diff options
author | Vincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in> | 2021-09-21T10·03+0300 |
---|---|---|
committer | Vincent Ambo <mail@tazj.in> | 2021-09-21T11·29+0300 |
commit | 43b1791ec601732ac31195df96781a848360a9ac (patch) | |
tree | daae8d638343295d2f1f7da955e556ef4c958864 /third_party/git/Documentation/CodingGuidelines | |
parent | 2d8e7dc9d9c38127ec4ebd13aee8e8f586a43318 (diff) |
chore(3p/git): Unvendor git and track patches instead r/2903
This was vendored a long time ago under the expectation that keeping it in sync with cgit would be easier this way, but it has proven not to be a big issue. On the other hand, a vendored copy of git is an annoying maintenance burden. It is much easier to rebase the single (dottime) patch that we have. This removes the vendored copy of git and instead passes the git source code to cgit via `pkgs.srcOnly`, which includes the applied patch so that cgit can continue rendering dottime. Change-Id: If31f62dea7ce688fd1b9050204e9378019775f2b
Diffstat (limited to 'third_party/git/Documentation/CodingGuidelines')
-rw-r--r-- | third_party/git/Documentation/CodingGuidelines | 640 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 640 deletions
diff --git a/third_party/git/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/third_party/git/Documentation/CodingGuidelines deleted file mode 100644 index 45465bc0c98f..000000000000 --- a/third_party/git/Documentation/CodingGuidelines +++ /dev/null @@ -1,640 +0,0 @@ -Like other projects, we also have some guidelines to keep to the -code. For Git in general, a few rough rules are: - - - Most importantly, we never say "It's in POSIX; we'll happily - ignore your needs should your system not conform to it." - We live in the real world. - - - However, we often say "Let's stay away from that construct, - it's not even in POSIX". - - - In spite of the above two rules, we sometimes say "Although - this is not in POSIX, it (is so convenient | makes the code - much more readable | has other good characteristics) and - practically all the platforms we care about support it, so - let's use it". - - Again, we live in the real world, and it is sometimes a - judgement call, the decision based more on real world - constraints people face than what the paper standard says. - - - Fixing style violations while working on a real change as a - preparatory clean-up step is good, but otherwise avoid useless code - churn for the sake of conforming to the style. - - "Once it _is_ in the tree, it's not really worth the patch noise to - go and fix it up." - Cf. http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1001.3/01069.html - -Make your code readable and sensible, and don't try to be clever. - -As for more concrete guidelines, just imitate the existing code -(this is a good guideline, no matter which project you are -contributing to). It is always preferable to match the _local_ -convention. New code added to Git suite is expected to match -the overall style of existing code. Modifications to existing -code is expected to match the style the surrounding code already -uses (even if it doesn't match the overall style of existing code). - -But if you must have a list of rules, here they are. - -For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive): - - - We use tabs for indentation. - - - Case arms are indented at the same depth as case and esac lines, - like this: - - case "$variable" in - pattern1) - do this - ;; - pattern2) - do that - ;; - esac - - - Redirection operators should be written with space before, but no - space after them. In other words, write 'echo test >"$file"' - instead of 'echo test> $file' or 'echo test > $file'. Note that - even though it is not required by POSIX to double-quote the - redirection target in a variable (as shown above), our code does so - because some versions of bash issue a warning without the quotes. - - (incorrect) - cat hello > world < universe - echo hello >$world - - (correct) - cat hello >world <universe - echo hello >"$world" - - - We prefer $( ... ) for command substitution; unlike ``, it - properly nests. It should have been the way Bourne spelled - it from day one, but unfortunately isn't. - - - If you want to find out if a command is available on the user's - $PATH, you should use 'type <command>', instead of 'which <command>'. - The output of 'which' is not machine parsable and its exit code - is not reliable across platforms. - - - We use POSIX compliant parameter substitutions and avoid bashisms; - namely: - - - We use ${parameter-word} and its [-=?+] siblings, and their - colon'ed "unset or null" form. - - - We use ${parameter#word} and its [#%] siblings, and their - doubled "longest matching" form. - - - No "Substring Expansion" ${parameter:offset:length}. - - - No shell arrays. - - - No pattern replacement ${parameter/pattern/string}. - - - We use Arithmetic Expansion $(( ... )). - - - We do not use Process Substitution <(list) or >(list). - - - Do not write control structures on a single line with semicolon. - "then" should be on the next line for if statements, and "do" - should be on the next line for "while" and "for". - - (incorrect) - if test -f hello; then - do this - fi - - (correct) - if test -f hello - then - do this - fi - - - If a command sequence joined with && or || or | spans multiple - lines, put each command on a separate line and put && and || and | - operators at the end of each line, rather than the start. This - means you don't need to use \ to join lines, since the above - operators imply the sequence isn't finished. - - (incorrect) - grep blob verify_pack_result \ - | awk -f print_1.awk \ - | sort >actual && - ... - - (correct) - grep blob verify_pack_result | - awk -f print_1.awk | - sort >actual && - ... - - - We prefer "test" over "[ ... ]". - - - We do not write the noiseword "function" in front of shell - functions. - - - We prefer a space between the function name and the parentheses, - and no space inside the parentheses. The opening "{" should also - be on the same line. - - (incorrect) - my_function(){ - ... - - (correct) - my_function () { - ... - - - As to use of grep, stick to a subset of BRE (namely, no \{m,n\}, - [::], [==], or [..]) for portability. - - - We do not use \{m,n\}; - - - We do not use -E; - - - We do not use ? or + (which are \{0,1\} and \{1,\} - respectively in BRE) but that goes without saying as these - are ERE elements not BRE (note that \? and \+ are not even part - of BRE -- making them accessible from BRE is a GNU extension). - - - Use Git's gettext wrappers in git-sh-i18n to make the user - interface translatable. See "Marking strings for translation" in - po/README. - - - We do not write our "test" command with "-a" and "-o" and use "&&" - or "||" to concatenate multiple "test" commands instead, because - the use of "-a/-o" is often error-prone. E.g. - - test -n "$x" -a "$a" = "$b" - - is buggy and breaks when $x is "=", but - - test -n "$x" && test "$a" = "$b" - - does not have such a problem. - - -For C programs: - - - We use tabs to indent, and interpret tabs as taking up to - 8 spaces. - - - We try to keep to at most 80 characters per line. - - - As a Git developer we assume you have a reasonably modern compiler - and we recommend you to enable the DEVELOPER makefile knob to - ensure your patch is clear of all compiler warnings we care about, - by e.g. "echo DEVELOPER=1 >>config.mak". - - - We try to support a wide range of C compilers to compile Git with, - including old ones. You should not use features from newer C - standard, even if your compiler groks them. - - There are a few exceptions to this guideline: - - . since early 2012 with e1327023ea, we have been using an enum - definition whose last element is followed by a comma. This, like - an array initializer that ends with a trailing comma, can be used - to reduce the patch noise when adding a new identifier at the end. - - . since mid 2017 with cbc0f81d, we have been using designated - initializers for struct (e.g. "struct t v = { .val = 'a' };"). - - . since mid 2017 with 512f41cf, we have been using designated - initializers for array (e.g. "int array[10] = { [5] = 2 }"). - - These used to be forbidden, but we have not heard any breakage - report, and they are assumed to be safe. - - - Variables have to be declared at the beginning of the block, before - the first statement (i.e. -Wdeclaration-after-statement). - - - Declaring a variable in the for loop "for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)" - is still not allowed in this codebase. - - - NULL pointers shall be written as NULL, not as 0. - - - When declaring pointers, the star sides with the variable - name, i.e. "char *string", not "char* string" or - "char * string". This makes it easier to understand code - like "char *string, c;". - - - Use whitespace around operators and keywords, but not inside - parentheses and not around functions. So: - - while (condition) - func(bar + 1); - - and not: - - while( condition ) - func (bar+1); - - - Do not explicitly compare an integral value with constant 0 or '\0', - or a pointer value with constant NULL. For instance, to validate that - counted array <ptr, cnt> is initialized but has no elements, write: - - if (!ptr || cnt) - BUG("empty array expected"); - - and not: - - if (ptr == NULL || cnt != 0); - BUG("empty array expected"); - - - We avoid using braces unnecessarily. I.e. - - if (bla) { - x = 1; - } - - is frowned upon. But there are a few exceptions: - - - When the statement extends over a few lines (e.g., a while loop - with an embedded conditional, or a comment). E.g.: - - while (foo) { - if (x) - one(); - else - two(); - } - - if (foo) { - /* - * This one requires some explanation, - * so we're better off with braces to make - * it obvious that the indentation is correct. - */ - doit(); - } - - - When there are multiple arms to a conditional and some of them - require braces, enclose even a single line block in braces for - consistency. E.g.: - - if (foo) { - doit(); - } else { - one(); - two(); - three(); - } - - - We try to avoid assignments in the condition of an "if" statement. - - - Try to make your code understandable. You may put comments - in, but comments invariably tend to stale out when the code - they were describing changes. Often splitting a function - into two makes the intention of the code much clearer. - - - Multi-line comments include their delimiters on separate lines from - the text. E.g. - - /* - * A very long - * multi-line comment. - */ - - Note however that a comment that explains a translatable string to - translators uses a convention of starting with a magic token - "TRANSLATORS: ", e.g. - - /* - * TRANSLATORS: here is a comment that explains the string to - * be translated, that follows immediately after it. - */ - _("Here is a translatable string explained by the above."); - - - Double negation is often harder to understand than no negation - at all. - - - There are two schools of thought when it comes to comparison, - especially inside a loop. Some people prefer to have the less stable - value on the left hand side and the more stable value on the right hand - side, e.g. if you have a loop that counts variable i down to the - lower bound, - - while (i > lower_bound) { - do something; - i--; - } - - Other people prefer to have the textual order of values match the - actual order of values in their comparison, so that they can - mentally draw a number line from left to right and place these - values in order, i.e. - - while (lower_bound < i) { - do something; - i--; - } - - Both are valid, and we use both. However, the more "stable" the - stable side becomes, the more we tend to prefer the former - (comparison with a constant, "i > 0", is an extreme example). - Just do not mix styles in the same part of the code and mimic - existing styles in the neighbourhood. - - - There are two schools of thought when it comes to splitting a long - logical line into multiple lines. Some people push the second and - subsequent lines far enough to the right with tabs and align them: - - if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to || - span_more_than_a_single_line_of || - the_source_text) { - ... - - while other people prefer to align the second and the subsequent - lines with the column immediately inside the opening parenthesis, - with tabs and spaces, following our "tabstop is always a multiple - of 8" convention: - - if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to || - span_more_than_a_single_line_of || - the_source_text) { - ... - - Both are valid, and we use both. Again, just do not mix styles in - the same part of the code and mimic existing styles in the - neighbourhood. - - - When splitting a long logical line, some people change line before - a binary operator, so that the result looks like a parse tree when - you turn your head 90-degrees counterclockwise: - - if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to - || span_more_than_a_single_line_of_the_source_text) { - - while other people prefer to leave the operator at the end of the - line: - - if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to || - span_more_than_a_single_line_of_the_source_text) { - - Both are valid, but we tend to use the latter more, unless the - expression gets fairly complex, in which case the former tends to - be easier to read. Again, just do not mix styles in the same part - of the code and mimic existing styles in the neighbourhood. - - - When splitting a long logical line, with everything else being - equal, it is preferable to split after the operator at higher - level in the parse tree. That is, this is more preferable: - - if (a_very_long_variable * that_is_used_in + - a_very_long_expression) { - ... - - than - - if (a_very_long_variable * - that_is_used_in + a_very_long_expression) { - ... - - - Some clever tricks, like using the !! operator with arithmetic - constructs, can be extremely confusing to others. Avoid them, - unless there is a compelling reason to use them. - - - Use the API. No, really. We have a strbuf (variable length - string), several arrays with the ALLOC_GROW() macro, a - string_list for sorted string lists, a hash map (mapping struct - objects) named "struct decorate", amongst other things. - - - When you come up with an API, document its functions and structures - in the header file that exposes the API to its callers. Use what is - in "strbuf.h" as a model for the appropriate tone and level of - detail. - - - The first #include in C files, except in platform specific compat/ - implementations, must be either "git-compat-util.h", "cache.h" or - "builtin.h". You do not have to include more than one of these. - - - A C file must directly include the header files that declare the - functions and the types it uses, except for the functions and types - that are made available to it by including one of the header files - it must include by the previous rule. - - - If you are planning a new command, consider writing it in shell - or perl first, so that changes in semantics can be easily - changed and discussed. Many Git commands started out like - that, and a few are still scripts. - - - Avoid introducing a new dependency into Git. This means you - usually should stay away from scripting languages not already - used in the Git core command set (unless your command is clearly - separate from it, such as an importer to convert random-scm-X - repositories to Git). - - - When we pass <string, length> pair to functions, we should try to - pass them in that order. - - - Use Git's gettext wrappers to make the user interface - translatable. See "Marking strings for translation" in po/README. - - - Variables and functions local to a given source file should be marked - with "static". Variables that are visible to other source files - must be declared with "extern" in header files. However, function - declarations should not use "extern", as that is already the default. - - - You can launch gdb around your program using the shorthand GIT_DEBUGGER. - Run `GIT_DEBUGGER=1 ./bin-wrappers/git foo` to simply use gdb as is, or - run `GIT_DEBUGGER="<debugger> <debugger-args>" ./bin-wrappers/git foo` to - use your own debugger and arguments. Example: `GIT_DEBUGGER="ddd --gdb" - ./bin-wrappers/git log` (See `wrap-for-bin.sh`.) - -For Perl programs: - - - Most of the C guidelines above apply. - - - We try to support Perl 5.8 and later ("use Perl 5.008"). - - - use strict and use warnings are strongly preferred. - - - Don't overuse statement modifiers unless using them makes the - result easier to follow. - - ... do something ... - do_this() unless (condition); - ... do something else ... - - is more readable than: - - ... do something ... - unless (condition) { - do_this(); - } - ... do something else ... - - *only* when the condition is so rare that do_this() will be almost - always called. - - - We try to avoid assignments inside "if ()" conditions. - - - Learn and use Git.pm if you need that functionality. - - - For Emacs, it's useful to put the following in - GIT_CHECKOUT/.dir-locals.el, assuming you use cperl-mode: - - ;; note the first part is useful for C editing, too - ((nil . ((indent-tabs-mode . t) - (tab-width . 8) - (fill-column . 80))) - (cperl-mode . ((cperl-indent-level . 8) - (cperl-extra-newline-before-brace . nil) - (cperl-merge-trailing-else . t)))) - -For Python scripts: - - - We follow PEP-8 (http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/). - - - As a minimum, we aim to be compatible with Python 2.7. - - - Where required libraries do not restrict us to Python 2, we try to - also be compatible with Python 3.1 and later. - -Error Messages - - - Do not end error messages with a full stop. - - - Do not capitalize ("unable to open %s", not "Unable to open %s") - - - Say what the error is first ("cannot open %s", not "%s: cannot open") - - -Externally Visible Names - - - For configuration variable names, follow the existing convention: - - . The section name indicates the affected subsystem. - - . The subsection name, if any, indicates which of an unbounded set - of things to set the value for. - - . The variable name describes the effect of tweaking this knob. - - The section and variable names that consist of multiple words are - formed by concatenating the words without punctuations (e.g. `-`), - and are broken using bumpyCaps in documentation as a hint to the - reader. - - When choosing the variable namespace, do not use variable name for - specifying possibly unbounded set of things, most notably anything - an end user can freely come up with (e.g. branch names). Instead, - use subsection names or variable values, like the existing variable - branch.<name>.description does. - - -Writing Documentation: - - Most (if not all) of the documentation pages are written in the - AsciiDoc format in *.txt files (e.g. Documentation/git.txt), and - processed into HTML and manpages (e.g. git.html and git.1 in the - same directory). - - The documentation liberally mixes US and UK English (en_US/UK) - norms for spelling and grammar, which is somewhat unfortunate. - In an ideal world, it would have been better if it consistently - used only one and not the other, and we would have picked en_US - (if you wish to correct the English of some of the existing - documentation, please see the documentation-related advice in the - Documentation/SubmittingPatches file). - - Every user-visible change should be reflected in the documentation. - The same general rule as for code applies -- imitate the existing - conventions. - - A few commented examples follow to provide reference when writing or - modifying command usage strings and synopsis sections in the manual - pages: - - Placeholders are spelled in lowercase and enclosed in angle brackets: - <file> - --sort=<key> - --abbrev[=<n>] - - If a placeholder has multiple words, they are separated by dashes: - <new-branch-name> - --template=<template-directory> - - Possibility of multiple occurrences is indicated by three dots: - <file>... - (One or more of <file>.) - - Optional parts are enclosed in square brackets: - [<extra>] - (Zero or one <extra>.) - - --exec-path[=<path>] - (Option with an optional argument. Note that the "=" is inside the - brackets.) - - [<patch>...] - (Zero or more of <patch>. Note that the dots are inside, not - outside the brackets.) - - Multiple alternatives are indicated with vertical bars: - [-q | --quiet] - [--utf8 | --no-utf8] - - Parentheses are used for grouping: - [(<rev> | <range>)...] - (Any number of either <rev> or <range>. Parens are needed to make - it clear that "..." pertains to both <rev> and <range>.) - - [(-p <parent>)...] - (Any number of option -p, each with one <parent> argument.) - - git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>) - (One and only one of "-a", "-d" or "<branch>" _must_ (no square - brackets) be provided.) - - And a somewhat more contrived example: - --diff-filter=[(A|C|D|M|R|T|U|X|B)...[*]] - Here "=" is outside the brackets, because "--diff-filter=" is a - valid usage. "*" has its own pair of brackets, because it can - (optionally) be specified only when one or more of the letters is - also provided. - - A note on notation: - Use 'git' (all lowercase) when talking about commands i.e. something - the user would type into a shell and use 'Git' (uppercase first letter) - when talking about the version control system and its properties. - - A few commented examples follow to provide reference when writing or - modifying paragraphs or option/command explanations that contain options - or commands: - - Literal examples (e.g. use of command-line options, command names, - branch names, URLs, pathnames (files and directories), configuration and - environment variables) must be typeset in monospace (i.e. wrapped with - backticks): - `--pretty=oneline` - `git rev-list` - `remote.pushDefault` - `http://git.example.com` - `.git/config` - `GIT_DIR` - `HEAD` - - An environment variable must be prefixed with "$" only when referring to its - value and not when referring to the variable itself, in this case there is - nothing to add except the backticks: - `GIT_DIR` is specified - `$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-receive` - - Word phrases enclosed in `backtick characters` are rendered literally - and will not be further expanded. The use of `backticks` to achieve the - previous rule means that literal examples should not use AsciiDoc - escapes. - Correct: - `--pretty=oneline` - Incorrect: - `\--pretty=oneline` - - If some place in the documentation needs to typeset a command usage - example with inline substitutions, it is fine to use +monospaced and - inline substituted text+ instead of `monospaced literal text`, and with - the former, the part that should not get substituted must be - quoted/escaped. |