merge(third_party/git): Merge squashed git subtree at v2.23.0 r/373

Merge commit '1b593e1ea4d2af0f6444d9a7788d5d99abd6fde5' as 'third_party/git'

1 files changed, 487 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/third_party/git/Documentation/Makefile b/third_party/git/Documentation/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..76f2ecfc1b1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/git/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+# Guard against environment variables
+MAN1_TXT =
+MAN5_TXT =
+MAN7_TXT =
+TECH_DOCS =
+ARTICLES =
+SP_ARTICLES =
+OBSOLETE_HTML =
+
+-include GIT-EXCLUDED-PROGRAMS
+
+MAN1_TXT += $(filter-out \
+		$(patsubst %,%.txt,$(EXCLUDED_PROGRAMS)) \
+		$(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \
+		$(wildcard git-*.txt))
+MAN1_TXT += git.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitk.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitweb.txt
+
+MAN5_TXT += gitattributes.txt
+MAN5_TXT += githooks.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitignore.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitmodules.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitrepository-layout.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitweb.conf.txt
+
+MAN7_TXT += gitcli.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitcore-tutorial.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitcredentials.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitcvs-migration.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitdiffcore.txt
+MAN7_TXT += giteveryday.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitglossary.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitnamespaces.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitremote-helpers.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitrevisions.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitsubmodules.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gittutorial-2.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gittutorial.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitworkflows.txt
+
+ifdef MAN_FILTER
+MAN_TXT = $(filter $(MAN_FILTER),$(MAN1_TXT) $(MAN5_TXT) $(MAN7_TXT))
+else
+MAN_TXT = $(MAN1_TXT) $(MAN5_TXT) $(MAN7_TXT)
+MAN_FILTER = $(MAN_TXT)
+endif
+
+MAN_XML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT))
+MAN_HTML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT))
+GIT_MAN_REF = master
+
+OBSOLETE_HTML += everyday.html
+OBSOLETE_HTML += git-remote-helpers.html
+
+ARTICLES += howto-index
+ARTICLES += git-tools
+ARTICLES += git-bisect-lk2009
+# with their own formatting rules.
+SP_ARTICLES += user-manual
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/new-command
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/revert-branch-rebase
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/using-merge-subtree
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/use-git-daemon
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/update-hook-example
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/setup-git-server-over-http
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/separating-topic-branches
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/revert-a-faulty-merge
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/rebuild-from-update-hook
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/rebase-from-internal-branch
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/keep-canonical-history-correct
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/maintain-git
+API_DOCS = $(patsubst %.txt,%,$(filter-out technical/api-index-skel.txt technical/api-index.txt, $(wildcard technical/api-*.txt)))
+SP_ARTICLES += $(API_DOCS)
+
+TECH_DOCS += MyFirstContribution
+TECH_DOCS += SubmittingPatches
+TECH_DOCS += technical/hash-function-transition
+TECH_DOCS += technical/http-protocol
+TECH_DOCS += technical/index-format
+TECH_DOCS += technical/long-running-process-protocol
+TECH_DOCS += technical/multi-pack-index
+TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-format
+TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-heuristics
+TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-protocol
+TECH_DOCS += technical/partial-clone
+TECH_DOCS += technical/protocol-capabilities
+TECH_DOCS += technical/protocol-common
+TECH_DOCS += technical/protocol-v2
+TECH_DOCS += technical/racy-git
+TECH_DOCS += technical/send-pack-pipeline
+TECH_DOCS += technical/shallow
+TECH_DOCS += technical/signature-format
+TECH_DOCS += technical/trivial-merge
+SP_ARTICLES += $(TECH_DOCS)
+SP_ARTICLES += technical/api-index
+
+ARTICLES_HTML += $(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES))
+HTML_FILTER ?= $(ARTICLES_HTML) $(OBSOLETE_HTML)
+DOC_HTML = $(MAN_HTML) $(filter $(HTML_FILTER),$(ARTICLES_HTML) $(OBSOLETE_HTML))
+
+DOC_MAN1 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.1,$(filter $(MAN_FILTER),$(MAN1_TXT)))
+DOC_MAN5 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.5,$(filter $(MAN_FILTER),$(MAN5_TXT)))
+DOC_MAN7 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.7,$(filter $(MAN_FILTER),$(MAN7_TXT)))
+
+prefix ?= $(HOME)
+bindir ?= $(prefix)/bin
+htmldir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+infodir ?= $(prefix)/share/info
+pdfdir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+mandir ?= $(prefix)/share/man
+man1dir = $(mandir)/man1
+man5dir = $(mandir)/man5
+man7dir = $(mandir)/man7
+# DESTDIR =
+
+ASCIIDOC = asciidoc
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA =
+ASCIIDOC_HTML = xhtml11
+ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK = docbook
+ASCIIDOC_CONF = -f asciidoc.conf
+ASCIIDOC_COMMON = $(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) $(ASCIIDOC_CONF) \
+		-agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION)
+TXT_TO_HTML = $(ASCIIDOC_COMMON) -b $(ASCIIDOC_HTML)
+TXT_TO_XML = $(ASCIIDOC_COMMON) -b $(ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK)
+MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-normal.xsl
+XMLTO = xmlto
+XMLTO_EXTRA =
+INSTALL ?= install
+RM ?= rm -f
+MAN_REPO = ../../git-manpages
+HTML_REPO = ../../git-htmldocs
+
+MAKEINFO = makeinfo
+INSTALL_INFO = install-info
+DOCBOOK2X_TEXI = docbook2x-texi
+DBLATEX = dblatex
+ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR = /etc/asciidoc/dblatex
+DBLATEX_COMMON = -p $(ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR)/asciidoc-dblatex.xsl -s $(ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR)/asciidoc-dblatex.sty
+ifndef PERL_PATH
+	PERL_PATH = /usr/bin/perl
+endif
+
+-include ../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../config.mak
+
+#
+# For docbook-xsl ...
+#	-1.68.1,	no extra settings are needed?
+#	1.69.0,		set ASCIIDOC_ROFF?
+#	1.69.1-1.71.0,	set DOCBOOK_SUPPRESS_SP?
+#	1.71.1,		set ASCIIDOC_ROFF?
+#	1.72.0,		set DOCBOOK_XSL_172.
+#	1.73.0-,	no extra settings are needed
+#
+
+ifdef DOCBOOK_XSL_172
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-asciidoc-no-roff
+MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-1.72.xsl
+else
+	ifndef ASCIIDOC_ROFF
+	# docbook-xsl after 1.72 needs the regular XSL, but will not
+	# pass-thru raw roff codes from asciidoc.conf, so turn them off.
+	ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-asciidoc-no-roff
+	endif
+endif
+ifndef NO_MAN_BOLD_LITERAL
+XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-bold-literal.xsl
+endif
+ifdef DOCBOOK_SUPPRESS_SP
+XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-suppress-sp.xsl
+endif
+
+# Newer DocBook stylesheet emits warning cruft in the output when
+# this is not set, and if set it shows an absolute link.  Older
+# stylesheets simply ignore this parameter.
+#
+# Distros may want to use MAN_BASE_URL=file:///path/to/git/docs/
+# or similar.
+ifndef MAN_BASE_URL
+MAN_BASE_URL = file://$(htmldir)/
+endif
+XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-base-url.xsl
+
+# If your target system uses GNU groff, it may try to render
+# apostrophes as a "pretty" apostrophe using unicode.  This breaks
+# cut&paste, so you should set GNU_ROFF to force them to be ASCII
+# apostrophes.  Unfortunately does not work with non-GNU roff.
+ifdef GNU_ROFF
+XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-quote-apos.xsl
+endif
+
+ifdef USE_ASCIIDOCTOR
+ASCIIDOC = asciidoctor
+ASCIIDOC_CONF =
+ASCIIDOC_HTML = xhtml5
+ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK = docbook45
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -acompat-mode -atabsize=8
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -I. -rasciidoctor-extensions
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -alitdd='&\#x2d;&\#x2d;'
+DBLATEX_COMMON =
+endif
+
+SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL)
+# Shell quote;
+SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+
+ifdef DEFAULT_PAGER
+DEFAULT_PAGER_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DEFAULT_PAGER))
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a 'git-default-pager=$(DEFAULT_PAGER_SQ)'
+endif
+
+ifdef DEFAULT_EDITOR
+DEFAULT_EDITOR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DEFAULT_EDITOR))
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a 'git-default-editor=$(DEFAULT_EDITOR_SQ)'
+endif
+
+QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +$(MAKE) -C # space to separate -C and subdir
+QUIET_SUBDIR1  =
+
+ifneq ($(findstring $(MAKEFLAGS),w),w)
+PRINT_DIR = --no-print-directory
+else # "make -w"
+NO_SUBDIR = :
+endif
+
+ifneq ($(findstring $(MAKEFLAGS),s),s)
+ifndef V
+	QUIET_ASCIIDOC	= @echo '   ' ASCIIDOC $@;
+	QUIET_XMLTO	= @echo '   ' XMLTO $@;
+	QUIET_DB2TEXI	= @echo '   ' DB2TEXI $@;
+	QUIET_MAKEINFO	= @echo '   ' MAKEINFO $@;
+	QUIET_DBLATEX	= @echo '   ' DBLATEX $@;
+	QUIET_XSLTPROC	= @echo '   ' XSLTPROC $@;
+	QUIET_GEN	= @echo '   ' GEN $@;
+	QUIET_LINT	= @echo '   ' LINT $@;
+	QUIET_STDERR	= 2> /dev/null
+	QUIET_SUBDIR0	= +@subdir=
+	QUIET_SUBDIR1	= ;$(NO_SUBDIR) echo '   ' SUBDIR $$subdir; \
+			  $(MAKE) $(PRINT_DIR) -C $$subdir
+	export V
+endif
+endif
+
+all: html man
+
+html: $(DOC_HTML)
+
+man: man1 man5 man7
+man1: $(DOC_MAN1)
+man5: $(DOC_MAN5)
+man7: $(DOC_MAN7)
+
+info: git.info gitman.info
+
+pdf: user-manual.pdf
+
+install: install-man
+
+install-man: man
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(man7dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $(DOC_MAN1) $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $(DOC_MAN5) $(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $(DOC_MAN7) $(DESTDIR)$(man7dir)
+
+install-info: info
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 git.info gitman.info $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)
+	if test -r $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/dir; then \
+	  $(INSTALL_INFO) --info-dir=$(DESTDIR)$(infodir) git.info ;\
+	  $(INSTALL_INFO) --info-dir=$(DESTDIR)$(infodir) gitman.info ;\
+	else \
+	  echo "No directory found in $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)" >&2 ; \
+	fi
+
+install-pdf: pdf
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(pdfdir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 user-manual.pdf $(DESTDIR)$(pdfdir)
+
+install-html: html
+	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-webdoc.sh $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
+
+../GIT-VERSION-FILE: FORCE
+	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)../ $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+-include ../GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+#
+# Determine "include::" file references in asciidoc files.
+#
+docdep_prereqs = \
+	mergetools-list.made $(mergetools_txt) \
+	cmd-list.made $(cmds_txt)
+
+doc.dep : $(docdep_prereqs) $(wildcard *.txt) $(wildcard config/*.txt) build-docdep.perl
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(PERL_PATH) ./build-docdep.perl >$@+ $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+-include doc.dep
+
+cmds_txt = cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt \
+	cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt \
+	cmds-mainporcelain.txt \
+	cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt \
+	cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt \
+	cmds-synchingrepositories.txt \
+	cmds-synchelpers.txt \
+	cmds-purehelpers.txt \
+	cmds-foreignscminterface.txt
+
+$(cmds_txt): cmd-list.made
+
+cmd-list.made: cmd-list.perl ../command-list.txt $(MAN1_TXT)
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ && \
+	$(PERL_PATH) ./cmd-list.perl ../command-list.txt $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
+	date >$@
+
+mergetools_txt = mergetools-diff.txt mergetools-merge.txt
+
+$(mergetools_txt): mergetools-list.made
+
+mergetools-list.made: ../git-mergetool--lib.sh $(wildcard ../mergetools/*)
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ && \
+	$(SHELL_PATH) -c 'MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=../mergetools && \
+		. ../git-mergetool--lib.sh && \
+		show_tool_names can_diff "* " || :' >mergetools-diff.txt && \
+	$(SHELL_PATH) -c 'MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=../mergetools && \
+		. ../git-mergetool--lib.sh && \
+		show_tool_names can_merge "* " || :' >mergetools-merge.txt && \
+	date >$@
+
+TRACK_ASCIIDOCFLAGS = $(subst ','\'',$(ASCIIDOC_COMMON):$(ASCIIDOC_HTML):$(ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK))
+
+GIT-ASCIIDOCFLAGS: FORCE
+	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_ASCIIDOCFLAGS)'; \
+	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-ASCIIDOCFLAGS 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+		echo >&2 "    * new asciidoc flags"; \
+		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-ASCIIDOCFLAGS; \
+            fi
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) *.xml *.xml+ *.html *.html+ *.1 *.5 *.7
+	$(RM) *.texi *.texi+ *.texi++ git.info gitman.info
+	$(RM) *.pdf
+	$(RM) howto-index.txt howto/*.html doc.dep
+	$(RM) technical/*.html technical/api-index.txt
+	$(RM) SubmittingPatches.txt
+	$(RM) $(cmds_txt) $(mergetools_txt) *.made
+	$(RM) manpage-base-url.xsl
+	$(RM) GIT-ASCIIDOCFLAGS
+
+$(MAN_HTML): %.html : %.txt asciidoc.conf asciidoctor-extensions.rb GIT-ASCIIDOCFLAGS
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(TXT_TO_HTML) -d manpage -o $@+ $< && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+$(OBSOLETE_HTML): %.html : %.txto asciidoc.conf asciidoctor-extensions.rb GIT-ASCIIDOCFLAGS
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(TXT_TO_HTML) -o $@+ $< && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+manpage-base-url.xsl: manpage-base-url.xsl.in
+	$(QUIET_GEN)sed "s|@@MAN_BASE_URL@@|$(MAN_BASE_URL)|" $< > $@
+
+%.1 %.5 %.7 : %.xml manpage-base-url.xsl $(wildcard manpage*.xsl)
+	$(QUIET_XMLTO)$(RM) $@ && \
+	$(XMLTO) -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) $(XMLTO_EXTRA) man $<
+
+%.xml : %.txt asciidoc.conf asciidoctor-extensions.rb GIT-ASCIIDOCFLAGS
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(TXT_TO_XML) -d manpage -o $@+ $< && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+user-manual.xml: user-manual.txt user-manual.conf asciidoctor-extensions.rb GIT-ASCIIDOCFLAGS
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(TXT_TO_XML) -d book -o $@+ $< && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+technical/api-index.txt: technical/api-index-skel.txt \
+	technical/api-index.sh $(patsubst %,%.txt,$(API_DOCS))
+	$(QUIET_GEN)cd technical && '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./api-index.sh
+
+technical/%.html: ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-relative-html-prefix=../
+$(patsubst %,%.html,$(API_DOCS) technical/api-index $(TECH_DOCS)): %.html : %.txt \
+	asciidoc.conf GIT-ASCIIDOCFLAGS
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(TXT_TO_HTML) $*.txt
+
+SubmittingPatches.txt: SubmittingPatches
+	$(QUIET_GEN) cp $< $@
+
+XSLT = docbook.xsl
+XSLTOPTS = --xinclude --stringparam html.stylesheet docbook-xsl.css
+
+user-manual.html: user-manual.xml $(XSLT)
+	$(QUIET_XSLTPROC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	xsltproc $(XSLTOPTS) -o $@+ $(XSLT) $< && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+git.info: user-manual.texi
+	$(QUIET_MAKEINFO)$(MAKEINFO) --no-split -o $@ user-manual.texi
+
+user-manual.texi: user-manual.xml
+	$(QUIET_DB2TEXI)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(DOCBOOK2X_TEXI) user-manual.xml --encoding=UTF-8 --to-stdout >$@++ && \
+	$(PERL_PATH) fix-texi.perl <$@++ >$@+ && \
+	rm $@++ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+user-manual.pdf: user-manual.xml
+	$(QUIET_DBLATEX)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(DBLATEX) -o $@+ $(DBLATEX_COMMON) $< && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+gitman.texi: $(MAN_XML) cat-texi.perl texi.xsl
+	$(QUIET_DB2TEXI)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	($(foreach xml,$(sort $(MAN_XML)),xsltproc -o $(xml)+ texi.xsl $(xml) && \
+		$(DOCBOOK2X_TEXI) --encoding=UTF-8 --to-stdout $(xml)+ && \
+		rm $(xml)+ &&) true) > $@++ && \
+	$(PERL_PATH) cat-texi.perl $@ <$@++ >$@+ && \
+	rm $@++ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+gitman.info: gitman.texi
+	$(QUIET_MAKEINFO)$(MAKEINFO) --no-split --no-validate $*.texi
+
+$(patsubst %.txt,%.texi,$(MAN_TXT)): %.texi : %.xml
+	$(QUIET_DB2TEXI)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(DOCBOOK2X_TEXI) --to-stdout $*.xml >$@+ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+howto-index.txt: howto-index.sh $(wildcard howto/*.txt)
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./howto-index.sh $(sort $(wildcard howto/*.txt)) >$@+ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+$(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES)) : %.html : %.txt
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(TXT_TO_HTML) $*.txt
+
+WEBDOC_DEST = /pub/software/scm/git/docs
+
+howto/%.html: ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-relative-html-prefix=../
+$(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(wildcard howto/*.txt)): %.html : %.txt GIT-ASCIIDOCFLAGS
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	sed -e '1,/^$$/d' $< | \
+	$(TXT_TO_HTML) - >$@+ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+install-webdoc : html
+	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-webdoc.sh $(WEBDOC_DEST)
+
+# You must have a clone of 'git-htmldocs' and 'git-manpages' repositories
+# next to the 'git' repository itself for the following to work.
+
+quick-install: quick-install-man
+
+require-manrepo::
+	@if test ! -d $(MAN_REPO); \
+	then echo "git-manpages repository must exist at $(MAN_REPO)"; exit 1; fi
+
+quick-install-man: require-manrepo
+	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-doc-quick.sh $(MAN_REPO) $(DESTDIR)$(mandir) $(GIT_MAN_REF)
+
+require-htmlrepo::
+	@if test ! -d $(HTML_REPO); \
+	then echo "git-htmldocs repository must exist at $(HTML_REPO)"; exit 1; fi
+
+quick-install-html: require-htmlrepo
+	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-doc-quick.sh $(HTML_REPO) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) $(GIT_MAN_REF)
+
+print-man1:
+	@for i in $(MAN1_TXT); do echo $$i; done
+
+lint-docs::
+	$(QUIET_LINT)$(PERL_PATH) lint-gitlink.perl
+
+ifeq ($(wildcard po/Makefile),po/Makefile)
+doc-l10n install-l10n::
+	$(MAKE) -C po $@
+endif
+
+.PHONY: FORCE