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diff --git a/absl/strings/str_cat_test.cc b/absl/strings/str_cat_test.cc
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+++ b/absl/strings/str_cat_test.cc
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+// Copyright 2017 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Unit tests for all str_cat.h functions
+
+#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/strings/substitute.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+// Test absl::StrCat of ints and longs of various sizes and signdedness.
+TEST(StrCat, Ints) {
+  const short s = -1;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+  const uint16_t us = 2;
+  const int i = -3;
+  const unsigned int ui = 4;
+  const long l = -5;                 // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+  const unsigned long ul = 6;        // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+  const long long ll = -7;           // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+  const unsigned long long ull = 8;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+  const ptrdiff_t ptrdiff = -9;
+  const size_t size = 10;
+  const intptr_t intptr = -12;
+  const uintptr_t uintptr = 13;
+  std::string answer;
+  answer = absl::StrCat(s, us);
+  EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-12");
+  answer = absl::StrCat(i, ui);
+  EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-34");
+  answer = absl::StrCat(l, ul);
+  EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-56");
+  answer = absl::StrCat(ll, ull);
+  EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-78");
+  answer = absl::StrCat(ptrdiff, size);
+  EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-910");
+  answer = absl::StrCat(ptrdiff, intptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-9-12");
+  answer = absl::StrCat(uintptr, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(answer, "130");
+}
+
+TEST(StrCat, Enums) {
+  enum SmallNumbers { One = 1, Ten = 10 } e = Ten;
+  EXPECT_EQ("10", absl::StrCat(e));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-5", absl::StrCat(SmallNumbers(-5)));
+
+  enum class Option { Boxers = 1, Briefs = -1 };
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("-1", absl::StrCat(Option::Briefs));
+
+  enum class Airplane : uint64_t {
+    Airbus = 1,
+    Boeing = 1000,
+    Canary = 10000000000  // too big for "int"
+  };
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("10000000000", absl::StrCat(Airplane::Canary));
+
+  enum class TwoGig : int32_t {
+    TwoToTheZero = 1,
+    TwoToTheSixteenth = 1 << 16,
+    TwoToTheThirtyFirst = INT32_MIN
+  };
+  EXPECT_EQ("65536", absl::StrCat(TwoGig::TwoToTheSixteenth));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-2147483648", absl::StrCat(TwoGig::TwoToTheThirtyFirst));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-1", absl::StrCat(static_cast<TwoGig>(-1)));
+
+  enum class FourGig : uint32_t {
+    TwoToTheZero = 1,
+    TwoToTheSixteenth = 1 << 16,
+    TwoToTheThirtyFirst = 1U << 31  // too big for "int"
+  };
+  EXPECT_EQ("65536", absl::StrCat(FourGig::TwoToTheSixteenth));
+  EXPECT_EQ("2147483648", absl::StrCat(FourGig::TwoToTheThirtyFirst));
+  EXPECT_EQ("4294967295", absl::StrCat(static_cast<FourGig>(-1)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("10000000000", absl::StrCat(Airplane::Canary));
+}
+
+TEST(StrCat, Basics) {
+  std::string result;
+
+  std::string strs[] = {
+    "Hello",
+    "Cruel",
+    "World"
+  };
+
+  std::string stdstrs[] = {
+    "std::Hello",
+    "std::Cruel",
+    "std::World"
+  };
+
+  absl::string_view pieces[] = {"Hello", "Cruel", "World"};
+
+  const char* c_strs[] = {
+    "Hello",
+    "Cruel",
+    "World"
+  };
+
+  int32_t i32s[] = {'H', 'C', 'W'};
+  uint64_t ui64s[] = {12345678910LL, 10987654321LL};
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::StrCat(), "");
+
+  result = absl::StrCat(false, true, 2, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "0123");
+
+  result = absl::StrCat(-1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "-1");
+
+  result = absl::StrCat(absl::SixDigits(0.5));
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "0.5");
+
+  result = absl::StrCat(strs[1], pieces[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "CruelWorld");
+
+  result = absl::StrCat(stdstrs[1], " ", stdstrs[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "std::Cruel std::World");
+
+  result = absl::StrCat(strs[0], ", ", pieces[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "Hello, World");
+
+  result = absl::StrCat(strs[0], ", ", strs[1], " ", strs[2], "!");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "Hello, Cruel World!");
+
+  result = absl::StrCat(pieces[0], ", ", pieces[1], " ", pieces[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "Hello, Cruel World");
+
+  result = absl::StrCat(c_strs[0], ", ", c_strs[1], " ", c_strs[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "Hello, Cruel World");
+
+  result = absl::StrCat("ASCII ", i32s[0], ", ", i32s[1], " ", i32s[2], "!");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "ASCII 72, 67 87!");
+
+  result = absl::StrCat(ui64s[0], ", ", ui64s[1], "!");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "12345678910, 10987654321!");
+
+  std::string one = "1";  // Actually, it's the size of this std::string that we want; a
+                     // 64-bit build distinguishes between size_t and uint64_t,
+                     // even though they're both unsigned 64-bit values.
+  result = absl::StrCat("And a ", one.size(), " and a ",
+                        &result[2] - &result[0], " and a ", one, " 2 3 4", "!");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "And a 1 and a 2 and a 1 2 3 4!");
+
+  // result = absl::StrCat("Single chars won't compile", '!');
+  // result = absl::StrCat("Neither will nullptrs", nullptr);
+  result =
+      absl::StrCat("To output a char by ASCII/numeric value, use +: ", '!' + 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "To output a char by ASCII/numeric value, use +: 33");
+
+  float f = 100000.5;
+  result = absl::StrCat("A hundred K and a half is ", absl::SixDigits(f));
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "A hundred K and a half is 100000");
+
+  f = 100001.5;
+  result =
+      absl::StrCat("A hundred K and one and a half is ", absl::SixDigits(f));
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "A hundred K and one and a half is 100002");
+
+  double d = 100000.5;
+  d *= d;
+  result =
+      absl::StrCat("A hundred K and a half squared is ", absl::SixDigits(d));
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "A hundred K and a half squared is 1.00001e+10");
+
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 333, 4444, 55555, 666666, 7777777, 88888888,
+                        999999999);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "12333444455555666666777777788888888999999999");
+}
+
+// A minimal allocator that uses malloc().
+template <typename T>
+struct Mallocator {
+  typedef T value_type;
+  typedef size_t size_type;
+  typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+  typedef T* pointer;
+  typedef const T* const_pointer;
+  typedef T& reference;
+  typedef const T& const_reference;
+
+  size_type max_size() const {
+    return size_t(std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max()) / sizeof(value_type);
+  }
+  template <typename U>
+  struct rebind {
+    typedef Mallocator<U> other;
+  };
+  Mallocator() = default;
+
+  T* allocate(size_t n) { return static_cast<T*>(std::malloc(n * sizeof(T))); }
+  void deallocate(T* p, size_t) { std::free(p); }
+};
+template <typename T, typename U>
+bool operator==(const Mallocator<T>&, const Mallocator<U>&) {
+  return true;
+}
+template <typename T, typename U>
+bool operator!=(const Mallocator<T>&, const Mallocator<U>&) {
+  return false;
+}
+
+TEST(StrCat, CustomAllocator) {
+  using mstring =
+      std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, Mallocator<char>>;
+  const mstring str1("PARACHUTE OFF A BLIMP INTO MOSCONE!!");
+
+  const mstring str2("Read this book about coffee tables");
+
+  std::string result = absl::StrCat(str1, str2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result,
+            "PARACHUTE OFF A BLIMP INTO MOSCONE!!"
+            "Read this book about coffee tables");
+}
+
+TEST(StrCat, MaxArgs) {
+  std::string result;
+  // Test 10 up to 26 arguments, the current maximum
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789a");
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789ab");
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abc");
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcd");
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcde");
+  result =
+      absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdef");
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
+                        "g");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefg");
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
+                        "g", "h");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefgh");
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
+                        "g", "h", "i");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghi");
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
+                        "g", "h", "i", "j");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghij");
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
+                        "g", "h", "i", "j", "k");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghijk");
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
+                        "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghijkl");
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
+                        "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghijklm");
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
+                        "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghijklmn");
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
+                        "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghijklmno");
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
+                        "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghijklmnop");
+  result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
+                        "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghijklmnopq");
+  // No limit thanks to C++11's variadic templates
+  result = absl::StrCat(
+      1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h",
+      "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w",
+      "x", "y", "z", "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L",
+      "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result,
+            "12345678910abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ");
+}
+
+TEST(StrAppend, Basics) {
+  std::string result = "existing text";
+
+  std::string strs[] = {
+    "Hello",
+    "Cruel",
+    "World"
+  };
+
+  absl::string_view pieces[] = {"Hello", "Cruel", "World"};
+
+  const char* c_strs[] = {
+    "Hello",
+    "Cruel",
+    "World"
+  };
+
+  int32_t i32s[] = {'H', 'C', 'W'};
+  uint64_t ui64s[] = {12345678910LL, 10987654321LL};
+
+  std::string::size_type old_size = result.size();
+  absl::StrAppend(&result);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.size(), old_size);
+
+  old_size = result.size();
+  absl::StrAppend(&result, strs[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "Hello");
+
+  old_size = result.size();
+  absl::StrAppend(&result, strs[1], pieces[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "CruelWorld");
+
+  old_size = result.size();
+  absl::StrAppend(&result, strs[0], ", ", pieces[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "Hello, World");
+
+  old_size = result.size();
+  absl::StrAppend(&result, strs[0], ", ", strs[1], " ", strs[2], "!");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "Hello, Cruel World!");
+
+  old_size = result.size();
+  absl::StrAppend(&result, pieces[0], ", ", pieces[1], " ", pieces[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "Hello, Cruel World");
+
+  old_size = result.size();
+  absl::StrAppend(&result, c_strs[0], ", ", c_strs[1], " ", c_strs[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "Hello, Cruel World");
+
+  old_size = result.size();
+  absl::StrAppend(&result, "ASCII ", i32s[0], ", ", i32s[1], " ", i32s[2], "!");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "ASCII 72, 67 87!");
+
+  old_size = result.size();
+  absl::StrAppend(&result, ui64s[0], ", ", ui64s[1], "!");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "12345678910, 10987654321!");
+
+  std::string one = "1";  // Actually, it's the size of this std::string that we want; a
+                     // 64-bit build distinguishes between size_t and uint64_t,
+                     // even though they're both unsigned 64-bit values.
+  old_size = result.size();
+  absl::StrAppend(&result, "And a ", one.size(), " and a ",
+                  &result[2] - &result[0], " and a ", one, " 2 3 4", "!");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "And a 1 and a 2 and a 1 2 3 4!");
+
+  // result = absl::StrCat("Single chars won't compile", '!');
+  // result = absl::StrCat("Neither will nullptrs", nullptr);
+  old_size = result.size();
+  absl::StrAppend(&result,
+                  "To output a char by ASCII/numeric value, use +: ", '!' + 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size),
+            "To output a char by ASCII/numeric value, use +: 33");
+
+  // Test 9 arguments, the old maximum
+  old_size = result.size();
+  absl::StrAppend(&result, 1, 22, 333, 4444, 55555, 666666, 7777777, 88888888,
+                  9);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "1223334444555556666667777777888888889");
+
+  // No limit thanks to C++11's variadic templates
+  old_size = result.size();
+  absl::StrAppend(
+      &result, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,                           //
+      "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m",  //
+      "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z",  //
+      "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M",  //
+      "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z",  //
+      "No limit thanks to C++11's variadic templates");
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size),
+            "12345678910abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+            "No limit thanks to C++11's variadic templates");
+}
+
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+TEST(StrAppend, Death) {
+  std::string s = "self";
+  // on linux it's "assertion", on mac it's "Assertion",
+  // on chromiumos it's "Assertion ... failed".
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(absl::StrAppend(&s, s.c_str() + 1), "ssertion.*failed");
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(absl::StrAppend(&s, s), "ssertion.*failed");
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+TEST(StrAppend, EmptyString) {
+  std::string s = "";
+  absl::StrAppend(&s, s);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s, "");
+}
+
+template <typename IntType>
+void CheckHex(IntType v, const char* nopad_format, const char* zeropad_format,
+              const char* spacepad_format) {
+  char expected[256];
+
+  std::string actual = absl::StrCat(absl::Hex(v, absl::kNoPad));
+  snprintf(expected, sizeof(expected), nopad_format, v);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual) << " decimal value " << v;
+
+  for (int spec = absl::kZeroPad2; spec <= absl::kZeroPad16; ++spec) {
+    std::string actual =
+        absl::StrCat(absl::Hex(v, static_cast<absl::PadSpec>(spec)));
+    snprintf(expected, sizeof(expected), zeropad_format,
+             spec - absl::kZeroPad2 + 2, v);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual) << " decimal value " << v;
+  }
+
+  for (int spec = absl::kSpacePad2; spec <= absl::kSpacePad16; ++spec) {
+    std::string actual =
+        absl::StrCat(absl::Hex(v, static_cast<absl::PadSpec>(spec)));
+    snprintf(expected, sizeof(expected), spacepad_format,
+             spec - absl::kSpacePad2 + 2, v);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual) << " decimal value " << v;
+  }
+}
+
+void CheckHex64(uint64_t v) {
+  unsigned long long llv = v;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+
+  CheckHex(llv, "%llx", "%0*llx", "%*llx");
+}
+
+template <typename Int32Type>
+void CheckHex32(Int32Type v) {
+  CheckHex(v, "%x", "%0*x", "%*x");
+}
+
+void TestFastPrints() {
+  // Test min int to make sure that works
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
+    CheckHex64(i);
+    CheckHex32(static_cast<uint32_t>(i));
+    CheckHex32(i);
+    CheckHex32(-i);
+  }
+
+  CheckHex64(uint64_t{0x123456789abcdef0});
+  CheckHex32(0x12345678U);
+
+  int8_t minus_one_8bit = -1;
+  EXPECT_EQ("ff", absl::StrCat(absl::Hex(minus_one_8bit)));
+
+  int16_t minus_one_16bit = -1;
+  EXPECT_EQ("ffff", absl::StrCat(absl::Hex(minus_one_16bit)));
+}
+
+TEST(Numbers, TestFunctionsMovedOverFromNumbersMain) {
+  TestFastPrints();
+}
+
+}  // namespace