.omitBy(object, _.isNumber);
+     * // => { 'b': '2' }
+     */
+    function omitBy(object, predicate) {
+      return pickBy(object, negate(getIteratee(predicate)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an object composed of the picked `object` properties.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The source object.
+     * @param {...(string|string[])} [props] The property identifiers to pick.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': '2', 'c': 3 };
+     *
+     * _.pick(object, ['a', 'c']);
+     * // => { 'a': 1, 'c': 3 }
+     */
+    var pick = baseRest(function(object, props) {
+      return object == null ? {} : basePick(object, arrayMap(baseFlatten(props, 1), toKey));
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an object composed of the `object` properties `predicate` returns
+     * truthy for. The predicate is invoked with two arguments: (value, key).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The source object.
+     * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per property.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': '2', 'c': 3 };
+     *
+     * _.pickBy(object, _.isNumber);
+     * // => { 'a': 1, 'c': 3 }
+     */
+    function pickBy(object, predicate) {
+      return object == null ? {} : basePickBy(object, getAllKeysIn(object), getIteratee(predicate));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.get` except that if the resolved value is a
+     * function it's invoked with the `this` binding of its parent object and
+     * its result is returned.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to resolve.
+     * @param {*} [defaultValue] The value returned for `undefined` resolved values.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c1': 3, 'c2': _.constant(4) } }] };
+     *
+     * _.result(object, 'a[0].b.c1');
+     * // => 3
+     *
+     * _.result(object, 'a[0].b.c2');
+     * // => 4
+     *
+     * _.result(object, 'a[0].b.c3', 'default');
+     * // => 'default'
+     *
+     * _.result(object, 'a[0].b.c3', _.constant('default'));
+     * // => 'default'
+     */
+    function result(object, path, defaultValue) {
+      path = isKey(path, object) ? [path] : castPath(path);
+
+      var index = -1,
+          length = path.length;
+
+      // Ensure the loop is entered when path is empty.
+      if (!length) {
+        object = undefined;
+        length = 1;
+      }
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var value = object == null ? undefined : object[toKey(path[index])];
+        if (value === undefined) {
+          index = length;
+          value = defaultValue;
+        }
+        object = isFunction(value) ? value.call(object) : value;
+      }
+      return object;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the value at `path` of `object`. If a portion of `path` doesn't exist,
+     * it's created. Arrays are created for missing index properties while objects
+     * are created for all other missing properties. Use `_.setWith` to customize
+     * `path` creation.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.7.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to set.
+     * @param {*} value The value to set.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] };
+     *
+     * _.set(object, 'a[0].b.c', 4);
+     * console.log(object.a[0].b.c);
+     * // => 4
+     *
+     * _.set(object, ['x', '0', 'y', 'z'], 5);
+     * console.log(object.x[0].y.z);
+     * // => 5
+     */
+    function set(object, path, value) {
+      return object == null ? object : baseSet(object, path, value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.set` except that it accepts `customizer` which is
+     * invoked to produce the objects of `path`.  If `customizer` returns `undefined`
+     * path creation is handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is invoked
+     * with three arguments: (nsValue, key, nsObject).
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to set.
+     * @param {*} value The value to set.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigned values.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = {};
+     *
+     * _.setWith(object, '[0][1]', 'a', Object);
+     * // => { '0': { '1': 'a' } }
+     */
+    function setWith(object, path, value, customizer) {
+      customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' ? customizer : undefined;
+      return object == null ? object : baseSet(object, path, value, customizer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of own enumerable string keyed-value pairs for `object`
+     * which can be consumed by `_.fromPairs`. If `object` is a map or set, its
+     * entries are returned.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @alias entries
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the key-value pairs.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.toPairs(new Foo);
+     * // => [['a', 1], ['b', 2]] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     */
+    var toPairs = createToPairs(keys);
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of own and inherited enumerable string keyed-value pairs
+     * for `object` which can be consumed by `_.fromPairs`. If `object` is a map
+     * or set, its entries are returned.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @alias entriesIn
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the key-value pairs.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.toPairsIn(new Foo);
+     * // => [['a', 1], ['b', 2], ['c', 3]] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     */
+    var toPairsIn = createToPairs(keysIn);
+
+    /**
+     * An alternative to `_.reduce`; this method transforms `object` to a new
+     * `accumulator` object which is the result of running each of its own
+     * enumerable string keyed properties thru `iteratee`, with each invocation
+     * potentially mutating the `accumulator` object. If `accumulator` is not
+     * provided, a new object with the same `[[Prototype]]` will be used. The
+     * iteratee is invoked with four arguments: (accumulator, value, key, object).
+     * Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 1.3.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @param {*} [accumulator] The custom accumulator value.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.transform([2, 3, 4], function(result, n) {
+     *   result.push(n *= n);
+     *   return n % 2 == 0;
+     * }, []);
+     * // => [4, 9]
+     *
+     * _.transform({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1 }, function(result, value, key) {
+     *   (result[value] || (result[value] = [])).push(key);
+     * }, {});
+     * // => { '1': ['a', 'c'], '2': ['b'] }
+     */
+    function transform(object, iteratee, accumulator) {
+      var isArr = isArray(object) || isTypedArray(object);
+      iteratee = getIteratee(iteratee, 4);
+
+      if (accumulator == null) {
+        if (isArr || isObject(object)) {
+          var Ctor = object.constructor;
+          if (isArr) {
+            accumulator = isArray(object) ? new Ctor : [];
+          } else {
+            accumulator = isFunction(Ctor) ? baseCreate(getPrototype(object)) : {};
+          }
+        } else {
+          accumulator = {};
+        }
+      }
+      (isArr ? arrayEach : baseForOwn)(object, function(value, index, object) {
+        return iteratee(accumulator, value, index, object);
+      });
+      return accumulator;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes the property at `path` of `object`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to unset.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the property is deleted, else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 7 } }] };
+     * _.unset(object, 'a[0].b.c');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * console.log(object);
+     * // => { 'a': [{ 'b': {} }] };
+     *
+     * _.unset(object, ['a', '0', 'b', 'c']);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * console.log(object);
+     * // => { 'a': [{ 'b': {} }] };
+     */
+    function unset(object, path) {
+      return object == null ? true : baseUnset(object, path);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.set` except that accepts `updater` to produce the
+     * value to set. Use `_.updateWith` to customize `path` creation. The `updater`
+     * is invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.6.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to set.
+     * @param {Function} updater The function to produce the updated value.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] };
+     *
+     * _.update(object, 'a[0].b.c', function(n) { return n * n; });
+     * console.log(object.a[0].b.c);
+     * // => 9
+     *
+     * _.update(object, 'x[0].y.z', function(n) { return n ? n + 1 : 0; });
+     * console.log(object.x[0].y.z);
+     * // => 0
+     */
+    function update(object, path, updater) {
+      return object == null ? object : baseUpdate(object, path, castFunction(updater));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.update` except that it accepts `customizer` which is
+     * invoked to produce the objects of `path`.  If `customizer` returns `undefined`
+     * path creation is handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is invoked
+     * with three arguments: (nsValue, key, nsObject).
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.6.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to set.
+     * @param {Function} updater The function to produce the updated value.
+     * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigned values.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = {};
+     *
+     * _.updateWith(object, '[0][1]', _.constant('a'), Object);
+     * // => { '0': { '1': 'a' } }
+     */
+    function updateWith(object, path, updater, customizer) {
+      customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' ? customizer : undefined;
+      return object == null ? object : baseUpdate(object, path, castFunction(updater), customizer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of the own enumerable string keyed property values of `object`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.values(new Foo);
+     * // => [1, 2] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     *
+     * _.values('hi');
+     * // => ['h', 'i']
+     */
+    function values(object) {
+      return object ? baseValues(object, keys(object)) : [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable string keyed property
+     * values of `object`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Object
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property values.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function Foo() {
+     *   this.a = 1;
+     *   this.b = 2;
+     * }
+     *
+     * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
+     *
+     * _.valuesIn(new Foo);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
+     */
+    function valuesIn(object) {
+      return object == null ? [] : baseValues(object, keysIn(object));
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Clamps `number` within the inclusive `lower` and `upper` bounds.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Number
+     * @param {number} number The number to clamp.
+     * @param {number} [lower] The lower bound.
+     * @param {number} upper The upper bound.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the clamped number.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.clamp(-10, -5, 5);
+     * // => -5
+     *
+     * _.clamp(10, -5, 5);
+     * // => 5
+     */
+    function clamp(number, lower, upper) {
+      if (upper === undefined) {
+        upper = lower;
+        lower = undefined;
+      }
+      if (upper !== undefined) {
+        upper = toNumber(upper);
+        upper = upper === upper ? upper : 0;
+      }
+      if (lower !== undefined) {
+        lower = toNumber(lower);
+        lower = lower === lower ? lower : 0;
+      }
+      return baseClamp(toNumber(number), lower, upper);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `n` is between `start` and up to, but not including, `end`. If
+     * `end` is not specified, it's set to `start` with `start` then set to `0`.
+     * If `start` is greater than `end` the params are swapped to support
+     * negative ranges.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.3.0
+     * @category Number
+     * @param {number} number The number to check.
+     * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.
+     * @param {number} end The end of the range.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `number` is in the range, else `false`.
+     * @see _.range, _.rangeRight
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.inRange(3, 2, 4);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.inRange(4, 8);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.inRange(4, 2);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.inRange(2, 2);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.inRange(1.2, 2);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.inRange(5.2, 4);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.inRange(-3, -2, -6);
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function inRange(number, start, end) {
+      start = toFinite(start);
+      if (end === undefined) {
+        end = start;
+        start = 0;
+      } else {
+        end = toFinite(end);
+      }
+      number = toNumber(number);
+      return baseInRange(number, start, end);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Produces a random number between the inclusive `lower` and `upper` bounds.
+     * If only one argument is provided a number between `0` and the given number
+     * is returned. If `floating` is `true`, or either `lower` or `upper` are
+     * floats, a floating-point number is returned instead of an integer.
+     *
+     * **Note:** JavaScript follows the IEEE-754 standard for resolving
+     * floating-point values which can produce unexpected results.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.7.0
+     * @category Number
+     * @param {number} [lower=0] The lower bound.
+     * @param {number} [upper=1] The upper bound.
+     * @param {boolean} [floating] Specify returning a floating-point number.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the random number.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.random(0, 5);
+     * // => an integer between 0 and 5
+     *
+     * _.random(5);
+     * // => also an integer between 0 and 5
+     *
+     * _.random(5, true);
+     * // => a floating-point number between 0 and 5
+     *
+     * _.random(1.2, 5.2);
+     * // => a floating-point number between 1.2 and 5.2
+     */
+    function random(lower, upper, floating) {
+      if (floating && typeof floating != 'boolean' && isIterateeCall(lower, upper, floating)) {
+        upper = floating = undefined;
+      }
+      if (floating === undefined) {
+        if (typeof upper == 'boolean') {
+          floating = upper;
+          upper = undefined;
+        }
+        else if (typeof lower == 'boolean') {
+          floating = lower;
+          lower = undefined;
+        }
+      }
+      if (lower === undefined && upper === undefined) {
+        lower = 0;
+        upper = 1;
+      }
+      else {
+        lower = toFinite(lower);
+        if (upper === undefined) {
+          upper = lower;
+          lower = 0;
+        } else {
+          upper = toFinite(upper);
+        }
+      }
+      if (lower > upper) {
+        var temp = lower;
+        lower = upper;
+        upper = temp;
+      }
+      if (floating || lower % 1 || upper % 1) {
+        var rand = nativeRandom();
+        return nativeMin(lower + (rand * (upper - lower + freeParseFloat('1e-' + ((rand + '').length - 1)))), upper);
+      }
+      return baseRandom(lower, upper);
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `string` to [camel case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCase).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the camel cased string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.camelCase('Foo Bar');
+     * // => 'fooBar'
+     *
+     * _.camelCase('--foo-bar--');
+     * // => 'fooBar'
+     *
+     * _.camelCase('__FOO_BAR__');
+     * // => 'fooBar'
+     */
+    var camelCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
+      word = word.toLowerCase();
+      return result + (index ? capitalize(word) : word);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Converts the first character of `string` to upper case and the remaining
+     * to lower case.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to capitalize.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the capitalized string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.capitalize('FRED');
+     * // => 'Fred'
+     */
+    function capitalize(string) {
+      return upperFirst(toString(string).toLowerCase());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deburrs `string` by converting
+     * [latin-1 supplementary letters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin-1_Supplement_(Unicode_block)#Character_table)
+     * to basic latin letters and removing
+     * [combining diacritical marks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_Diacritical_Marks).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to deburr.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the deburred string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.deburr('déjà vu');
+     * // => 'deja vu'
+     */
+    function deburr(string) {
+      string = toString(string);
+      return string && string.replace(reLatin1, deburrLetter).replace(reComboMark, '');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `string` ends with the given target string.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to search.
+     * @param {string} [target] The string to search for.
+     * @param {number} [position=string.length] The position to search up to.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `string` ends with `target`,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.endsWith('abc', 'c');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.endsWith('abc', 'b');
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.endsWith('abc', 'b', 2);
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function endsWith(string, target, position) {
+      string = toString(string);
+      target = baseToString(target);
+
+      var length = string.length;
+      position = position === undefined
+        ? length
+        : baseClamp(toInteger(position), 0, length);
+
+      var end = position;
+      position -= target.length;
+      return position >= 0 && string.slice(position, end) == target;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts the characters "&", "<", ">", '"', "'", and "\`" in `string` to
+     * their corresponding HTML entities.
+     *
+     * **Note:** No other characters are escaped. To escape additional
+     * characters use a third-party library like [_he_](https://mths.be/he).
+     *
+     * Though the ">" character is escaped for symmetry, characters like
+     * ">" and "/" don't need escaping in HTML and have no special meaning
+     * unless they're part of a tag or unquoted attribute value. See
+     * [Mathias Bynens's article](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands)
+     * (under "semi-related fun fact") for more details.
+     *
+     * Backticks are escaped because in IE < 9, they can break out of
+     * attribute values or HTML comments. See [#59](https://html5sec.org/#59),
+     * [#102](https://html5sec.org/#102), [#108](https://html5sec.org/#108), and
+     * [#133](https://html5sec.org/#133) of the
+     * [HTML5 Security Cheatsheet](https://html5sec.org/) for more details.
+     *
+     * When working with HTML you should always
+     * [quote attribute values](http://wonko.com/post/html-escaping) to reduce
+     * XSS vectors.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to escape.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.escape('fred, barney, & pebbles');
+     * // => 'fred, barney, &amp; pebbles'
+     */
+    function escape(string) {
+      string = toString(string);
+      return (string && reHasUnescapedHtml.test(string))
+        ? string.replace(reUnescapedHtml, escapeHtmlChar)
+        : string;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Escapes the `RegExp` special characters "^", "$", "\", ".", "*", "+",
+     * "?", "(", ")", "[", "]", "{", "}", and "|" in `string`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to escape.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.escapeRegExp('[lodash](https://lodash.com/)');
+     * // => '\[lodash\]\(https://lodash\.com/\)'
+     */
+    function escapeRegExp(string) {
+      string = toString(string);
+      return (string && reHasRegExpChar.test(string))
+        ? string.replace(reRegExpChar, '\\$&')
+        : string;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `string` to
+     * [kebab case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_case#Special_case_styles).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the kebab cased string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.kebabCase('Foo Bar');
+     * // => 'foo-bar'
+     *
+     * _.kebabCase('fooBar');
+     * // => 'foo-bar'
+     *
+     * _.kebabCase('__FOO_BAR__');
+     * // => 'foo-bar'
+     */
+    var kebabCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
+      return result + (index ? '-' : '') + word.toLowerCase();
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `string`, as space separated words, to lower case.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the lower cased string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.lowerCase('--Foo-Bar--');
+     * // => 'foo bar'
+     *
+     * _.lowerCase('fooBar');
+     * // => 'foo bar'
+     *
+     * _.lowerCase('__FOO_BAR__');
+     * // => 'foo bar'
+     */
+    var lowerCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
+      return result + (index ? ' ' : '') + word.toLowerCase();
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Converts the first character of `string` to lower case.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the converted string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.lowerFirst('Fred');
+     * // => 'fred'
+     *
+     * _.lowerFirst('FRED');
+     * // => 'fRED'
+     */
+    var lowerFirst = createCaseFirst('toLowerCase');
+
+    /**
+     * Pads `string` on the left and right sides if it's shorter than `length`.
+     * Padding characters are truncated if they can't be evenly divided by `length`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to pad.
+     * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
+     * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the padded string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.pad('abc', 8);
+     * // => '  abc   '
+     *
+     * _.pad('abc', 8, '_-');
+     * // => '_-abc_-_'
+     *
+     * _.pad('abc', 3);
+     * // => 'abc'
+     */
+    function pad(string, length, chars) {
+      string = toString(string);
+      length = toInteger(length);
+
+      var strLength = length ? stringSize(string) : 0;
+      if (!length || strLength >= length) {
+        return string;
+      }
+      var mid = (length - strLength) / 2;
+      return (
+        createPadding(nativeFloor(mid), chars) +
+        string +
+        createPadding(nativeCeil(mid), chars)
+      );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pads `string` on the right side if it's shorter than `length`. Padding
+     * characters are truncated if they exceed `length`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to pad.
+     * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
+     * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the padded string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.padEnd('abc', 6);
+     * // => 'abc   '
+     *
+     * _.padEnd('abc', 6, '_-');
+     * // => 'abc_-_'
+     *
+     * _.padEnd('abc', 3);
+     * // => 'abc'
+     */
+    function padEnd(string, length, chars) {
+      string = toString(string);
+      length = toInteger(length);
+
+      var strLength = length ? stringSize(string) : 0;
+      return (length && strLength < length)
+        ? (string + createPadding(length - strLength, chars))
+        : string;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pads `string` on the left side if it's shorter than `length`. Padding
+     * characters are truncated if they exceed `length`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to pad.
+     * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
+     * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the padded string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.padStart('abc', 6);
+     * // => '   abc'
+     *
+     * _.padStart('abc', 6, '_-');
+     * // => '_-_abc'
+     *
+     * _.padStart('abc', 3);
+     * // => 'abc'
+     */
+    function padStart(string, length, chars) {
+      string = toString(string);
+      length = toInteger(length);
+
+      var strLength = length ? stringSize(string) : 0;
+      return (length && strLength < length)
+        ? (createPadding(length - strLength, chars) + string)
+        : string;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `string` to an integer of the specified radix. If `radix` is
+     * `undefined` or `0`, a `radix` of `10` is used unless `value` is a
+     * hexadecimal, in which case a `radix` of `16` is used.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method aligns with the
+     * [ES5 implementation](https://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.2) of `parseInt`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 1.1.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} string The string to convert.
+     * @param {number} [radix=10] The radix to interpret `value` by.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.parseInt('08');
+     * // => 8
+     *
+     * _.map(['6', '08', '10'], _.parseInt);
+     * // => [6, 8, 10]
+     */
+    function parseInt(string, radix, guard) {
+      // Chrome fails to trim leading <BOM> whitespace characters.
+      // See https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3109 for more details.
+      if (guard || radix == null) {
+        radix = 0;
+      } else if (radix) {
+        radix = +radix;
+      }
+      string = toString(string).replace(reTrim, '');
+      return nativeParseInt(string, radix || (reHasHexPrefix.test(string) ? 16 : 10));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Repeats the given string `n` times.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to repeat.
+     * @param {number} [n=1] The number of times to repeat the string.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the repeated string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.repeat('*', 3);
+     * // => '***'
+     *
+     * _.repeat('abc', 2);
+     * // => 'abcabc'
+     *
+     * _.repeat('abc', 0);
+     * // => ''
+     */
+    function repeat(string, n, guard) {
+      if ((guard ? isIterateeCall(string, n, guard) : n === undefined)) {
+        n = 1;
+      } else {
+        n = toInteger(n);
+      }
+      return baseRepeat(toString(string), n);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces matches for `pattern` in `string` with `replacement`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is based on
+     * [`String#replace`](https://mdn.io/String/replace).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to modify.
+     * @param {RegExp|string} pattern The pattern to replace.
+     * @param {Function|string} replacement The match replacement.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the modified string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.replace('Hi Fred', 'Fred', 'Barney');
+     * // => 'Hi Barney'
+     */
+    function replace() {
+      var args = arguments,
+          string = toString(args[0]);
+
+      return args.length < 3 ? string : nativeReplace.call(string, args[1], args[2]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `string` to
+     * [snake case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_case).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the snake cased string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.snakeCase('Foo Bar');
+     * // => 'foo_bar'
+     *
+     * _.snakeCase('fooBar');
+     * // => 'foo_bar'
+     *
+     * _.snakeCase('--FOO-BAR--');
+     * // => 'foo_bar'
+     */
+    var snakeCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
+      return result + (index ? '_' : '') + word.toLowerCase();
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Splits `string` by `separator`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method is based on
+     * [`String#split`](https://mdn.io/String/split).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to split.
+     * @param {RegExp|string} separator The separator pattern to split by.
+     * @param {number} [limit] The length to truncate results to.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the string segments.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.split('a-b-c', '-', 2);
+     * // => ['a', 'b']
+     */
+    function split(string, separator, limit) {
+      if (limit && typeof limit != 'number' && isIterateeCall(string, separator, limit)) {
+        separator = limit = undefined;
+      }
+      limit = limit === undefined ? MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH : limit >>> 0;
+      if (!limit) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      string = toString(string);
+      if (string && (
+            typeof separator == 'string' ||
+            (separator != null && !isRegExp(separator))
+          )) {
+        separator = baseToString(separator);
+        if (separator == '' && reHasComplexSymbol.test(string)) {
+          return castSlice(stringToArray(string), 0, limit);
+        }
+      }
+      return nativeSplit.call(string, separator, limit);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `string` to
+     * [start case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_case#Stylistic_or_specialised_usage).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.1.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the start cased string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.startCase('--foo-bar--');
+     * // => 'Foo Bar'
+     *
+     * _.startCase('fooBar');
+     * // => 'Foo Bar'
+     *
+     * _.startCase('__FOO_BAR__');
+     * // => 'FOO BAR'
+     */
+    var startCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
+      return result + (index ? ' ' : '') + upperFirst(word);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if `string` starts with the given target string.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to search.
+     * @param {string} [target] The string to search for.
+     * @param {number} [position=0] The position to search from.
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `string` starts with `target`,
+     *  else `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.startsWith('abc', 'a');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * _.startsWith('abc', 'b');
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * _.startsWith('abc', 'b', 1);
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function startsWith(string, target, position) {
+      string = toString(string);
+      position = baseClamp(toInteger(position), 0, string.length);
+      target = baseToString(target);
+      return string.slice(position, position + target.length) == target;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a compiled template function that can interpolate data properties
+     * in "interpolate" delimiters, HTML-escape interpolated data properties in
+     * "escape" delimiters, and execute JavaScript in "evaluate" delimiters. Data
+     * properties may be accessed as free variables in the template. If a setting
+     * object is given, it takes precedence over `_.templateSettings` values.
+     *
+     * **Note:** In the development build `_.template` utilizes
+     * [sourceURLs](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl)
+     * for easier debugging.
+     *
+     * For more information on precompiling templates see
+     * [lodash's custom builds documentation](https://lodash.com/custom-builds).
+     *
+     * For more information on Chrome extension sandboxes see
+     * [Chrome's extensions documentation](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/sandboxingEval).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The template string.
+     * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.
+     * @param {RegExp} [options.escape=_.templateSettings.escape]
+     *  The HTML "escape" delimiter.
+     * @param {RegExp} [options.evaluate=_.templateSettings.evaluate]
+     *  The "evaluate" delimiter.
+     * @param {Object} [options.imports=_.templateSettings.imports]
+     *  An object to import into the template as free variables.
+     * @param {RegExp} [options.interpolate=_.templateSettings.interpolate]
+     *  The "interpolate" delimiter.
+     * @param {string} [options.sourceURL='lodash.templateSources[n]']
+     *  The sourceURL of the compiled template.
+     * @param {string} [options.variable='obj']
+     *  The data object variable name.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the compiled template function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // Use the "interpolate" delimiter to create a compiled template.
+     * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= user %>!');
+     * compiled({ 'user': 'fred' });
+     * // => 'hello fred!'
+     *
+     * // Use the HTML "escape" delimiter to escape data property values.
+     * var compiled = _.template('<b><%- value %></b>');
+     * compiled({ 'value': '<script>' });
+     * // => '<b>&lt;script&gt;</b>'
+     *
+     * // Use the "evaluate" delimiter to execute JavaScript and generate HTML.
+     * var compiled = _.template('<% _.forEach(users, function(user) { %><li><%- user %></li><% }); %>');
+     * compiled({ 'users': ['fred', 'barney'] });
+     * // => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'
+     *
+     * // Use the internal `print` function in "evaluate" delimiters.
+     * var compiled = _.template('<% print("hello " + user); %>!');
+     * compiled({ 'user': 'barney' });
+     * // => 'hello barney!'
+     *
+     * // Use the ES delimiter as an alternative to the default "interpolate" delimiter.
+     * var compiled = _.template('hello ${ user }!');
+     * compiled({ 'user': 'pebbles' });
+     * // => 'hello pebbles!'
+     *
+     * // Use backslashes to treat delimiters as plain text.
+     * var compiled = _.template('<%= "\\<%- value %\\>" %>');
+     * compiled({ 'value': 'ignored' });
+     * // => '<%- value %>'
+     *
+     * // Use the `imports` option to import `jQuery` as `jq`.
+     * var text = '<% jq.each(users, function(user) { %><li><%- user %></li><% }); %>';
+     * var compiled = _.template(text, { 'imports': { 'jq': jQuery } });
+     * compiled({ 'users': ['fred', 'barney'] });
+     * // => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'
+     *
+     * // Use the `sourceURL` option to specify a custom sourceURL for the template.
+     * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= user %>!', { 'sourceURL': '/basic/greeting.jst' });
+     * compiled(data);
+     * // => Find the source of "greeting.jst" under the Sources tab or Resources panel of the web inspector.
+     *
+     * // Use the `variable` option to ensure a with-statement isn't used in the compiled template.
+     * var compiled = _.template('hi <%= data.user %>!', { 'variable': 'data' });
+     * compiled.source;
+     * // => function(data) {
+     * //   var __t, __p = '';
+     * //   __p += 'hi ' + ((__t = ( data.user )) == null ? '' : __t) + '!';
+     * //   return __p;
+     * // }
+     *
+     * // Use custom template delimiters.
+     * _.templateSettings.interpolate = /{{([\s\S]+?)}}/g;
+     * var compiled = _.template('hello {{ user }}!');
+     * compiled({ 'user': 'mustache' });
+     * // => 'hello mustache!'
+     *
+     * // Use the `source` property to inline compiled templates for meaningful
+     * // line numbers in error messages and stack traces.
+     * fs.writeFileSync(path.join(process.cwd(), 'jst.js'), '\
+     *   var JST = {\
+     *     "main": ' + _.template(mainText).source + '\
+     *   };\
+     * ');
+     */
+    function template(string, options, guard) {
+      // Based on John Resig's `tmpl` implementation
+      // (http://ejohn.org/blog/javascript-micro-templating/)
+      // and Laura Doktorova's doT.js (https://github.com/olado/doT).
+      var settings = lodash.templateSettings;
+
+      if (guard && isIterateeCall(string, options, guard)) {
+        options = undefined;
+      }
+      string = toString(string);
+      options = assignInWith({}, options, settings, assignInDefaults);
+
+      var imports = assignInWith({}, options.imports, settings.imports, assignInDefaults),
+          importsKeys = keys(imports),
+          importsValues = baseValues(imports, importsKeys);
+
+      var isEscaping,
+          isEvaluating,
+          index = 0,
+          interpolate = options.interpolate || reNoMatch,
+          source = "__p += '";
+
+      // Compile the regexp to match each delimiter.
+      var reDelimiters = RegExp(
+        (options.escape || reNoMatch).source + '|' +
+        interpolate.source + '|' +
+        (interpolate === reInterpolate ? reEsTemplate : reNoMatch).source + '|' +
+        (options.evaluate || reNoMatch).source + '|$'
+      , 'g');
+
+      // Use a sourceURL for easier debugging.
+      var sourceURL = '//# sourceURL=' +
+        ('sourceURL' in options
+          ? options.sourceURL
+          : ('lodash.templateSources[' + (++templateCounter) + ']')
+        ) + '\n';
+
+      string.replace(reDelimiters, function(match, escapeValue, interpolateValue, esTemplateValue, evaluateValue, offset) {
+        interpolateValue || (interpolateValue = esTemplateValue);
+
+        // Escape characters that can't be included in string literals.
+        source += string.slice(index, offset).replace(reUnescapedString, escapeStringChar);
+
+        // Replace delimiters with snippets.
+        if (escapeValue) {
+          isEscaping = true;
+          source += "' +\n__e(" + escapeValue + ") +\n'";
+        }
+        if (evaluateValue) {
+          isEvaluating = true;
+          source += "';\n" + evaluateValue + ";\n__p += '";
+        }
+        if (interpolateValue) {
+          source += "' +\n((__t = (" + interpolateValue + ")) == null ? '' : __t) +\n'";
+        }
+        index = offset + match.length;
+
+        // The JS engine embedded in Adobe products needs `match` returned in
+        // order to produce the correct `offset` value.
+        return match;
+      });
+
+      source += "';\n";
+
+      // If `variable` is not specified wrap a with-statement around the generated
+      // code to add the data object to the top of the scope chain.
+      var variable = options.variable;
+      if (!variable) {
+        source = 'with (obj) {\n' + source + '\n}\n';
+      }
+      // Cleanup code by stripping empty strings.
+      source = (isEvaluating ? source.replace(reEmptyStringLeading, '') : source)
+        .replace(reEmptyStringMiddle, '$1')
+        .replace(reEmptyStringTrailing, '$1;');
+
+      // Frame code as the function body.
+      source = 'function(' + (variable || 'obj') + ') {\n' +
+        (variable
+          ? ''
+          : 'obj || (obj = {});\n'
+        ) +
+        "var __t, __p = ''" +
+        (isEscaping
+           ? ', __e = _.escape'
+           : ''
+        ) +
+        (isEvaluating
+          ? ', __j = Array.prototype.join;\n' +
+            "function print() { __p += __j.call(arguments, '') }\n"
+          : ';\n'
+        ) +
+        source +
+        'return __p\n}';
+
+      var result = attempt(function() {
+        return Function(importsKeys, sourceURL + 'return ' + source)
+          .apply(undefined, importsValues);
+      });
+
+      // Provide the compiled function's source by its `toString` method or
+      // the `source` property as a convenience for inlining compiled templates.
+      result.source = source;
+      if (isError(result)) {
+        throw result;
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `string`, as a whole, to lower case just like
+     * [String#toLowerCase](https://mdn.io/toLowerCase).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the lower cased string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.toLower('--Foo-Bar--');
+     * // => '--foo-bar--'
+     *
+     * _.toLower('fooBar');
+     * // => 'foobar'
+     *
+     * _.toLower('__FOO_BAR__');
+     * // => '__foo_bar__'
+     */
+    function toLower(value) {
+      return toString(value).toLowerCase();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `string`, as a whole, to upper case just like
+     * [String#toUpperCase](https://mdn.io/toUpperCase).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the upper cased string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.toUpper('--foo-bar--');
+     * // => '--FOO-BAR--'
+     *
+     * _.toUpper('fooBar');
+     * // => 'FOOBAR'
+     *
+     * _.toUpper('__foo_bar__');
+     * // => '__FOO_BAR__'
+     */
+    function toUpper(value) {
+      return toString(value).toUpperCase();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes leading and trailing whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
+     * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.trim('  abc  ');
+     * // => 'abc'
+     *
+     * _.trim('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
+     * // => 'abc'
+     *
+     * _.map(['  foo  ', '  bar  '], _.trim);
+     * // => ['foo', 'bar']
+     */
+    function trim(string, chars, guard) {
+      string = toString(string);
+      if (string && (guard || chars === undefined)) {
+        return string.replace(reTrim, '');
+      }
+      if (!string || !(chars = baseToString(chars))) {
+        return string;
+      }
+      var strSymbols = stringToArray(string),
+          chrSymbols = stringToArray(chars),
+          start = charsStartIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols),
+          end = charsEndIndex(strSymbols, chrSymbols) + 1;
+
+      return castSlice(strSymbols, start, end).join('');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes trailing whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
+     * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.trimEnd('  abc  ');
+     * // => '  abc'
+     *
+     * _.trimEnd('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
+     * // => '-_-abc'
+     */
+    function trimEnd(string, chars, guard) {
+      string = toString(string);
+      if (string && (guard || chars === undefined)) {
+        return string.replace(reTrimEnd, '');
+      }
+      if (!string || !(chars = baseToString(chars))) {
+        return string;
+      }
+      var strSymbols = stringToArray(string),
+          end = charsEndIndex(strSymbols, stringToArray(chars)) + 1;
+
+      return castSlice(strSymbols, 0, end).join('');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes leading whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
+     * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.trimStart('  abc  ');
+     * // => 'abc  '
+     *
+     * _.trimStart('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
+     * // => 'abc-_-'
+     */
+    function trimStart(string, chars, guard) {
+      string = toString(string);
+      if (string && (guard || chars === undefined)) {
+        return string.replace(reTrimStart, '');
+      }
+      if (!string || !(chars = baseToString(chars))) {
+        return string;
+      }
+      var strSymbols = stringToArray(string),
+          start = charsStartIndex(strSymbols, stringToArray(chars));
+
+      return castSlice(strSymbols, start).join('');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Truncates `string` if it's longer than the given maximum string length.
+     * The last characters of the truncated string are replaced with the omission
+     * string which defaults to "...".
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to truncate.
+     * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.
+     * @param {number} [options.length=30] The maximum string length.
+     * @param {string} [options.omission='...'] The string to indicate text is omitted.
+     * @param {RegExp|string} [options.separator] The separator pattern to truncate to.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the truncated string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.truncate('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino');
+     * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there, neighbo...'
+     *
+     * _.truncate('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
+     *   'length': 24,
+     *   'separator': ' '
+     * });
+     * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there,...'
+     *
+     * _.truncate('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
+     *   'length': 24,
+     *   'separator': /,? +/
+     * });
+     * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there...'
+     *
+     * _.truncate('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
+     *   'omission': ' [...]'
+     * });
+     * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there, neig [...]'
+     */
+    function truncate(string, options) {
+      var length = DEFAULT_TRUNC_LENGTH,
+          omission = DEFAULT_TRUNC_OMISSION;
+
+      if (isObject(options)) {
+        var separator = 'separator' in options ? options.separator : separator;
+        length = 'length' in options ? toInteger(options.length) : length;
+        omission = 'omission' in options ? baseToString(options.omission) : omission;
+      }
+      string = toString(string);
+
+      var strLength = string.length;
+      if (reHasComplexSymbol.test(string)) {
+        var strSymbols = stringToArray(string);
+        strLength = strSymbols.length;
+      }
+      if (length >= strLength) {
+        return string;
+      }
+      var end = length - stringSize(omission);
+      if (end < 1) {
+        return omission;
+      }
+      var result = strSymbols
+        ? castSlice(strSymbols, 0, end).join('')
+        : string.slice(0, end);
+
+      if (separator === undefined) {
+        return result + omission;
+      }
+      if (strSymbols) {
+        end += (result.length - end);
+      }
+      if (isRegExp(separator)) {
+        if (string.slice(end).search(separator)) {
+          var match,
+              substring = result;
+
+          if (!separator.global) {
+            separator = RegExp(separator.source, toString(reFlags.exec(separator)) + 'g');
+          }
+          separator.lastIndex = 0;
+          while ((match = separator.exec(substring))) {
+            var newEnd = match.index;
+          }
+          result = result.slice(0, newEnd === undefined ? end : newEnd);
+        }
+      } else if (string.indexOf(baseToString(separator), end) != end) {
+        var index = result.lastIndexOf(separator);
+        if (index > -1) {
+          result = result.slice(0, index);
+        }
+      }
+      return result + omission;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The inverse of `_.escape`; this method converts the HTML entities
+     * `&amp;`, `&lt;`, `&gt;`, `&quot;`, `&#39;`, and `&#96;` in `string` to
+     * their corresponding characters.
+     *
+     * **Note:** No other HTML entities are unescaped. To unescape additional
+     * HTML entities use a third-party library like [_he_](https://mths.be/he).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 0.6.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to unescape.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.unescape('fred, barney, &amp; pebbles');
+     * // => 'fred, barney, & pebbles'
+     */
+    function unescape(string) {
+      string = toString(string);
+      return (string && reHasEscapedHtml.test(string))
+        ? string.replace(reEscapedHtml, unescapeHtmlChar)
+        : string;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `string`, as space separated words, to upper case.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the upper cased string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.upperCase('--foo-bar');
+     * // => 'FOO BAR'
+     *
+     * _.upperCase('fooBar');
+     * // => 'FOO BAR'
+     *
+     * _.upperCase('__foo_bar__');
+     * // => 'FOO BAR'
+     */
+    var upperCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
+      return result + (index ? ' ' : '') + word.toUpperCase();
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Converts the first character of `string` to upper case.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the converted string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.upperFirst('fred');
+     * // => 'Fred'
+     *
+     * _.upperFirst('FRED');
+     * // => 'FRED'
+     */
+    var upperFirst = createCaseFirst('toUpperCase');
+
+    /**
+     * Splits `string` into an array of its words.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category String
+     * @param {string} [string=''] The string to inspect.
+     * @param {RegExp|string} [pattern] The pattern to match words.
+     * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the words of `string`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.words('fred, barney, & pebbles');
+     * // => ['fred', 'barney', 'pebbles']
+     *
+     * _.words('fred, barney, & pebbles', /[^, ]+/g);
+     * // => ['fred', 'barney', '&', 'pebbles']
+     */
+    function words(string, pattern, guard) {
+      string = toString(string);
+      pattern = guard ? undefined : pattern;
+
+      if (pattern === undefined) {
+        pattern = reHasComplexWord.test(string) ? reComplexWord : reBasicWord;
+      }
+      return string.match(pattern) || [];
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to invoke `func`, returning either the result or the caught error
+     * object. Any additional arguments are provided to `func` when it's invoked.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Function} func The function to attempt.
+     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke `func` with.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the `func` result or error object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * // Avoid throwing errors for invalid selectors.
+     * var elements = _.attempt(function(selector) {
+     *   return document.querySelectorAll(selector);
+     * }, '>_>');
+     *
+     * if (_.isError(elements)) {
+     *   elements = [];
+     * }
+     */
+    var attempt = baseRest(function(func, args) {
+      try {
+        return apply(func, undefined, args);
+      } catch (e) {
+        return isError(e) ? e : new Error(e);
+      }
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Binds methods of an object to the object itself, overwriting the existing
+     * method.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method doesn't set the "length" property of bound functions.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Object} object The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.
+     * @param {...(string|string[])} methodNames The object method names to bind.
+     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var view = {
+     *   'label': 'docs',
+     *   'click': function() {
+     *     console.log('clicked ' + this.label);
+     *   }
+     * };
+     *
+     * _.bindAll(view, ['click']);
+     * jQuery(element).on('click', view.click);
+     * // => Logs 'clicked docs' when clicked.
+     */
+    var bindAll = baseRest(function(object, methodNames) {
+      arrayEach(baseFlatten(methodNames, 1), function(key) {
+        key = toKey(key);
+        object[key] = bind(object[key], object);
+      });
+      return object;
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that iterates over `pairs` and invokes the corresponding
+     * function of the first predicate to return truthy. The predicate-function
+     * pairs are invoked with the `this` binding and arguments of the created
+     * function.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Array} pairs The predicate-function pairs.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new composite function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var func = _.cond([
+     *   [_.matches({ 'a': 1 }),           _.constant('matches A')],
+     *   [_.conforms({ 'b': _.isNumber }), _.constant('matches B')],
+     *   [_.stubTrue,                      _.constant('no match')]
+     * ]);
+     *
+     * func({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 });
+     * // => 'matches A'
+     *
+     * func({ 'a': 0, 'b': 1 });
+     * // => 'matches B'
+     *
+     * func({ 'a': '1', 'b': '2' });
+     * // => 'no match'
+     */
+    function cond(pairs) {
+      var length = pairs ? pairs.length : 0,
+          toIteratee = getIteratee();
+
+      pairs = !length ? [] : arrayMap(pairs, function(pair) {
+        if (typeof pair[1] != 'function') {
+          throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
+        }
+        return [toIteratee(pair[0]), pair[1]];
+      });
+
+      return baseRest(function(args) {
+        var index = -1;
+        while (++index < length) {
+          var pair = pairs[index];
+          if (apply(pair[0], this, args)) {
+            return apply(pair[1], this, args);
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes the predicate properties of `source` with
+     * the corresponding property values of a given object, returning `true` if
+     * all predicates return truthy, else `false`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** The created function is equivalent to `_.conformsTo` with
+     * `source` partially applied.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Object} source The object of property predicates to conform to.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [
+     *   { 'a': 2, 'b': 1 },
+     *   { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.filter(objects, _.conforms({ 'b': function(n) { return n > 1; } }));
+     * // => [{ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }]
+     */
+    function conforms(source) {
+      return baseConforms(baseClone(source, true));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that returns `value`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.4.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {*} value The value to return from the new function.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new constant function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = _.times(2, _.constant({ 'a': 1 }));
+     *
+     * console.log(objects);
+     * // => [{ 'a': 1 }, { 'a': 1 }]
+     *
+     * console.log(objects[0] === objects[1]);
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function constant(value) {
+      return function() {
+        return value;
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks `value` to determine whether a default value should be returned in
+     * its place. The `defaultValue` is returned if `value` is `NaN`, `null`,
+     * or `undefined`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.14.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {*} value The value to check.
+     * @param {*} defaultValue The default value.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.defaultTo(1, 10);
+     * // => 1
+     *
+     * _.defaultTo(undefined, 10);
+     * // => 10
+     */
+    function defaultTo(value, defaultValue) {
+      return (value == null || value !== value) ? defaultValue : value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that returns the result of invoking the given functions
+     * with the `this` binding of the created function, where each successive
+     * invocation is supplied the return value of the previous.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {...(Function|Function[])} [funcs] The functions to invoke.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new composite function.
+     * @see _.flowRight
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function square(n) {
+     *   return n * n;
+     * }
+     *
+     * var addSquare = _.flow([_.add, square]);
+     * addSquare(1, 2);
+     * // => 9
+     */
+    var flow = createFlow();
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.flow` except that it creates a function that
+     * invokes the given functions from right to left.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {...(Function|Function[])} [funcs] The functions to invoke.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new composite function.
+     * @see _.flow
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function square(n) {
+     *   return n * n;
+     * }
+     *
+     * var addSquare = _.flowRight([square, _.add]);
+     * addSquare(1, 2);
+     * // => 9
+     */
+    var flowRight = createFlow(true);
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the first argument it receives.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {*} value Any value.
+     * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var object = { 'a': 1 };
+     *
+     * console.log(_.identity(object) === object);
+     * // => true
+     */
+    function identity(value) {
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the arguments of the created
+     * function. If `func` is a property name, the created function returns the
+     * property value for a given element. If `func` is an array or object, the
+     * created function returns `true` for elements that contain the equivalent
+     * source properties, otherwise it returns `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {*} [func=_.identity] The value to convert to a callback.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the callback.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var users = [
+     *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
+     *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.filter(users, _.iteratee({ 'user': 'barney', 'active': true }));
+     * // => [{ 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true }]
+     *
+     * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.filter(users, _.iteratee(['user', 'fred']));
+     * // => [{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }]
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.map(users, _.iteratee('user'));
+     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
+     *
+     * // Create custom iteratee shorthands.
+     * _.iteratee = _.wrap(_.iteratee, function(iteratee, func) {
+     *   return !_.isRegExp(func) ? iteratee(func) : function(string) {
+     *     return func.test(string);
+     *   };
+     * });
+     *
+     * _.filter(['abc', 'def'], /ef/);
+     * // => ['def']
+     */
+    function iteratee(func) {
+      return baseIteratee(typeof func == 'function' ? func : baseClone(func, true));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that performs a partial deep comparison between a given
+     * object and `source`, returning `true` if the given object has equivalent
+     * property values, else `false`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** The created function supports comparing the same values as
+     * `_.isEqual` is equivalent to `_.isMatch` with `source` partially applied.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [
+     *   { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 },
+     *   { 'a': 4, 'b': 5, 'c': 6 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.filter(objects, _.matches({ 'a': 4, 'c': 6 }));
+     * // => [{ 'a': 4, 'b': 5, 'c': 6 }]
+     */
+    function matches(source) {
+      return baseMatches(baseClone(source, true));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that performs a partial deep comparison between the
+     * value at `path` of a given object to `srcValue`, returning `true` if the
+     * object value is equivalent, else `false`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** This method supports comparing the same values as `_.isEqual`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.2.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
+     * @param {*} srcValue The value to match.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [
+     *   { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 },
+     *   { 'a': 4, 'b': 5, 'c': 6 }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.find(objects, _.matchesProperty('a', 4));
+     * // => { 'a': 4, 'b': 5, 'c': 6 }
+     */
+    function matchesProperty(path, srcValue) {
+      return baseMatchesProperty(path, baseClone(srcValue, true));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes the method at `path` of a given object.
+     * Any additional arguments are provided to the invoked method.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.7.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the method to invoke.
+     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the method with.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new invoker function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [
+     *   { 'a': { 'b': _.constant(2) } },
+     *   { 'a': { 'b': _.constant(1) } }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.map(objects, _.method('a.b'));
+     * // => [2, 1]
+     *
+     * _.map(objects, _.method(['a', 'b']));
+     * // => [2, 1]
+     */
+    var method = baseRest(function(path, args) {
+      return function(object) {
+        return baseInvoke(object, path, args);
+      };
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * The opposite of `_.method`; this method creates a function that invokes
+     * the method at a given path of `object`. Any additional arguments are
+     * provided to the invoked method.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.7.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the method with.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new invoker function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = _.times(3, _.constant),
+     *     object = { 'a': array, 'b': array, 'c': array };
+     *
+     * _.map(['a[2]', 'c[0]'], _.methodOf(object));
+     * // => [2, 0]
+     *
+     * _.map([['a', '2'], ['c', '0']], _.methodOf(object));
+     * // => [2, 0]
+     */
+    var methodOf = baseRest(function(object, args) {
+      return function(path) {
+        return baseInvoke(object, path, args);
+      };
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Adds all own enumerable string keyed function properties of a source
+     * object to the destination object. If `object` is a function, then methods
+     * are added to its prototype as well.
+     *
+     * **Note:** Use `_.runInContext` to create a pristine `lodash` function to
+     * avoid conflicts caused by modifying the original.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Function|Object} [object=lodash] The destination object.
+     * @param {Object} source The object of functions to add.
+     * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.chain=true] Specify whether mixins are chainable.
+     * @returns {Function|Object} Returns `object`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * function vowels(string) {
+     *   return _.filter(string, function(v) {
+     *     return /[aeiou]/i.test(v);
+     *   });
+     * }
+     *
+     * _.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels });
+     * _.vowels('fred');
+     * // => ['e']
+     *
+     * _('fred').vowels().value();
+     * // => ['e']
+     *
+     * _.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels }, { 'chain': false });
+     * _('fred').vowels();
+     * // => ['e']
+     */
+    function mixin(object, source, options) {
+      var props = keys(source),
+          methodNames = baseFunctions(source, props);
+
+      if (options == null &&
+          !(isObject(source) && (methodNames.length || !props.length))) {
+        options = source;
+        source = object;
+        object = this;
+        methodNames = baseFunctions(source, keys(source));
+      }
+      var chain = !(isObject(options) && 'chain' in options) || !!options.chain,
+          isFunc = isFunction(object);
+
+      arrayEach(methodNames, function(methodName) {
+        var func = source[methodName];
+        object[methodName] = func;
+        if (isFunc) {
+          object.prototype[methodName] = function() {
+            var chainAll = this.__chain__;
+            if (chain || chainAll) {
+              var result = object(this.__wrapped__),
+                  actions = result.__actions__ = copyArray(this.__actions__);
+
+              actions.push({ 'func': func, 'args': arguments, 'thisArg': object });
+              result.__chain__ = chainAll;
+              return result;
+            }
+            return func.apply(object, arrayPush([this.value()], arguments));
+          };
+        }
+      });
+
+      return object;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reverts the `_` variable to its previous value and returns a reference to
+     * the `lodash` function.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Util
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var lodash = _.noConflict();
+     */
+    function noConflict() {
+      if (root._ === this) {
+        root._ = oldDash;
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns `undefined`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.3.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.times(2, _.noop);
+     * // => [undefined, undefined]
+     */
+    function noop() {
+      // No operation performed.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that gets the argument at index `n`. If `n` is negative,
+     * the nth argument from the end is returned.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {number} [n=0] The index of the argument to return.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new pass-thru function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var func = _.nthArg(1);
+     * func('a', 'b', 'c', 'd');
+     * // => 'b'
+     *
+     * var func = _.nthArg(-2);
+     * func('a', 'b', 'c', 'd');
+     * // => 'c'
+     */
+    function nthArg(n) {
+      n = toInteger(n);
+      return baseRest(function(args) {
+        return baseNth(args, n);
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that invokes `iteratees` with the arguments it receives
+     * and returns their results.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {...(Function|Function[])} [iteratees=[_.identity]]
+     *  The iteratees to invoke.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var func = _.over([Math.max, Math.min]);
+     *
+     * func(1, 2, 3, 4);
+     * // => [4, 1]
+     */
+    var over = createOver(arrayMap);
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that checks if **all** of the `predicates` return
+     * truthy when invoked with the arguments it receives.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {...(Function|Function[])} [predicates=[_.identity]]
+     *  The predicates to check.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var func = _.overEvery([Boolean, isFinite]);
+     *
+     * func('1');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * func(null);
+     * // => false
+     *
+     * func(NaN);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    var overEvery = createOver(arrayEvery);
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that checks if **any** of the `predicates` return
+     * truthy when invoked with the arguments it receives.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {...(Function|Function[])} [predicates=[_.identity]]
+     *  The predicates to check.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var func = _.overSome([Boolean, isFinite]);
+     *
+     * func('1');
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * func(null);
+     * // => true
+     *
+     * func(NaN);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    var overSome = createOver(arraySome);
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a function that returns the value at `path` of a given object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 2.4.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [
+     *   { 'a': { 'b': 2 } },
+     *   { 'a': { 'b': 1 } }
+     * ];
+     *
+     * _.map(objects, _.property('a.b'));
+     * // => [2, 1]
+     *
+     * _.map(_.sortBy(objects, _.property(['a', 'b'])), 'a.b');
+     * // => [1, 2]
+     */
+    function property(path) {
+      return isKey(path) ? baseProperty(toKey(path)) : basePropertyDeep(path);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The opposite of `_.property`; this method creates a function that returns
+     * the value at a given path of `object`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.0.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {Object} object The object to query.
+     * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var array = [0, 1, 2],
+     *     object = { 'a': array, 'b': array, 'c': array };
+     *
+     * _.map(['a[2]', 'c[0]'], _.propertyOf(object));
+     * // => [2, 0]
+     *
+     * _.map([['a', '2'], ['c', '0']], _.propertyOf(object));
+     * // => [2, 0]
+     */
+    function propertyOf(object) {
+      return function(path) {
+        return object == null ? undefined : baseGet(object, path);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from
+     * `start` up to, but not including, `end`. A step of `-1` is used if a negative
+     * `start` is specified without an `end` or `step`. If `end` is not specified,
+     * it's set to `start` with `start` then set to `0`.
+     *
+     * **Note:** JavaScript follows the IEEE-754 standard for resolving
+     * floating-point values which can produce unexpected results.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.
+     * @param {number} end The end of the range.
+     * @param {number} [step=1] The value to increment or decrement by.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the range of numbers.
+     * @see _.inRange, _.rangeRight
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.range(4);
+     * // => [0, 1, 2, 3]
+     *
+     * _.range(-4);
+     * // => [0, -1, -2, -3]
+     *
+     * _.range(1, 5);
+     * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
+     *
+     * _.range(0, 20, 5);
+     * // => [0, 5, 10, 15]
+     *
+     * _.range(0, -4, -1);
+     * // => [0, -1, -2, -3]
+     *
+     * _.range(1, 4, 0);
+     * // => [1, 1, 1]
+     *
+     * _.range(0);
+     * // => []
+     */
+    var range = createRange();
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.range` except that it populates values in
+     * descending order.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.
+     * @param {number} end The end of the range.
+     * @param {number} [step=1] The value to increment or decrement by.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the range of numbers.
+     * @see _.inRange, _.range
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.rangeRight(4);
+     * // => [3, 2, 1, 0]
+     *
+     * _.rangeRight(-4);
+     * // => [-3, -2, -1, 0]
+     *
+     * _.rangeRight(1, 5);
+     * // => [4, 3, 2, 1]
+     *
+     * _.rangeRight(0, 20, 5);
+     * // => [15, 10, 5, 0]
+     *
+     * _.rangeRight(0, -4, -1);
+     * // => [-3, -2, -1, 0]
+     *
+     * _.rangeRight(1, 4, 0);
+     * // => [1, 1, 1]
+     *
+     * _.rangeRight(0);
+     * // => []
+     */
+    var rangeRight = createRange(true);
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns a new empty array.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.13.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new empty array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var arrays = _.times(2, _.stubArray);
+     *
+     * console.log(arrays);
+     * // => [[], []]
+     *
+     * console.log(arrays[0] === arrays[1]);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function stubArray() {
+      return [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns `false`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.13.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `false`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.times(2, _.stubFalse);
+     * // => [false, false]
+     */
+    function stubFalse() {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns a new empty object.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.13.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @returns {Object} Returns the new empty object.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = _.times(2, _.stubObject);
+     *
+     * console.log(objects);
+     * // => [{}, {}]
+     *
+     * console.log(objects[0] === objects[1]);
+     * // => false
+     */
+    function stubObject() {
+      return {};
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns an empty string.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.13.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @returns {string} Returns the empty string.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.times(2, _.stubString);
+     * // => ['', '']
+     */
+    function stubString() {
+      return '';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns `true`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.13.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true`.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.times(2, _.stubTrue);
+     * // => [true, true]
+     */
+    function stubTrue() {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invokes the iteratee `n` times, returning an array of the results of
+     * each invocation. The iteratee is invoked with one argument; (index).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {number} n The number of times to invoke `iteratee`.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.times(3, String);
+     * // => ['0', '1', '2']
+     *
+     *  _.times(4, _.constant(0));
+     * // => [0, 0, 0, 0]
+     */
+    function times(n, iteratee) {
+      n = toInteger(n);
+      if (n < 1 || n > MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) {
+        return [];
+      }
+      var index = MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH,
+          length = nativeMin(n, MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH);
+
+      iteratee = getIteratee(iteratee);
+      n -= MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH;
+
+      var result = baseTimes(length, iteratee);
+      while (++index < n) {
+        iteratee(index);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts `value` to a property path array.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {*} value The value to convert.
+     * @returns {Array} Returns the new property path array.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.toPath('a.b.c');
+     * // => ['a', 'b', 'c']
+     *
+     * _.toPath('a[0].b.c');
+     * // => ['a', '0', 'b', 'c']
+     */
+    function toPath(value) {
+      if (isArray(value)) {
+        return arrayMap(value, toKey);
+      }
+      return isSymbol(value) ? [value] : copyArray(stringToPath(value));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generates a unique ID. If `prefix` is given, the ID is appended to it.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Util
+     * @param {string} [prefix=''] The value to prefix the ID with.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the unique ID.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.uniqueId('contact_');
+     * // => 'contact_104'
+     *
+     * _.uniqueId();
+     * // => '105'
+     */
+    function uniqueId(prefix) {
+      var id = ++idCounter;
+      return toString(prefix) + id;
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Adds two numbers.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.4.0
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {number} augend The first number in an addition.
+     * @param {number} addend The second number in an addition.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the total.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.add(6, 4);
+     * // => 10
+     */
+    var add = createMathOperation(function(augend, addend) {
+      return augend + addend;
+    }, 0);
+
+    /**
+     * Computes `number` rounded up to `precision`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.10.0
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {number} number The number to round up.
+     * @param {number} [precision=0] The precision to round up to.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the rounded up number.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.ceil(4.006);
+     * // => 5
+     *
+     * _.ceil(6.004, 2);
+     * // => 6.01
+     *
+     * _.ceil(6040, -2);
+     * // => 6100
+     */
+    var ceil = createRound('ceil');
+
+    /**
+     * Divide two numbers.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.7.0
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {number} dividend The first number in a division.
+     * @param {number} divisor The second number in a division.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the quotient.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.divide(6, 4);
+     * // => 1.5
+     */
+    var divide = createMathOperation(function(dividend, divisor) {
+      return dividend / divisor;
+    }, 1);
+
+    /**
+     * Computes `number` rounded down to `precision`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.10.0
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {number} number The number to round down.
+     * @param {number} [precision=0] The precision to round down to.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the rounded down number.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.floor(4.006);
+     * // => 4
+     *
+     * _.floor(0.046, 2);
+     * // => 0.04
+     *
+     * _.floor(4060, -2);
+     * // => 4000
+     */
+    var floor = createRound('floor');
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the maximum value of `array`. If `array` is empty or falsey,
+     * `undefined` is returned.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);
+     * // => 8
+     *
+     * _.max([]);
+     * // => undefined
+     */
+    function max(array) {
+      return (array && array.length)
+        ? baseExtremum(array, identity, baseGt)
+        : undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.max` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is
+     * invoked for each element in `array` to generate the criterion by which
+     * the value is ranked. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [{ 'n': 1 }, { 'n': 2 }];
+     *
+     * _.maxBy(objects, function(o) { return o.n; });
+     * // => { 'n': 2 }
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.maxBy(objects, 'n');
+     * // => { 'n': 2 }
+     */
+    function maxBy(array, iteratee) {
+      return (array && array.length)
+        ? baseExtremum(array, getIteratee(iteratee, 2), baseGt)
+        : undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the mean of the values in `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the mean.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.mean([4, 2, 8, 6]);
+     * // => 5
+     */
+    function mean(array) {
+      return baseMean(array, identity);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.mean` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is
+     * invoked for each element in `array` to generate the value to be averaged.
+     * The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.7.0
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the mean.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [{ 'n': 4 }, { 'n': 2 }, { 'n': 8 }, { 'n': 6 }];
+     *
+     * _.meanBy(objects, function(o) { return o.n; });
+     * // => 5
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.meanBy(objects, 'n');
+     * // => 5
+     */
+    function meanBy(array, iteratee) {
+      return baseMean(array, getIteratee(iteratee, 2));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the minimum value of `array`. If `array` is empty or falsey,
+     * `undefined` is returned.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @since 0.1.0
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);
+     * // => 2
+     *
+     * _.min([]);
+     * // => undefined
+     */
+    function min(array) {
+      return (array && array.length)
+        ? baseExtremum(array, identity, baseLt)
+        : undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.min` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is
+     * invoked for each element in `array` to generate the criterion by which
+     * the value is ranked. The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [{ 'n': 1 }, { 'n': 2 }];
+     *
+     * _.minBy(objects, function(o) { return o.n; });
+     * // => { 'n': 1 }
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.minBy(objects, 'n');
+     * // => { 'n': 1 }
+     */
+    function minBy(array, iteratee) {
+      return (array && array.length)
+        ? baseExtremum(array, getIteratee(iteratee, 2), baseLt)
+        : undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Multiply two numbers.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.7.0
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {number} multiplier The first number in a multiplication.
+     * @param {number} multiplicand The second number in a multiplication.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the product.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.multiply(6, 4);
+     * // => 24
+     */
+    var multiply = createMathOperation(function(multiplier, multiplicand) {
+      return multiplier * multiplicand;
+    }, 1);
+
+    /**
+     * Computes `number` rounded to `precision`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.10.0
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {number} number The number to round.
+     * @param {number} [precision=0] The precision to round to.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the rounded number.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.round(4.006);
+     * // => 4
+     *
+     * _.round(4.006, 2);
+     * // => 4.01
+     *
+     * _.round(4060, -2);
+     * // => 4100
+     */
+    var round = createRound('round');
+
+    /**
+     * Subtract two numbers.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {number} minuend The first number in a subtraction.
+     * @param {number} subtrahend The second number in a subtraction.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the difference.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.subtract(6, 4);
+     * // => 2
+     */
+    var subtract = createMathOperation(function(minuend, subtrahend) {
+      return minuend - subtrahend;
+    }, 0);
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the sum of the values in `array`.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 3.4.0
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * _.sum([4, 2, 8, 6]);
+     * // => 20
+     */
+    function sum(array) {
+      return (array && array.length)
+        ? baseSum(array, identity)
+        : 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is like `_.sum` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is
+     * invoked for each element in `array` to generate the value to be summed.
+     * The iteratee is invoked with one argument: (value).
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @since 4.0.0
+     * @category Math
+     * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+     * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.
+     * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
+     * @example
+     *
+     * var objects = [{ 'n': 4 }, { 'n': 2 }, { 'n': 8 }, { 'n': 6 }];
+     *
+     * _.sumBy(objects, function(o) { return o.n; });
+     * // => 20
+     *
+     * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.
+     * _.sumBy(objects, 'n');
+     * // => 20
+     */
+    function sumBy(array, iteratee) {
+      return (array && array.length)
+        ? baseSum(array, getIteratee(iteratee, 2))
+        : 0;
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    // Add methods that return wrapped values in chain sequences.
+    lodash.after = after;
+    lodash.ary = ary;
+    lodash.assign = assign;
+    lodash.assignIn = assignIn;
+    lodash.assignInWith = assignInWith;
+    lodash.assignWith = assignWith;
+    lodash.at = at;
+    lodash.before = before;
+    lodash.bind = bind;
+    lodash.bindAll = bindAll;
+    lodash.bindKey = bindKey;
+    lodash.castArray = castArray;
+    lodash.chain = chain;
+    lodash.chunk = chunk;
+    lodash.compact = compact;
+    lodash.concat = concat;
+    lodash.cond = cond;
+    lodash.conforms = conforms;
+    lodash.constant = constant;
+    lodash.countBy = countBy;
+    lodash.create = create;
+    lodash.curry = curry;
+    lodash.curryRight = curryRight;
+    lodash.debounce = debounce;
+    lodash.defaults = defaults;
+    lodash.defaultsDeep = defaultsDeep;
+    lodash.defer = defer;
+    lodash.delay = delay;
+    lodash.difference = difference;
+    lodash.differenceBy = differenceBy;
+    lodash.differenceWith = differenceWith;
+    lodash.drop = drop;
+    lodash.dropRight = dropRight;
+    lodash.dropRightWhile = dropRightWhile;
+    lodash.dropWhile = dropWhile;
+    lodash.fill = fill;
+    lodash.filter = filter;
+    lodash.flatMap = flatMap;
+    lodash.flatMapDeep = flatMapDeep;
+    lodash.flatMapDepth = flatMapDepth;
+    lodash.flatten = flatten;
+    lodash.flattenDeep = flattenDeep;
+    lodash.flattenDepth = flattenDepth;
+    lodash.flip = flip;
+    lodash.flow = flow;
+    lodash.flowRight = flowRight;
+    lodash.fromPairs = fromPairs;
+    lodash.functions = functions;
+    lodash.functionsIn = functionsIn;
+    lodash.groupBy = groupBy;
+    lodash.initial = initial;
+    lodash.intersection = intersection;
+    lodash.intersectionBy = intersectionBy;
+    lodash.intersectionWith = intersectionWith;
+    lodash.invert = invert;
+    lodash.invertBy = invertBy;
+    lodash.invokeMap = invokeMap;
+    lodash.iteratee = iteratee;
+    lodash.keyBy = keyBy;
+    lodash.keys = keys;
+    lodash.keysIn = keysIn;
+    lodash.map = map;
+    lodash.mapKeys = mapKeys;
+    lodash.mapValues = mapValues;
+    lodash.matches = matches;
+    lodash.matchesProperty = matchesProperty;
+    lodash.memoize = memoize;
+    lodash.merge = merge;
+    lodash.mergeWith = mergeWith;
+    lodash.method = method;
+    lodash.methodOf = methodOf;
+    lodash.mixin = mixin;
+    lodash.negate = negate;
+    lodash.nthArg = nthArg;
+    lodash.omit = omit;
+    lodash.omitBy = omitBy;
+    lodash.once = once;
+    lodash.orderBy = orderBy;
+    lodash.over = over;
+    lodash.overArgs = overArgs;
+    lodash.overEvery = overEvery;
+    lodash.overSome = overSome;
+    lodash.partial = partial;
+    lodash.partialRight = partialRight;
+    lodash.partition = partition;
+    lodash.pick = pick;
+    lodash.pickBy = pickBy;
+    lodash.property = property;
+    lodash.propertyOf = propertyOf;
+    lodash.pull = pull;
+    lodash.pullAll = pullAll;
+    lodash.pullAllBy = pullAllBy;
+    lodash.pullAllWith = pullAllWith;
+    lodash.pullAt = pullAt;
+    lodash.range = range;
+    lodash.rangeRight = rangeRight;
+    lodash.rearg = rearg;
+    lodash.reject = reject;
+    lodash.remove = remove;
+    lodash.rest = rest;
+    lodash.reverse = reverse;
+    lodash.sampleSize = sampleSize;
+    lodash.set = set;
+    lodash.setWith = setWith;
+    lodash.shuffle = shuffle;
+    lodash.slice = slice;
+    lodash.sortBy = sortBy;
+    lodash.sortedUniq = sortedUniq;
+    lodash.sortedUniqBy = sortedUniqBy;
+    lodash.split = split;
+    lodash.spread = spread;
+    lodash.tail = tail;
+    lodash.take = take;
+    lodash.takeRight = takeRight;
+    lodash.takeRightWhile = takeRightWhile;
+    lodash.takeWhile = takeWhile;
+    lodash.tap = tap;
+    lodash.throttle = throttle;
+    lodash.thru = thru;
+    lodash.toArray = toArray;
+    lodash.toPairs = toPairs;
+    lodash.toPairsIn = toPairsIn;
+    lodash.toPath = toPath;
+    lodash.toPlainObject = toPlainObject;
+    lodash.transform = transform;
+    lodash.unary = unary;
+    lodash.union = union;
+    lodash.unionBy = unionBy;
+    lodash.unionWith = unionWith;
+    lodash.uniq = uniq;
+    lodash.uniqBy = uniqBy;
+    lodash.uniqWith = uniqWith;
+    lodash.unset = unset;
+    lodash.unzip = unzip;
+    lodash.unzipWith = unzipWith;
+    lodash.update = update;
+    lodash.updateWith = updateWith;
+    lodash.values = values;
+    lodash.valuesIn = valuesIn;
+    lodash.without = without;
+    lodash.words = words;
+    lodash.wrap = wrap;
+    lodash.xor = xor;
+    lodash.xorBy = xorBy;
+    lodash.xorWith = xorWith;
+    lodash.zip = zip;
+    lodash.zipObject = zipObject;
+    lodash.zipObjectDeep = zipObjectDeep;
+    lodash.zipWith = zipWith;
+
+    // Add aliases.
+    lodash.entries = toPairs;
+    lodash.entriesIn = toPairsIn;
+    lodash.extend = assignIn;
+    lodash.extendWith = assignInWith;
+
+    // Add methods to `lodash.prototype`.
+    mixin(lodash, lodash);
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    // Add methods that return unwrapped values in chain sequences.
+    lodash.add = add;
+    lodash.attempt = attempt;
+    lodash.camelCase = camelCase;
+    lodash.capitalize = capitalize;
+    lodash.ceil = ceil;
+    lodash.clamp = clamp;
+    lodash.clone = clone;
+    lodash.cloneDeep = cloneDeep;
+    lodash.cloneDeepWith = cloneDeepWith;
+    lodash.cloneWith = cloneWith;
+    lodash.conformsTo = conformsTo;
+    lodash.deburr = deburr;
+    lodash.defaultTo = defaultTo;
+    lodash.divide = divide;
+    lodash.endsWith = endsWith;
+    lodash.eq = eq;
+    lodash.escape = escape;
+    lodash.escapeRegExp = escapeRegExp;
+    lodash.every = every;
+    lodash.find = find;
+    lodash.findIndex = findIndex;
+    lodash.findKey = findKey;
+    lodash.findLast = findLast;
+    lodash.findLastIndex = findLastIndex;
+    lodash.findLastKey = findLastKey;
+    lodash.floor = floor;
+    lodash.forEach = forEach;
+    lodash.forEachRight = forEachRight;
+    lodash.forIn = forIn;
+    lodash.forInRight = forInRight;
+    lodash.forOwn = forOwn;
+    lodash.forOwnRight = forOwnRight;
+    lodash.get = get;
+    lodash.gt = gt;
+    lodash.gte = gte;
+    lodash.has = has;
+    lodash.hasIn = hasIn;
+    lodash.head = head;
+    lodash.identity = identity;
+    lodash.includes = includes;
+    lodash.indexOf = indexOf;
+    lodash.inRange = inRange;
+    lodash.invoke = invoke;
+    lodash.isArguments = isArguments;
+    lodash.isArray = isArray;
+    lodash.isArrayBuffer = isArrayBuffer;
+    lodash.isArrayLike = isArrayLike;
+    lodash.isArrayLikeObject = isArrayLikeObject;
+    lodash.isBoolean = isBoolean;
+    lodash.isBuffer = isBuffer;
+    lodash.isDate = isDate;
+    lodash.isElement = isElement;
+    lodash.isEmpty = isEmpty;
+    lodash.isEqual = isEqual;
+    lodash.isEqualWith = isEqualWith;
+    lodash.isError = isError;
+    lodash.isFinite = isFinite;
+    lodash.isFunction = isFunction;
+    lodash.isInteger = isInteger;
+    lodash.isLength = isLength;
+    lodash.isMap = isMap;
+    lodash.isMatch = isMatch;
+    lodash.isMatchWith = isMatchWith;
+    lodash.isNaN = isNaN;
+    lodash.isNative = isNative;
+    lodash.isNil = isNil;
+    lodash.isNull = isNull;
+    lodash.isNumber = isNumber;
+    lodash.isObject = isObject;
+    lodash.isObjectLike = isObjectLike;
+    lodash.isPlainObject = isPlainObject;
+    lodash.isRegExp = isRegExp;
+    lodash.isSafeInteger = isSafeInteger;
+    lodash.isSet = isSet;
+    lodash.isString = isString;
+    lodash.isSymbol = isSymbol;
+    lodash.isTypedArray = isTypedArray;
+    lodash.isUndefined = isUndefined;
+    lodash.isWeakMap = isWeakMap;
+    lodash.isWeakSet = isWeakSet;
+    lodash.join = join;
+    lodash.kebabCase = kebabCase;
+    lodash.last = last;
+    lodash.lastIndexOf = lastIndexOf;
+    lodash.lowerCase = lowerCase;
+    lodash.lowerFirst = lowerFirst;
+    lodash.lt = lt;
+    lodash.lte = lte;
+    lodash.max = max;
+    lodash.maxBy = maxBy;
+    lodash.mean = mean;
+    lodash.meanBy = meanBy;
+    lodash.min = min;
+    lodash.minBy = minBy;
+    lodash.stubArray = stubArray;
+    lodash.stubFalse = stubFalse;
+    lodash.stubObject = stubObject;
+    lodash.stubString = stubString;
+    lodash.stubTrue = stubTrue;
+    lodash.multiply = multiply;
+    lodash.nth = nth;
+    lodash.noConflict = noConflict;
+    lodash.noop = noop;
+    lodash.now = now;
+    lodash.pad = pad;
+    lodash.padEnd = padEnd;
+    lodash.padStart = padStart;
+    lodash.parseInt = parseInt;
+    lodash.random = random;
+    lodash.reduce = reduce;
+    lodash.reduceRight = reduceRight;
+    lodash.repeat = repeat;
+    lodash.replace = replace;
+    lodash.result = result;
+    lodash.round = round;
+    lodash.runInContext = runInContext;
+    lodash.sample = sample;
+    lodash.size = size;
+    lodash.snakeCase = snakeCase;
+    lodash.some = some;
+    lodash.sortedIndex = sortedIndex;
+    lodash.sortedIndexBy = sortedIndexBy;
+    lodash.sortedIndexOf = sortedIndexOf;
+    lodash.sortedLastIndex = sortedLastIndex;
+    lodash.sortedLastIndexBy = sortedLastIndexBy;
+    lodash.sortedLastIndexOf = sortedLastIndexOf;
+    lodash.startCase = startCase;
+    lodash.startsWith = startsWith;
+    lodash.subtract = subtract;
+    lodash.sum = sum;
+    lodash.sumBy = sumBy;
+    lodash.template = template;
+    lodash.times = times;
+    lodash.toFinite = toFinite;
+    lodash.toInteger = toInteger;
+    lodash.toLength = toLength;
+    lodash.toLower = toLower;
+    lodash.toNumber = toNumber;
+    lodash.toSafeInteger = toSafeInteger;
+    lodash.toString = toString;
+    lodash.toUpper = toUpper;
+    lodash.trim = trim;
+    lodash.trimEnd = trimEnd;
+    lodash.trimStart = trimStart;
+    lodash.truncate = truncate;
+    lodash.unescape = unescape;
+    lodash.uniqueId = uniqueId;
+    lodash.upperCase = upperCase;
+    lodash.upperFirst = upperFirst;
+
+    // Add aliases.
+    lodash.each = forEach;
+    lodash.eachRight = forEachRight;
+    lodash.first = head;
+
+    mixin(lodash, (function() {
+      var source = {};
+      baseForOwn(lodash, function(func, methodName) {
+        if (!hasOwnProperty.call(lodash.prototype, methodName)) {
+          source[methodName] = func;
+        }
+      });
+      return source;
+    }()), { 'chain': false });
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * The semantic version number.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _
+     * @type {string}
+     */
+    lodash.VERSION = VERSION;
+
+    // Assign default placeholders.
+    arrayEach(['bind', 'bindKey', 'curry', 'curryRight', 'partial', 'partialRight'], function(methodName) {
+      lodash[methodName].placeholder = lodash;
+    });
+
+    // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.drop` and `_.take` variants.
+    arrayEach(['drop', 'take'], function(methodName, index) {
+      LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function(n) {
+        var filtered = this.__filtered__;
+        if (filtered && !index) {
+          return new LazyWrapper(this);
+        }
+        n = n === undefined ? 1 : nativeMax(toInteger(n), 0);
+
+        var result = this.clone();
+        if (filtered) {
+          result.__takeCount__ = nativeMin(n, result.__takeCount__);
+        } else {
+          result.__views__.push({
+            'size': nativeMin(n, MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH),
+            'type': methodName + (result.__dir__ < 0 ? 'Right' : '')
+          });
+        }
+        return result;
+      };
+
+      LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName + 'Right'] = function(n) {
+        return this.reverse()[methodName](n).reverse();
+      };
+    });
+
+    // Add `LazyWrapper` methods that accept an `iteratee` value.
+    arrayEach(['filter', 'map', 'takeWhile'], function(methodName, index) {
+      var type = index + 1,
+          isFilter = type == LAZY_FILTER_FLAG || type == LAZY_WHILE_FLAG;
+
+      LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function(iteratee) {
+        var result = this.clone();
+        result.__iteratees__.push({
+          'iteratee': getIteratee(iteratee, 3),
+          'type': type
+        });
+        result.__filtered__ = result.__filtered__ || isFilter;
+        return result;
+      };
+    });
+
+    // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.head` and `_.last`.
+    arrayEach(['head', 'last'], function(methodName, index) {
+      var takeName = 'take' + (index ? 'Right' : '');
+
+      LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function() {
+        return this[takeName](1).value()[0];
+      };
+    });
+
+    // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.initial` and `_.tail`.
+    arrayEach(['initial', 'tail'], function(methodName, index) {
+      var dropName = 'drop' + (index ? '' : 'Right');
+
+      LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function() {
+        return this.__filtered__ ? new LazyWrapper(this) : this[dropName](1);
+      };
+    });
+
+    LazyWrapper.prototype.compact = function() {
+      return this.filter(identity);
+    };
+
+    LazyWrapper.prototype.find = function(predicate) {
+      return this.filter(predicate).head();
+    };
+
+    LazyWrapper.prototype.findLast = function(predicate) {
+      return this.reverse().find(predicate);
+    };
+
+    LazyWrapper.prototype.invokeMap = baseRest(function(path, args) {
+      if (typeof path == 'function') {
+        return new LazyWrapper(this);
+      }
+      return this.map(function(value) {
+        return baseInvoke(value, path, args);
+      });
+    });
+
+    LazyWrapper.prototype.reject = function(predicate) {
+      return this.filter(negate(getIteratee(predicate)));
+    };
+
+    LazyWrapper.prototype.slice = function(start, end) {
+      start = toInteger(start);
+
+      var result = this;
+      if (result.__filtered__ && (start > 0 || end < 0)) {
+        return new LazyWrapper(result);
+      }
+      if (start < 0) {
+        result = result.takeRight(-start);
+      } else if (start) {
+        result = result.drop(start);
+      }
+      if (end !== undefined) {
+        end = toInteger(end);
+        result = end < 0 ? result.dropRight(-end) : result.take(end - start);
+      }
+      return result;
+    };
+
+    LazyWrapper.prototype.takeRightWhile = function(predicate) {
+      return this.reverse().takeWhile(predicate).reverse();
+    };
+
+    LazyWrapper.prototype.toArray = function() {
+      return this.take(MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH);
+    };
+
+    // Add `LazyWrapper` methods to `lodash.prototype`.
+    baseForOwn(LazyWrapper.prototype, function(func, methodName) {
+      var checkIteratee = /^(?:filter|find|map|reject)|While$/.test(methodName),
+          isTaker = /^(?:head|last)$/.test(methodName),
+          lodashFunc = lodash[isTaker ? ('take' + (methodName == 'last' ? 'Right' : '')) : methodName],
+          retUnwrapped = isTaker || /^find/.test(methodName);
+
+      if (!lodashFunc) {
+        return;
+      }
+      lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
+        var value = this.__wrapped__,
+            args = isTaker ? [1] : arguments,
+            isLazy = value instanceof LazyWrapper,
+            iteratee = args[0],
+            useLazy = isLazy || isArray(value);
+
+        var interceptor = function(value) {
+          var result = lodashFunc.apply(lodash, arrayPush([value], args));
+          return (isTaker && chainAll) ? result[0] : result;
+        };
+
+        if (useLazy && checkIteratee && typeof iteratee == 'function' && iteratee.length != 1) {
+          // Avoid lazy use if the iteratee has a "length" value other than `1`.
+          isLazy = useLazy = false;
+        }
+        var chainAll = this.__chain__,
+            isHybrid = !!this.__actions__.length,
+            isUnwrapped = retUnwrapped && !chainAll,
+            onlyLazy = isLazy && !isHybrid;
+
+        if (!retUnwrapped && useLazy) {
+          value = onlyLazy ? value : new LazyWrapper(this);
+          var result = func.apply(value, args);
+          result.__actions__.push({ 'func': thru, 'args': [interceptor], 'thisArg': undefined });
+          return new LodashWrapper(result, chainAll);
+        }
+        if (isUnwrapped && onlyLazy) {
+          return func.apply(this, args);
+        }
+        result = this.thru(interceptor);
+        return isUnwrapped ? (isTaker ? result.value()[0] : result.value()) : result;
+      };
+    });
+
+    // Add `Array` methods to `lodash.prototype`.
+    arrayEach(['pop', 'push', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(methodName) {
+      var func = arrayProto[methodName],
+          chainName = /^(?:push|sort|unshift)$/.test(methodName) ? 'tap' : 'thru',
+          retUnwrapped = /^(?:pop|shift)$/.test(methodName);
+
+      lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
+        var args = arguments;
+        if (retUnwrapped && !this.__chain__) {
+          var value = this.value();
+          return func.apply(isArray(value) ? value : [], args);
+        }
+        return this[chainName](function(value) {
+          return func.apply(isArray(value) ? value : [], args);
+        });
+      };
+    });
+
+    // Map minified method names to their real names.
+    baseForOwn(LazyWrapper.prototype, function(func, methodName) {
+      var lodashFunc = lodash[methodName];
+      if (lodashFunc) {
+        var key = (lodashFunc.name + ''),
+            names = realNames[key] || (realNames[key] = []);
+
+        names.push({ 'name': methodName, 'func': lodashFunc });
+      }
+    });
+
+    realNames[createHybrid(undefined, BIND_KEY_FLAG).name] = [{
+      'name': 'wrapper',
+      'func': undefined
+    }];
+
+    // Add methods to `LazyWrapper`.
+    LazyWrapper.prototype.clone = lazyClone;
+    LazyWrapper.prototype.reverse = lazyReverse;
+    LazyWrapper.prototype.value = lazyValue;
+
+    // Add chain sequence methods to the `lodash` wrapper.
+    lodash.prototype.at = wrapperAt;
+    lodash.prototype.chain = wrapperChain;
+    lodash.prototype.commit = wrapperCommit;
+    lodash.prototype.next = wrapperNext;
+    lodash.prototype.plant = wrapperPlant;
+    lodash.prototype.reverse = wrapperReverse;
+    lodash.prototype.toJSON = lodash.prototype.valueOf = lodash.prototype.value = wrapperValue;
+
+    // Add lazy aliases.
+    lodash.prototype.first = lodash.prototype.head;
+
+    if (iteratorSymbol) {
+      lodash.prototype[iteratorSymbol] = wrapperToIterator;
+    }
+    return lodash;
+  }
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  // Export lodash.
+  var _ = runInContext();
+
+  // Some AMD build optimizers, like r.js, check for condition patterns like:
+  if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
+    // Expose Lodash on the global object to prevent errors when Lodash is
+    // loaded by a script tag in the presence of an AMD loader.
+    // See http://requirejs.org/docs/errors.html#mismatch for more details.
+    // Use `_.noConflict` to remove Lodash from the global object.
+    root._ = _;
+
+    // Define as an anonymous module so, through path mapping, it can be
+    // referenced as the "underscore" module.
+    define(function() {
+      return _;
+    });
+  }
+  // Check for `exports` after `define` in case a build optimizer adds it.
+  else if (freeModule) {
+    // Export for Node.js.
+    (freeModule.exports = _)._ = _;
+    // Export for CommonJS support.
+    freeExports._ = _;
+  }
+  else {
+    // Export to the global object.
+    root._ = _;
+  }
+}.call(this));
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/js/lib/mori.js b/third_party/immer/extra/js/lib/mori.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..39954ef9fe16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/js/lib/mori.js
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+/*
+ * immer: immutable data structures for C++
+ * Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+ *
+ * This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+ * See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+ */
+
+(function(definition){if(typeof exports==="object"){module.exports=definition();}else if(typeof define==="function"&&define.amd){define(definition);}else{mori=definition();}})(function(){return function(){
+if(typeof Math.imul == "undefined" || (Math.imul(0xffffffff,5) == 0)) {
+    Math.imul = function (a, b) {
+        var ah  = (a >>> 16) & 0xffff;
+        var al = a & 0xffff;
+        var bh  = (b >>> 16) & 0xffff;
+        var bl = b & 0xffff;
+        // the shift by 0 fixes the sign on the high part
+        // the final |0 converts the unsigned value into a signed value
+        return ((al * bl) + (((ah * bl + al * bh) << 16) >>> 0)|0);
+    }
+}
+
+var k,aa=this;
+function n(a){var b=typeof a;if("object"==b)if(a){if(a instanceof Array)return"array";if(a instanceof Object)return b;var c=Object.prototype.toString.call(a);if("[object Window]"==c)return"object";if("[object Array]"==c||"number"==typeof a.length&&"undefined"!=typeof a.splice&&"undefined"!=typeof a.propertyIsEnumerable&&!a.propertyIsEnumerable("splice"))return"array";if("[object Function]"==c||"undefined"!=typeof a.call&&"undefined"!=typeof a.propertyIsEnumerable&&!a.propertyIsEnumerable("call"))return"function"}else return"null";else if("function"==
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+r("mori.partition",bf);r("mori.partition.f2",bf.a);r("mori.partition.f3",bf.c);r("mori.partition.f4",bf.n);r("mori.partitionAll",kh);r("mori.partitionAll.f1",kh.b);r("mori.partitionAll.f2",kh.a);r("mori.partitionAll.f3",kh.c);r("mori.partitionBy",th);r("mori.partitionBy.f1",th.b);r("mori.partitionBy.f2",th.a);r("mori.iterate",function Zh(b,c){return M(c,new V(null,function(){return Zh(b,b.b?b.b(c):b.call(null,c))},null,null))});r("mori.into",af);r("mori.into.f2",af.a);r("mori.into.f3",af.c);
+r("mori.merge",Wg);r("mori.mergeWith",Xg);r("mori.subvec",Cf);r("mori.subvec.f2",Cf.a);r("mori.subvec.f3",Cf.c);r("mori.takeWhile",lh);r("mori.takeWhile.f1",lh.b);r("mori.takeWhile.f2",lh.a);r("mori.dropWhile",Re);r("mori.dropWhile.f1",Re.b);r("mori.dropWhile.f2",Re.a);r("mori.groupBy",function(a,b){return ce(A.c(function(b,d){var e=a.b?a.b(d):a.call(null,d);return ee.c(b,e,Nc.a(S.c(b,e,Mc),d))},Ob(Uf),b))});r("mori.interpose",function(a,b){return Qe.a(1,Ue.a(Se.b(a),b))});r("mori.interleave",Ue);
+r("mori.interleave.f2",Ue.a);r("mori.interleave.fn",Ue.K);r("mori.concat",ae);r("mori.concat.f0",ae.l);r("mori.concat.f1",ae.b);r("mori.concat.f2",ae.a);r("mori.concat.fn",ae.K);function $e(a){return a instanceof Array||cd(a)}r("mori.flatten",function(a){return Xe.a(function(a){return!$e(a)},H(Ze(a)))});r("mori.lazySeq",function(a){return new V(null,a,null,null)});r("mori.keys",Tg);r("mori.selectKeys",Yg);r("mori.vals",Vg);r("mori.primSeq",Jc);r("mori.primSeq.f1",Jc.b);r("mori.primSeq.f2",Jc.a);
+r("mori.map",Oe);r("mori.map.f1",Oe.b);r("mori.map.f2",Oe.a);r("mori.map.f3",Oe.c);r("mori.map.f4",Oe.n);r("mori.map.fn",Oe.K);
+r("mori.mapIndexed",function(a,b){return function d(b,f){return new V(null,function(){var g=D(f);if(g){if(fd(g)){for(var h=Yb(g),l=Q(h),m=Td(l),p=0;;)if(p<l)Xd(m,function(){var d=b+p,f=C.a(h,p);return a.a?a.a(d,f):a.call(null,d,f)}()),p+=1;else break;return Wd(m.ca(),d(b+l,Zb(g)))}return M(function(){var d=G(g);return a.a?a.a(b,d):a.call(null,b,d)}(),d(b+1,H(g)))}return null},null,null)}(0,b)});r("mori.mapcat",We);r("mori.mapcat.f1",We.b);r("mori.mapcat.fn",We.K);r("mori.reduce",A);
+r("mori.reduce.f2",A.a);r("mori.reduce.f3",A.c);r("mori.reduceKV",function(a,b,c){return null!=c?xb(c,a,b):b});r("mori.keep",Le);r("mori.keep.f1",Le.b);r("mori.keep.f2",Le.a);r("mori.keepIndexed",Ne);r("mori.keepIndexed.f1",Ne.b);r("mori.keepIndexed.f2",Ne.a);r("mori.filter",Xe);r("mori.filter.f1",Xe.b);r("mori.filter.f2",Xe.a);r("mori.remove",Ye);r("mori.remove.f1",Ye.b);r("mori.remove.f2",Ye.a);r("mori.some",Fe);r("mori.every",Ee);r("mori.equals",sc);r("mori.equals.f1",sc.b);
+r("mori.equals.f2",sc.a);r("mori.equals.fn",sc.K);r("mori.range",qh);r("mori.range.f0",qh.l);r("mori.range.f1",qh.b);r("mori.range.f2",qh.a);r("mori.range.f3",qh.c);r("mori.repeat",Se);r("mori.repeat.f1",Se.b);r("mori.repeat.f2",Se.a);r("mori.repeatedly",Te);r("mori.repeatedly.f1",Te.b);r("mori.repeatedly.f2",Te.a);r("mori.sort",sd);r("mori.sort.f1",sd.b);r("mori.sort.f2",sd.a);r("mori.sortBy",td);r("mori.sortBy.f2",td.a);r("mori.sortBy.f3",td.c);r("mori.intoArray",Ia);r("mori.intoArray.f1",Ia.b);
+r("mori.intoArray.f2",Ia.a);r("mori.subseq",nh);r("mori.subseq.f3",nh.c);r("mori.subseq.f5",nh.r);r("mori.dedupe",Fh);r("mori.dedupe.f0",Fh.l);r("mori.dedupe.f1",Fh.b);r("mori.transduce",wd);r("mori.transduce.f3",wd.c);r("mori.transduce.f4",wd.n);r("mori.eduction",function(a,b){return new Gh(a,b)});r("mori.sequence",Ce);r("mori.sequence.f1",Ce.b);r("mori.sequence.f2",Ce.a);r("mori.sequence.fn",Ce.K);r("mori.completing",vd);r("mori.completing.f1",vd.b);r("mori.completing.f2",vd.a);r("mori.list",Kd);
+r("mori.vector",Af);r("mori.hashMap",Pg);r("mori.set",fh);r("mori.sortedSet",gh);r("mori.sortedSetBy",hh);r("mori.sortedMap",Qg);r("mori.sortedMapBy",Rg);r("mori.queue",function(){function a(a){var d=null;if(0<arguments.length){for(var d=0,e=Array(arguments.length-0);d<e.length;)e[d]=arguments[d+0],++d;d=new F(e,0)}return b.call(this,d)}function b(a){return af.a?af.a(Mf,a):af.call(null,Mf,a)}a.i=0;a.f=function(a){a=D(a);return b(a)};a.d=b;return a}());r("mori.keyword",Pd);r("mori.keyword.f1",Pd.b);
+r("mori.keyword.f2",Pd.a);r("mori.symbol",rc);r("mori.symbol.f1",rc.b);r("mori.symbol.f2",rc.a);r("mori.zipmap",function(a,b){for(var c=Ob(Uf),d=D(a),e=D(b);;)if(d&&e)c=ee.c(c,G(d),G(e)),d=K(d),e=K(e);else return Qb(c)});r("mori.isList",function(a){return a?a.j&33554432||a.wc?!0:a.j?!1:w(Eb,a):w(Eb,a)});r("mori.isSeq",kd);r("mori.isVector",ed);r("mori.isMap",dd);r("mori.isSet",ad);r("mori.isKeyword",function(a){return a instanceof U});r("mori.isSymbol",function(a){return a instanceof qc});
+r("mori.isCollection",$c);r("mori.isSequential",cd);r("mori.isAssociative",bd);r("mori.isCounted",Ec);r("mori.isIndexed",Fc);r("mori.isReduceable",function(a){return a?a.j&524288||a.Sb?!0:a.j?!1:w(vb,a):w(vb,a)});r("mori.isSeqable",ld);r("mori.isReversible",Id);r("mori.union",Rh);r("mori.union.f0",Rh.l);r("mori.union.f1",Rh.b);r("mori.union.f2",Rh.a);r("mori.union.fn",Rh.K);r("mori.intersection",Sh);r("mori.intersection.f1",Sh.b);r("mori.intersection.f2",Sh.a);r("mori.intersection.fn",Sh.K);
+r("mori.difference",Th);r("mori.difference.f1",Th.b);r("mori.difference.f2",Th.a);r("mori.difference.fn",Th.K);r("mori.join",Xh);r("mori.join.f2",Xh.a);r("mori.join.f3",Xh.c);r("mori.index",Vh);r("mori.project",function(a,b){return fh(Oe.a(function(a){return Yg(a,b)},a))});r("mori.mapInvert",Wh);r("mori.rename",function(a,b){return fh(Oe.a(function(a){return Uh(a,b)},a))});r("mori.renameKeys",Uh);r("mori.isSubset",function(a,b){return Q(a)<=Q(b)&&Ee(function(a){return nd(b,a)},a)});
+r("mori.isSuperset",function(a,b){return Q(a)>=Q(b)&&Ee(function(b){return nd(a,b)},b)});r("mori.notEquals",je);r("mori.notEquals.f1",je.b);r("mori.notEquals.f2",je.a);r("mori.notEquals.fn",je.K);r("mori.gt",Ad);r("mori.gt.f1",Ad.b);r("mori.gt.f2",Ad.a);r("mori.gt.fn",Ad.K);r("mori.gte",Bd);r("mori.gte.f1",Bd.b);r("mori.gte.f2",Bd.a);r("mori.gte.fn",Bd.K);r("mori.lt",yd);r("mori.lt.f1",yd.b);r("mori.lt.f2",yd.a);r("mori.lt.fn",yd.K);r("mori.lte",zd);r("mori.lte.f1",zd.b);r("mori.lte.f2",zd.a);
+r("mori.lte.fn",zd.K);r("mori.compare",od);r("mori.partial",Je);r("mori.partial.f1",Je.b);r("mori.partial.f2",Je.a);r("mori.partial.f3",Je.c);r("mori.partial.f4",Je.n);r("mori.partial.fn",Je.K);r("mori.comp",Ie);r("mori.comp.f0",Ie.l);r("mori.comp.f1",Ie.b);r("mori.comp.f2",Ie.a);r("mori.comp.f3",Ie.c);r("mori.comp.fn",Ie.K);
+r("mori.pipeline",function(){function a(a){var d=null;if(0<arguments.length){for(var d=0,e=Array(arguments.length-0);d<e.length;)e[d]=arguments[d+0],++d;d=new F(e,0)}return b.call(this,d)}function b(a){function b(a,c){return c.b?c.b(a):c.call(null,a)}return A.a?A.a(b,a):A.call(null,b,a)}a.i=0;a.f=function(a){a=D(a);return b(a)};a.d=b;return a}());
+r("mori.curry",function(){function a(a,d){var e=null;if(1<arguments.length){for(var e=0,f=Array(arguments.length-1);e<f.length;)f[e]=arguments[e+1],++e;e=new F(f,0)}return b.call(this,a,e)}function b(a,b){return function(e){return T.a(a,M.a?M.a(e,b):M.call(null,e,b))}}a.i=1;a.f=function(a){var d=G(a);a=H(a);return b(d,a)};a.d=b;return a}());
+r("mori.juxt",function(){function a(a){var d=null;if(0<arguments.length){for(var d=0,e=Array(arguments.length-0);d<e.length;)e[d]=arguments[d+0],++d;d=new F(e,0)}return b.call(this,d)}function b(a){return function(){function b(a){var c=null;if(0<arguments.length){for(var c=0,d=Array(arguments.length-0);c<d.length;)d[c]=arguments[c+0],++c;c=new F(d,0)}return e.call(this,c)}function e(b){var d=function(){function d(a){return T.a(a,b)}return Oe.a?Oe.a(d,a):Oe.call(null,d,a)}();return Ia.b?Ia.b(d):Ia.call(null,
+d)}b.i=0;b.f=function(a){a=D(a);return e(a)};b.d=e;return b}()}a.i=0;a.f=function(a){a=D(a);return b(a)};a.d=b;return a}());
+r("mori.knit",function(){function a(a){var d=null;if(0<arguments.length){for(var d=0,e=Array(arguments.length-0);d<e.length;)e[d]=arguments[d+0],++d;d=new F(e,0)}return b.call(this,d)}function b(a){return function(b){var e=function(){function e(a,b){return a.b?a.b(b):a.call(null,b)}return Oe.c?Oe.c(e,a,b):Oe.call(null,e,a,b)}();return Ia.b?Ia.b(e):Ia.call(null,e)}}a.i=0;a.f=function(a){a=D(a);return b(a)};a.d=b;return a}());r("mori.sum",xd);r("mori.sum.f0",xd.l);r("mori.sum.f1",xd.b);
+r("mori.sum.f2",xd.a);r("mori.sum.fn",xd.K);r("mori.inc",function(a){return a+1});r("mori.dec",function(a){return a-1});r("mori.isEven",Ge);r("mori.isOdd",function(a){return!Ge(a)});r("mori.each",function(a,b){for(var c=D(a),d=null,e=0,f=0;;)if(f<e){var g=d.Q(null,f);b.b?b.b(g):b.call(null,g);f+=1}else if(c=D(c))fd(c)?(e=Yb(c),c=Zb(c),d=e,e=Q(e)):(d=g=G(c),b.b?b.b(d):b.call(null,d),c=K(c),d=null,e=0),f=0;else return null});r("mori.identity",ud);
+r("mori.constantly",function(a){return function(){function b(b){if(0<arguments.length)for(var d=0,e=Array(arguments.length-0);d<e.length;)e[d]=arguments[d+0],++d;return a}b.i=0;b.f=function(b){D(b);return a};b.d=function(){return a};return b}()});r("mori.toJs",Kh);
+r("mori.toClj",function(){function a(a,b){return Ph.d(a,Kc([Oh,b],0))}function b(a){return Ph.b(a)}var c=null,c=function(c,e){switch(arguments.length){case 1:return b.call(this,c);case 2:return a.call(this,c,e)}throw Error("Invalid arity: "+arguments.length);};c.b=b;c.a=a;return c}());r("mori.configure",function(a,b){switch(a){case "print-length":return la=b;case "print-level":return ma=b;default:throw Error([z("No matching clause: "),z(a)].join(""));}});r("mori.meta",Vc);r("mori.withMeta",O);
+r("mori.varyMeta",ie);r("mori.varyMeta.f2",ie.a);r("mori.varyMeta.f3",ie.c);r("mori.varyMeta.f4",ie.n);r("mori.varyMeta.f5",ie.r);r("mori.varyMeta.f6",ie.P);r("mori.varyMeta.fn",ie.K);r("mori.alterMeta",Dh);r("mori.resetMeta",function(a,b){return a.k=b});V.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};F.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};Hc.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};wg.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};pg.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};
+qg.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};Fd.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};Ld.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};Hd.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};W.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};Vd.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};Bf.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};Df.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};Z.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};
+X.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};pa.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};rg.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};Lg.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};$g.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};ch.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};ph.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};U.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};qc.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};
+Lf.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};Kf.prototype.inspect=function(){return this.toString()};r("mori.mutable.thaw",function(a){return Ob(a)});r("mori.mutable.freeze",ce);r("mori.mutable.conj",de);r("mori.mutable.conj.f0",de.l);r("mori.mutable.conj.f1",de.b);r("mori.mutable.conj.f2",de.a);r("mori.mutable.conj.fn",de.K);r("mori.mutable.assoc",ee);r("mori.mutable.assoc.f3",ee.c);r("mori.mutable.assoc.fn",ee.K);r("mori.mutable.dissoc",fe);r("mori.mutable.dissoc.f2",fe.a);r("mori.mutable.dissoc.fn",fe.K);r("mori.mutable.pop",function(a){return Ub(a)});r("mori.mutable.disj",ge);
+r("mori.mutable.disj.f2",ge.a);r("mori.mutable.disj.fn",ge.K);;return this.mori;}.call({});});
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/js/lib/platform.js b/third_party/immer/extra/js/lib/platform.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a998e9953749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/js/lib/platform.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1135 @@
+/*!
+ * Platform.js v1.3.1 <http://mths.be/platform>
+ * Copyright 2014-2016 Benjamin Tan <https://d10.github.io/>
+ * Copyright 2011-2013 John-David Dalton <http://allyoucanleet.com/>
+ * Available under MIT license <http://mths.be/mit>
+ */
+;(function() {
+  'use strict';
+
+  /** Used to determine if values are of the language type `Object` */
+  var objectTypes = {
+    'function': true,
+    'object': true
+  };
+
+  /** Used as a reference to the global object */
+  var root = (objectTypes[typeof window] && window) || this;
+
+  /** Backup possible global object */
+  var oldRoot = root;
+
+  /** Detect free variable `exports` */
+  var freeExports = objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports;
+
+  /** Detect free variable `module` */
+  var freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType && module;
+
+  /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js or Browserified code and use it as `root` */
+  var freeGlobal = freeExports && freeModule && typeof global == 'object' && global;
+  if (freeGlobal && (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.self === freeGlobal)) {
+    root = freeGlobal;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used as the maximum length of an array-like object.
+   * See the [ES6 spec](http://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-tolength)
+   * for more details.
+   */
+  var maxSafeInteger = Math.pow(2, 53) - 1;
+
+  /** Opera regexp */
+  var reOpera = /\bOpera/;
+
+  /** Possible global object */
+  var thisBinding = this;
+
+  /** Used for native method references */
+  var objectProto = Object.prototype;
+
+  /** Used to check for own properties of an object */
+  var hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;
+
+  /** Used to resolve the internal `[[Class]]` of values */
+  var toString = objectProto.toString;
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Capitalizes a string value.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} string The string to capitalize.
+   * @returns {string} The capitalized string.
+   */
+  function capitalize(string) {
+    string = String(string);
+    return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A utility function to clean up the OS name.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} os The OS name to clean up.
+   * @param {string} [pattern] A `RegExp` pattern matching the OS name.
+   * @param {string} [label] A label for the OS.
+   */
+  function cleanupOS(os, pattern, label) {
+    // platform tokens defined at
+    // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537503(VS.85).aspx
+    // http://web.archive.org/web/20081122053950/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537503(VS.85).aspx
+    var data = {
+      '6.4':  '10',
+      '6.3':  '8.1',
+      '6.2':  '8',
+      '6.1':  'Server 2008 R2 / 7',
+      '6.0':  'Server 2008 / Vista',
+      '5.2':  'Server 2003 / XP 64-bit',
+      '5.1':  'XP',
+      '5.01': '2000 SP1',
+      '5.0':  '2000',
+      '4.0':  'NT',
+      '4.90': 'ME'
+    };
+    // detect Windows version from platform tokens
+    if (pattern && label && /^Win/i.test(os) &&
+        (data = data[0/*Opera 9.25 fix*/, /[\d.]+$/.exec(os)])) {
+      os = 'Windows ' + data;
+    }
+    // correct character case and cleanup
+    os = String(os);
+
+    if (pattern && label) {
+      os = os.replace(RegExp(pattern, 'i'), label);
+    }
+
+    os = format(
+      os.replace(/ ce$/i, ' CE')
+        .replace(/\bhpw/i, 'web')
+        .replace(/\bMacintosh\b/, 'Mac OS')
+        .replace(/_PowerPC\b/i, ' OS')
+        .replace(/\b(OS X) [^ \d]+/i, '$1')
+        .replace(/\bMac (OS X)\b/, '$1')
+        .replace(/\/(\d)/, ' $1')
+        .replace(/_/g, '.')
+        .replace(/(?: BePC|[ .]*fc[ \d.]+)$/i, '')
+        .replace(/\bx86\.64\b/gi, 'x86_64')
+        .replace(/\b(Windows Phone) OS\b/, '$1')
+        .split(' on ')[0]
+    );
+
+    return os;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * An iteration utility for arrays and objects.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array|Object} object The object to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
+   */
+  function each(object, callback) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = object ? object.length : 0;
+
+    if (typeof length == 'number' && length > -1 && length <= maxSafeInteger) {
+      while (++index < length) {
+        callback(object[index], index, object);
+      }
+    } else {
+      forOwn(object, callback);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Trim and conditionally capitalize string values.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} string The string to format.
+   * @returns {string} The formatted string.
+   */
+  function format(string) {
+    string = trim(string);
+    return /^(?:webOS|i(?:OS|P))/.test(string)
+      ? string
+      : capitalize(string);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Iterates over an object's own properties, executing the `callback` for each.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} callback The function executed per own property.
+   */
+  function forOwn(object, callback) {
+    for (var key in object) {
+      if (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)) {
+        callback(object[key], key, object);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the internal `[[Class]]` of a value.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {*} value The value.
+   * @returns {string} The `[[Class]]`.
+   */
+  function getClassOf(value) {
+    return value == null
+      ? capitalize(value)
+      : toString.call(value).slice(8, -1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Host objects can return type values that are different from their actual
+   * data type. The objects we are concerned with usually return non-primitive
+   * types of "object", "function", or "unknown".
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {*} object The owner of the property.
+   * @param {string} property The property to check.
+   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the property value is a non-primitive, else `false`.
+   */
+  function isHostType(object, property) {
+    var type = object != null ? typeof object[property] : 'number';
+    return !/^(?:boolean|number|string|undefined)$/.test(type) &&
+      (type == 'object' ? !!object[property] : true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Prepares a string for use in a `RegExp` by making hyphens and spaces optional.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} string The string to qualify.
+   * @returns {string} The qualified string.
+   */
+  function qualify(string) {
+    return String(string).replace(/([ -])(?!$)/g, '$1?');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A bare-bones `Array#reduce` like utility function.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
+   * @returns {*} The accumulated result.
+   */
+  function reduce(array, callback) {
+    var accumulator = null;
+    each(array, function(value, index) {
+      accumulator = callback(accumulator, value, index, array);
+    });
+    return accumulator;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Removes leading and trailing whitespace from a string.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {string} string The string to trim.
+   * @returns {string} The trimmed string.
+   */
+  function trim(string) {
+    return String(string).replace(/^ +| +$/g, '');
+  }
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new platform object.
+   *
+   * @memberOf platform
+   * @param {Object|string} [ua=navigator.userAgent] The user agent string or
+   *  context object.
+   * @returns {Object} A platform object.
+   */
+  function parse(ua) {
+
+    /** The environment context object */
+    var context = root;
+
+    /** Used to flag when a custom context is provided */
+    var isCustomContext = ua && typeof ua == 'object' && getClassOf(ua) != 'String';
+
+    // juggle arguments
+    if (isCustomContext) {
+      context = ua;
+      ua = null;
+    }
+
+    /** Browser navigator object */
+    var nav = context.navigator || {};
+
+    /** Browser user agent string */
+    var userAgent = nav.userAgent || '';
+
+    ua || (ua = userAgent);
+
+    /** Used to flag when `thisBinding` is the [ModuleScope] */
+    var isModuleScope = isCustomContext || thisBinding == oldRoot;
+
+    /** Used to detect if browser is like Chrome */
+    var likeChrome = isCustomContext
+      ? !!nav.likeChrome
+      : /\bChrome\b/.test(ua) && !/internal|\n/i.test(toString.toString());
+
+    /** Internal `[[Class]]` value shortcuts */
+    var objectClass = 'Object',
+        airRuntimeClass = isCustomContext ? objectClass : 'ScriptBridgingProxyObject',
+        enviroClass = isCustomContext ? objectClass : 'Environment',
+        javaClass = (isCustomContext && context.java) ? 'JavaPackage' : getClassOf(context.java),
+        phantomClass = isCustomContext ? objectClass : 'RuntimeObject';
+
+    /** Detect Java environment */
+    var java = /\bJava/.test(javaClass) && context.java;
+
+    /** Detect Rhino */
+    var rhino = java && getClassOf(context.environment) == enviroClass;
+
+    /** A character to represent alpha */
+    var alpha = java ? 'a' : '\u03b1';
+
+    /** A character to represent beta */
+    var beta = java ? 'b' : '\u03b2';
+
+    /** Browser document object */
+    var doc = context.document || {};
+
+    /**
+     * Detect Opera browser (Presto-based)
+     * http://www.howtocreate.co.uk/operaStuff/operaObject.html
+     * http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/opera-mini-web-content-authoring-guidelines/#operamini
+     */
+    var opera = context.operamini || context.opera;
+
+    /** Opera `[[Class]]` */
+    var operaClass = reOpera.test(operaClass = (isCustomContext && opera) ? opera['[[Class]]'] : getClassOf(opera))
+      ? operaClass
+      : (opera = null);
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /** Temporary variable used over the script's lifetime */
+    var data;
+
+    /** The CPU architecture */
+    var arch = ua;
+
+    /** Platform description array */
+    var description = [];
+
+    /** Platform alpha/beta indicator */
+    var prerelease = null;
+
+    /** A flag to indicate that environment features should be used to resolve the platform */
+    var useFeatures = ua == userAgent;
+
+    /** The browser/environment version */
+    var version = useFeatures && opera && typeof opera.version == 'function' && opera.version();
+
+    /** A flag to indicate if the OS ends with "/ Version" */
+    var isSpecialCasedOS;
+
+    /* Detectable layout engines (order is important) */
+    var layout = getLayout([
+      'Trident',
+      { 'label': 'WebKit', 'pattern': 'AppleWebKit' },
+      'iCab',
+      'Presto',
+      'NetFront',
+      'Tasman',
+      'KHTML',
+      'Gecko'
+    ]);
+
+    /* Detectable browser names (order is important) */
+    var name = getName([
+      'Adobe AIR',
+      'Arora',
+      'Avant Browser',
+      'Breach',
+      'Camino',
+      'Epiphany',
+      'Fennec',
+      'Flock',
+      'Galeon',
+      'GreenBrowser',
+      'iCab',
+      'Iceweasel',
+      { 'label': 'SRWare Iron', 'pattern': 'Iron' },
+      'K-Meleon',
+      'Konqueror',
+      'Lunascape',
+      'Maxthon',
+      'Midori',
+      'Nook Browser',
+      'PhantomJS',
+      'Raven',
+      'Rekonq',
+      'RockMelt',
+      'SeaMonkey',
+      { 'label': 'Silk', 'pattern': '(?:Cloud9|Silk-Accelerated)' },
+      'Sleipnir',
+      'SlimBrowser',
+      'Sunrise',
+      'Swiftfox',
+      'WebPositive',
+      'Opera Mini',
+      { 'label': 'Opera Mini', 'pattern': 'OPiOS' },
+      'Opera',
+      { 'label': 'Opera', 'pattern': 'OPR' },
+      'Chrome',
+      { 'label': 'Chrome Mobile', 'pattern': '(?:CriOS|CrMo)' },
+      { 'label': 'Firefox', 'pattern': '(?:Firefox|Minefield)' },
+      { 'label': 'IE', 'pattern': 'IEMobile' },
+      { 'label': 'IE', 'pattern': 'MSIE' },
+      'Safari'
+    ]);
+
+    /* Detectable products (order is important) */
+    var product = getProduct([
+      { 'label': 'BlackBerry', 'pattern': 'BB10' },
+      'BlackBerry',
+      { 'label': 'Galaxy S', 'pattern': 'GT-I9000' },
+      { 'label': 'Galaxy S2', 'pattern': 'GT-I9100' },
+      { 'label': 'Galaxy S3', 'pattern': 'GT-I9300' },
+      { 'label': 'Galaxy S4', 'pattern': 'GT-I9500' },
+      'Google TV',
+      'Lumia',
+      'iPad',
+      'iPod',
+      'iPhone',
+      'Kindle',
+      { 'label': 'Kindle Fire', 'pattern': '(?:Cloud9|Silk-Accelerated)' },
+      'Nook',
+      'PlayBook',
+      'PlayStation 4',
+      'PlayStation 3',
+      'PlayStation Vita',
+      'TouchPad',
+      'Transformer',
+      { 'label': 'Wii U', 'pattern': 'WiiU' },
+      'Wii',
+      'Xbox One',
+      { 'label': 'Xbox 360', 'pattern': 'Xbox' },
+      'Xoom'
+    ]);
+
+    /* Detectable manufacturers */
+    var manufacturer = getManufacturer({
+      'Apple': { 'iPad': 1, 'iPhone': 1, 'iPod': 1 },
+      'Amazon': { 'Kindle': 1, 'Kindle Fire': 1 },
+      'Asus': { 'Transformer': 1 },
+      'Barnes & Noble': { 'Nook': 1 },
+      'BlackBerry': { 'PlayBook': 1 },
+      'Google': { 'Google TV': 1 },
+      'HP': { 'TouchPad': 1 },
+      'HTC': {},
+      'LG': {},
+      'Microsoft': { 'Xbox': 1, 'Xbox One': 1 },
+      'Motorola': { 'Xoom': 1 },
+      'Nintendo': { 'Wii U': 1,  'Wii': 1 },
+      'Nokia': { 'Lumia': 1 },
+      'Samsung': { 'Galaxy S': 1, 'Galaxy S2': 1, 'Galaxy S3': 1, 'Galaxy S4': 1 },
+      'Sony': { 'PlayStation 4': 1, 'PlayStation 3': 1, 'PlayStation Vita': 1 }
+    });
+
+    /* Detectable OSes (order is important) */
+    var os = getOS([
+      'Windows Phone ',
+      'Android',
+      'CentOS',
+      'Debian',
+      'Fedora',
+      'FreeBSD',
+      'Gentoo',
+      'Haiku',
+      'Kubuntu',
+      'Linux Mint',
+      'Red Hat',
+      'SuSE',
+      'Ubuntu',
+      'Xubuntu',
+      'Cygwin',
+      'Symbian OS',
+      'hpwOS',
+      'webOS ',
+      'webOS',
+      'Tablet OS',
+      'Linux',
+      'Mac OS X',
+      'Macintosh',
+      'Mac',
+      'Windows 98;',
+      'Windows '
+    ]);
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Picks the layout engine from an array of guesses.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} guesses An array of guesses.
+     * @returns {null|string} The detected layout engine.
+     */
+    function getLayout(guesses) {
+      return reduce(guesses, function(result, guess) {
+        return result || RegExp('\\b' + (
+          guess.pattern || qualify(guess)
+        ) + '\\b', 'i').exec(ua) && (guess.label || guess);
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Picks the manufacturer from an array of guesses.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} guesses An object of guesses.
+     * @returns {null|string} The detected manufacturer.
+     */
+    function getManufacturer(guesses) {
+      return reduce(guesses, function(result, value, key) {
+        // lookup the manufacturer by product or scan the UA for the manufacturer
+        return result || (
+          value[product] ||
+          value[0/*Opera 9.25 fix*/, /^[a-z]+(?: +[a-z]+\b)*/i.exec(product)] ||
+          RegExp('\\b' + qualify(key) + '(?:\\b|\\w*\\d)', 'i').exec(ua)
+        ) && key;
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Picks the browser name from an array of guesses.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} guesses An array of guesses.
+     * @returns {null|string} The detected browser name.
+     */
+    function getName(guesses) {
+      return reduce(guesses, function(result, guess) {
+        return result || RegExp('\\b' + (
+          guess.pattern || qualify(guess)
+        ) + '\\b', 'i').exec(ua) && (guess.label || guess);
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Picks the OS name from an array of guesses.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} guesses An array of guesses.
+     * @returns {null|string} The detected OS name.
+     */
+    function getOS(guesses) {
+      return reduce(guesses, function(result, guess) {
+        var pattern = guess.pattern || qualify(guess);
+        if (!result && (result =
+              RegExp('\\b' + pattern + '(?:/[\\d.]+|[ \\w.]*)', 'i').exec(ua)
+            )) {
+          result = cleanupOS(result, pattern, guess.label || guess);
+        }
+        return result;
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Picks the product name from an array of guesses.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} guesses An array of guesses.
+     * @returns {null|string} The detected product name.
+     */
+    function getProduct(guesses) {
+      return reduce(guesses, function(result, guess) {
+        var pattern = guess.pattern || qualify(guess);
+        if (!result && (result =
+              RegExp('\\b' + pattern + ' *\\d+[.\\w_]*', 'i').exec(ua) ||
+              RegExp('\\b' + pattern + '(?:; *(?:[a-z]+[_-])?[a-z]+\\d+|[^ ();-]*)', 'i').exec(ua)
+            )) {
+          // split by forward slash and append product version if needed
+          if ((result = String((guess.label && !RegExp(pattern, 'i').test(guess.label)) ? guess.label : result).split('/'))[1] && !/[\d.]+/.test(result[0])) {
+            result[0] += ' ' + result[1];
+          }
+          // correct character case and cleanup
+          guess = guess.label || guess;
+          result = format(result[0]
+            .replace(RegExp(pattern, 'i'), guess)
+            .replace(RegExp('; *(?:' + guess + '[_-])?', 'i'), ' ')
+            .replace(RegExp('(' + guess + ')[-_.]?(\\w)', 'i'), '$1 $2'));
+        }
+        return result;
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolves the version using an array of UA patterns.
+     *
+     * @private
+     * @param {Array} patterns An array of UA patterns.
+     * @returns {null|string} The detected version.
+     */
+    function getVersion(patterns) {
+      return reduce(patterns, function(result, pattern) {
+        return result || (RegExp(pattern +
+          '(?:-[\\d.]+/|(?: for [\\w-]+)?[ /-])([\\d.]+[^ ();/_-]*)', 'i').exec(ua) || 0)[1] || null;
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns `platform.description` when the platform object is coerced to a string.
+     *
+     * @name toString
+     * @memberOf platform
+     * @returns {string} Returns `platform.description` if available, else an empty string.
+     */
+    function toStringPlatform() {
+      return this.description || '';
+    }
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    // convert layout to an array so we can add extra details
+    layout && (layout = [layout]);
+
+    // detect product names that contain their manufacturer's name
+    if (manufacturer && !product) {
+      product = getProduct([manufacturer]);
+    }
+    // clean up Google TV
+    if ((data = /\bGoogle TV\b/.exec(product))) {
+      product = data[0];
+    }
+    // detect simulators
+    if (/\bSimulator\b/i.test(ua)) {
+      product = (product ? product + ' ' : '') + 'Simulator';
+    }
+    // detect Opera Mini 8+ running in Turbo/Uncompressed mode on iOS
+    if (name == 'Opera Mini' && /\bOPiOS\b/.test(ua)) {
+      description.push('running in Turbo/Uncompressed mode');
+    }
+    // detect iOS
+    if (/^iP/.test(product)) {
+      name || (name = 'Safari');
+      os = 'iOS' + ((data = / OS ([\d_]+)/i.exec(ua))
+        ? ' ' + data[1].replace(/_/g, '.')
+        : '');
+    }
+    // detect Kubuntu
+    else if (name == 'Konqueror' && !/buntu/i.test(os)) {
+      os = 'Kubuntu';
+    }
+    // detect Android browsers
+    else if (manufacturer && manufacturer != 'Google' &&
+        ((/Chrome/.test(name) && !/\bMobile Safari\b/i.test(ua)) || /\bVita\b/.test(product))) {
+      name = 'Android Browser';
+      os = /\bAndroid\b/.test(os) ? os : 'Android';
+    }
+    // detect false positives for Firefox/Safari
+    else if (!name || (data = !/\bMinefield\b|\(Android;/i.test(ua) && /\b(?:Firefox|Safari)\b/.exec(name))) {
+      // escape the `/` for Firefox 1
+      if (name && !product && /[\/,]|^[^(]+?\)/.test(ua.slice(ua.indexOf(data + '/') + 8))) {
+        // clear name of false positives
+        name = null;
+      }
+      // reassign a generic name
+      if ((data = product || manufacturer || os) &&
+          (product || manufacturer || /\b(?:Android|Symbian OS|Tablet OS|webOS)\b/.test(os))) {
+        name = /[a-z]+(?: Hat)?/i.exec(/\bAndroid\b/.test(os) ? os : data) + ' Browser';
+      }
+    }
+    // detect Firefox OS
+    if ((data = /\((Mobile|Tablet).*?Firefox\b/i.exec(ua)) && data[1]) {
+      os = 'Firefox OS';
+      if (!product) {
+        product = data[1];
+      }
+    }
+    // detect non-Opera versions (order is important)
+    if (!version) {
+      version = getVersion([
+        '(?:Cloud9|CriOS|CrMo|IEMobile|Iron|Opera ?Mini|OPiOS|OPR|Raven|Silk(?!/[\\d.]+$))',
+        'Version',
+        qualify(name),
+        '(?:Firefox|Minefield|NetFront)'
+      ]);
+    }
+    // detect stubborn layout engines
+    if (layout == 'iCab' && parseFloat(version) > 3) {
+      layout = ['WebKit'];
+    } else if (
+        layout != 'Trident' &&
+        (data =
+          /\bOpera\b/.test(name) && (/\bOPR\b/.test(ua) ? 'Blink' : 'Presto') ||
+          /\b(?:Midori|Nook|Safari)\b/i.test(ua) && 'WebKit' ||
+          !layout && /\bMSIE\b/i.test(ua) && (os == 'Mac OS' ? 'Tasman' : 'Trident')
+        )
+    ) {
+      layout = [data];
+    }
+    // detect NetFront on PlayStation
+    else if (/\bPlayStation\b(?! Vita\b)/i.test(name) && layout == 'WebKit') {
+      layout = ['NetFront'];
+    }
+    // detect Windows Phone 7 desktop mode
+    if (name == 'IE' && (data = (/; *(?:XBLWP|ZuneWP)(\d+)/i.exec(ua) || 0)[1])) {
+      name += ' Mobile';
+      os = 'Windows Phone ' + (/\+$/.test(data) ? data : data + '.x');
+      description.unshift('desktop mode');
+    }
+    // detect Windows Phone 8+ desktop mode
+    else if (/\bWPDesktop\b/i.test(ua)) {
+      name = 'IE Mobile';
+      os = 'Windows Phone 8+';
+      description.unshift('desktop mode');
+      version || (version = (/\brv:([\d.]+)/.exec(ua) || 0)[1]);
+    }
+    // detect IE 11 and above
+    else if (name != 'IE' && layout == 'Trident' && (data = /\brv:([\d.]+)/.exec(ua))) {
+      if (!/\bWPDesktop\b/i.test(ua)) {
+        if (name) {
+          description.push('identifying as ' + name + (version ? ' ' + version : ''));
+        }
+        name = 'IE';
+      }
+      version = data[1];
+    }
+    // detect Microsoft Edge
+    else if ((name == 'Chrome' || name != 'IE') && (data = /\bEdge\/([\d.]+)/.exec(ua))) {
+      name = 'Microsoft Edge';
+      version = data[1];
+      layout = ['Trident'];
+    }
+    // leverage environment features
+    if (useFeatures) {
+      // detect server-side environments
+      // Rhino has a global function while others have a global object
+      if (isHostType(context, 'global')) {
+        if (java) {
+          data = java.lang.System;
+          arch = data.getProperty('os.arch');
+          os = os || data.getProperty('os.name') + ' ' + data.getProperty('os.version');
+        }
+        if (isModuleScope && isHostType(context, 'system') && (data = [context.system])[0]) {
+          os || (os = data[0].os || null);
+          try {
+            data[1] = context.require('ringo/engine').version;
+            version = data[1].join('.');
+            name = 'RingoJS';
+          } catch(e) {
+            if (data[0].global.system == context.system) {
+              name = 'Narwhal';
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        else if (typeof context.process == 'object' && (data = context.process)) {
+          name = 'Node.js';
+          arch = data.arch;
+          os = data.platform;
+          version = /[\d.]+/.exec(data.version)[0];
+        }
+        else if (rhino) {
+          name = 'Rhino';
+        }
+      }
+      // detect Adobe AIR
+      else if (getClassOf((data = context.runtime)) == airRuntimeClass) {
+        name = 'Adobe AIR';
+        os = data.flash.system.Capabilities.os;
+      }
+      // detect PhantomJS
+      else if (getClassOf((data = context.phantom)) == phantomClass) {
+        name = 'PhantomJS';
+        version = (data = data.version || null) && (data.major + '.' + data.minor + '.' + data.patch);
+      }
+      // detect IE compatibility modes
+      else if (typeof doc.documentMode == 'number' && (data = /\bTrident\/(\d+)/i.exec(ua))) {
+        // we're in compatibility mode when the Trident version + 4 doesn't
+        // equal the document mode
+        version = [version, doc.documentMode];
+        if ((data = +data[1] + 4) != version[1]) {
+          description.push('IE ' + version[1] + ' mode');
+          layout && (layout[1] = '');
+          version[1] = data;
+        }
+        version = name == 'IE' ? String(version[1].toFixed(1)) : version[0];
+      }
+      os = os && format(os);
+    }
+    // detect prerelease phases
+    if (version && (data =
+          /(?:[ab]|dp|pre|[ab]\d+pre)(?:\d+\+?)?$/i.exec(version) ||
+          /(?:alpha|beta)(?: ?\d)?/i.exec(ua + ';' + (useFeatures && nav.appMinorVersion)) ||
+          /\bMinefield\b/i.test(ua) && 'a'
+        )) {
+      prerelease = /b/i.test(data) ? 'beta' : 'alpha';
+      version = version.replace(RegExp(data + '\\+?$'), '') +
+        (prerelease == 'beta' ? beta : alpha) + (/\d+\+?/.exec(data) || '');
+    }
+    // detect Firefox Mobile
+    if (name == 'Fennec' || name == 'Firefox' && /\b(?:Android|Firefox OS)\b/.test(os)) {
+      name = 'Firefox Mobile';
+    }
+    // obscure Maxthon's unreliable version
+    else if (name == 'Maxthon' && version) {
+      version = version.replace(/\.[\d.]+/, '.x');
+    }
+    // detect Silk desktop/accelerated modes
+    else if (name == 'Silk') {
+      if (!/\bMobi/i.test(ua)) {
+        os = 'Android';
+        description.unshift('desktop mode');
+      }
+      if (/Accelerated *= *true/i.test(ua)) {
+        description.unshift('accelerated');
+      }
+    }
+    // detect Xbox 360 and Xbox One
+    else if (/\bXbox\b/i.test(product)) {
+      os = null;
+      if (product == 'Xbox 360' && /\bIEMobile\b/.test(ua)) {
+        description.unshift('mobile mode');
+      }
+    }
+    // add mobile postfix
+    else if ((/^(?:Chrome|IE|Opera)$/.test(name) || name && !product && !/Browser|Mobi/.test(name)) &&
+        (os == 'Windows CE' || /Mobi/i.test(ua))) {
+      name += ' Mobile';
+    }
+    // detect IE platform preview
+    else if (name == 'IE' && useFeatures && context.external === null) {
+      description.unshift('platform preview');
+    }
+    // detect BlackBerry OS version
+    // http://docs.blackberry.com/en/developers/deliverables/18169/HTTP_headers_sent_by_BB_Browser_1234911_11.jsp
+    else if ((/\bBlackBerry\b/.test(product) || /\bBB10\b/.test(ua)) && (data =
+          (RegExp(product.replace(/ +/g, ' *') + '/([.\\d]+)', 'i').exec(ua) || 0)[1] ||
+          version
+        )) {
+      data = [data, /BB10/.test(ua)];
+      os = (data[1] ? (product = null, manufacturer = 'BlackBerry') : 'Device Software') + ' ' + data[0];
+      version = null;
+    }
+    // detect Opera identifying/masking itself as another browser
+    // http://www.opera.com/support/kb/view/843/
+    else if (this != forOwn && (
+          product != 'Wii' && (
+            (useFeatures && opera) ||
+            (/Opera/.test(name) && /\b(?:MSIE|Firefox)\b/i.test(ua)) ||
+            (name == 'Firefox' && /\bOS X (?:\d+\.){2,}/.test(os)) ||
+            (name == 'IE' && (
+              (os && !/^Win/.test(os) && version > 5.5) ||
+              /\bWindows XP\b/.test(os) && version > 8 ||
+              version == 8 && !/\bTrident\b/.test(ua)
+            ))
+          )
+        ) && !reOpera.test((data = parse.call(forOwn, ua.replace(reOpera, '') + ';'))) && data.name) {
+
+      // when "indentifying", the UA contains both Opera and the other browser's name
+      data = 'ing as ' + data.name + ((data = data.version) ? ' ' + data : '');
+      if (reOpera.test(name)) {
+        if (/\bIE\b/.test(data) && os == 'Mac OS') {
+          os = null;
+        }
+        data = 'identify' + data;
+      }
+      // when "masking", the UA contains only the other browser's name
+      else {
+        data = 'mask' + data;
+        if (operaClass) {
+          name = format(operaClass.replace(/([a-z])([A-Z])/g, '$1 $2'));
+        } else {
+          name = 'Opera';
+        }
+        if (/\bIE\b/.test(data)) {
+          os = null;
+        }
+        if (!useFeatures) {
+          version = null;
+        }
+      }
+      layout = ['Presto'];
+      description.push(data);
+    }
+    // detect WebKit Nightly and approximate Chrome/Safari versions
+    if ((data = (/\bAppleWebKit\/([\d.]+\+?)/i.exec(ua) || 0)[1])) {
+      // correct build for numeric comparison
+      // (e.g. "532.5" becomes "532.05")
+      data = [parseFloat(data.replace(/\.(\d)$/, '.0$1')), data];
+      // nightly builds are postfixed with a `+`
+      if (name == 'Safari' && data[1].slice(-1) == '+') {
+        name = 'WebKit Nightly';
+        prerelease = 'alpha';
+        version = data[1].slice(0, -1);
+      }
+      // clear incorrect browser versions
+      else if (version == data[1] ||
+          version == (data[2] = (/\bSafari\/([\d.]+\+?)/i.exec(ua) || 0)[1])) {
+        version = null;
+      }
+      // use the full Chrome version when available
+      data[1] = (/\bChrome\/([\d.]+)/i.exec(ua) || 0)[1];
+      // detect Blink layout engine
+      if (data[0] == 537.36 && data[2] == 537.36 && parseFloat(data[1]) >= 28 && name != 'IE' && name != 'Microsoft Edge') {
+        layout = ['Blink'];
+      }
+      // detect JavaScriptCore
+      // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6768474/how-can-i-detect-which-javascript-engine-v8-or-jsc-is-used-at-runtime-in-androi
+      if (!useFeatures || (!likeChrome && !data[1])) {
+        layout && (layout[1] = 'like Safari');
+        data = (data = data[0], data < 400 ? 1 : data < 500 ? 2 : data < 526 ? 3 : data < 533 ? 4 : data < 534 ? '4+' : data < 535 ? 5 : data < 537 ? 6 : data < 538 ? 7 : data < 601 ? 8 : '8');
+      } else {
+        layout && (layout[1] = 'like Chrome');
+        data = data[1] || (data = data[0], data < 530 ? 1 : data < 532 ? 2 : data < 532.05 ? 3 : data < 533 ? 4 : data < 534.03 ? 5 : data < 534.07 ? 6 : data < 534.10 ? 7 : data < 534.13 ? 8 : data < 534.16 ? 9 : data < 534.24 ? 10 : data < 534.30 ? 11 : data < 535.01 ? 12 : data < 535.02 ? '13+' : data < 535.07 ? 15 : data < 535.11 ? 16 : data < 535.19 ? 17 : data < 536.05 ? 18 : data < 536.10 ? 19 : data < 537.01 ? 20 : data < 537.11 ? '21+' : data < 537.13 ? 23 : data < 537.18 ? 24 : data < 537.24 ? 25 : data < 537.36 ? 26 : layout != 'Blink' ? '27' : '28');
+      }
+      // add the postfix of ".x" or "+" for approximate versions
+      layout && (layout[1] += ' ' + (data += typeof data == 'number' ? '.x' : /[.+]/.test(data) ? '' : '+'));
+      // obscure version for some Safari 1-2 releases
+      if (name == 'Safari' && (!version || parseInt(version) > 45)) {
+        version = data;
+      }
+    }
+    // detect Opera desktop modes
+    if (name == 'Opera' &&  (data = /\bzbov|zvav$/.exec(os))) {
+      name += ' ';
+      description.unshift('desktop mode');
+      if (data == 'zvav') {
+        name += 'Mini';
+        version = null;
+      } else {
+        name += 'Mobile';
+      }
+      os = os.replace(RegExp(' *' + data + '$'), '');
+    }
+    // detect Chrome desktop mode
+    else if (name == 'Safari' && /\bChrome\b/.exec(layout && layout[1])) {
+      description.unshift('desktop mode');
+      name = 'Chrome Mobile';
+      version = null;
+
+      if (/\bOS X\b/.test(os)) {
+        manufacturer = 'Apple';
+        os = 'iOS 4.3+';
+      } else {
+        os = null;
+      }
+    }
+    // strip incorrect OS versions
+    if (version && version.indexOf((data = /[\d.]+$/.exec(os))) == 0 &&
+        ua.indexOf('/' + data + '-') > -1) {
+      os = trim(os.replace(data, ''));
+    }
+    // add layout engine
+    if (layout && !/\b(?:Avant|Nook)\b/.test(name) && (
+        /Browser|Lunascape|Maxthon/.test(name) ||
+        /^(?:Adobe|Arora|Breach|Midori|Opera|Phantom|Rekonq|Rock|Sleipnir|Web)/.test(name) && layout[1])) {
+      // don't add layout details to description if they are falsey
+      (data = layout[layout.length - 1]) && description.push(data);
+    }
+    // combine contextual information
+    if (description.length) {
+      description = ['(' + description.join('; ') + ')'];
+    }
+    // append manufacturer
+    if (manufacturer && product && product.indexOf(manufacturer) < 0) {
+      description.push('on ' + manufacturer);
+    }
+    // append product
+    if (product) {
+      description.push((/^on /.test(description[description.length -1]) ? '' : 'on ') + product);
+    }
+    // parse OS into an object
+    if (os) {
+      data = / ([\d.+]+)$/.exec(os);
+      isSpecialCasedOS = data && os.charAt(os.length - data[0].length - 1) == '/';
+      os = {
+        'architecture': 32,
+        'family': (data && !isSpecialCasedOS) ? os.replace(data[0], '') : os,
+        'version': data ? data[1] : null,
+        'toString': function() {
+          var version = this.version;
+          return this.family + ((version && !isSpecialCasedOS) ? ' ' + version : '') + (this.architecture == 64 ? ' 64-bit' : '');
+        }
+      };
+    }
+    // add browser/OS architecture
+    if ((data = /\b(?:AMD|IA|Win|WOW|x86_|x)64\b/i.exec(arch)) && !/\bi686\b/i.test(arch)) {
+      if (os) {
+        os.architecture = 64;
+        os.family = os.family.replace(RegExp(' *' + data), '');
+      }
+      if (
+          name && (/\bWOW64\b/i.test(ua) ||
+          (useFeatures && /\w(?:86|32)$/.test(nav.cpuClass || nav.platform) && !/\bWin64; x64\b/i.test(ua)))
+      ) {
+        description.unshift('32-bit');
+      }
+    }
+
+    ua || (ua = null);
+
+    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * The platform object.
+     *
+     * @name platform
+     * @type Object
+     */
+    var platform = {};
+
+    /**
+     * The platform description.
+     *
+     * @memberOf platform
+     * @type string|null
+     */
+    platform.description = ua;
+
+    /**
+     * The name of the browser's layout engine.
+     *
+     * @memberOf platform
+     * @type string|null
+     */
+    platform.layout = layout && layout[0];
+
+    /**
+     * The name of the product's manufacturer.
+     *
+     * @memberOf platform
+     * @type string|null
+     */
+    platform.manufacturer = manufacturer;
+
+    /**
+     * The name of the browser/environment.
+     *
+     * @memberOf platform
+     * @type string|null
+     */
+    platform.name = name;
+
+    /**
+     * The alpha/beta release indicator.
+     *
+     * @memberOf platform
+     * @type string|null
+     */
+    platform.prerelease = prerelease;
+
+    /**
+     * The name of the product hosting the browser.
+     *
+     * @memberOf platform
+     * @type string|null
+     */
+    platform.product = product;
+
+    /**
+     * The browser's user agent string.
+     *
+     * @memberOf platform
+     * @type string|null
+     */
+    platform.ua = ua;
+
+    /**
+     * The browser/environment version.
+     *
+     * @memberOf platform
+     * @type string|null
+     */
+    platform.version = name && version;
+
+    /**
+     * The name of the operating system.
+     *
+     * @memberOf platform
+     * @type Object
+     */
+    platform.os = os || {
+
+      /**
+       * The CPU architecture the OS is built for.
+       *
+       * @memberOf platform.os
+       * @type number|null
+       */
+      'architecture': null,
+
+      /**
+       * The family of the OS.
+       *
+       * Common values include:
+       * "Windows", "Windows Server 2008 R2 / 7", "Windows Server 2008 / Vista",
+       * "Windows XP", "OS X", "Ubuntu", "Debian", "Fedora", "Red Hat", "SuSE",
+       * "Android", "iOS" and "Windows Phone"
+       *
+       * @memberOf platform.os
+       * @type string|null
+       */
+      'family': null,
+
+      /**
+       * The version of the OS.
+       *
+       * @memberOf platform.os
+       * @type string|null
+       */
+      'version': null,
+
+      /**
+       * Returns the OS string.
+       *
+       * @memberOf platform.os
+       * @returns {string} The OS string.
+       */
+      'toString': function() { return 'null'; }
+    };
+
+    platform.parse = parse;
+    platform.toString = toStringPlatform;
+
+    if (platform.version) {
+      description.unshift(version);
+    }
+    if (platform.name) {
+      description.unshift(name);
+    }
+    if (os && name && !(os == String(os).split(' ')[0] && (os == name.split(' ')[0] || product))) {
+      description.push(product ? '(' + os + ')' : 'on ' + os);
+    }
+    if (description.length) {
+      platform.description = description.join(' ');
+    }
+    return platform;
+  }
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  // export platform
+  // some AMD build optimizers, like r.js, check for condition patterns like the following:
+  if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
+    // define as an anonymous module so, through path mapping, it can be aliased
+    define(function() {
+      return parse();
+    });
+  }
+  // check for `exports` after `define` in case a build optimizer adds an `exports` object
+  else if (freeExports && freeModule) {
+    // in Narwhal, Node.js, Rhino -require, or RingoJS
+    forOwn(parse(), function(value, key) {
+      freeExports[key] = value;
+    });
+  }
+  // in a browser or Rhino
+  else {
+    root.platform = parse();
+  }
+}.call(this));
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/js/makefile b/third_party/immer/extra/js/makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fc6075bfe8fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/js/makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+BOOST=.
+EMCXX=em++
+EMCXXFLAGS=-O3 -std=c++14 --bind \
+	-I ../.. \
+	-I $(BOOST)
+WASM_BACKEND=0
+
+ALL= \
+	out/immer.asmjs.js \
+	out/immer.asmjs.html \
+	out/immer.wasm.js \
+	out/immer.wasm.html
+
+all: $(ALL)
+
+out/immer.asmjs.js: immer.cpp
+	@mkdir -p $(@D)
+	$(EMCXX) $(EMCXXFLAGS) $< -o $@
+
+out/immer.wasm.js: immer.cpp
+	@mkdir -p $(@D)
+	EMCC_WASM_BACKEND=$(WASM_BACKEND) $(EMCXX) -s WASM=1 $(EMCXXFLAGS) $< -o $@
+
+%.html: %.js index.tpl.html
+	sed s/%IMMER_JS%/`basename $<`/ < index.tpl.html > $@
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(ALL)
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/python/CMakeLists.txt b/third_party/immer/extra/python/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..11d5fff209ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/python/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+
+option(USE_PYBIND "bind with pybind1" off)
+option(USE_BOOST_PYTHON  "bind with boost::python" off)
+
+if (USE_PYBIND)
+  set(PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD -std=c++14)
+  find_package(Boost 1.56 REQUIRED)
+  add_subdirectory(lib/pybind11)
+  pybind11_add_module(immer_python_module src/immer-pybind.cpp)
+  target_link_libraries(immer_python_module PUBLIC
+    immer)
+
+elseif(USE_BOOST_PYTHON)
+  find_package(PythonInterp)
+  find_package(PythonLibs)
+  find_package(Boost 1.56 COMPONENTS python)
+  python_add_module(immer_python_module src/immer-boost.cpp)
+  include_directories(immer_python_module PUBLIC
+    ${immer_include_dir}
+    ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+  target_link_libraries(immer_python_module PUBLIC
+    immer
+    ${Boost_LIBRARIES}
+    ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})
+
+else()
+  find_package(PythonInterp)
+  find_package(PythonLibs)
+
+  if (NOT PYTHONLIBS_FOUND)
+    message(STATUS "Disabling Python modules")
+    return()
+  endif()
+
+  python_add_module(immer_python_module EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
+    src/immer-raw.cpp)
+  target_include_directories(immer_python_module PUBLIC
+    ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+  target_link_libraries(immer_python_module PUBLIC
+    immer
+    ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})
+
+endif()
+
+add_custom_target(python DEPENDS immer_python_module)
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/python/README.rst b/third_party/immer/extra/python/README.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7447e99e6281
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/python/README.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+
+Python bindings
+===============
+
+This library includes experimental bindings bring efficient immutable
+vectors for the Python language.  They were developed as part of the
+research for the `ICFP'17 paper`_.  The interface is quite
+**incomplete**, yet you can already do some things like:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../extra/python/example.py
+   :language: python
+   :start-after: intro/start
+   :end-before:  intro/end
+..
+
+    **Do you want to help** making these bindings complete and production
+    ready?  Drop a line at `immer@sinusoid.al
+    <mailto:immer@sinusoid.al>`_ or `open an issue on Github
+    <https://github.com/arximboldi/immer>`_
+
+Installation
+------------
+::
+
+    pip install --user git+https://github.com/arximboldi/immer.git
+
+Benchmarks
+----------
+
+The library includes a set of benchmarks that compare it to
+`pyrsistent <https://github.com/tobgu/pyrsistent>`_.  You can see the
+results in the `ICFP'17 paper`_.  If you want to run them yourself,
+you need to install some dependencies::
+
+     pip install --user pytest-benchmark pyrsistent
+
+Then you need to clone the `project repository
+<https://github.com/arximboldi/immer>`_ and from its root, run::
+
+     pytest extra/python/benchmark
+
+.. _ICFP'17 paper: https://public.sinusoid.es/misc/immer/immer-icfp17.pdf
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/python/benchmark/test_benchmarks.py b/third_party/immer/extra/python/benchmark/test_benchmarks.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..11e4817c3256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/python/benchmark/test_benchmarks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+
+# immer: immutable data structures for C++
+# Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+#
+# This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+# See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+##
+
+import immer
+import pyrsistent
+
+BENCHMARK_SIZE = 1000
+
+def push(v, n=BENCHMARK_SIZE):
+    for x in xrange(n):
+        v = v.append(x)
+    return v
+
+def assoc(v):
+    for i in xrange(len(v)):
+        v = v.set(i, i+1)
+    return v
+
+def index(v):
+    for i in xrange(len(v)):
+        v[i]
+
+def test_push_immer(benchmark):
+    benchmark(push, immer.Vector())
+
+def test_push_pyrsistent(benchmark):
+    benchmark(push, pyrsistent.pvector())
+
+def test_assoc_immer(benchmark):
+    benchmark(assoc, push(immer.Vector()))
+
+def test_assoc_pyrsistent(benchmark):
+    benchmark(assoc, push(pyrsistent.pvector()))
+
+def test_index_immer(benchmark):
+    benchmark(index, push(immer.Vector()))
+
+def test_index_pyrsistent(benchmark):
+    benchmark(index, push(pyrsistent.pvector()))
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/python/example.py b/third_party/immer/extra/python/example.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..36f7333c4f0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/python/example.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python##
+
+# immer: immutable data structures for C++
+# Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+#
+# This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+# See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+
+# include:intro/start
+import immer
+
+v0 = immer.Vector().append(13).append(42)
+assert v0[0] == 13
+assert v0[1] == 42
+assert len(v0) == 2
+
+v1 = v0.set(0, 12)
+assert v0.tolist() == [13, 42]
+assert v1.tolist() == [12, 42]
+# include:intro/end
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/python/immer/__init__.py b/third_party/immer/extra/python/immer/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e4702b40e4a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/python/immer/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+
+from immer_python_module import *
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/python/lib/pybind11 b/third_party/immer/extra/python/lib/pybind11
new file mode 160000
+Subproject 1eaacd19f6de9a053570c21de6d173efc2304bc
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/python/src/immer-boost.cpp b/third_party/immer/extra/python/src/immer-boost.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0ea42354b6b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/python/src/immer-boost.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include <boost/python.hpp>
+#include <boost/python/suite/indexing/vector_indexing_suite.hpp>
+
+#include <immer/vector.hpp>
+#include <immer/refcount/unsafe_refcount_policy.hpp>
+
+namespace {
+
+struct heap_t
+{
+    template <typename ...Tags>
+    static void* allocate(std::size_t size, Tags...)
+    {
+        return PyMem_Malloc(size);
+    }
+
+    template <typename ...Tags>
+    static void deallocate(std::size_t, void* obj, Tags...)
+    {
+        PyMem_Free(obj);
+    }
+};
+
+using memory_t = immer::memory_policy<
+    immer::unsafe_free_list_heap_policy<heap_t>,
+    immer::unsafe_refcount_policy>;
+
+template <typename Vector>
+struct immer_vector_indexing_suite : boost::python::vector_indexing_suite<
+    Vector, true, immer_vector_indexing_suite<Vector>>
+{
+    using value_t = typename Vector::value_type;
+    using index_t = typename Vector::size_type;
+    using object_t = boost::python::object;
+
+    static void forbidden() { throw std::runtime_error{"immutable!"}; }
+    static void todo() { throw std::runtime_error{"TODO!"}; }
+
+    static const value_t& get_item(const Vector& v, index_t i) { return v[i]; }
+    static object_t get_slice(const Vector&, index_t, index_t) { todo(); }
+
+    static void set_item(const Vector&, index_t, const value_t&) { forbidden(); }
+    static void delete_item(const Vector&, index_t) { forbidden(); }
+    static void set_slice(const Vector&, index_t, index_t, const value_t&) { forbidden(); }
+    static void delete_slice(const Vector&, index_t, index_t) { forbidden(); }
+    template <typename Iter>
+    static void set_slice(const Vector&, index_t, index_t, Iter, Iter) { forbidden(); }
+    template <class Iter>
+    static void extend(const Vector& container, Iter, Iter) { forbidden(); }
+};
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(immer_python_module)
+{
+    using namespace boost::python;
+
+    using vector_t = immer::vector<object, memory_t>;
+
+    class_<vector_t>("Vector")
+        .def(immer_vector_indexing_suite<vector_t>())
+        .def("append",
+             +[] (const vector_t& v, object x) {
+                 return v.push_back(std::move(x));
+              })
+        .def("set",
+             +[] (const vector_t& v, std::size_t i, object x) {
+                 return v.set(i, std::move(x));
+              })
+        ;
+}
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/python/src/immer-pybind.cpp b/third_party/immer/extra/python/src/immer-pybind.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8f8aab1231f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/python/src/immer-pybind.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
+
+#include <immer/vector.hpp>
+#include <immer/refcount/unsafe_refcount_policy.hpp>
+
+namespace {
+
+struct heap_t
+{
+    template <typename ...Tags>
+    static void* allocate(std::size_t size, Tags...)
+    {
+        return PyMem_Malloc(size);
+    }
+
+    template <typename ...Tags>
+    static void deallocate(std::size_t, void* obj, Tags...)
+    {
+        PyMem_Free(obj);
+    }
+};
+
+using memory_t = immer::memory_policy<
+    immer::unsafe_free_list_heap_policy<heap_t>,
+    immer::unsafe_refcount_policy>;
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+namespace py = pybind11;
+
+PYBIND11_PLUGIN(immer_python_module)
+{
+    py::module m("immer", R"pbdoc(
+        Immer
+        -----
+        .. currentmodule:: immer
+        .. autosummary::
+           :toctree: _generate
+           Vector
+    )pbdoc");
+
+    using vector_t = immer::vector<py::object, memory_t>;
+
+    py::class_<vector_t>(m, "Vector")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def("__len__", &vector_t::size)
+        .def("__getitem__",
+             [] (const vector_t& v, std::size_t i) {
+                 if (i > v.size())
+                     throw py::index_error{"Index out of range"};
+                 return v[i];
+             })
+        .def("append",
+             [] (const vector_t& v, py::object x) {
+                 return v.push_back(std::move(x));
+             })
+        .def("set",
+             [] (const vector_t& v, std::size_t i, py::object x) {
+                 return v.set(i, std::move(x));
+             });
+
+#ifdef VERSION_INFO
+    m.attr("__version__") = py::str(VERSION_INFO);
+#else
+    m.attr("__version__") = py::str("dev");
+#endif
+
+    return m.ptr();
+}
diff --git a/third_party/immer/extra/python/src/immer-raw.cpp b/third_party/immer/extra/python/src/immer-raw.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..283f973c8d0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/immer/extra/python/src/immer-raw.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+//
+// immer: immutable data structures for C++
+// Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente
+//
+// This software is distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+extern "C" {
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <structmember.h>
+}
+
+#include <immer/vector.hpp>
+#include <immer/algorithm.hpp>
+#include <immer/refcount/unsafe_refcount_policy.hpp>
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace {
+
+struct heap_t
+{
+    template <typename ...Tags>
+    static void* allocate(std::size_t size, Tags...)
+    {
+        return PyMem_Malloc(size);
+    }
+
+    template <typename ...Tags>
+    static void deallocate(std::size_t, void* obj, Tags...)
+    {
+        PyMem_Free(obj);
+    }
+};
+
+struct object_t
+{
+    struct wrap_t {};
+    struct adopt_t {};
+
+    PyObject* ptr_ = nullptr;
+
+    object_t() = delete;
+    ~object_t() { Py_XDECREF(ptr_); }
+
+    explicit object_t(PyObject* p, wrap_t)  : ptr_{p} {}
+    explicit object_t(PyObject* p, adopt_t) : ptr_{p}
+    {
+        assert(p);
+        Py_INCREF(p);
+    }
+
+    static object_t wrap(PyObject* p)  { return object_t{p, wrap_t{}}; }
+    static object_t adopt(PyObject* p) { return object_t{p, adopt_t{}}; }
+
+    object_t(const object_t& o) : ptr_(o.ptr_) { Py_INCREF(ptr_); }
+    object_t(object_t&& o) { std::swap(ptr_, o.ptr_); }
+
+    object_t& operator=(const object_t& o)
+    {
+        Py_XINCREF(o.ptr_);
+        Py_XDECREF(ptr_);
+        ptr_ = o.ptr_;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    object_t& operator=(object_t&& o)
+    {
+        std::swap(ptr_, o.ptr_);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    PyObject* release()
+    {
+        auto p = ptr_;
+        ptr_ = nullptr;
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    PyObject* get() const { return ptr_; }
+};
+
+using memory_t = immer::memory_policy<
+    immer::unsafe_free_list_heap_policy<heap_t>,
+    immer::unsafe_refcount_policy>;
+
+using vector_impl_t = immer::vector<object_t, memory_t>;
+
+struct vector_t
+{
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    vector_impl_t impl;
+    PyObject*     in_weakreflist;
+
+    static PyTypeObject type;
+};
+
+vector_t* empty_vector = nullptr;
+
+vector_t* make_vector()
+{
+    auto* v = PyObject_GC_New(vector_t, &vector_t::type);
+    new (&v->impl) vector_impl_t{};
+    v->in_weakreflist = nullptr;
+    PyObject_GC_Track((PyObject*)v);
+    return v;
+}
+
+vector_t* make_vector(vector_impl_t&& impl)
+{
+    auto v = PyObject_GC_New(vector_t, &vector_t::type);
+    new (&v->impl) vector_impl_t{std::move(impl)};
+    v->in_weakreflist = nullptr;
+    PyObject_GC_Track((PyObject*)v);
+    return v;
+}
+
+auto todo()
+{
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "immer: todo!");
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+void vector_dealloc(vector_t* self)
+{
+    if (self->in_weakreflist != nullptr)
+        PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject*)self);
+
+    PyObject_GC_UnTrack((PyObject*)self);
+    Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(self);
+
+    self->impl.~vector_impl_t();
+
+    PyObject_GC_Del(self);
+    Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END(self);
+}
+
+PyObject* vector_to_list(vector_t* self)
+{
+    auto list = PyList_New(self->impl.size());
+    auto idx  = 0;
+    immer::for_each(self->impl, [&] (auto&& obj) {
+            auto o = obj.get();
+            Py_INCREF(o);
+            PyList_SET_ITEM(list, idx, o);
+            ++idx;
+        });
+    return list;
+}
+
+PyObject* vector_repr(vector_t *self)
+{
+    auto list = vector_to_list(self);
+    auto list_repr = PyObject_Repr(list);
+    Py_DECREF(list);
+
+    if (!list_repr) return nullptr;
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    auto s = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%s%U%s", "immer.vector(", list_repr, ")");
+    Py_DECREF(list_repr);
+#else
+    auto s = PyString_FromString("immer.vector(");
+    PyString_ConcatAndDel(&s, list_repr);
+    PyString_ConcatAndDel(&s, PyString_FromString(")"));
+#endif
+    return s;
+}
+
+Py_ssize_t vector_len(vector_t* self)
+{
+    return self->impl.size();
+}
+
+PyObject* vector_extend(vector_t* self, PyObject* iterable)
+{
+    return todo();
+}
+
+vector_t* vector_append(vector_t* self, PyObject *obj)
+{
+    assert(obj != nullptr);
+    return make_vector(self->impl.push_back(object_t::adopt(obj)));
+}
+
+vector_t* vector_set(vector_t* self, PyObject* args)
+{
+    PyObject* obj = nullptr;
+    Py_ssize_t pos;
+    // the n parses for size, the O parses for a Python object
+    if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "nO", &pos, &obj)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (pos < 0)
+        pos += self->impl.size();
+    if (pos < 0 || pos > (Py_ssize_t)self->impl.size()) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_IndexError, "Index out of range: %zi", pos);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return make_vector(self->impl.set(pos, object_t::adopt(obj)));
+}
+
+PyObject* vector_new(PyTypeObject* subtype, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    Py_INCREF(empty_vector);
+    return (PyObject*)empty_vector;
+}
+
+long vector_hash(vector_t* self)
+{
+    todo();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+PyObject* vector_get_item(vector_t* self, Py_ssize_t pos)
+{
+    if (pos < 0)
+        pos += self->impl.size();
+    if (pos < 0 || pos >= (Py_ssize_t)self->impl.size()) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_IndexError, "Index out of range: %zi", pos);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    auto r = self->impl[pos];
+    return r.release();
+}
+
+PyObject* vector_subscript(vector_t* self, PyObject* item)
+{
+    if (PyIndex_Check(item)) {
+        auto i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
+        if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
+            return nullptr;
+        return vector_get_item(self, i);
+    } else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
+        return todo();
+    } else {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "vector indices must be integers, not %.200s",
+                     Py_TYPE(item)->tp_name);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+PyObject* vector_repeat(vector_t* self, Py_ssize_t n)
+{
+    return todo();
+}
+
+int vector_traverse(vector_t* self, visitproc visit, void* arg)
+{
+    auto result = 0;
+    immer::all_of(self->impl, [&] (auto&& o) {
+            return 0 == (result = [&] {
+                Py_VISIT(o.get());
+                return 0;
+            }());
+        });
+    return result;
+}
+
+PyObject* vector_richcompare(PyObject* v, PyObject* w, int op)
+{
+    return todo();
+}
+
+PyObject* vector_iter(PyObject* self)
+{
+    return todo();
+}
+
+PyMethodDef vector_methods[] =
+{
+    {"append",      (PyCFunction)vector_append, METH_O, "Appends an element"},
+    {"set",         (PyCFunction)vector_set, METH_VARARGS, "Inserts an element at the specified position"},
+    {"extend",      (PyCFunction)vector_extend, METH_O|METH_COEXIST, "Extend"},
+    {"tolist",      (PyCFunction)vector_to_list, METH_NOARGS, "Convert to list"},
+    {0}
+};
+
+PyMemberDef vector_members[] =
+{
+    {0}  /* sentinel */
+};
+
+PySequenceMethods vector_sequence_methods =
+{
+    (lenfunc)vector_len,             /* sq_length */
+    (binaryfunc)vector_extend,       /* sq_concat */
+    (ssizeargfunc)vector_repeat,     /* sq_repeat */
+    (ssizeargfunc)vector_get_item,   /* sq_item */
+    0,                               /* sq_slice */
+    0,                               /* sq_ass_item */
+    0,                               /* sq_ass_slice */
+    0,                               /* sq_contains */
+    0,                               /* sq_inplace_concat */
+    0,                               /* sq_inplace_repeat */
+};
+
+PyMappingMethods vector_mapping_methods =
+{
+    (lenfunc)vector_len,
+    (binaryfunc)vector_subscript,
+    0
+};
+
+PyTypeObject vector_t::type =
+{
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
+    "immer.Vector",                             /* tp_name        */
+    sizeof(vector_t),                           /* tp_basicsize   */
+    0,		                                /* tp_itemsize    */
+    (destructor)vector_dealloc,                 /* tp_dealloc     */
+    0,                                          /* tp_print       */
+    0,                                          /* tp_getattr     */
+    0,                                          /* tp_setattr     */
+    0,                                          /* tp_compare     */
+    (reprfunc)vector_repr,                      /* tp_repr        */
+    0,                                          /* tp_as_number   */
+    &vector_sequence_methods,                   /* tp_as_sequence */
+    &vector_mapping_methods,                    /* tp_as_mapping  */
+    (hashfunc)vector_hash,                      /* tp_hash        */
+    0,                                          /* tp_call        */
+    0,                                          /* tp_str         */
+    0,                                          /* tp_getattro    */
+    0,                                          /* tp_setattro    */
+    0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer   */
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,    /* tp_flags       */
+    "",                                         /* tp_doc         */
+    (traverseproc)vector_traverse,              /* tp_traverse       */
+    0,                                          /* tp_clear          */
+    vector_richcompare,                         /* tp_richcompare    */
+    offsetof(vector_t, in_weakreflist),         /* tp_weaklistoffset */
+    vector_iter,                                /* tp_iter           */
+    0,                                          /* tp_iternext       */
+    vector_methods,                             /* tp_methods        */
+    vector_members,                             /* tp_members        */
+    0,                                          /* tp_getset         */
+    0,                                          /* tp_base           */
+    0,                                          /* tp_dict           */
+    0,                                          /* tp_descr_get      */
+    0,                                          /* tp_descr_set      */
+    0,                                          /* tp_dictoffset     */
+    0,                                          /* tp_init           */
+    0,                                          /* tp_alloc */
+    vector_new,                                 /* tp_new   */
+};
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+struct PyModuleDef module_def =
+{
+    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+    "immer_python_module", /* m_name */
+    "",                  /* m_doc */
+    -1,                  /* m_size */
+    /module_methods,     /* m_methods */
+    0,                   /* m_reload */
+    0,                   /* m_traverse */
+    0,                   /* m_clear */
+    0,                   /* m_free */
+};
+#endif
+
+PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
+    {0, 0, 0, 0}
+};
+
+PyObject* module_init()
+{
+    if (PyType_Ready(&vector_t::type) < 0)
+        return nullptr;
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    auto m = PyModule_Create(&module_def);
+#else
+    auto m = Py_InitModule3("immer_python_module", module_methods, "");
+#endif
+    if (!m)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    if (!empty_vector)
+        empty_vector = make_vector();
+
+    Py_INCREF(&vector_t::type);
+    PyModule_AddObject(m, "Vector", (PyObject*) &vector_t::type);
+    return m;
+}
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+extern "C" {
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_immer_python_module()
+{
+    return module_init();
+}
+#else
+PyMODINIT_FUNC initimmer_python_module()
+{
+    module_init();
+}
+#endif
+}