merge(third_party/git): Merge squashed git subtree at v2.23.0 r/373

Merge commit '1b593e1ea4d2af0f6444d9a7788d5d99abd6fde5' as 'third_party/git'

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+Git v1.7.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Updates since v1.7.3
+--------------------
+
+ * The documentation Makefile now assumes by default asciidoc 8 and
+   docbook-xsl >= 1.73. If you have older versions, you can set
+   ASCIIDOC7 and ASCIIDOC_ROFF, respectively.
+
+ * The option parsers of various commands that create new branches (or
+   rename existing ones to a new name) were too loose and users were
+   allowed to give a branch a name that begins with a dash by creative
+   abuse of their command line options, which only led to burning
+   themselves.  The name of a branch cannot begin with a dash now.
+
+ * System-wide fallback default attributes can be stored in
+   /etc/gitattributes; the core.attributesfile configuration variable can
+   be used to customize the path to this file.
+
+ * The thread structure generated by "git send-email" has changed
+   slightly.  Setting the cover letter of the latest series as a reply
+   to the cover letter of the previous series with --in-reply-to used
+   to make the new cover letter and all the patches replies to the
+   cover letter of the previous series; this has been changed to make
+   the patches in the new series replies to the new cover letter.
+
+ * The Bash completion script in contrib/ has been adjusted to be usable with
+   Bash 4 (options with '=value' didn't complete).  It has been also made
+   usable with zsh.
+
+ * Different pagers can be chosen depending on which subcommand is
+   being run under the pager, using the "pager.<subcommand>" variable.
+
+ * The hardcoded tab-width of 8 that is used in whitespace breakage checks is now
+   configurable via the attributes mechanism.
+
+ * Support of case insensitive filesystems (i.e. "core.ignorecase") has
+   been improved.  For example, the gitignore mechanism didn't pay attention
+   to case insensitivity.
+
+ * The <tree>:<path> syntax for naming a blob in a tree, and the :<path>
+   syntax for naming a blob in the index (e.g. "master:Makefile",
+   ":hello.c") have been extended.  You can start <path> with "./" to
+   implicitly have the (sub)directory you are in prefixed to the
+   lookup.  Similarly, ":../Makefile" from a subdirectory would mean
+   "the Makefile of the parent directory in the index".
+
+ * "git blame" learned the --show-email option to display the e-mail
+   addresses instead of the names of authors.
+
+ * "git commit" learned the --fixup and --squash options to help later invocation
+   of interactive rebase.
+
+ * Command line options to "git cvsimport" whose names are in capital
+   letters (-A, -M, -R and -S) can now be specified as the default in
+   the .git/config file by their longer names (cvsimport.authorsFile,
+   cvsimport.mergeRegex, cvsimport.trackRevisions, cvsimport.ignorePaths).
+
+ * "git daemon" can be built in the MinGW environment.
+
+ * "git daemon" can take more than one --listen option to listen to
+   multiple addresses.
+
+ * "git describe --exact-match" was optimized not to read commit
+   objects unnecessarily.
+
+ * "git diff" and "git grep" learned what functions and subroutines
+   in Fortran, Pascal and Perl look like.
+
+ * "git fetch" learned the "--recurse-submodules" option.
+
+ * "git mergetool" tells vim/gvim to show a three-way diff by default
+   (use vimdiff2/gvimdiff2 as the tool name for old behavior).
+
+ * "git log -G<pattern>" limits the output to commits whose change has
+   added or deleted lines that match the given pattern.
+
+ * "git read-tree" with no argument as a way to empty the index is
+   deprecated; we might want to remove it in the future.  Users can
+   use the new --empty option to be more explicit instead.
+
+ * "git repack -f" does not spend cycles to recompress objects in the
+   non-delta representation anymore (use -F if you really mean it
+   e.g. after you changed the core.compression variable setting).
+
+ * "git merge --log" used to limit the resulting merge log to 20
+   entries; this is now customizable by giving e.g. "--log=47".
+
+ * "git merge" may work better when all files were moved out of a
+   directory in one branch while a new file is created in place of that
+   directory in the other branch.
+
+ * "git merge" learned the "--abort" option, synonymous to
+   "git reset --merge" when a merge is in progress.
+
+ * "git notes" learned the "merge" subcommand to merge notes refs.
+   In addition to the default manual conflict resolution, there are
+   also several notes merge strategies for automatically resolving
+   notes merge conflicts.
+
+ * "git rebase --autosquash" can use SHA-1 object names to name the
+   commit which is to be fixed up (e.g. "fixup! e83c5163").
+
+ * The default "recursive" merge strategy learned the --rename-threshold
+   option to influence the rename detection, similar to the -M option
+   of "git diff".  From the "git merge" frontend, the "-X<strategy option>"
+   interface, e.g. "git merge -Xrename-threshold=50% ...", can be used
+   to trigger this.
+
+ * The "recursive" strategy also learned to ignore various whitespace
+   changes; the most notable is -Xignore-space-at-eol.
+
+ * "git send-email" learned "--to-cmd", similar to "--cc-cmd", to read
+   the recipient list from a command output.
+
+ * "git send-email" learned to read and use "To:" from its input files.
+
+ * you can extend "git shell", which is often used on boxes that allow
+   git-only login over ssh as login shell, with a custom set of
+   commands.
+
+ * The current branch name in "git status" output can be colored differently
+   from the generic header color by setting the "color.status.branch" variable.
+
+ * "git submodule sync" updates metainformation for all submodules,
+   not just the ones that have been checked out.
+
+ * gitweb can use a custom 'highlight' command with its configuration file.
+
+ * other gitweb updates.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.7.3
+------------------
+
+All of the fixes in the v1.7.3.X maintenance series are included in this
+release, unless otherwise noted.
+
+ * "git log --author=me --author=her" did not find commits written by
+   me or by her; instead it looked for commits written by me and by
+   her, which is impossible.
+
+ * "git push --progress" shows progress indicators now.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" showed a confusing error message when given a
+   branch name that does not exist.
+
+ * "git repack" places its temporary packs under $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY/pack
+   instead of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY/ to avoid cross directory renames.
+
+ * "git submodule update --recursive --other-flags" passes flags down
+   to its subinvocations.