Squashed 'third_party/git/' changes from 5fa0f5238b..ef7aa56f96

af6b65d45e Git 2.26.2
7397ca3373 Git 2.25.4
b86a4be245 Git 2.24.3
f2771efd07 Git 2.23.3
c9808fa014 Git 2.22.4
9206d27eb5 Git 2.21.3
041bc65923 Git 2.20.4
76b54ee9b9 Git 2.19.5
ba6f0905fd Git 2.18.4
df5be6dc3f Git 2.17.5
1a3609e402 fsck: reject URL with empty host in .gitmodules
e7fab62b73 credential: treat URL with empty scheme as invalid
c44088ecc4 credential: treat URL without scheme as invalid
fe29a9b7b0 credential: die() when parsing invalid urls
a2b26ffb1a fsck: convert gitmodules url to URL passed to curl
8ba8ed568e credential: refuse to operate when missing host or protocol
24036686c4 credential: parse URL without host as empty host, not unset
73aafe9bc2 t0300: use more realistic inputs
a88dbd2f8c t0300: make "quit" helper more realistic
de49261b05 Git 2.26.1
274b9cc253 Git 2.26
55a7568606 Merge branch 'en/rebase-backend'
c452dfa3f8 Merge tag 'l10n-2.26.0-rnd2.1' of git://github.com/git-l10n/git-po.git
1557364fb4 l10n: tr.po: change file mode to 644
2da1b05674 t3419: prevent failure when run with EXPENSIVE
1ae3a389c7 l10n: de.po: Update German translation for Git 2.26.0
5804c6ec40 l10n: de.po: add missing space
98cedd0233 Merge https://github.com/prati0100/git-gui
4914ba4bcf l10n: tr: Fix a couple of ambiguities
a5728022e0 Merge branch 'py/remove-tcloo'
7fcb965970 RelNotes/2.26.0: fix various typos
f0c03bcf95 l10n: Update Catalan translation
67b0a24910 Git 2.25.3
be8661a328 Sync with Git 2.25.2
0822e66b5d Git 2.25.2
65588b0b2e unicode: update the width tables to Unicode 13.0
7be274b0ff Merge branch 'js/ci-windows-update' into maint
9a75ecda1b Merge branch 'jk/run-command-formatfix' into maint
221887a492 Merge branch 'jk/doc-credential-helper' into maint
32fc2c6dd6 Merge branch 'js/mingw-open-in-gdb' into maint
fe0d2c8ddb Merge branch 'js/test-unc-fetch' into maint
618db3621a Merge branch 'js/test-write-junit-xml-fix' into maint
50e1b4166f Merge branch 'en/simplify-check-updates-in-unpack-trees' into maint
fda2baffd2 Merge branch 'jc/doc-single-h-is-for-help' into maint
41d910ea6c Merge branch 'hd/show-one-mergetag-fix' into maint
2d7247af6f Merge branch 'am/mingw-poll-fix' into maint
4e730fcd18 Merge branch 'hi/gpg-use-check-signature' into maint
76ccbdaf97 Merge branch 'ds/partial-clone-fixes' into maint
569b89842d Merge branch 'en/t3433-rebase-stat-dirty-failure' into maint
16a4bf1035 Merge branch 'en/check-ignore' into maint
3246495a5c Merge branch 'jk/push-option-doc-markup-fix' into maint
56f97d5896 Merge branch 'jk/doc-diff-parallel' into maint
1a4abcbb3b Merge branch 'jh/notes-fanout-fix' into maint
7e84f4608f Merge branch 'jk/index-pack-dupfix' into maint
fa24bbe864 Merge branch 'js/rebase-i-with-colliding-hash' into maint
a7a2e12b6e Merge branch 'jk/clang-sanitizer-fixes' into maint
93d0892891 Merge branch 'dt/submodule-rm-with-stale-cache' into maint
dae477777e Merge branch 'pb/recurse-submodule-in-worktree-fix' into maint
758d0773ba Merge branch 'es/outside-repo-errmsg-hints' into maint
f0c344ce57 Merge branch 'js/builtin-add-i-cmds' into maint
506223f9c5 Git 2.24.2
17a02783d8 Git 2.23.2
69fab82147 Git 2.22.3
fe22686494 Git 2.21.2
d1259ce117 Git 2.20.3
a5979d7009 Git 2.19.4
21a3e5016b Git 2.18.3
c42c0f1297 Git 2.17.4
d7d8b208da l10n: sv.po: Update Swedish translation (4839t0f0u)
3891a84ccd git-gui: create a new namespace for chord script evaluation
8a8efbe414 git-gui: reduce Tcl version requirement from 8.6 to 8.5
440e7442d1 l10n: zh_CN: Revise v2.26.0 translation
2b472aae5c l10n: zh_CN: for git v2.26.0 l10n round 1 and 2
6c85aac65f Git 2.26-rc2
74f172e39e Merge branch 'en/test-cleanup'
e96327c947 Merge branch 'es/outside-repo-errmsg-hints'
ee94b979b2 l10n: vi(4839t): Updated Vietnamese translation for v2.26.0
15fa8d9667 l10n: vi: fix translation + grammar
5c20398699 prefix_path: show gitdir if worktree unavailable
1fae9a4b1b l10n: zh_TW.po: v2.26.0 round 2 (0 untranslated)
c73cfd5c79 l10n: zh_TW.po: v2.26.0 round 1 (11 untranslated)
a4a2f64642 Merge branch 'js/askpass-coerce-utf8'
850cf9ae96 git-gui--askpass: coerce answers to UTF-8 on Windows
d769dcc5cd Merge branch 'py/blame-status-error'
70e24186c0 t6022, t6046: fix flaky files-are-updated checks
30e9940356 Hopefully the final batch before -rc2
b4f0038525 Merge branch 'en/rebase-backend'
25f7d68ba9 Merge branch of github.com:ChrisADR/git-po into master
07259e74ec fsck: detect gitmodules URLs with embedded newlines
c716fe4bd9 credential: detect unrepresentable values when parsing urls
17f1c0b8c7 t/lib-credential: use test_i18ncmp to check stderr
9a6bbee800 credential: avoid writing values with newlines
17ed936e96 l10n: it.po: update the Italian translation for Git 2.26.0 round 2
1afe18a3bb l10n: es: 2.26.0 round#2
5ab9217a3c Merge branch of github.com:alshopov/git-po into master
c6713676d6 Merge branch of github.com:bitigchi/git-po into master
b22e556314 l10n: bg.po: Updated Bulgarian translation (4839t)
2713dec02d l10n: tr: v2.26.0 round 2
c9ef57cc3a l10n: fr : v2.26.0 rnd 2
120b1eb731 git-rebase.txt: highlight backend differences with commit rewording
9a1b7474d6 sequencer: clear state upon dropping a become-empty commit
937d143630 i18n: unmark a message in rebase.c
a56d361f66 Merge branch 'ds/sparse-add'
5fa9169ced Merge branch 'dr/push-remote-ref-update'
cdef998b46 Merge branch 'jc/doc-single-h-is-for-help'
051fae4d51 l10n: git.pot: v2.26.0 round 2 (7 new, 2 removed)
52b2742df8 Merge branch 'master' of github.com:git/git into git-po-master
9643441983 l10n: tr: Add glossary for Turkish translations
438393202c Merge branch 'master' of github.com:nafmo/git-l10n-sv
fa89e04fe1 Merge branch 'fr_2.26.0' of github.com:jnavila/git
2591c4cf6d l10n: sv.po: Update Swedish translation (4835t0f0u)
dd2c269652 l10n: tr: Add Turkish translations
8f4f099f8b l10n: tr: Add Turkish translation team info
b4374e96c8 Git 2.26-rc1
4a5c3e10f2 Merge branch 'rs/show-progress-in-dumb-http-fetch'
3658d77f8e Merge branch 'hd/show-one-mergetag-fix'
6125104b88 Merge branch 'rt/format-zero-length-fix'
1ac37deba2 Merge branch 'am/mingw-poll-fix'
cf372dc815 Merge branch 'en/test-cleanup'
d1075adfdf Merge branch 'en/merge-path-collision'
a4fd114ffc Merge branch 'kk/complete-diff-color-moved'
a0d752c1a3 Merge branch 'rj/t1050-use-test-path-is-file'
0e0d717537 Merge branch 'pb/am-show-current-patch'
9b7f726dfc Merge branch 'am/pathspec-f-f-more'
4605a73073 t1091: don't grep for `strerror()` string
4d9c2902a1 l10n: fr v2.26.0 rnd1
ad182bee3f Merge branch of github.com:alshopov/git-po into master
23fa46712a l10n: it.po: update the Italian translation for Git 2.26.0 round 1
98f24073a5 l10n: bg.po: Updated Bulgarian translation (4835t)
f7c6172e97 l10n: git.pot: v2.26.0 round 1 (73 new, 38 removed)
76b1dcd1b2 Merge branch 'master' of github.com:git-l10n/git-po
076cbdcd73 Git 2.26-rc0
0d65f3fb1a t5537: adjust test_oid label
e63cefb024 Merge branch 'hi/gpg-use-check-signature'
5da7329e29 Merge branch 'rs/commit-graph-code-simplification'
0108fc1b46 Merge branch 'js/ci-windows-update'
f3ccd9f0d9 Merge branch 'be/describe-multiroot'
a6b4709302 Merge branch 'ag/rebase-remove-redundant-code'
b22db265d6 Merge branch 'es/recursive-single-branch-clone'
e8e71848ea Merge branch 'jk/nth-packed-object-id'
a0ab37de61 Merge branch 'es/do-not-let-rebase-switch-to-protected-branch'
4a2e91db65 Merge branch 'hv/receive-denycurrent-everywhere'
49e5043b09 Merge branch 'es/worktree-avoid-duplication-fix'
2cbb058669 Merge branch 'bc/wildcard-credential'
25063e2530 Merge branch 'mr/bisect-in-c-1'
f4d7dfce4d Merge branch 'ds/sparse-add'
4d864895a2 t2402: test worktree path when called in .git directory
af8ccd8ade remote: drop "explicit" parameter from remote_ref_for_branch()
7655b4119d remote-curl: show progress for fetches over dumb HTTP
2f268890c2 The eighth batch for 2.26
aa5a7e02ad Merge branch 'ma/test-cleanup'
58595e713c Merge branch 'rs/blame-typefix-for-fingerprint'
ff41848e99 Merge branch 'rs/micro-cleanups'
4cbf1a0e22 Merge branch 'es/worktree-cleanup'
46703057c1 Merge branch 'ak/test-log-graph'
777815f5f9 Merge branch 'jk/run-command-formatfix'
444cff61b4 Merge branch 'ds/partial-clone-fixes'
48d5f25ddd Merge branch 'en/t3433-rebase-stat-dirty-failure'
8c22bd9ff9 Merge branch 'en/rebase-backend'
cb2f5a8e97 Merge branch 'en/check-ignore'
0df82d99da Merge branch 'jk/object-filter-with-bitmap'
80648bb3f2 Merge branch 'jk/push-option-doc-markup-fix'
29b09c518c Merge branch 'jk/doc-diff-parallel'
237a28173f show_one_mergetag: print non-parent in hex form.
5eb9397e88 git-gui: fix error popup when doing blame -> "Show History Context"
6d1210e133 l10n: Update Catalan translation
0106b1d4be Revert "gpg-interface: prefer check_signature() for GPG verification"
7329d94be7 config.mak.dev: re-enable -Wformat-zero-length
7daf4f2ac7 rebase-interactive.c: silence format-zero-length warnings
94f4d01932 mingw: workaround for hangs when sending STDIN
1ff466c018 Documentation: clarify that `-h` alone stands for `help`
65bf820d0e t6020: new test with interleaved lexicographic ordering of directories
9f697ded88 t6022, t6046: test expected behavior instead of testing a proxy for it
d5bb92eced t3035: prefer test_must_fail to bash negation for git commands
b821ca788b t6020, t6022, t6035: update merge tests to use test helper functions
42d180dd01 t602[1236], t6034: modernize test formatting
802050400a merge-recursive: apply collision handling unification to recursive case
7f487ce062 Azure Pipeline: switch to the latest agent pools
5ed9fc3fc8 ci: prevent `perforce` from being quarantined
eafff6e41e t/lib-httpd: avoid using macOS' sed
d68ce906c7 commit-graph: use progress title directly
30b1c7ad9d describe: don't abort too early when searching tags
240fc04f81 builtin/rebase: remove a call to get_oid() on `options.switch_to'
2d2118b814 The seventh batch for 2.26
325eb66830 Merge branch 'es/doc-mentoring'
87f17d790d Merge branch 'es/bright-colors'
d0038f4b31 Merge branch 'bw/remote-rename-update-config'
132f600b06 clone: pass --single-branch during --recurse-submodules
47319576f1 submodule--helper: use C99 named initializer
ffe005576a lib-log-graph: consolidate colored graph cmp logic
989eea958b lib-log-graph: consolidate test_cmp_graph logic
bb69b3b009 worktree: don't allow "add" validation to be fooled by suffix matching
bb4995fc3f worktree: add utility to find worktree by pathname
a80c4c2214 worktree: improve find_worktree() documentation
2fecc48cad packfile: drop nth_packed_object_sha1()
6ac9760a30 packed_object_info(): use object_id internally for delta base
b99b6bcc57 packed_object_info(): use object_id for returning delta base
63f4a7fc01 pack-check: push oid lookup into loop
e31c71083a pack-check: convert "internal error" die to a BUG()
500e4f2366 pack-bitmap: use object_id when loading on-disk bitmaps
f66d4e0250 pack-objects: use object_id struct in pack-reuse code
a93c141dde pack-objects: convert oe_set_delta_ext() to use object_id
3f83fd5e44 pack-objects: read delta base oid into object_id struct
0763671b8e nth_packed_object_oid(): use customary integer return
02bbbe9df9 worktree: drop unused code from get_main_worktree()
27f182b3fc blame: provide type of fingerprints pointer
b5cabb4a96 rebase: refuse to switch to branch already checked out elsewhere
df126ca142 t3400: make test clean up after itself
3c29e21eb0 t: drop debug `cat` calls
cac439b56d t9810: drop debug `cat` call
91de82adc9 t4117: check for files using `test_path_is_file`
4ef346482d receive.denyCurrentBranch: respect all worktrees
f8692114db t5509: use a bare repository for test push target
45f274fbb1 get_main_worktree(): allow it to be called in the Git directory
fd0bc17557 completion: add diff --color-moved[-ws]
2ce6d075fa use strpbrk(3) to search for characters from a given set
2b3c430bce quote: use isalnum() to check for alphanumeric characters
a51d9e8f07 t1050: replace test -f with test_path_is_file
3e96c66805 partial-clone: avoid fetching when looking for objects
d0badf8797 partial-clone: demonstrate bugs in partial fetch
539052f42f run-command.h: fix mis-indented struct member
6c11c6a124 sparse-checkout: allow one-character directories in cone mode
aa416b22ea am: support --show-current-patch=diff to retrieve .git/rebase-apply/patch
f3b4822899 am: support --show-current-patch=raw as a synonym for--show-current-patch
e8ef1e8d6e am: convert "resume" variable to a struct
bc8620b440 parse-options: convert "command mode" to a flag
62e7a6f7a1 parse-options: add testcases for OPT_CMDMODE()
46fd7b3900 credential: allow wildcard patterns when matching config
82eb249853 credential: use the last matching username in the config
588c70e10f t0300: add tests for some additional cases
732f934408 t1300: add test for urlmatch with multiple wildcards
3fa0e04667 mailmap: add an additional email address for brian m. carlson
8a98758a8d stash push: support the --pathspec-from-file option
8c3713cede stash: eliminate crude option parsing
3f3d8068f5 doc: stash: synchronize <pathspec> description
b22909144c doc: stash: document more options
0093abc286 doc: stash: split options from description (2)
2b7460d167 doc: stash: split options from description (1)
5f393dc3aa rm: support the --pathspec-from-file option
fb1c18fc46 merge-recursive: fix the refresh logic in update_file_flags
73113c5922 t3433: new rebase testcase documenting a stat-dirty-like failure
6c69f22233 bisect: libify `bisect_next_all`
9ec598e0d5 bisect: libify `handle_bad_merge_base` and its dependents
45b6370812 bisect: libify `check_good_are_ancestors_of_bad` and its dependents
cdd4dc2d6a bisect: libify `check_merge_bases` and its dependents
e8e3ce6718 bisect: libify `bisect_checkout`
ce58b5d8b1 bisect: libify `exit_if_skipped_commits` to `error_if_skipped*` and its dependents
7613ec594a bisect--helper: return error codes from `cmd_bisect__helper()`
680e8a01e5 bisect: add enum to represent bisect returning codes
bfacfce7d9 bisect--helper: introduce new `decide_next()` function
b8e3b2f339 bisect: use the standard 'if (!var)' way to check for 0
292731c4c2 bisect--helper: change `retval` to `res`
16538bfd2c bisect--helper: convert `vocab_*` char pointers to char arrays
7ec8125fba check-ignore: fix documentation and implementation to match
2607d39da3 doc-diff: use single-colon rule in rendering Makefile
0aa6ce3094 doc/config/push: use longer "--" line for preformatted example
20a5fd881a rev-list --count: comment on the use of count_right++
63a58457e0 Merge branch 'py/missing-bracket'
51ebf55b93 The sixth batch for 2.26
f97741f6e9 Merge branch 'es/outside-repo-errmsg-hints'
123538444f Merge branch 'jk/doc-credential-helper'
e154451a2f Merge branch 'js/mingw-open-in-gdb'
fc25a19265 Merge branch 'js/test-unc-fetch'
6365058605 Merge branch 'js/test-avoid-pipe'
966b69f02f Merge branch 'js/test-write-junit-xml-fix'
d880c3de23 Merge branch 'jk/mailinfo-cleanup'
5d55554b1d Merge branch 'mr/show-config-scope'
9f3f38769d Merge branch 'rs/strbuf-insertstr'
cbecc168d4 Merge branch 'rs/parse-options-concat-dup'
5af345a438 Merge branch 'bc/hash-independent-tests-part-8'
0460c109c3 Merge branch 'rs/name-rev-memsave'
6b9919c0a2 git-gui: add missing close bracket
5897e5ac96 Merge branch 'cs/german-translation'
cf85a32eb6 git-gui: update German translation
5096e51c54 git-gui: extend translation glossary template with more terms
8b85bb1b70 git-gui: update pot template and German translation to current source code
e68e29171c Sync with 2.25.1
c522f061d5 Git 2.25.1
10cdb9f38a rebase: rename the two primary rebase backends
2ac0d6273f rebase: change the default backend from "am" to "merge"
8295ed690b rebase: make the backend configurable via config setting
76340c8107 rebase tests: repeat some tests using the merge backend instead of am
980b482d28 rebase tests: mark tests specific to the am-backend with --am
c2417d3af7 rebase: drop '-i' from the reflog for interactive-based rebases
6d04ce75c4 git-prompt: change the prompt for interactive-based rebases
52eb738d6b rebase: add an --am option
8af14f0859 rebase: move incompatibility checks between backend options a bit earlier
be50c938df git-rebase.txt: add more details about behavioral differences of backends
befb89ce7c rebase: allow more types of rebases to fast-forward
9a70f3d4ae t3432: make these tests work with either am or merge backends
93122c985a rebase: fix handling of restrict_revision
55d2b6d785 rebase: make sure to pass along the quiet flag to the sequencer
8a997ed132 rebase, sequencer: remove the broken GIT_QUIET handling
7db00f0b3b t3406: simplify an already simple test
e98c4269c8 rebase (interactive-backend): fix handling of commits that become empty
d48e5e21da rebase (interactive-backend): make --keep-empty the default
e0020b2f82 prefix_path: show gitdir when arg is outside repo
cc4f2eb828 doc: move credential helper info into gitcredentials(7)
bfdd66e72f Sync with maint
7ae7e234c7 The fifth batch for 2.26
53c3be2c29 Merge branch 'tb/commit-graph-object-dir'
7b029ebaef Merge branch 'jk/index-pack-dupfix'
aa21cc97bd Merge branch 'jk/alloc-cleanups'
883326077a Merge branch 'jh/notes-fanout-fix'
f2dcfcc21d Merge branch 'pk/status-of-uncloned-submodule'
78e67cda42 Merge branch 'mt/use-passed-repo-more-in-funcs'
df04a31617 Merge branch 'jk/diff-honor-wserrhighlight-in-plumbing'
433b8aac2e Merge branch 'ds/sparse-checkout-harden'
4a77434bc8 Merge branch 'ld/p4-cleanup-processes'
8fb3945037 Merge branch 'jt/connectivity-check-optim-in-partial-clone'
09e48400a3 Merge branch 'jk/get-oid-error-message-i18n'
4dbeecba27 Merge branch 'ag/edit-todo-drop-check'
f7f43afb19 Merge branch 'dl/test-must-fail-fixes-2'
d8b8d59054 Merge branch 'ag/rebase-avoid-unneeded-checkout'
251187084d Merge branch 'js/rebase-i-with-colliding-hash'
c9a33e5e5d Merge branch 'kw/fsmonitor-watchman-racefix'
56ceb64eb0 Merge branch 'mt/threaded-grep-in-object-store'
0da63da794 Merge branch 'jn/promote-proto2-to-default'
a14aebeac3 Merge branch 'jk/packfile-reuse-cleanup'
daef1b300b Merge branch 'hw/advice-add-nothing'
6141e0cc00 Merge branch 'js/convert-typofix' into maint
4e52c1ae27 Merge branch 'js/ci-squelch-doc-warning' into maint
5cee4ffff8 Merge branch 'jb/multi-pack-index-docfix' into maint
b907ca76f0 Merge branch 'ma/diff-doc-clarify-regexp-example' into maint
7137d6089b Merge branch 'ms/doc-bundle-format' into maint
52d620fdc6 Merge branch 'es/submodule-fetch-message-fix' into maint
0ecc7d62f4 Merge branch 'jb/parse-options-message-fix' into maint
1ea6edfd55 Merge branch 'ma/filter-branch-doc-caret' into maint
cfa25e197d Merge branch 'km/submodule-doc-use-sm-path' into maint
153a1b46f1 Merge branch 'pb/do-not-recurse-grep-no-index' into maint
8857657cc9 Merge branch 'jt/t5616-robustify' into maint
1f7609b520 Merge branch 'en/fill-directory-fixes-more' into maint
f468972671 Merge branch 'bc/misconception-doc' into maint
6e69042e26 Merge branch 'bc/author-committer-doc' into maint
650ed395be Merge branch 'ds/refmap-doc' into maint
80b806f1a8 Merge branch 'bc/actualmente' into maint
eceff4ba12 Merge branch 'rt/submodule-i18n' into maint
8a17eb7972 Merge branch 'jk/test-fixes' into maint
54bbadaeca Merge branch 'jk/asan-build-fix' into maint
8dbeba198e Merge branch 'ds/sparse-cone' into maint
e361f36f61 Merge branch 'nd/switch-and-restore' into maint
4a60c63a75 Merge branch 'jk/no-flush-upon-disconnecting-slrpc-transport' into maint
ad9c895463 Merge branch 'hw/tutorial-favor-switch-over-checkout' into maint
5ae057d9a8 Merge branch 'es/unpack-trees-oob-fix' into maint
c17cf77e4e Merge branch 'bc/run-command-nullness-after-free-fix' into maint
d0ebd645b1 Merge branch 'en/string-list-can-be-custom-sorted' into maint
9eddeaece1 Merge branch 'jt/sha1-file-remove-oi-skip-cached' into maint
3bba763373 Merge branch 'hw/commit-advise-while-rejecting' into maint
3ab3185f99 pack-objects: support filters with bitmaps
84243da129 pack-bitmap: implement BLOB_LIMIT filtering
4f3bd5606a pack-bitmap: implement BLOB_NONE filtering
cc4aa28506 bitmap: add bitmap_unset() function
2aaeb9ac41 rev-list: use bitmap filters for traversal
6663ae0a08 pack-bitmap: basic noop bitmap filter infrastructure
4eb707ebd6 rev-list: allow commit-only bitmap traversals
ea047a8eb4 t5310: factor out bitmap traversal comparison
608d9c9365 rev-list: allow bitmaps when counting objects
55cb10f9b5 rev-list: make --count work with --objects
792f811998 rev-list: factor out bitmap-optimized routines
d90fe06ea7 pack-bitmap: refuse to do a bitmap traversal with pathspecs
08809c09aa mingw: add a helper function to attach GDB to the current process
bfe2bbb47f t5580: test cloning without file://, test fetching via UNC paths
de26f02db1 t9001, t9116: avoid pipes
a2dc43414c MyFirstContribution: rephrase contact info
e03f928e2a rev-list: fallback to non-bitmap traversal when filtering
acac50dd8c pack-bitmap: fix leak of haves/wants object lists
551cf8b655 pack-bitmap: factor out type iterator initialization
d8437c57fa The fourth batch for 2.26
a3dcf84df0 Merge branch 'js/convert-typofix'
0de2d1409b Merge branch 'js/ci-squelch-doc-warning'
0410c2ba31 Merge branch 'jb/multi-pack-index-docfix'
0d114107f5 Merge branch 'ma/diff-doc-clarify-regexp-example'
e99c325bb4 Merge branch 'ms/doc-bundle-format'
afa34c5cf3 Merge branch 'es/submodule-fetch-message-fix'
db72f8c940 Merge branch 'jb/parse-options-message-fix'
3d2471ba85 Merge branch 'ma/filter-branch-doc-caret'
b2099ebb12 Merge branch 'km/submodule-doc-use-sm-path'
44cba9c4b3 Merge branch 'jc/skip-prefix'
556ccd4dd2 Merge branch 'pb/do-not-recurse-grep-no-index'
17e4a1b141 Merge branch 'hw/doc-git-dir'
4cf7f48891 Merge branch 'jk/push-default-doc'
b783391018 Merge branch 'jk/clang-sanitizer-fixes'
a74c387495 Merge branch 'dt/submodule-rm-with-stale-cache'
3f7553acf5 Merge branch 'jt/t5616-robustify'
341f8a6476 Merge branch 'jk/escaped-wildcard-dwim'
b486d2ee81 Merge branch 'jn/pretend-object-doc'
076ee3e8a2 tests: fix --write-junit-xml with subshells
2b0f19fa7a convert: fix typo
c444f032e4 color.c: alias RGB colors 8-15 to aixterm colors
1751b09a92 color.c: support bright aixterm colors
4a28eb0ae4 color.c: refactor color_output arguments
f696a2b1c8 mailinfo: factor out some repeated header handling
ffbea1816d mailinfo: be more liberal with header whitespace
f447d0293e mailinfo: simplify parsing of header values
b6537d83ee mailinfo: treat header values as C strings
ef07659926 sparse-checkout: work with Windows paths
2631dc879d sparse-checkout: create 'add' subcommand
4bf0c06c71 sparse-checkout: extract pattern update from 'set' subcommand
6fb705abcb sparse-checkout: extract add_patterns_from_input()
b3fd6cbf29 remote rename/remove: gently handle remote.pushDefault config
f2a2327a4a config: provide access to the current line number
923d4a5ca4 remote rename/remove: handle branch.<name>.pushRemote config values
ceff1a1308 remote: clean-up config callback
1a83068c26 remote: clean-up by returning early to avoid one indentation
88f8576eda pull --rebase/remote rename: document and honor single-letter abbreviations rebase types
145d59f482 config: add '--show-scope' to print the scope of a config value
9a83d088ee submodule-config: add subomdule config scope
e37efa40e1 config: teach git_config_source to remember its scope
5c105a842e config: preserve scope in do_git_config_sequence
6766e41b8a config: clarify meaning of command line scoping
6dc905d974 config: split repo scope to local and worktree
a5cb4204b6 config: make scope_name non-static and rename it
30183894ea ci: ignore rubygems warning in the "Documentation" job
7a9f8ca805 parse-options: simplify parse_options_dup()
c84078573e parse-options: const parse_options_concat() parameters
f904f9025f parse-options: factor out parse_options_count()
a277d0a67f parse-options: use COPY_ARRAY in parse_options_concat()
517b60564e mailinfo: don't insert header prefix for handle_content_type()
a91cc7fad0 strbuf: add and use strbuf_insertstr()
eb31044ff7 pack-format: correct multi-pack-index description
9299f84921 diff-options.txt: avoid "regex" overload in example
7378ec90e1 doc: describe Git bundle format
f3037657e8 t6024: update for SHA-256
edf04243b2 t6006: make hash size independent
5db24dcffd t6000: abstract away SHA-1-specific constants
d341e0805d t5703: make test work with SHA-256
88ed241a7e t5607: make hash size independent
48c10cc0e6 t5318: update for SHA-256
f7ae8e69b6 t5515: make test hash independent
e70649bb66 t5321: make test hash independent
a30f93b143 t5313: make test hash independent
a79eec220b t5309: make test hash independent
796d1383a3 t5302: make hash size independent
417e45e5e3 t4060: make test work with SHA-256
dfa5f53e78 t4211: add test cases for SHA-256
f743e8f5b3 t4211: move SHA-1-specific test cases into a directory
72f936b120 t4013: make test hash independent
5df0f11f07 t3311: make test work with SHA-256
07877f393c t3310: make test work with SHA-256
6025e898d6 t3309: make test work with SHA-256
7b1a1822fe t3308: make test work with SHA-256
94db7e3e93 t3206: make hash size independent
db12505c2c t/lib-pack: support SHA-256
303b3c1c46 submodule: add newline on invalid submodule error
887a0fd573 add: change advice config variables used by the add API
de93cc14ab The third batch for 2.26
ea46d9097b Merge branch 'mt/sparse-checkout-doc-update'
ff5134b2ff Merge branch 'pb/recurse-submodule-in-worktree-fix'
b5c71cc33d Merge branch 'es/fetch-show-failed-submodules-atend'
7ab963e122 Merge branch 'en/fill-directory-fixes-more'
f52ab33616 Merge branch 'bc/hash-independent-tests-part-7'
25794d6ce9 Merge branch 'km/submodule-add-errmsg'
d0e70cd32e Merge branch 'am/checkout-file-and-ref-ref-ambiguity'
76c57fedfa Merge branch 'js/add-p-leftover-bits'
9a5315edfd Merge branch 'js/patch-mode-in-others-in-c'
381e8e9de1 Merge branch 'dl/test-must-fail-fixes'
395518cf7a parse-options: lose an unnecessary space in an error message
079f970971 name-rev: sort tip names before applying
2d53975488 name-rev: release unused name strings
977dc1912b name-rev: generate name strings only if they are better
1c56fc2084 name-rev: pre-size buffer in get_parent_name()
ddc42ec786 name-rev: factor out get_parent_name()
f13ca7cef5 name-rev: put struct rev_name into commit slab
d689d6d82f name-rev: don't _peek() in create_or_update_name()
15a4205d96 name-rev: don't leak path copy in name_ref()
36d2419c9a name-rev: respect const qualifier
71620ca86c name-rev: remove unused typedef
3e2feb0d64 name-rev: rewrite create_or_update_name()
a21781011f index-pack: downgrade twice-resolved REF_DELTA to die()
dbc27477ff notes.c: fix off-by-one error when decreasing notes fanout
e1c5253951 t3305: check notes fanout more carefully and robustly
e469afe158 git-filter-branch.txt: wrap "maths" notation in backticks
a7df60cac8 commit-graph.h: use odb in 'load_commit_graph_one_fd_st'
ad2dd5bb63 commit-graph.c: remove path normalization, comparison
13c2499249 commit-graph.h: store object directory in 'struct commit_graph'
0bd52e27e3 commit-graph.h: store an odb in 'struct write_commit_graph_context'
f38c92452d t7400: testcase for submodule status on unregistered inner git repos
5290d45134 tree-walk.c: break circular dependency with unpack-trees
f998a3f1e5 sparse-checkout: fix cone mode behavior mismatch
d2e65f4c90 sparse-checkout: improve docs around 'set' in cone mode
e53ffe2704 sparse-checkout: escape all glob characters on write
e55682ea26 sparse-checkout: use C-style quotes in 'list' subcommand
bd64de42de sparse-checkout: unquote C-style strings over --stdin
d585f0e799 sparse-checkout: write escaped patterns in cone mode
4f52c2ce6c sparse-checkout: properly match escaped characters
9abc60f801 sparse-checkout: warn on globs in cone patterns
145136a95a C: use skip_prefix() to avoid hardcoded string length
04e5b3f0b4 submodule foreach: replace $path with $sm_path in example
1793280e91 t5318: don't pass non-object directory to '--object-dir'
da8063522f diff: move diff.wsErrorHighlight to "basic" config
b98d188581 sha1-file: allow check_object_signature() to handle any repo
2dcde20e1c sha1-file: pass git_hash_algo to hash_object_file()
7ad5c44d9c sha1-file: pass git_hash_algo to write_object_file_prepare()
c8123e72f6 streaming: allow open_istream() to handle any repo
5ec9b8accd pack-check: use given repo's hash_algo at verify_packfile()
a651946730 cache-tree: use given repo's hash_algo at verify_one()
eb999b3295 diff: make diff_populate_filespec() honor its repo argument
5b0ca878e0 Sync with maint
344ee18728 The second batch
53a83299c7 Merge branch 'bc/misconception-doc'
c9ccf9d09b Merge branch 'bc/author-committer-doc'
0d0fa20c40 Merge branch 'ss/t6025-modernize'
7050624abc Merge branch 'lh/bool-to-type-bool'
4b69f29271 Merge branch 'ds/refmap-doc'
aff812ce3c Merge branch 'bc/actualmente'
38fb56e92a Merge branch 'rt/submodule-i18n'
f0940743fa Merge branch 'js/builtin-add-i-cmds'
0afeb3fdf4 Merge branch 'jk/test-fixes'
808dab2b58 Merge branch 'jk/asan-build-fix'
fec1ff97c2 Merge branch 'sg/completion-worktree'
c7372c9e2c Merge branch 'jn/test-lint-one-shot-export-to-shell-function'
11ad30b887 Merge branch 'hi/gpg-mintrustlevel'
96aef8f684 Merge branch 'am/test-pathspec-f-f-error-cases'
d52adee779 Merge branch 'ds/graph-horizontal-edges'
6909474491 Merge branch 'am/update-pathspec-f-f-tests'
043426c8fd Merge branch 'ds/sparse-cone'
34246a1a3c Merge branch 'hi/indent-text-with-tabs-in-editorconfig'
8dd40c0472 traverse_trees(): use stack array for name entries
667b76ec58 walker_fetch(): avoid raw array length computation
9734b74a8f normalize_path_copy(): document "dst" size expectations
43f33e492a git-p4: avoid leak of file handle when cloning
19fa5ac333 git-p4: check for access to remote host earlier
6026aff5bb git-p4: cleanup better on error exit
ca5b5cce62 git-p4: create helper function importRevisions()
4c1d58675d git-p4: disable some pylint warnings, to get pylint output to something manageable
5c3d5020e6 git-p4: add P4CommandException to report errors talking to Perforce
837b3a6376 git-p4: make closeStreams() idempotent
b0418303b1 sha1-name: mark get_oid() error messages for translation
2df1aa239c fetch: forgo full connectivity check if --filter
50033772d5 connected: verify promisor-ness of partial clone
d82ad54945 git: update documentation for --git-dir
0ad7144999 .mailmap: map Yi-Jyun Pan's email
c56c48dd07 grep: ignore --recurse-submodules if --no-index is given
8b2a1928f0 doc: drop "explicitly given" from push.default description
cf82bff73f obstack: avoid computing offsets from NULL pointer
3cd309c16f xdiff: avoid computing non-zero offset from NULL pointer
d20bc01a51 avoid computing zero offsets from NULL pointer
7edee32985 git rm submodule: succeed if .gitmodules index stat info is zero
bc3f657f71 t1506: drop space after redirection operator
e5d7b2f65c t1400: avoid "test" string comparisons
5a5445d878 rebase-interactive: warn if commit is dropped with `rebase --edit-todo'
1da5874c1b sequencer: move check_todo_list_from_file() to rebase-interactive.c
c7a6207591 Sync with maint
7210ca4ee5 .mailmap: fix GGG authoship screwup
37a63faae5 t4124: only mark git command with test_must_fail
a8c663cf65 t3507: use test_path_is_missing()
2def7f017c t3507: fix indentation
e8a1c686ae t3504: do check for conflict marker after failed cherry-pick
1c9fd32fd2 t3419: stop losing return code of git command
c232ffa83c t3415: increase granularity of test_auto_{fixup,squash}()
a781cd6fef t3415: stop losing return codes of git commands
86ce6e0dd1 t3310: extract common notes_merge_files_gone()
245b9ba0ba t3030: use test_path_is_missing()
4a6f11fd7b t2018: replace "sha" with "oid"
62e80fcb48 t2018: don't lose return code of git commands
30c0367668 t2018: teach do_checkout() to accept `!` arg
40caa5366a t2018: be more discerning when checking for expected exit codes
b54128bb0b t5616: make robust to delta base change
4c616c2ba1 merge-recursive: use subtraction to flip stage
ee798742bd merge-recursive: silence -Wxor-used-as-pow warning
39e21c6ef5 verify_filename(): handle backslashes in "wildcards are pathspecs" rule
a0ba80001a .mailmap: fix erroneous authorship for Johannes Schindelin
3b2885ec9b submodule: fix status of initialized but not cloned submodules
ace912bfb8 t7400: add a testcase for submodule status on empty dirs
4bb4fd4290 MyFirstContribution: add avenues for getting help
9e6d3e6417 sparse-checkout: detect short patterns
41de0c6fbc sparse-checkout: cone mode does not recognize "**"
7aa9ef2fca sparse-checkout: fix documentation typo for core.sparseCheckoutCone
47dbf10d8a clone: fix --sparse option with URLs
3c754067a1 sparse-checkout: create leading directories
d622c34396 t1091: improve here-docs
522e641748 t1091: use check_files to reduce boilerplate
417be08d02 t1300: create custom config file without special characters
3de7ee369b t1300: fix over-indented HERE-DOCs
329e6ec397 config: fix typo in variable name
767a9c417e rebase -i: stop checking out the tip of the branch to rebase
dfaed02862 fsmonitor: update documentation for hook version and watchman hooks
e4e1e8342a fsmonitor: add fsmonitor hook scripts for version 2
d031049da3 completion: add support for sparse-checkout
a402723e48 doc: sparse-checkout: mention --cone option
26027625dd rebase -i: also avoid SHA-1 collisions with missingCommitsCheck
b6992261de rebase -i: re-fix short SHA-1 collision
d859dcad94 parse_insn_line(): improve error message when parsing failed
d2ea031046 pack-bitmap: don't rely on bitmap_git->reuse_objects
92fb0db94c pack-objects: add checks for duplicate objects
bb514de356 pack-objects: improve partial packfile reuse
ff483026a9 builtin/pack-objects: introduce obj_is_packed()
e704fc7978 pack-objects: introduce pack.allowPackReuse
2f4af77699 csum-file: introduce hashfile_total()
8ebf529661 pack-bitmap: simplify bitmap_has_oid_in_uninteresting()
59b2829ec5 pack-bitmap: uninteresting oid can be outside bitmapped packfile
40d18ff8c6 pack-bitmap: introduce bitmap_walk_contains()
14fbd26044 ewah/bitmap: introduce bitmap_word_alloc()
bc7a3d4dc0 The first batch post 2.25 cycle
09e393d913 Merge branch 'nd/switch-and-restore'
45f47ff01d Merge branch 'jk/no-flush-upon-disconnecting-slrpc-transport'
0f501545a3 Merge branch 'hw/tutorial-favor-switch-over-checkout'
36da2a8635 Merge branch 'es/unpack-trees-oob-fix'
42096c778d Merge branch 'bc/run-command-nullness-after-free-fix'
1f10b84e43 Merge branch 'en/string-list-can-be-custom-sorted'
a3648c02a2 Merge branch 'en/simplify-check-updates-in-unpack-trees'
e26bd14c8d Merge branch 'jt/sha1-file-remove-oi-skip-cached'
9403e5dcdd Merge branch 'hw/commit-advise-while-rejecting'
237a83a943 Merge branch 'dl/credential-netrc'
a9472afb63 submodule.c: use get_git_dir() instead of get_git_common_dir()
129510a067 t2405: clarify test descriptions and simplify test
4eaadc8493 t2405: use git -C and test_commit -C instead of subshells
773c60a45e t7410: rename to t2405-worktree-submodule.sh
7a2dc95cbc docs: mention when increasing http.postBuffer is valuable
1b13e9032f doc: dissuade users from trying to ignore tracked files
69e104d70e doc: provide guidance on user.name format
813f6025a5 docs: expand on possible and recommended user config options
bc94e5862a doc: move author and committer information to git-commit(1)
7979dfe1d4 l10n: Update Catalan translation
81e3db42f3 templates: fix deprecated type option `--bool`
c513a958b6 t6025: use helpers to replace test -f <path>
70789843bd t6025: modernize style
6a7aca6f01 doc: rm: synchronize <pathspec> description
856249c62a docs: use "currently" for the present time
b40a50264a fetch: document and test --refmap=""
a9ae8fde2e t3404: directly test the behavior of interest
22a69fda19 git-rebase.txt: update description of --allow-empty-message
f1928f04b2 grep: use no. of cores as the default no. of threads
70a9fef240 grep: move driver pre-load out of critical section
1184a95ea2 grep: re-enable threads in non-worktree case
6c307626f1 grep: protect packed_git [re-]initialization
c441ea4edc grep: allow submodule functions to run in parallel
d7992421e1 submodule-config: add skip_if_read option to repo_read_gitmodules()
1d1729caeb grep: replace grep_read_mutex by internal obj read lock
31877c9aec object-store: allow threaded access to object reading
b1fc9da1c8 replace-object: make replace operations thread-safe
d5b0bac528 grep: fix racy calls in grep_objects()
faf123c730 grep: fix race conditions at grep_submodule()
c3a5bb31c1 grep: fix race conditions on userdiff calls
0222540827 fetch: emphasize failure during submodule fetch
232378479e Sync with maint
e4837b4406 t7800: don't rely on reuse_worktree_file()
fbce03d329 t4018: drop "debugging" cat from hunk-header tests
f65d07fffa Makefile: use compat regex with SANITIZE=address
849e43cc18 built-in add -i: accept open-ended ranges again
d660a30ceb built-in add -i: do not try to `patch`/`diff` an empty list of files
a4ffbbbb99 submodule.c: mark more strings for translation
0cbb60574e dir: point treat_leading_path() warning to the right place
ad6f2157f9 dir: restructure in a way to avoid passing around a struct dirent
22705334b9 dir: treat_leading_path() and read_directory_recursive(), round 2
f365bf40a0 clean: demonstrate a bug with pathspecs
b6d4d82bd5 msvc: accommodate for vcpkg's upgrade to OpenSSL v1.1.x
277eb5af7c t5604: make hash independent
44b6c05b43 t5601: switch into repository to hash object
7a868c51c2 t5562: use $ZERO_OID
1b8f39fb0d t5540: make hash size independent
a8c17e3bd6 t5537: make hash size independent
832072219c t5530: compute results based on object length
74ad99b1d8 t5512: abstract away SHA-1-specific constants
ba1be1ab45 t5510: make hash size independent
cba472d3ad t5504: make hash algorithm independent
82d5aeb1e6 t5324: make hash size independent
3c5e65cac1 t5319: make test work with SHA-256
235d3cddb8 t5319: change invalid offset for SHA-256 compatibility
1d86c8f0ce t5318: update for SHA-256
525a7f1769 t4300: abstract away SHA-1-specific constants
7a1bcb251b t4204: make hash size independent
cb78f4f0fe t4202: abstract away SHA-1-specific constants
717c939d8f t4200: make hash size independent
08a9dd891c t4134: compute appropriate length constant
215b60bf07 t4066: compute index line in diffs
194264c185 t4054: make hash-size independent
7d5ecd775d completion: list paths and refs for 'git worktree add'
3027e4f9a8 completion: list existing working trees for 'git worktree' subcommands
3c86f6cde8 completion: simplify completing 'git worktree' subcommands and options
367efd54b3 completion: return the index of found word from __git_find_on_cmdline()
d447fe2bfe completion: clean up the __git_find_on_cmdline() helper function
2712e91564 t9902-completion: add tests for the __git_find_on_cmdline() helper
54887b4689 gpg-interface: add minTrustLevel as a configuration option
684ceae32d fetch: default to protocol version 2
33166f3a1f protocol test: let protocol.version override GIT_TEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION
8a1b0978ab test: request GIT_TEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION=0 when appropriate
b9ab170752 config doc: protocol.version is not experimental
07ef3c6604 fetch test: use more robust test for filtered objects
d6509da620 fetch test: mark test of "skipping" haves as v0-only
a7fbf12f2f t/check-non-portable-shell: detect "FOO= shell_func", too
c7973f249e fetch test: avoid use of "VAR= cmd" with a shell function
bf66db37f1 add: use advise function to display hints
c958d3bd0a graph: fix collapse of multiple edges
8588932e20 graph: add test to demonstrate horizontal line bug
d0d0a357a1 t: directly test parse_pathspec_file()
568cabb2fe t: fix quotes tests for --pathspec-from-file
f94f7bd00d t: add tests for error conditions with --pathspec-from-file
b2627cc3d4 ci: include the built-in `git add -i` in the `linux-gcc` job
12acdf573a built-in add -p: handle Escape sequences more efficiently
e118f06396 built-in add -p: handle Escape sequences in interactive.singlekey mode
04f816b125 built-in add -p: respect the `interactive.singlekey` config setting
a5e46e6b01 terminal: add a new function to read a single keystroke
9ea416cb51 terminal: accommodate Git for Windows' default terminal
94ac3c31f7 terminal: make the code of disable_echo() reusable
08b1ea4c39 built-in add -p: handle diff.algorithm
180f48df69 built-in add -p: support interactive.diffFilter
1e4ffc765d t3701: adjust difffilter test
c81638541c submodule add: show 'add --dry-run' stderr when aborting
8da2c57629 fsmonitor: handle version 2 of the hooks that will use opaque token
56c6910028 fsmonitor: change last update timestamp on the index_state to opaque token
d0654dc308 Git 2.25
b4615e40a8 Merge tag 'l10n-2.25.0-rnd1' of git://github.com/git-l10n/git-po
4d924528d8 Revert "Merge branch 'ra/rebase-i-more-options'"
ddc12c429b l10n: zh_CN: for git v2.25.0 l10n round 1
e23b95e75b Merge branch 'master' of github.com:Softcatala/git-po into git-po-master
1cf4836865 Merge branch 'js/mingw-loosen-overstrict-tree-entry-checks'
d78a1968c5 Merge branch 'ma/config-advice-markup-fix'
a20ae3ee29 l10n: Update Catalan translation
49e268e23e mingw: safeguard better against backslashes in file names
4c6c7971e0 unpack-trees: correctly compute result count
63a5650a49 l10n: de.po: Update German translation v2.25.0 round 1
75449c1b39 l10n: de.po: Reword generation numbers
6b6a9803fb l10n: bg.po: Updated Bulgarian translation (4800t)
3901d2c6bd config/advice.txt: fix description list separator
7a6a90c6ec Git 2.25-rc2
1f5f3ffe5c Merge branch 'ds/graph-assert-fix'
a4e4140ac9 Merge branch 'tm/doc-submodule-absorb-fix'
202f68b252 Merge branch 'pm/am-in-body-header-doc-update'
7e65f8638e Merge branch 'jb/doc-multi-pack-idx-fix'
c5dc20638b Merge branch 'do/gitweb-typofix-in-comments'
fe47c9cb5f Merge https://github.com/prati0100/git-gui
a1087c9367 graph: fix lack of color in horizontal lines
0d251c3291 graph: drop assert() for merge with two collapsing parents
4d8cab95cc transport: don't flush when disconnecting stateless-rpc helper
573117dfa5 unpack-trees: watch for out-of-range index position
e701bab3e9 restore: invalidate cache-tree when removing entries with --staged
1a7e454dd6 doc/gitcore-tutorial: fix prose to match example command
fa74180d08 checkout: don't revert file on ambiguous tracking branches
2957709bd4 parse_branchname_arg(): extract part as new function
5020f6806a t2018: improve style of if-statement
7ffb54618b t2018: add space between function name and ()
63ab08fb99 run-command: avoid undefined behavior in exists_in_PATH
065027ee1a string-list: note in docs that callers can specify sorting function
26f924d50e unpack-trees: exit check_updates() early if updates are not wanted
042ed3e048 The final batch before -rc2
0f1930cd1b Merge branch 'ds/sparse-cone'
037f067587 Merge branch 'ds/commit-graph-set-size-mult'
f25f04edca Merge branch 'en/merge-recursive-oid-eq-simplify'
c20d4fd44a Merge branch 'ds/sparse-list-in-cone-mode'
a578ef9e63 Merge branch 'js/mingw-loosen-overstrict-tree-entry-checks'
c4117fcb97 Merge branch 'pb/clarify-line-log-doc'
556f0258df Merge branch 'ew/packfile-syscall-optim'
5814d44d9b doc: submodule: fix typo for command absorbgitdirs
7047f75f22 editorconfig: indent text files with tabs
60440d72db sha1-file: document how to use pretend_object_file
7fdc5f296f l10n: es: 2.25.0 round #1
f8740c586b am: document that Date: can appear as an in-body header
4e2c4c0d4f gitweb: fix a couple spelling errors in comments
421c0ffb02 multi-pack-index: correct configuration in documentation
757ff352bd Documentation/git-sparse-checkout.txt: fix a typo
0d2116c644 Merge branch 'zs/open-current-file'
9d48668cd5 l10n: sv.po: Update Swedish translation (4800t0f0u)
3a05aacddd Merge branch 'fr_v2.25.0_rnd1' of github.com:jnavila/git into master
4c5081614c l10n: fr.po v2.25.0 rnd 1
5bb457409c l10n: vi(4800t): Updated Vietnamese translation v2.25.0
63020f175f commit-graph: prefer default size_mult when given zero
224c7d70fa mingw: only test index entries for backslashes, not tree entries
9c8a294a1a sha1-file: remove OBJECT_INFO_SKIP_CACHED
8679ef24ed Git 2.25-rc1
a82027e9e6 Merge branch 'js/use-test-tool-on-path'
13432fc6dd Merge branch 'js/mingw-reserved-filenames'
e0e1ac5db0 Merge branch 'en/rebase-signoff-fix'
b76a244c9d Merge branch 'em/freebsd-cirrus-ci'
bc855232bc Merge branch 'bk/p4-misc-usability'
763a59e71c merge-recursive: remove unnecessary oid_eq function
44143583b7 sparse-checkout: use extern for global variables
d6a6263f5f Merge branch 'translation_191231' of github.com:l10n-tw/git-po into git-po-master
13185fd241 l10n: zh_TW.po: update translation for v2.25.0 round 1
786f4d2405 git-gui: allow opening currently selected file in default app
4fd683b6a3 sparse-checkout: document interactions with submodules
de11951b03 sparse-checkout: list directories in cone mode
0d3ce942b0 l10n: it.po: update the Italian translation for Git 2.25.0
578c793731 l10n: git.pot: v2.25.0 round 1 (119 new, 13 removed)
173fff68da Merge tag 'v2.25.0-rc0' into git-po-master
f1842ff531 t2018: remove trailing space from test description
20a67e8ce9 t3008: find test-tool through path lookup
9e341f62ca l10n: Update Catalan translation
4e61b2214d packfile: replace lseek+read with pread
ace0f86c7f doc: log, gitk: line-log arguments must exist in starting revision
2be45868a8 doc: log, gitk: document accepted line-log diff formats
280738c36e packfile: remove redundant fcntl F_GETFD/F_SETFD
0a76bd7381 mailmap: mask accentless variant for Công Danh
99c33bed56 Git 2.25-rc0
d2189a721c Merge branch 'en/fill-directory-fixes'
8be0a428d6 Merge branch 'rs/test-cleanup'
65099bd775 Merge branch 'mr/bisect-save-pointer-to-const-string'
c0c6a74594 Merge branch 'rs/xdiff-ignore-ws-w-func-context'
45b96a6fa1 Merge branch 'js/add-p-in-c'
ccc292e862 Merge branch 'jc/drop-gen-hdrs'
dfee504bee Merge branch 'ja/doc-markup-cleanup'
87cbb1ca66 Merge branch 'rs/ref-read-cleanup'
20aa6d88b7 Merge branch 'rb/p4-lfs'
fcd5b55f56 Merge branch 'pb/submodule-doc-xref'
4bfc9ccfb6 Merge branch 'mr/bisect-use-after-free'
ba6b66281e Merge branch 'ln/userdiff-elixir'
bd72a08d6c Merge branch 'ds/sparse-cone'
f3c520e17f Merge branch 'sg/name-rev-wo-recursion'
6514ad40a1 Merge branch 'ra/t5150-depends-on-perl'
17066bea38 Merge branch 'dl/format-patch-notes-config-fixup'
135365dd99 Merge branch 'am/pathspec-f-f-checkout'
ff0cb70d45 Merge branch 'am/pathspec-from-file'
4dc42c6c18 mingw: refuse paths containing reserved names
98d9b23e90 mingw: short-circuit the conversion of `/dev/null` to UTF-16
c480eeb574 commit --interactive: make it work with the built-in `add -i`
cee6cb7300 built-in add -p: implement the "worktree" patch modes
52628f94fc built-in add -p: implement the "checkout" patch modes
6610e4628a built-in stash: use the built-in `git add -p` if so configured
90a6bb98d1 legacy stash -p: respect the add.interactive.usebuiltin setting
36bae1dc0e built-in add -p: implement the "stash" and "reset" patch modes
d2a233cb8b built-in add -p: prepare for patch modes other than "stage"
761e3d26bb sparse-checkout: improve OS ls compatibility
6579d93a97 contrib/credential/netrc: work outside a repo
1c78c78d25 contrib/credential/netrc: make PERL_PATH configurable
b5a9d7afcd CI: add FreeBSD CI support via Cirrus-CI
b441717256 t1507: inline full_name()
9291e6329e t1507: run commands within test_expect_success
5236fce6b4 t1507: stop losing return codes of git commands
10812c2337 t1501: remove use of `test_might_fail cp`
62d58cda69 t1409: use test_path_is_missing()
b87b02cfe6 t1409: let sed open its own input file
9b92070e52 t1307: reorder `nongit test_must_fail`
3595d10c26 t1306: convert `test_might_fail rm` to `rm -f`
f511bc02ed t0020: use ! check_packed_refs_marked
f6041abdcd t0020: don't use `test_must_fail has_cr`
f46c243e66 t0003: don't use `test_must_fail attr_check`
99c049bc4c t0003: use test_must_be_empty()
3738439c77 t0003: use named parameters in attr_check()
7717242014 t0000: replace test_must_fail with run_sub_test_lib_test_err()
b8afb908c2 t/lib-git-p4: use test_path_is_missing()
4fe7e43c53 rebase: fix saving of --signoff state for am-based rebases
6836d2fe06 dir.c: use st_add3() for allocation size
c847dfafee dir: consolidate similar code in treat_directory()
777b420347 dir: synchronize treat_leading_path() and read_directory_recursive()
b9670c1f5e dir: fix checks on common prefix directory
5c4f55f1f6 commit: honor advice.statusHints when rejecting an empty commit
23cbe427c4 Merge branch 'py/console-close-esc'
124a895811 t4015: improve coverage of function context test
509efef789 commit: forbid --pathspec-from-file --all
12029dc57d t3434: mark successful test as such
e0f9095aaa notes.h: fix typos in comment
675ef6bab8 t6030: don't create unused file
01ed17dc8c t5580: don't create unused file
f670adb49b t3501: don't create unused file
1e1ccbfdd3 git-gui: allow closing console window with Escape
7c5cea7242 bisect--helper: convert `*_warning` char pointers to char arrays.
b02fd2acca The sixth batch
59d0b3be45 Merge branch 'rs/patch-id-use-oid-to-hex'
e3b72391d1 Merge branch 'rs/commit-export-env-simplify'
43bf44e23a Merge branch 'rs/archive-zip-code-cleanup'
4438a1a59f Merge branch 'js/t3404-indent-fix'
3a44db2ed2 Merge branch 'dr/branch-usage-casefix'
8bc481f4f6 Merge branch 'sg/t9300-robustify'
011fc2e88e Merge branch 'js/add-i-a-bit-more-tests'
d1c0fe8d9b Merge branch 'dl/range-diff-with-notes'
26c816a67d Merge branch 'hw/doc-in-header'
f0070a7df9 Merge branch 'rs/xdiff-ignore-ws-w-func-context'
71a7de7a99 Merge branch 'dl/rebase-with-autobase'
c9f5fc9114 Merge branch 'dl/test-cleanup'
6d831b8a3e Merge branch 'cs/store-packfiles-in-hashmap'
3beff388b2 Merge branch 'js/builtin-add-i-cmds'
4755a34c47 Merge branch 'dd/time-reentrancy'
37c2619d91 Merge branch 'ag/sequencer-todo-updates'
608e380502 git-p4: show detailed help when parsing options fail
e2aed5fd5b git-p4: yes/no prompts should sanitize user text
571fb96573 fix-typo: consecutive-word duplications
f371984613 Makefile: drop GEN_HDRS
2e4083198d built-in add -p: show helpful hint when nothing can be staged
54d9d9b2ee built-in add -p: only show the applicable parts of the help text
ade246efed built-in add -p: implement the 'q' ("quit") command
d6cf873340 built-in add -p: implement the '/' ("search regex") command
9254bdfb4f built-in add -p: implement the 'g' ("goto") command
bcdd297b78 built-in add -p: implement hunk editing
b38dd9e715 strbuf: add a helper function to call the editor "on an strbuf"
11f2c0dae8 built-in add -p: coalesce hunks after splitting them
510aeca199 built-in add -p: implement the hunk splitting feature
0ecd9d27fc built-in add -p: show different prompts for mode changes and deletions
5906d5de77 built-in app -p: allow selecting a mode change as a "hunk"
47dc4fd5eb built-in add -p: handle deleted empty files
80399aec5a built-in add -p: support multi-file diffs
7584dd3c66 built-in add -p: offer a helpful error message when hunk navigation failed
12c24cf850 built-in add -p: color the prompt and the help text
25ea47af49 built-in add -p: adjust hunk headers as needed
e3bd11b4eb built-in add -p: show colored hunks by default
1942ee44e8 built-in add -i: wire up the new C code for the `patch` command
f6aa7ecc34 built-in add -i: start implementing the `patch` functionality in C
d1b1384d61 userdiff: remove empty subexpression from elixir regex
df5be01669 doc: indent multi-line items in list
fd5041e127 doc: remove non pure ASCII characters
190a65f9db sparse-checkout: respect core.ignoreCase in cone mode
1d7297513d notes: break set_display_notes() into smaller functions
66f79ee23d config/format.txt: clarify behavior of multiple format.notes
cc2bd5c45d gitmodules: link to gitsubmodules guide
99f86bde83 remote: pass NULL to read_ref_full() because object ID is not needed
e0ae2447d6 refs: pass NULL to refs_read_ref_full() because object ID is not needed
8c02fe6060 t7004: don't create unused file
cb05d6a5ed t4256: don't create unused file
c5c4eddd56 dir: break part of read_directory_recursive() out for reuse
072a231016 dir: exit before wildcard fall-through if there is no wildcard
2f5d3847d4 dir: remove stray quote character in comment
a2b13367fe Revert "dir.c: make 'git-status --ignored' work within leading directories"
452efd11fb t3011: demonstrate directory traversal failures
ea94b16fb8 git-p4: honor lfs.storage configuration variable
51a0a4ed95 bisect--helper: avoid use-after-free
d32e065a91 Merge branch 'kk/branch-name-encoding'
ad05a3d8e5 The fifth batch
7cc5f89088 Merge branch 'ag/sequencer-continue-leakfix'
b089e5e6cb Merge branch 'em/test-skip-regex-illseq'
930078ba39 Merge branch 'hi/gpg-use-check-signature'
08d2f46d0c Merge branch 'bc/t9001-zsh-in-posix-emulation-mode'
7aba2b7fd6 Merge branch 'sg/test-squelch-noise-in-commit-bulk'
55c37d12d3 Merge branch 'jk/perf-wo-git-dot-pm'
41dac79c2f Merge branch 'ds/commit-graph-delay-gen-progress'
5dd1d59d35 Merge branch 'jt/clone-recursesub-ref-advise'
dac30e7b5d Merge branch 'as/t7812-missing-redirects-fix'
d37cfe3b5c Merge branch 'dl/pretty-reference'
99c4ff1bda Merge branch 'dl/submodule-set-url'
55d607d85b Merge branch 'js/mingw-inherit-only-std-handles'
c58ae96fc4 Merge branch 'am/pathspec-from-file'
7c88714262 Merge branch 'po/bundle-doc-clonable'
5d9324e0f4 Merge branch 'ra/rebase-i-more-options'
7034cd094b Sync with Git 2.24.1
09ac67a183 format-patch: move git_config() before repo_init_revisions()
8164c961e1 format-patch: use --notes behavior for format.notes
452538c358 notes: extract logic into set_display_notes()
e6e230eeae notes: create init_display_notes() helper
1e6ed5441a notes: rename to load_display_notes()
2866fd284c name-rev: cleanup name_ref()
49f7a2fde9 name-rev: eliminate recursion in name_rev()
fee984bcab name-rev: use 'name->tip_name' instead of 'tip_name'
e05e8cf074 archive-zip: use enum for compression method
39acfa3d22 git gui: fix branch name encoding error
11de8dd7ef l10n: minor case fix in 'git branch' '--unset-upstream' description
8cf8f9b4aa t3404: fix indentation
4507ecc771 patch-id: use oid_to_hex() to print multiple object IDs
147ee35558 commit: use strbuf_add() to add a length-limited string
559c6fc317 The fourth batch
56e6c16394 Merge branch 'dl/lore-is-the-archive'
3b3d9ea6a8 Merge branch 'jk/lore-is-the-archive'
7cb0d37f6d Merge branch 'tg/perf-remove-stale-result'
403ac1381c Merge branch 'jk/send-pack-check-negative-with-quick'
f0cf2fee5d Merge branch 'hi/grep-do-not-return-void'
391fb22ac7 Merge branch 'rs/use-skip-prefix-more'
92b52e1bd6 Merge branch 'rs/simplify-prepare-cmd'
4ba74ca901 Merge branch 'rs/test-cleanup'
f233c9f455 Merge branch 'sg/assume-no-todo-update-in-cherry-pick'
ef3ce7c4b9 Merge branch 'sg/osx-force-gcc-9'
8c5724c585 name-rev: drop name_rev()'s 'generation' and 'distance' parameters
3a52150301 name-rev: restructure creating/updating 'struct rev_name' instances
dd432a6ecf name-rev: restructure parsing commits and applying date cutoff
dd090a8a37 name-rev: pull out deref handling from the recursion
766f9e39c0 name-rev: extract creating/updating a 'struct name_rev' into a helper
d59fc83697 t6120: add a test to cover inner conditions in 'git name-rev's name_rev()
bf43abc6e6 name-rev: use sizeof(*ptr) instead of sizeof(type) in allocation
e0c4da6f2a name-rev: avoid unnecessary cast in name_ref()
c3794d4ccb name-rev: use strbuf_strip_suffix() in get_rev_name()
c593a26348 t6120-describe: modernize the 'check_describe' helper
abcf857300 range-diff: clear `other_arg` at end of function
f8675343d7 range-diff: mark pointers as const
828765dfe0 t3206: fix incorrect test name
0d9b0d7885 t9300-fast-import: don't hang if background fast-import exits too early
21f57620b2 t9300-fast-import: store the PID in a variable instead of pidfile
b4bbbbd5a2 apply --allow-overlap: fix a corner case
89c8559367 git add -p: use non-zero exit code when the diff generation failed
e91162be9c t3701: verify that the diff.algorithm config setting is handled
0c3222c4f3 t3701: verify the shown messages when nothing can be added
24be352d52 t3701: add a test for the different `add -p` prompts
8539b46534 t3701: avoid depending on the TTY prerequisite
0f0fba2cc8 t3701: add a test for advanced split-hunk editing
53a06cf39b Git 2.24.1
67af91c47a Sync with 2.23.1
a7312d1a28 Git 2.23.1
7fd9fd94fb Sync with 2.22.2
d9589d4051 Git 2.22.2
5421ddd8d0 Sync with 2.21.1
367f12b7e9 Git 2.21.1
20c71bcf67 Merge branch 'fix-msys2-quoting-bugs'
7d8b676992 mingw: sh arguments need quoting in more circumstances
d9061ed9da t7415: drop v2.20.x-specific work-around
04522edbd4 mingw: fix quoting of empty arguments for `sh`
49f7a76d57 mingw: use MSYS2 quoting even when spawning shell scripts
e2ba3d6f6d mingw: detect when MSYS2's sh is to be spawned more robustly
fc346cb292 Sync with 2.20.2
4cd1cf31ef Git 2.20.2
c154745074 submodule: defend against submodule.update = !command in .gitmodules
4cfc47de25 t7415: adjust test for dubiously-nested submodule gitdirs for v2.20.x
d851d94151 Sync with 2.19.3
caccc527ca Git 2.19.3
7c9fbda6e2 Sync with 2.18.2
9877106b01 Git 2.18.2
14af7ed5a9 Sync with 2.17.3
a5ab8d0317 Git 2.17.3
bb92255ebe fsck: reject submodule.update = !command in .gitmodules
bdfef0492c Sync with 2.16.6
eb288bc455 Git 2.16.6
68440496c7 test-drop-caches: use `has_dos_drive_prefix()`
9ac92fed5b Sync with 2.15.4
7cdafcaacf Git 2.15.4
e904deb89d submodule: reject submodule.update = !command in .gitmodules
d3ac8c3f27 Sync with 2.14.6
66d2a6159f Git 2.14.6
083378cc35 The third batch
88bd37a2d0 Merge branch 'js/pkt-line-h-typofix'
473b431410 Merge branch 'us/unpack-trees-fsmonitor'
e0f9ec9027 Merge branch 'sg/test-bool-env'
fd952307ec Merge branch 'mh/clear-topo-walk-upon-reset'
e547e5a89e Merge branch 'hv/assume-priumax-is-available-anywhere'
88cf80949e Merge branch 'mg/submodule-status-from-a-subdirectory'
8feb47e882 Merge branch 'dl/t5520-cleanup'
6b3cb32f43 Merge branch 'nl/reset-patch-takes-a-tree'
57d46bc602 Merge branch 'mg/doc-submodule-status-cached'
75bd003c7b Merge branch 'js/git-svn-use-rebase-merges'
f06dff7b7c Merge branch 'hi/gpg-optional-pkfp-fix'
c9208597a9 Merge branch 'pw/sequencer-compare-with-right-parent-to-check-empty-commits'
36fd304d81 Merge branch 'jk/fail-show-toplevel-outside-working-tree'
cf91c31688 Merge branch 'sg/unpack-progress-throughput'
ef6104581d Merge branch 'pb/submodule-update-fetches'
7fd7a8ab29 Merge branch 'jc/azure-ci-osx-fix-fix'
f3c7bfdde2 Merge branch 'dl/range-diff-with-notes'
9502b616f1 Merge branch 'jh/userdiff-python-async'
76c68246c6 Merge branch 'ec/fetch-mark-common-refs-trace2'
995b1b1411 Merge branch 'dd/rebase-merge-reserves-onto-label'
f7998d9793 Merge branch 'js/builtin-add-i'
917d0d6234 Merge branch 'js/rebase-r-safer-label'
56d3ce82b0 Merge branch 'ep/guard-kset-tar-headers'
2763530048 Merge branch 'jg/revert-untracked'
fa38ab68b0 git-gui: revert untracked files by deleting them
d9c6469f38 git-gui: update status bar to track operations
29a9366052 git-gui: consolidate naming conventions
0bb313a552 xdiff: unignore changes in function context
2ddcccf97a Merge branch 'win32-accommodate-funny-drive-names'
65d30a19de Merge branch 'win32-filenames-cannot-have-trailing-spaces-or-periods'
5532ebdeb7 Merge branch 'fix-mingw-quoting-bug'
76a681ce9c Merge branch 'dubiously-nested-submodules'
dd53ea7220 Merge branch 'turn-on-protectntfs-by-default'
f82a97eb91 mingw: handle `subst`-ed "DOS drives"
7f3551dd68 Merge branch 'disallow-dotgit-via-ntfs-alternate-data-streams'
d2c84dad1c mingw: refuse to access paths with trailing spaces or periods
379e51d1ae quote-stress-test: offer to test quoting arguments for MSYS2 sh
817ddd64c2 mingw: refuse to access paths with illegal characters
cc756edda6 unpack-trees: let merged_entry() pass through do_add_entry()'s errors
7530a6287e quote-stress-test: allow skipping some trials
35edce2056 t6130/t9350: prepare for stringent Win32 path validation
55953c77c0 quote-stress-test: accept arguments to test via the command-line
ad15592529 tests: add a helper to stress test argument quoting
a8dee3ca61 Disallow dubiously-nested submodule git directories
9102f958ee protect_ntfs: turn on NTFS protection by default
91bd46588e path: also guard `.gitmodules` against NTFS Alternate Data Streams
6d8684161e mingw: fix quoting of arguments
3a85dc7d53 is_ntfs_dotgit(): speed it up
7c3745fc61 path: safeguard `.git` against NTFS Alternate Streams Accesses
288a74bcd2 is_ntfs_dotgit(): only verify the leading segment
a62f9d1ace test-path-utils: offer to run a protectNTFS/protectHFS benchmark
cae0bc09ab rebase: fix format.useAutoBase breakage
945dc55dda format-patch: teach --no-base
700e006c5d t4014: use test_config()
a749d01e1d format-patch: fix indentation
0c47e06176 t3400: demonstrate failure with format.useAutoBase
d9b31db2c4 t7700: stop losing return codes of git commands
3699d69df0 t7700: make references to SHA-1 generic
dcf9a748ca t7700: replace egrep with grep
cfe5eda02a t7700: consolidate code into test_has_duplicate_object()
ae475afc0f t7700: consolidate code into test_no_missing_in_packs()
14b7664df8 doc: replace LKML link with lore.kernel.org
d23f9c8e04 RelNotes: replace Gmane with real Message-IDs
dcee037228 doc: replace MARC links with lore.kernel.org
a9aecc7abb checkout, restore: support the --pathspec-from-file option
cfd9376c1d doc: restore: synchronize <pathspec> description
8ea1189eac doc: checkout: synchronize <pathspec> description
6fdc9ad259 doc: checkout: fix broken text reference
1d022bb43f doc: checkout: remove duplicate synopsis
bebb5d6d6b add: support the --pathspec-from-file option
21bb3083c3 cmd_add: prepare for next patch
4778452597 Merge branch 'prevent-name-squatting-on-windows'
a7b1ad3b05 Merge branch 'jk/fast-import-unsafe'
525e7fba78 path.c: document the purpose of `is_ntfs_dotgit()`
e1d911dd4c mingw: disallow backslash characters in tree objects' file names
0060fd1511 clone --recurse-submodules: prevent name squatting on Windows
a52ed76142 fast-import: disallow "feature import-marks" by default
68061e3470 fast-import: disallow "feature export-marks" by default
019683025f fast-import: delay creating leading directories for export-marks
e075dba372 fast-import: stop creating leading directories for import-marks
11e934d56e fast-import: tighten parsing of boolean command line options
816f806786 t9300: create marks files for double-import-marks test
f94804c1f2 t9300: drop some useless uses of cat
4f3e57ef13 submodule--helper: advise on fatal alternate error
10c64a0b3c Doc: explain submodule.alternateErrorStrategy
ec48540fe8 packfile.c: speed up loading lots of packfiles
3ba3720b3f mingw: forbid translating ERROR_SUCCESS to an errno value
a4fb016ba1 pkt-line: fix a typo
0109d676f9 mingw: use {gm,local}time_s as backend for {gm,local}time_r
e714b898c6 t7812: expect failure for grep -i with invalid UTF-8 data
228f53135a The second batch
6c630f237e Merge branch 'jk/gitweb-anti-xss'
3288d99c92 Merge branch 'ar/install-doc-update-cmds-needing-the-shell'
4775e02a5c Merge branch 'ma/t7004'
a6c6f8d02a Merge branch 'js/complete-svn-recursive'
3ae8defaf9 Merge branch 'jk/send-pack-remote-failure'
aec3b2e24f Merge branch 'jc/fsmonitor-sanity-fix'
4ab9616c76 Merge branch 'sg/skip-skipped-prereq'
723a8adba5 Merge branch 'ds/test-read-graph'
9da3948781 Merge branch 'rs/use-copy-array-in-mingw-shell-command-preparation'
406ca29e0d Merge branch 'rs/parse-options-dup-null-fix'
fce9e836d3 Merge branch 'jt/fetch-remove-lazy-fetch-plugging'
8faff3899e Merge branch 'jk/optim-in-pack-idx-conversion'
ef8f621045 Merge branch 'dl/complete-rebase-onto'
3c3e5d0ea2 Merge branch 'tg/stash-refresh-index'
43c5fe1c1d Merge branch 'nn/doc-rebase-merges'
6511cb33c9 Merge branch 'dd/sequencer-utf8'
f165457618 Merge branch 'jk/remove-sha1-to-hex'
a774064fb0 Merge branch 'dj/typofix-merge-strat'
ca5c8aa8e1 Merge branch 'rj/bundle-ui-updates'
d2489ce92c Merge branch 'rs/skip-iprefix'
376e7309e1 Merge branch 'ln/userdiff-elixir'
9a5d34c6dc Merge branch 'py/shortlog-list-options-for-log'
d3096d2ba6 Merge branch 'en/doc-typofix'
26f20fa3fc Merge branch 'ns/test-desc-typofix'
ffd130a363 Merge branch 'en/t6024-style'
5149902ff9 Merge branch 'en/misc-doc-fixes'
bcb06e204c Merge branch 'js/fetch-multi-lockfix'
d08daec001 Merge branch 'rs/trace2-dots'
fc7b26c907 Merge branch 'kw/fsmonitor-watchman-fix'
bad5ed39cd Merge branch 'cb/curl-use-xmalloc'
7ab2088255 Merge branch 'rt/fetch-message-fix'
f089ddd56a Merge branch 'es/myfirstcontrib-updates'
3c90710c0c Merge branch 'hw/config-doc-in-header'
d4924ea7c3 Merge branch 'dl/doc-diff-no-index-implies-exit-code'
5444d52866 Merge branch 'js/vreportf-wo-buffering'
05fc6471e3 Merge branch 'pb/no-recursive-reset-hard-in-worktree-add'
ecbddd16bb Merge branch 'pb/help-list-gitsubmodules-among-guides'
532d983823 Merge branch 'sg/blame-indent-heuristics-is-now-the-default'
dfc03e48ec Merge branch 'mr/clone-dir-exists-to-path-exists'
fac9ab1419 Merge branch 'ma/bisect-doc-sample-update'
a2b0451434 Merge branch 'js/git-path-head-dot-lock-fix'
0be5caf97c Merge branch 'jc/log-graph-simplify'
0e07c1cd83 Merge branch 'jk/cleanup-object-parsing-and-fsck'
2e697ced9d built-in add -i: offer the `quit` command
d7633578b5 built-in add -i: re-implement the `diff` command
8746e07277 built-in add -i: implement the `patch` command
ab1e1cccaf built-in add -i: re-implement `add-untracked` in C
c54ef5e424 built-in add -i: re-implement `revert` in C
a8c45be939 built-in add -i: implement the `update` command
f37c226454 built-in add -i: prepare for multi-selection commands
c08171d156 built-in add -i: allow filtering the modified files list
0c3944a628 add-interactive: make sure to release `rev.prune_data`
4d0375ca24 mingw: do set `errno` correctly when trying to restrict handle inheritance
867fc7f310 grep: don't return an expression from pcre2_free()
c64368e3a2 t9001: avoid including non-trailing NUL bytes in variables
72b006f4bf gpg-interface: prefer check_signature() for GPG verification
7187c7bbb8 t4210: skip i18n tests that don't work on FreeBSD
b5ab03bcb6 archive-zip.c: switch to reentrant localtime_r
ccd469450a date.c: switch to reentrant {gm,local}time_r
271c351b2f t7811: don't create unused file
65efb42862 t9300: don't create unused file
f6b9413baf sequencer: fix a memory leak in sequencer_continue()
3eae30e464 doc: replace public-inbox links with lore.kernel.org
46c67492aa doc: recommend lore.kernel.org over public-inbox.org
5cf7a17dfb send-pack: use OBJECT_INFO_QUICK to check negative objects
17a4ae92ea t7700: s/test -f/test_path_is_file/
d2eee32a89 t7700: move keywords onto their own line
7a1c8c2346 t7700: remove spaces after redirect operators
09279086e8 t7700: drop redirections to /dev/null
756ee7fc9f t7501: stop losing return codes of git commands
38c1aa01de t7501: remove spaces after redirect operators
763b47bafa t5703: stop losing return codes of git commands
eacaa1c180 t5703: simplify one-time-sed generation logic
a29b2429e5 t5317: use ! grep to check for no matching lines
6c37f3ec1b t5317: stop losing return codes of git commands
b66e0a1773 t4138: stop losing return codes of git commands
afd43c9905 t4015: use test_write_lines()
946d2353a3 t4015: stop losing return codes of git commands
50cd31c652 t3600: comment on inducing SIGPIPE in `git rm`
3b737381d8 t3600: stop losing return codes of git commands
0d913dfa7e t3600: use test_line_count() where possible
29a40b5a67 t3301: stop losing return codes of git commands
9b5a9fa60a t0090: stop losing return codes of git commands
17aa9d9c1a t0014: remove git command upstream of pipe
77a946be98 apply-one-time-sed.sh: modernize style
176441bfb5 ci: build Git with GCC 9 in the 'osx-gcc' build job
ed254710ee test: use test_must_be_empty F instead of test_cmp empty F
c74b3cbb83 t7812: add missing redirects
213dabf49d test: use test_must_be_empty F instead of test -z $(cat F)
c93a5aaec8 t1400: use test_must_be_empty
6e4826ea75 t1410: use test_line_count
a5d04a3ef9 t1512: use test_line_count
54a7a64613 run-command: use prepare_git_cmd() in prepare_cmd()
2059e79c0d name-rev: use skip_prefix() instead of starts_with()
1768aaf01d push: use skip_prefix() instead of starts_with()
ec6ee0c07a shell: use skip_prefix() instead of starts_with()
7e412e8a34 fmt-merge-msg: use skip_prefix() instead of starts_with()
a6293f5d28 fetch: use skip_prefix() instead of starts_with()
13ca8fb79e t5150: skip request-pull test if Perl is disabled
ecc0869080 commit-graph: use start_delayed_progress()
44a4693bfc progress: create GIT_PROGRESS_DELAY
528d9e6d01 t/perf: don't depend on Git.pm
b8dcc45387 perf-lib: use a single filename for all measurement types
fc42f20e24 test-lib-functions: suppress a 'git rev-parse' error in 'test_commit_bulk'
d82dfa7f5b rebase -i: finishing touches to --reset-author-date
1f3aea22c7 submodule: fix 'submodule status' when called from a subdirectory
393adf7a6f sequencer: directly call pick_commits() from complete_action()
a2dd67f105 rebase: fill `squash_onto' in get_replay_opts()
3f34f2d8a4 sequencer: move the code writing total_nr on the disk to a new function
34065541e3 sequencer: update `done_nr' when skipping commands in a todo list
8638114e06 sequencer: update `total_nr' when adding an item to a todo list
0aa0c2b2ec revision: free topo_walk_info before creating a new one in init_topo_walk
ffa1f28fea revision: clear the topo-walk flags in reset_revision_walk
ebc3278665 git-compat-util.h: drop the `PRIuMAX` and other fallback definitions
9917eca794 l10n: zh_TW: add translation for v2.24.0
0a8e3036a3 reset: parse rev as tree-ish in patch mode
f0e58b3fe8 doc: mention that 'git submodule update' fetches missing commits
8d483c8408 doc: document 'git submodule status --cached'
befd4f6a81 sequencer: don't re-read todo for revert and cherry-pick
ac33519ddf mingw: restrict file handle inheritance only on Windows 7 and later
9a780a384d mingw: spawned processes need to inherit only standard handles
c5a03b1e29 mingw: work around incorrect standard handles
eea4a7f4b3 mingw: demonstrate that all file handles are inherited by child processes
a85efb5985 t5608-clone-2gb.sh: turn GIT_TEST_CLONE_2GB into a bool
43a2afee82 tests: add 'test_bool_env' to catch non-bool GIT_TEST_* values
2d05ef2778 sequencer: fix empty commit check when amending
ea8b7be147 git svn: stop using `rebase --preserve-merges`
67a6ea6300 gpg-interface: limit search for primary key fingerprint
392b862e9a gpg-interface: refactor the free-and-xmemdupz pattern
cff4e9138d sparse-checkout: check for dirty status
416adc8711 sparse-checkout: update working directory in-process for 'init'
f75a69f880 sparse-checkout: cone mode should not interact with .gitignore
fb10ca5b54 sparse-checkout: write using lockfile
99dfa6f970 sparse-checkout: use in-process update for disable subcommand
e091228e17 sparse-checkout: update working directory in-process
e9de487aa3 sparse-checkout: sanitize for nested folders
4dcd4def3c unpack-trees: add progress to clear_ce_flags()
eb42feca97 unpack-trees: hash less in cone mode
af09ce24a9 sparse-checkout: init and set in cone mode
96cc8ab531 sparse-checkout: use hashmaps for cone patterns
879321eb0b sparse-checkout: add 'cone' mode
e6152e35ff trace2: add region in clear_ce_flags
72918c1ad9 sparse-checkout: create 'disable' subcommand
7bffca95ea sparse-checkout: add '--stdin' option to set subcommand
f6039a9423 sparse-checkout: 'set' subcommand
d89f09c828 clone: add --sparse mode
bab3c35908 sparse-checkout: create 'init' subcommand
94c0956b60 sparse-checkout: create builtin with 'list' subcommand
679f2f9fdd unpack-trees: skip stat on fsmonitor-valid files
df6d3d6802 lib-bash.sh: move `then` onto its own line
2a02262078 t5520: replace `! git` with `test_must_fail git`
c245e58bb6 t5520: remove redundant lines in test cases
a1a64fdd0a t5520: replace $(cat ...) comparison with test_cmp
e959a18ee7 t5520: don't put git in upstream of pipe
5540ed27bc t5520: test single-line files by git with test_cmp
dd0f1e767b t5520: use test_cmp_rev where possible
979f8891cc t5520: replace test -{n,z} with test-lib functions
3037d3db90 t5520: use test_line_count where possible
93a9bf876b t5520: remove spaces after redirect operator
ceeef863de t5520: replace test -f with test-lib functions
4c8b046f82 t5520: let sed open its own input
53c62b9810 t5520: use sq for test case names
e8d1eaf9b4 t5520: improve test style
2c9e125b27 t: teach test_cmp_rev to accept ! for not-equals
8cb7980382 t0000: test multiple local assignment
5b583e6a09 format-patch: pass notes configuration to range-diff
bd36191886 range-diff: pass through --notes to `git log`
9f726e1b87 range-diff: output `## Notes ##` header
3bdbdfb7a5 t3206: range-diff compares logs with commit notes
75c5aa0701 t3206: s/expected/expect/
79f3950d02 t3206: disable parameter substitution in heredoc
3a6e48e9f7 t3206: remove spaces after redirect operators
26d94853f0 pretty-options.txt: --notes accepts a ref instead of treeish
077a1fda82 userdiff: support Python async functions
3798149a74 SubmittingPatches: use `--pretty=reference`
1f0fc1db85 pretty: implement 'reference' format
618a855083 pretty: add struct cmt_fmt_map::default_date_mode_type
0df621172d pretty: provide short date format
ac52d9410e t4205: cover `git log --reflog -z` blindspot
3e8ed3b93e pretty.c: inline initalize format_context
4982516451 revision: make get_revision_mark() return const pointer
f0f9de2bd7 completion: complete `tformat:` pretty format
fb2ffa77a6 SubmittingPatches: remove dq from commit reference
bae74c9dfb pretty-formats.txt: use generic terms for hash
bd00717eab SubmittingPatches: use generic terms for hash
9d45ac4cbf rev-list-options.txt: remove reference to --show-notes
828e829b9e argv-array: add space after `while`
e440fc5888 commit: support the --pathspec-from-file option
66a25a7242 doc: commit: synchronize <pathspec> description
64bac8df97 reset: support the `--pathspec-from-file` option
d137b50756 doc: reset: synchronize <pathspec> description
24e4750c96 pathspec: add new function to parse file
0dbc4a0edf ci(osx): update homebrew-cask repository with less noise
e02058a729 sequencer: handle rebase-merges for "onto" message
bae60ba7e9 builtin/unpack-objects.c: show throughput progress
2d92ab32fd rev-parse: make --show-toplevel without a worktree an error
9e5afdf997 fetch: add trace2 instrumentation
4c4066d95d run-command: move doc to run-command.h
6c51cb525d trace2: move doc to trace2.h
7db0305438 parse-options: add link to doc file in parse-options.h
d95a77d059 submodule-config: move doc to submodule-config.h
f3b9055624 credential: move doc to credential.h
bbcfa3002a tree-walk: move doc to tree-walk.h
971b1f24a2 argv-array: move doc to argv-array.h
f1ecbe0f53 trace: move doc to trace.h
13aa9c8b70 cache: move doc to cache.h
c0be43f898 sigchain: move doc to sigchain.h
19ef3ddd36 pathspec: move doc to pathspec.h
301d595e72 revision: move doc to revision.h
3a1b3415d9 attr: move doc to attr.h
126c1ccefb refs: move doc to refs.h
d27eb356bf remote: move doc to remote.h and refspec.h
405c6b1fbc sha1-array: move doc to sha1-array.h
d3d7172e40 merge: move doc to ll-merge.h
3f1480b745 graph: move doc to graph.h and graph.c
266f03eccd dir: move doc to dir.h
13c4d7eb22 diff: move doc to diff.h and diffcore.h
cd5522271f rebase -r: let `label` generate safer labels
867bc1d236 rebase-merges: move labels' whitespace mangling into `label_oid()`
8c15904462 built-in add -i: implement the `help` command
3d965c7674 built-in add -i: use color in the main loop
68db1cbf8e built-in add -i: support `?` (prompt help)
76b743234c built-in add -i: show unique prefixes of the commands
6348bfba58 built-in add -i: implement the main loop
a376e37b2c gitweb: escape URLs generated by href()
b178c207d7 t/gitweb-lib.sh: set $REQUEST_URI
f28bceca75 t/gitweb-lib.sh: drop confusing quotes
0eba60c9b7 t9502: pass along all arguments in xss helper
932757b0cc INSTALL: use existing shell scripts as example
b018719927 t7004: check existence of correct tag
1daaebcaa5 built-in add -i: color the header in the `status` command
5e82b9e4d2 built-in add -i: implement the `status` command
e4cb659ebd diff: export diffstat interface
f83dff60a7 Start to implement a built-in version of `git add --interactive`
df53c80822 stash: make sure we have a valid index before writing it
ad7a403268 send-pack: check remote ref status on pack-objects failure
d91ce887c9 t6120-describe: correct test repo history graph in comment
1f9247a3bd completion: tab-complete "git svn --recursive"
603960b50e promisor-remote: remove fetch_if_missing=0
e362fadcd0 clone: remove fetch_if_missing=0
169bed7421 parse-options: avoid arithmetic on pointer that's potentially NULL
51bd6be32d mingw: use COPY_ARRAY for copying array
4bd0593e0f test-tool: use 'read-graph' helper
e0316695ec test-lib: don't check prereqs of test cases that won't be run anyway
d784d978f6 t4215: use helper function to check output
61eea521fe fsmonitor: do not compare bitmap size with size of split index
b19f3fe9dd hex: drop sha1_to_hex()
c1ce9c06d0 completion: learn to complete `git rebase --onto=`
f66e0401ab pack-objects: avoid pointless oe_map_new_pack() calls
d3a8caebf3 doc: improve readability of --rebase-merges in git-rebase
aa6d7f93ed hex: drop sha1_to_hex_r()
52f52e5ae4 sequencer: reencode commit message for am/rebase --show-current-patch
5772b0c745 sequencer: reencode old merge-commit message
e0eba649e8 bundle-verify: add --quiet
79862b6b77 bundle-create: progress output control
73c3253d75 bundle: framework for options before bundle file
68d40f30c4 merge-strategies: fix typo "reflected to" to "reflected in"
b375744274 sequencer: reencode squashing commit's message
019a9d8362 sequencer: reencode revert/cherry-pick's todo list
0798d16fe3 sequencer: reencode to utf-8 before arrange rebase's todo list
e4b95b3b5f t3900: demonstrate git-rebase problem with multi encoding
1ba6e7aecd configure.ac: define ICONV_OMITS_BOM if necessary
d9f6f3b619 The first batch post 2.24 cycle
28014c1084 Merge branch 'bc/hash-independent-tests-part-6'
57b530125e Merge branch 'js/update-index-ignore-removal-for-skip-worktree'
c22f63c40f Merge branch 'pb/pretty-email-without-domain-part'
5731ca3657 Merge branch 'hw/remove-api-docs-placeholder'
14b58c62bc Merge branch 'sg/commit-graph-usage-fix'
eff313f8a7 Merge branch 'dl/apply-3way-diff3'
db806d7064 Merge branch 'sg/dir-trie-fixes'
f1e2666b33 Merge branch 'jc/am-show-current-patch-docfix'
8f1119b988 Merge branch 'wb/midx-progress'
d9800351d3 Merge branch 'en/merge-recursive-directory-rename-fixes'
0c51181ffb Merge branch 'js/rebase-deprecate-preserve-merges'
8f40d89783 Merge branch 'hv/bitshift-constants-in-blame'
d4a98e701f Merge branch 'dd/notes-copy-default-dst-to-head'
5c8c0a0d78 Merge branch 'pw/post-commit-from-sequencer'
b75ba9bbd1 Merge branch 'dl/format-patch-cover-from-desc'
15d9f3dc66 Merge branch 'es/walken-tutorial'
026587c793 Merge branch 'jt/fetch-pack-record-refs-in-the-dot-promisor'
ed28358833 convert: use skip_iprefix() in validate_encoding()
89f8cabaf3 utf8: use skip_iprefix() in same_utf_encoding()
03670c8b23 Fix spelling errors in no-longer-updated-from-upstream modules
ae821ffe83 multimail: fix a few simple spelling errors
557c5895c2 sha1dc: fix trivial comment spelling error
aa74be316a Fix spelling errors in test commands
96c0caf5e3 Fix spelling errors in messages shown to users
4dc8b1c114 Fix spelling errors in names of tests
7a40cf1553 Fix spelling errors in comments of testcases
15beaaa3d1 Fix spelling errors in code comments
a807200f67 userdiff: add Elixir to supported userdiff languages
461caf3e8a git-shortlog.txt: include commit limiting options
6462d5eb9a fetch: remove fetch_if_missing=0
46efd28be1 kset.h, tar.h: add missing header guard to prevent multiple inclusion
99b2ba35f5 t0028: eliminate non-standard usage of printf
add97702ed parse-options.h: add new options `--pathspec-from-file`, `--pathspec-file-nul`
14c4776d75 t: fix typo in test descriptions
270de6acbe t6024: modernize style
77363a51fb name-hash.c: remove duplicate word in comment
c92faa4d22 hashmap: fix documentation misuses of -> versus .
a6d39f2efb git-filter-branch.txt: correct argument name typo
4d17fd253f remote-curl: unbreak http.extraHeader with custom allocators
8915297925 Fix spelling errors in documentation outside of Documentation/
031fd4b93b Documentation: fix a bunch of typos, both old and new
dd0b61f577 fsmonitor: fix watchman integration
5c34d2f03e trace2: add dots directly to strbuf in perf_fmt_prepare()
7d8e72b970 fetch: avoid locking issues between fetch.jobs/fetch.writeCommitGraph
c14e6e7903 fetch: add the command-line option `--write-commit-graph`
da72936f54 Git 2.24
1d34d425d4 Merge branch 'bc/doc-use-docbook-5'
dac1d83c91 Merge branch 'ds/commit-graph-on-fetch'
c32ca691c2 Merge branch 'jt/delay-fetch-if-missing'
ab6b50e4c8 Merge https://github.com/prati0100/git-gui
93bf7423dd Merge tag 'l10n-2.24.0-rnd2' of https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po
a5cd71ca4a l10n: zh_CN: for git v2.24.0 l10n round 1~2
fe28ad8520 rebase: add --reset-author-date
08187b4cba rebase -i: support --ignore-date
0185c683c9 sequencer: rename amend_author to author_to_rename
cbd8db17ac rebase -i: support --committer-date-is-author-date
c068bcc59b sequencer: allow callers of read_author_script() to ignore fields
ba51d2fb24 rebase -i: add --ignore-whitespace flag
3c8d754c4b myfirstcontrib: hint to find gitgitgadget allower
3ada78de3f myfirstcontrib: add dependency installation step
4ed5562925 myfirstcontrib: add 'psuh' to command-list.txt
4a58c3d7f7 stash: handle staged changes in skip-worktree files correctly
8dfb04ae96 update-index: optionally leave skip-worktree entries alone
116d1fa6c6 vreportf(): avoid relying on stdio buffering
efd5444238 RelNotes/2.24.0: fix self-contradictory note
391c7e40b5 fetch.c: fix typo in a warning message
55aca515eb manpage-bold-literal.xsl: match for namespaced "d:literal" in template
849e43680d RelNotes/2.24.0: typofix
0115e5d929 git-diff.txt: document return code of `--no-index`
798d66e35d l10n: de.po: Update German translation
c1d0038746 l10n: sv.po: Update Swedish translation (4695t0f0u)
f21f8f5d35 Git 2.24-rc2
8dc28ee438 Merge branch 'wb/fsmonitor-bitmap-fix'
0d6799e563 Merge branch 'rl/gitweb-blame-prev-fix'
f2db52c46b Merge branch 'js/mingw-needs-hiding-fix'
5b7594abdc Merge branch 'master' of github.com:vnwildman/git
034d33653a Merge branch 'next' of github.com:ChrisADR/git-po
26b061007c submodule: teach set-url subcommand
460782b7be t7519-status-fsmonitor: improve comments
d8b8217c8a pretty: add "%aL" etc. to show local-part of email addresses
4782cf2ab6 worktree: teach "add" to ignore submodule.recurse config
1294a85b7c l10n: bg.po: Updated Bulgarian translation (4694)
f126a1fb0f l10n: vi(4694t): Updated translation for v2.24.0
762d5b4f46 help: add gitsubmodules to the list of guides
76a53d640f git_path(): handle `.lock` files correctly
3ce47211a6 t1400: wrap setup code in test case
44ae131e38 builtin/blame.c: remove '--indent-heuristic' from usage string
6c02042139 clone: rename static function `dir_exists()`.
8dd327b246 Documentation/git-bisect.txt: add --no-ff to merge command
77200e9332 l10n: es: 2.24.0 round 2
e42df36b42 Merge branch 'l10n/it/update-italian-translation'
5e196e8ae0 l10n: it.po: update the Italian translation for Git 2.24.0 round #2
51728480fe l10n: fr v2.24.0 rnd2
045a548698 l10n: git.pot: v2.24.0 round 2 (1 new)
468d356a81 Merge tag 'v2.24.0-rc1' of github.com:git/git into master
b2f2039c2b fsck: accept an oid instead of a "struct tree" for fsck_tree()
c5b4269b57 fsck: accept an oid instead of a "struct commit" for fsck_commit()
103fb6d43b fsck: accept an oid instead of a "struct tag" for fsck_tag()
f648ee7088 fsck: rename vague "oid" local variables
cc579000bf fsck: don't require an object struct in verify_headers()
7854399366 fsck: don't require an object struct for fsck_ident()
b8b00f1693 fsck: drop blob struct from fsck_finish()
6da40b22ca fsck: accept an oid instead of a "struct blob" for fsck_blob()
38370253fd fsck: don't require an object struct for report()
f59793763d fsck: only require an oid for skiplist functions
5afc4b1dc6 fsck: only provide oid/type in fsck_error callback
82ef89b318 fsck: don't require object structs for display functions
733902905d fsck: use oids rather than objects for object_name API
d40bbc109b fsck_describe_object(): build on our get_object_name() primitive
a59cfb3230 fsck: unify object-name code
23a173a761 fsck: require an actual buffer for non-blobs
2175a0c601 fsck: stop checking tag->tagged
ec65231571 fsck: stop checking commit->parent counts
1de6007d85 fsck: stop checking commit->tree value
228c78fbd4 commit, tag: don't set parsed bit for parse failures
60e6569a12 mingw: avoid a buffer overrun in `needs_hiding()`
8b656572ca builtin/commit-graph.c: remove subcommand-less usage string
fa26d5ede6 t4048: abstract away SHA-1-specific constants
cf02be8486 t4045: make hash-size independent
38ee26b2a3 t4044: update test to work with SHA-256
37ab8ebef1 t4039: abstract away SHA-1-specific constants
0370b35414 t4038: abstract away SHA-1 specific constants
0253e126a2 t4034: abstract away SHA-1-specific constants
45e2ef2b1d t4027: make hash-size independent
79b0edc1a0 t4015: abstract away SHA-1-specific constants
840624ff55 t4011: abstract away SHA-1-specific constants
32a6707267 t4010: abstract away SHA-1-specific constants
440bf91dfa t3429: remove SHA1 annotation
0b408ca2bd t1305: avoid comparing extensions
2eabd38313 rev-parse: add a --show-object-format option
52bd3e4657 gitweb: correctly store previous rev in javascript-actions mode
45e206f0d8 t4203: use test-lib.sh definitions
2ae4944aac t6006: use test-lib.sh definitions
cb99a34e23 commit-graph: fix writing first commit-graph during fetch
e88aab917e t5510-fetch.sh: demonstrate fetch.writeCommitGraph bug
7b4fb434b4 documentation: remove empty doc files
566a1439f6 Git 2.24-rc1
04b1f4f768 Merge branch 'sg/ci-osx-gcc8-fix'
4d6fb2beeb Merge branch 'ds/feature-macros'
5f0b6ed907 Merge branch 'js/azure-ci-osx-fix'
c555caab7a Merge branch 'bw/format-patch-o-create-leading-dirs'
1b4f85285f Merge branch 'dl/submodule-set-branch'
c7aadccba0 fetch: delay fetch_if_missing=0 until after config
c11e9966cb repo-settings: read an int for index.version
091489d068 apply: respect merge.conflictStyle in --3way
aa76ae4905 t4108: demonstrate bug in apply
95806205cd t4108: use `test_config` instead of `git config`
b0069684d4 t4108: remove git command upstream of pipe
fa87b81385 t4108: replace create_file with test_write_lines
7d4733c501 ci: fix GCC install in the Travis CI GCC OSX job
6c96630cb0 config: move documentation to config.h
d81542e6f3 Eleventh batch
e0ff2d4c7e Merge branch 'cb/pcre2-chartables-leakfix'
d45d771978 Merge branch 'bc/smart-http-atomic-push'
22dd22dce0 Merge branch 'wb/fsmonitor-bitmap-fix'
2e215b7959 Merge branch 'sb/userdiff-dts'
e3cf08361a Merge branch 'sg/progress-fix'
b895e8dea6 Merge branch 'nr/diff-highlight-indent-fix'
c1ec35dd48 Merge branch 'mb/clarify-zsh-completion-doc'
f45f88b2e4 path.c: don't call the match function without value in trie_find()
c72fc40d09 path.c: clarify two field names in 'struct common_dir'
8a64881b44 path.c: mark 'logs/HEAD' in 'common_list' as file
7cb8c929d7 path.c: clarify trie_find()'s in-code comment
e536b1fedf Documentation: mention more worktree-specific exceptions
680cba2c2b multi-pack-index: add [--[no-]progress] option.
64d80e7d52 midx: honor the MIDX_PROGRESS flag in midx_repack
ad60096d1c midx: honor the MIDX_PROGRESS flag in verify_midx_file
8dc18f8937 midx: add progress to expire_midx_packs
840cef0c70 midx: add progress to write_midx_file
efbc3aee08 midx: add MIDX_PROGRESS flag
0eb3671ed9 ci(osx): use new location of the `perforce` cask
da1e295e00 t604[236]: do not run setup in separate tests
49b8133a9e merge-recursive: fix merging a subdirectory into the root directory
d3eebaad5e merge-recursive: clean up get_renamed_dir_portion()
80736d7c5e doc: am --show-current-patch gives an entire e-mail message
a8e2c0eadc t7419: change test_must_fail to ! for grep
19c29e538e t4014: make output-directory tests self-contained
12a4aeaad8 Merge branch 'js/azure-pipelines-msvc'
399c23c046 ci(visual-studio): actually run the tests in parallel
711cd6d15c ci(visual-studio): use strict compile flags, and optimization
370784e0e6 l10n: it.po: update the Italian translation for Git 2.24.0
cc73c68603 Merge branch 'master' of github.com:jnavila/git into git-po-master
907843be3b Merge branch 'master' of github.com:alshopov/git-po into git-po-master
13bcea8c7f l10n: fr 2.24.0 rnd 1
135480a616 Merge remote-tracking branch 'git-po/master' into git-po-master
3d0a05b464 l10n: git.pot: v2.24.0 round 1 (35 new, 16 removed)
8da56a4848 userdiff: fix some corner cases in dts regex
86795774bb builtin/blame.c: constants into bit shift format
feebd2d256 rebase: hide --preserve-merges option
0e40a73a4c Doc: Bundle file usage
78d50148b9 parse_tag_buffer(): treat NULL tag pointer as parse error
12736d2f02 parse_commit_buffer(): treat lookup_tree() failure as parse error
c78fe00459 parse_commit_buffer(): treat lookup_commit() failure as parse error
2b6f6ea1bd test-progress: fix test failures on big-endian systems
f757409e36 l10n: bg.po: Updated Bulgarian translation (4693)
176f5adfdb completion: clarify installation instruction for zsh
d966095db0 Git 2.24-rc0
90e0d167c6 Merge branch 'rs/remote-curl-use-argv-array'
3def8ae9a4 Merge branch 'rs/column-use-utf8-strnwidth'
d0258d0944 Merge branch 'rs/http-push-simplify'
bb52def6da Merge branch 'jj/stash-reset-only-toplevel'
f1afbb063f Merge branch 'bw/format-patch-o-create-leading-dirs'
e5fca6b573 Merge branch 'bb/compat-util-comment-fix'
43400b4222 Merge branch 'bb/utf8-wcwidth-cleanup'
07ff6dd0ea Merge branch 'dl/allow-running-cocci-verbosely'
2d74d28ee0 Merge branch 'dl/compat-cleanup'
9b83a94829 Merge branch 'ta/t1308-typofix'
376012c919 Merge branch 'js/doc-stash-save'
10da030ab7 grep: avoid leak of chartables in PCRE2
513f2b0bbd grep: make PCRE2 aware of custom allocator
57d4660468 grep: make PCRE1 aware of custom allocator
d58deb9c4e notes: fix minimum number of parameters to "copy" subcommand
8af69cf3e2 t3301: test diagnose messages for too few/many paramters
6f1194246a remote-curl: pass on atomic capability to remote side
bbb13e8188 graph: fix coloring of octopus dashes
92beecc136 graph: flatten edges that fuse with their right neighbor
479db18bc0 graph: smooth appearance of collapsing edges on commit lines
0195285b95 graph: rename `new_mapping` to `old_mapping`
d62893ecc1 graph: commit and post-merge lines for left-skewed merges
0f0f389f12 graph: tidy up display of left-skewed merges
458152cce1 graph: example of graph output that can be simplified
ee7abb5ffa graph: extract logic for moving to GRAPH_PRE_COMMIT state
46ba2abdfa graph: remove `mapping_idx` and `graph_update_width()`
a551fd5efd graph: reduce duplication in `graph_insert_into_new_columns()`
9157a2a032 graph: reuse `find_new_column_by_commit()`
210179a20d graph: handle line padding in `graph_next_line()`
fbccf255f9 graph: automatically track display width of graph lines
5374a290aa fetch-pack: write fetched refs to .promisor
4627bc777e sequencer: run post-commit hook
49697cb721 move run_commit_hook() to libgit and use it there
12bb7a540a sequencer.h fix placement of #endif
6a619ca03c t3404: remove uneeded calls to set_fake_editor
b2dbacbddf t3404: set $EDITOR in subshell
88a92b6c73 t3404: remove unnecessary subshell
bf8e65b30b format-patch: teach --cover-from-description option
a92331df18 format-patch: use enum variables
46273df7bf format-patch: replace erroneous and condition
3b3c79f6c9 diff-highlight: fix a whitespace nit
108b97dc37 Ninth batch
cbe8cdd3a0 Merge branch 'jk/coc'
3b9ec27919 Merge branch 'js/trace2-fetch-push'
c7d2cedec2 Merge branch 'jt/push-avoid-lazy-fetch'
1ef3bd362a Merge branch 'dl/format-patch-doc-test-cleanup'
eb3de5b823 Merge branch 'js/xdiffi-comment-updates'
4e8371ec26 Merge branch 'dl/t0000-skip-test-test'
b6d712fa4e Merge branch 'tg/range-diff-output-update'
77458870a5 Merge branch 'gs/sq-quote-buf-pretty'
5efabc7ed9 Merge branch 'ew/hashmap'
d0ce4d9024 Merge branch 'js/trace2-cap-max-output-files'
6ed610b968 Merge branch 'am/t0028-utf16-tests'
5b900fb812 Merge branch 'dl/octopus-graph-bug'
16d9d7184b Merge branch 'en/fast-imexport-nested-tags'
6d5291be45 Merge branch 'js/azure-pipelines-msvc'
ccc289915a Merge branch 'gs/commit-graph-trace-with-cmd'
d96e31e390 Merge branch 'js/fetch-jobs'
280bd44551 Merge branch 'en/merge-recursive-cleanup'
062a309d36 remote-curl: use argv_array in parse_push()
a81e42d235 column: use utf8_strnwidth() to strip out ANSI color escapes
5cc6a4be11 http-push: simplify deleting a list item
556895d0c8 stash: avoid recursive hard reset on submodules
b524f6b399 Merge branch 'ka/japanese-translation'
f6f3824b4e git-gui: improve Japanese translation
61f4b407d3 Merge branch 'py/readme'
1e6880fd06 git-gui: add a readme
edefc31873 format-patch: create leading components of output directory
68b69211b2 git-compat-util: fix documentation syntax
fa364ad790 utf8: use ARRAY_SIZE() in git_wcwidth()
e0479fa073 documentation: add tutorial for object walking
3444ec2eb2 fsmonitor: don't fill bitmap with entries to be removed
4f3c1dc5d6 Makefile: respect $(V) in %.cocci.patch target
9cad1c4488 pthread.h: manually align parameter lists
8c1cfd58e3 t1308-config-set: fix a test that has a typo
57d8f4b4c7 doc(stash): clarify the description of `save`
08da6496b6 Eighth batch
07f25ad8b2 Merge branch 'dl/rev-list-doc-cleanup'
f0d407e6ae Merge branch 'kt/add-i-progress'
66102cfad8 Merge branch 'js/stash-apply-in-secondary-worktree'
a4c5d9f66e Merge branch 'rs/dedup-includes'
159cdabd87 Merge branch 'js/range-diff-noprefix'
93424f1f7d Merge branch 'cb/pcre1-cleanup'
a73f91774c Merge branch 'ab/pcre-jit-fixes'
4608a029b4 Merge branch 'pw/rebase-i-show-HEAD-to-reword'
020011f2cb Merge branch 'tk/git-svn-trim-author-name'
676278f8ea Merge branch 'bc/object-id-part17'
aafb75452b Merge branch 'en/clean-nested-with-ignored'
3f9ef874a7 CODE_OF_CONDUCT: mention individual project-leader emails
5cdf2301d4 add a Code of Conduct document
70bf0b755a Seventh batch
9b3995cee0 Merge branch 'rs/test-remove-useless-debugging-cat'
2e956f7fb3 Merge branch 'pm/p4-auto-delete-named-temporary'
d17f54947d Merge branch 'rs/convert-fix-utf-without-dash'
82c80f98e6 Merge branch 'py/git-gui-has-maintainer'
6e12570822 Merge branch 'ah/cleanups'
772cad0afb Merge branch 'js/diff-rename-force-stable-sort'
424663d9c8 Merge branch 'js/mingw-spawn-with-spaces-in-path'
678a9ca629 Merge branch 'as/shallow-slab-use-fix'
0b4fae553c Merge branch 'sg/name-rev-cutoff-underflow-fix'
042a54d251 Merge branch 'am/visual-studio-config-fix'
03d3b1297c xdiffi: fix typos and touch up comments
b05b40930e t0000: cover GIT_SKIP_TESTS blindspots
d8bc1a518a send-pack: never fetch when checking exclusions
756fb0dedb t4014: treat rev-list output as the expected value
2b6a9b13ca range-diff: don't segfault with mode-only changes
360c7ba330 transport: push codepath can take arbitrary repository
ce2d7ed2fd sq_quote_buf_pretty: don't drop empty arguments
b657047719 merge-recursive: fix the fix to the diff3 common ancestor label
b744c3af07 Sixth batch
417056578a Merge branch 'bw/submodule-helper-usage-fix'
9728ab488a Merge branch 'dl/honor-cflags-in-hdr-check'
1f314d5223 Merge branch 'cb/do-not-use-test-cmp-with-a'
59b19bcd9f Merge branch 'cc/multi-promisor'
1f4485b219 Merge branch 'jt/merge-recursive-symlink-is-not-a-dir-in-way'
5ecdbfafd6 Merge branch 'ps/my-first-contribution-alphasort'
eb35c18e42 Merge branch 'sg/travis-help-debug'
cabb145fe3 Merge branch 'rs/alias-use-copy-array'
56c7ab0f4e Merge branch 'sg/t-helper-gitignore'
e5ce62b1ac Merge branch 'cc/svn-fe-py-shebang'
583cf6232a Merge branch 'ah/doc-submodule-ignore-submodules'
337e3f2b49 Merge branch 'rs/nth-switch-code-simplification'
8f53fe1733 Merge branch 'hb/hg-to-git-py3'
ef93bfbd45 Merge branch 'sg/progress-fix'
980351d1ac Merge branch 'js/doc-patch-text'
80693e3f09 Merge branch 'tb/commit-graph-harden'
ae203ba414 Merge branch 'jt/cache-tree-avoid-lazy-fetch-during-merge'
3f84633563 Merge branch 'dl/cocci-everywhere'
caf150ce7d Merge branch 'gs/commit-graph-progress'
1d8b0dfa8a Merge branch 'ms/fetch-follow-tag-optim'
1398171378 Merge branch 'rs/commit-graph-use-list-count'
773521df26 Merge branch 'rs/nth-parent-parse'
7f17913161 Merge branch 'dl/submodule-set-branch'
cb3ec6f4ef Merge branch 'cs/pretty-formats-doc-typofix'
bbfe5f2241 Merge branch 'jk/list-objects-optim-wo-trees'
098e8c6716 Merge branch 'jk/disable-commit-graph-during-upload-pack'
37ab7cb0a8 Merge branch 'mr/complete-more-for-log-etc'
e392382f95 Merge branch 'dl/complete-rebase-and-archive'
cda8faa37e Merge branch 'jk/commit-graph-cleanup'
36d2fca82b Merge branch 'ss/get-time-cleanup'
ed6822896b Merge branch 'rs/simplify-by-deco-with-deco-refs-exclude'
ad8f0368b4 Merge branch 'jk/partial-clone-sparse-blob'
ba2d451122 Merge branch 'tg/stash-refresh-index'
e2b5038d87 hashmap_entry: remove first member requirement from docs
404ab78e39 hashmap: remove type arg from hashmap_{get,put,remove}_entry
23dee69f53 OFFSETOF_VAR macro to simplify hashmap iterators
c8e424c9c9 hashmap: introduce hashmap_free_entries
8a973d0bb3 hashmap: hashmap_{put,remove} return hashmap_entry *
87571c3f71 hashmap: use *_entry APIs for iteration
939af16eac hashmap_cmp_fn takes hashmap_entry params
f23a465132 hashmap_get{,_from_hash} return "struct hashmap_entry *"
f0e63c4113 hashmap: use *_entry APIs to wrap container_of
6bcbdfb277 hashmap_get_next returns "struct hashmap_entry *"
973d5eea74 introduce container_of macro
26b455f21e hashmap_put takes "struct hashmap_entry *"
28ee794128 hashmap_remove takes "const struct hashmap_entry *"
b6c5241606 hashmap_get takes "const struct hashmap_entry *"
b94e5c1df6 hashmap_add takes "struct hashmap_entry *"
f6eb6bdcf2 hashmap_get_next takes "const struct hashmap_entry *"
d22245a2e3 hashmap_entry_init takes "struct hashmap_entry *"
d0a48a0a1d packfile: use hashmap_entry in delta_base_cache_entry
12878c8351 coccicheck: detect hashmap_entry.hash assignment
e010a41216 diff: use hashmap_entry_init on moved_entry.ent
f537485fa5 tests: remove "cat foo" before "test_i18ngrep bar foo"
de5abb5f7a git-p4: auto-delete named temporary file
c90b652afd Fifth batch
f00b57e5bc Merge branch 'cb/skip-utf8-check-with-pcre1'
b0f8aed48f Merge branch 'ma/user-manual-markup-update'
faf5576a8d Merge branch 'bc/doc-use-docbook-5'
314fcd32d7 Merge branch 'ma/asciidoctor-more-fixes'
70c1cbf515 Merge branch 'ma/asciidoctor-refmiscinfo'
847650798b Merge branch 'am/mailmap-andrey-mazo'
1a155f2e66 Merge branch 'jc/git-gui-has-maintainer'
1bcef51204 t/oid-info: add empty tree and empty blob values
ecde49bb8a t/oid-info: allow looking up hash algorithm name
11a3d3aadd git-rev-list.txt: prune options in synopsis
7d2f003ee4 Documentation: update the location of the git-gui repo
b181676ce9 convert: fix handling of dashless UTF prefix in validate_encoding()
46689317ac ci: also build and test with MS Visual Studio on Azure Pipelines
b35304bf95 ci: really use shallow clones on Azure Pipelines
ab7d854aba tests: let --immediate and --write-junit-xml play well together
be5d88e112 test-tool run-command: learn to run (parts of) the testsuite
5d65ad17a9 vcxproj: include more generated files
030a628b81 vcxproj: only copy `git-remote-http.exe` once it was built
61d1d92aa4 msvc: work around a bug in GetEnvironmentVariable()
e4347c9434 msvc: handle DEVELOPER=1
ed712ef8d5 msvc: ignore some libraries when linking
5b8f9e2417 compat/win32/path-utils.h: add #include guards
41616ef618 winansi: use FLEX_ARRAY to avoid compiler warning
c097b95a26 msvc: avoid using minus operator on unsigned types
dfd557c978 stash apply: report status correctly even in a worktree's subdirectory
d54dea77db fetch: let --jobs=<n> parallelize --multiple, too
87db61a436 trace2: write discard message to sentinel files
83e57b04e6 trace2: discard new traces if target directory has too many files
11c21f22de t4214: demonstrate octopus graph coloring failure
25eb905e14 t4214: explicitly list tags in log
63be8c8dd7 t4214: generate expect in their own test cases
a7a5590c6e t4214: use test_merge
94ba151300 test-lib: let test_merge() perform octopus merges
22541013d0 docs: clarify trace2 version invariants
3d4548e7e2 docs: mention trace2 target-dir mode in git-config
2fe44394c8 treewide: remove duplicate #include directives
dbcd970c27 push: do not pretend to return `int` from `die_push_simple()`
941790d7de fast-export: handle nested tags
8d7d33c1ce t9350: add tests for tags of things other than a commit
a1638cfe12 fast-export: allow user to request tags be marked with --mark-tags
208d69246e fast-export: add support for --import-marks-if-exists
b8f50e5b60 fast-import: add support for new 'alias' command
f73b2aba05 fast-import: allow tags to be identified by mark labels
3164e6bd24 fast-import: fix handling of deleted tags
8085050ab4 add -i: show progress counter in the prompt
69fdb922ad Merge branch 'bw/diff3-conflict-style'
b436825b9b git-gui: support for diff3 conflict style
937b76ed49 range-diff: internally force `diff.noprefix=true`
411e4f4735 ci: run `hdr-check` as part of the `Static Analysis` job
25e4b8099c push: add trace2 instrumentation
5fc31180d8 fetch: add trace2 instrumentation
53d687bf5f git_mkstemps_mode(): replace magic numbers with computed value
c3b57dc2a0 git-gui: use existing interface to query a path's attribute
45ab460d4a Merge branch 'js/git-bash-if-available'
0bd7f578b2 commit-graph: emit trace2 cmd_mode for each sub-command
71f4960b91 t0061: fix test for argv[0] with spaces (MINGW only)
54a80a9ad8 wrapper: use a loop instead of repetitive statements
baed6bbb5b diffcore-break: use a goto instead of a redundant if statement
8da02ce62a commit-graph: remove a duplicate assignment
ddb3c856f3 shallow.c: don't free unallocated slabs
8e4ec3376e merge-recursive: fix the diff3 common ancestor label for virtual commits
65904b8b2b promisor-remote: skip move_to_tail when no-op
2049b8dc65 diffcore_rename(): use a stable sort
97fff61012 Move git_sort(), a stable sort, into into libgit.a
69f272b922 dir: special case check for the possibility that pathspec is NULL
6a72d44fc2 git-gui (Windows): use git-bash.exe if it is available
bc12974a89 Fourth batch
5a5350940b Merge branch 'ds/commit-graph-on-fetch'
974bdb0205 Merge branch 'bw/rebase-autostash-keep-current-branch'
9755f70fe6 Merge branch 'ds/include-exclude'
93fc8760e7 Merge branch 'jh/trace2-pretty-output'
640f9cd599 Merge branch 'dl/rebase-i-keep-base'
026428c35e Merge branch 'sg/clean-nested-repo-with-ignored'
21db12c9ea Merge branch 'dl/complete-cherry-pick-revert-skip'
d693345518 Merge branch 'dl/use-sq-from-test-lib'
d8ce144e11 Merge branch 'jk/misc-uninitialized-fixes'
2be6ccc01a Merge branch 'sg/git-test-boolean'
cf861cd7a0 Merge branch 'rs/get-tagged-oid'
91243b019d Merge branch 'en/filter-branch-deprecation'
9bc67b6658 Merge branch 'en/merge-options-ff-and-friends'
fe048e4fd9 Merge branch 'tg/push-all-in-mirror-forbidden'
cab037cd4b Merge branch 'dt/remote-helper-doc-re-lock-option'
8e111e487b Merge branch 'rs/help-unknown-ref-does-not-return'
3ff6af7753 Merge branch 'nd/switch-and-restore'
aadac067aa Merge branch 'tb/file-url-to-unc-path'
b57a88a5f1 Merge branch 'js/gitdir-at-unc-root'
6f21347f11 Merge branch 'ar/mingw-run-external-with-non-ascii-path'
430439536b Merge branch 'rs/parse-tree-indirect'
991fd97b9a Merge branch 'jk/fast-import-history-bugfix'
74a39b9bcc Merge branch 'mh/notes-duplicate-entries'
37801f0665 Merge branch 'tb/banned-vsprintf-namefix'
21ce0b48f3 Merge branch 'mh/release-commit-memory-fix'
f0fcab6deb Merge branch 'mh/http-urlmatch-cleanup'
bf6136cab8 Merge branch 'rs/strbuf-detach'
a2e22bb3ad Merge branch 'rs/trace2-dst-warning'
1c6fc941c7 Merge branch 'dl/format-patch-doc-test-cleanup'
0281733483 Merge branch 'bc/hash-independent-tests-part-5'
f06fb376ed Merge branch 'jc/test-cleanup'
00bb74453d Merge branch 'dl/compat-cleanup'
59438be06c Merge branch 'js/visual-studio'
cda0d497e3 builtin/submodule--helper: fix usage string for 'update-clone'
af2abd870b fast-export: fix exporting a tag and nothing else
c4d2f6143a user-manual.txt: render ASCII art correctly under Asciidoctor
dba3734103 asciidoctor-extensions.rb: handle "book" doctype in linkgit
fd5b820d9c user-manual.txt: change header notation
e79b34533a user-manual.txt: add missing section label
b503a2d515 Makefile: emulate compile in $(HCO) target better
af26e2a9d2 pack-bitmap.h: remove magic number
b06fdead04 promisor-remote.h: include missing header
97b989ee3a apply.h: include missing header
4ddd4bddb1 git-svn: trim leading and trailing whitespaces in author name
d928a8388a t0028: add more tests
0b63fd6965 t0028: fix test for UTF-16-LE-BOM
fe0ed5d5e9 contrib/buildsystems: fix Visual Studio Debug configuration
2e09c01232 name-rev: avoid cutoff timestamp underflow
8464f94aeb promisor-remote.h: drop extern from function declaration
75b2c15435 t4038: Remove non-portable '-a' option passed to test_cmp
24c681794f doc: MyFirstContribution: fix cmd placement instructions
c46ebc2496 travis-ci: do not skip successfully tested trees in debug mode
60c60b627e Merge branch 'py/git-git-extra-stuff'
faf420e05a treewide: correct several "up-to-date" to "up to date"
b71c6c3b64 Fix build with core.autocrlf=true
16d7601e17 Merge branches 'js/msgfmt-on-windows', 'tz/fsf-address-update', 'jn/reproducible-build', 'ls/no-double-utf8-author-name', 'js/misc-git-gui-stuff', 'bb/ssh-key-files', 'bp/bind-kp-enter', 'cb/ttk-style' and 'py/call-do-quit-before-exit' of ../git into py/git-git-extra-stuff
26e3d1cbea .mailmap: update email address of Andrey Mazo
27ea41c0b4 t/helper: ignore only executable files
7bd97d6dff git: use COPY_ARRAY and MOVE_ARRAY in handle_alias()
83e3ad3b12 merge-recursive: symlink's descendants not in way
34933d0eff stash: make sure to write refreshed cache
e080b34540 merge: use refresh_and_write_cache
22184497a3 factor out refresh_and_write_cache function
7371612255 commit-graph: add --[no-]progress to write and verify
47b27c96fa test_date.c: remove reference to GIT_TEST_DATE_NOW
253bfe49bd SubmittingPatches: git-gui has a new maintainer
d17ae00c97 hg-to-git: make it compatible with both python3 and python2
4c86140027 Third batch
f67bf53300 Merge branch 'jt/avoid-ls-refs-with-http'
627b826834 Merge branch 'md/list-objects-filter-combo'
b9ac6c59b8 Merge branch 'cc/multi-promisor'
de67293e74 Merge branch 'sg/line-log-tree-diff-optim'
95486229e3 Merge branch 'sg/complete-configuration-variables'
f76bd8c6b1 Merge branch 'js/pre-merge-commit-hook'
a2e524ecf3 Merge branch 'cb/curl-use-xmalloc'
128666753b Merge branch 'jk/drop-release-pack-memory'
917a319ea5 Merge branch 'js/rebase-r-strategy'
7e1976e210 Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/prati0100/git-gui
4b3aa170d1 sha1_name: simplify strbuf handling in interpret_nth_prior_checkout()
0d4304c124 doc: fix reference to --ignore-submodules
af78249463 contrib/svn-fe: fix shebang for svnrdump_sim.py
8a3a6817e2 Merge gitk to pick up emergency build fix
2a4ac71ffb gitk: rename zh_CN.po to zh_cn.po
9027af58e2 Makefile: run coccicheck on more source files
43f8c890fd Makefile: strip leading ./ in $(FIND_SOURCE_FILES)
5dedf7de53 Makefile: define THIRD_PARTY_SOURCES
902b90cf42 clean: fix theoretical path corruption
ca8b5390db clean: rewrap overly long line
09487f2cba clean: avoid removing untracked files in a nested git repository
e86bbcf987 clean: disambiguate the definition of -d
3aca58045f git-clean.txt: do not claim we will delete files with -n/--dry-run
29b577b960 dir: add commentary explaining match_pathspec_item's return value
89a1f4aaf7 dir: if our pathspec might match files under a dir, recurse into it
a3d89d8f76 dir: make the DO_MATCH_SUBMODULE code reusable for a non-submodule case
404ebceda0 dir: also check directories for matching pathspecs
a5e916c745 dir: fix off-by-one error in match_pathspec_item
bbbb6b0b89 dir: fix typo in comment
7541cc5302 t7300: add testcases showing failure to clean specified pathspecs
0eb7c37a8a diff, log doc: small grammer, format, and language fixes
6fae6bd518 diff, log doc: say "patch text" instead of "patches"
2bb74b53a4 Test the progress display
bbf47568ad Revert "progress: use term_clear_line()"
cf6a2d2557 Makefile: strip leading ./ in $(LIB_H)
b7e2d8bca5 fetch: use oidset to keep the want OIDs for faster lookup
689a146c91 commit-graph: use commit_list_count()
59fa5f5a25 sha1-name: check for overflow of N in "foo^N" and "foo~N"
a678df1bf9 rev-parse: demonstrate overflow of N for "foo^N" and "foo~N"
a4cafc7379 list-objects-filter: use empty string instead of NULL for sparse "base"
cf34337f98 list-objects-filter: give a more specific error sparse parsing error
4c96a77594 list-objects-filter: delay parsing of sparse oid
72de5895ed t5616: test cloning/fetching with sparse:oid=<oid> filter
83b0b8953e doc-diff: replace --cut-header-footer with --cut-footer
7a30134358 asciidoctor-extensions: provide `<refmiscinfo/>`
226daba280 Doc/Makefile: give mansource/-version/-manual attributes
40e747e89d git-submodule.txt: fix AsciiDoc formatting error
f6461b82b9 Documentation: fix build with Asciidoctor 2
3cb8921f74 Merge branch 'master' of git://ozlabs.org/~paulus/gitk
f7a8834ba4 Merge branch 'bp/amend-toggle-bind'
ec7424e1a6 git-gui: add hotkey to toggle "Amend Last Commit"
9ea831a2a6 gitk: Do not mistake unchanged lines for submodule changes
d7cc4fb001 gitk: Use right colour for remote refs in the "Tags and heads" dialog
beffae768a gitk: Add Chinese (zh_CN) translation
56d9cbe68b packfile: expose get_delta_base()
bab28d9f97 builtin/pack-objects: report reused packfile objects
6c8ec8c30a Merge branch 'bw/commit-scrollbuffer'
acfa495519 Merge branch 'bw/amend-checkbutton'
da08d559b7 git-gui: add horizontal scrollbar to commit buffer
ba41b5b335 git-gui: convert new/amend commit radiobutton to checkbutton
aeeb978ba6 completion: teach archive to use __gitcomp_builtin
2b9bd488ae completion: teach rebase to use __gitcomp_builtin
d49dffde9a completion: add missing completions for log, diff, show
6abada1880 upload-pack: disable commit graph more gently for shallow traversal
fbab552a53 commit-graph: bump DIE_ON_LOAD check to actual load-time
72ed80c784 list-objects: don't queue root trees unless revs->tree_objects is set
4fd39c76e6 doc: minor formatting fix
29f4332e66 Quit passing 'now' to date code
c77abf0460 Merge branch 'py/revert-hunks-lines'
5a2bb62180 Merge branch 'bp/widget-focus-hotkeys'
e07446ed5f git-gui: add hotkeys to set widget focus
f981ec18cf cache-tree: do not lazy-fetch tentative tree
f1d4a28250 Second batch
c8ada15456 Merge branch 'bc/reread-attributes-during-rebase'
8f3ba423e7 Merge branch 'tg/t0021-racefix'
a477abe9e4 Merge branch 'mp/for-each-ref-missing-name-or-email'
d49c2c3466 Merge branch 'sb/userdiff-dts'
2743b61bc6 Merge branch 'rs/sort-oid-array-thread-safe'
4c49dd042d Merge branch 'nd/diff-parseopt'
d8b1ce7972 Merge branch 'jt/diff-lazy-fetch-submodule-fix'
8ce8a63b46 Merge branch 'ds/midx-expire-repack'
9437394661 Merge branch 'cb/fetch-set-upstream'
af2b8faf49 Merge branch 'rs/pax-extended-header-length-fix'
fa9e7934c7 Merge branch 'bm/repository-layout-typofix'
d1a251a1fa Merge branch 'en/checkout-mismerge-fix'
e1151704f2 Merge branch 'sg/diff-indent-heuristic-non-experimental'
f4f8dfe127 Merge branch 'ds/feature-macros'
4a12f89865 Merge branch 'jk/eoo'
b4a1eec332 Merge branch 'jk/repo-init-cleanup'
70336bd50a Merge branch 'py/git-gui-do-quit'
ad7c543e3b grep: skip UTF8 checks explicitly
0cc7380d88 log-tree: call load_ref_decorations() in get_name_decoration()
b4ecbcf6a2 log: test --decorate-refs-exclude with --simplify-by-decoration
4414e837fc gitweb.conf.txt: switch pluses to backticks to help Asciidoctor
b7e1ba5649 git-merge-index.txt: wrap shell listing in "----"
38cadf9e47 git-receive-pack.txt: wrap shell [script] listing in "----"
5371813768 git-ls-remote.txt: wrap shell listing in "----"
1925fe0c8a Documentation: wrap config listings in "----"
922a2c93f5 git-merge-base.txt: render indentations correctly under Asciidoctor
2017956a19 Documentation: wrap blocks with "--"
dd2e50a84e commit-graph: turn off save_commit_buffer
67fa6aac5a commit-graph: don't show progress percentages while expanding reachable commits
806278dead commit-graph.c: handle corrupt/missing trees
16749b8dd2 commit-graph.c: handle commit parsing errors
23424ea759 t/t5318: introduce failing 'git commit-graph write' tests
bf1e28e0ad builtin/rebase.c: Remove pointless message
d2172ef02d builtin/rebase.c: make sure the active branch isn't moved when autostashing
bd482d6e33 t: use common $SQ variable
3a37876b5d pack-objects: drop packlist index_pos optimization
7e6b96c73b test-read-cache: drop namelen variable
e4b369069e diff-delta: set size out-parameter to 0 for NULL delta
7140414d8b bulk-checkin: zero-initialize hashfile_checkpoint
f1cbd033e2 pack-objects: use object_id in packlist_alloc()
0dfed92dfd git-am: handle missing "author" when parsing commit
3960290675 ci: restore running httpd tests
6a20b62d7e t/lib-git-svn.sh: check GIT_TEST_SVN_HTTPD when running SVN HTTP tests
c77722b3ea use get_tagged_oid()
dad3f0607b tag: factor out get_tagged_oid()
468ce99b77 unpack-trees: rename 'is_excluded_from_list()'
65edd96aec treewide: rename 'exclude' methods to 'pattern'
4ff89ee52c treewide: rename 'EXCL_FLAG_' to 'PATTERN_FLAG_'
caa3d55444 treewide: rename 'struct exclude_list' to 'struct pattern_list'
ab8db61390 treewide: rename 'struct exclude' to 'struct path_pattern'
483e861111 t9902: use a non-deprecated command for testing
9df53c5de6 Recommend git-filter-repo instead of git-filter-branch
7b6ad97939 t6006: simplify, fix, and optimize empty message test
50094ca45f config/format.txt: specify default value of format.coverLetter
c1a6f21cd4 Doc: add more detail for git-format-patch
854b5cb46a t4014: stop losing return codes of git commands
dd2b6b6860 t4014: remove confusing pipe in check_threading()
6bd26f58ea t4014: use test_line_count() where possible
c6ec6dadba t4014: let sed open its own files
f2e2fa8f60 t4014: drop redirections to /dev/null
460609cbd5 t4014: use indentable here-docs
92014b69bb t4014: remove spaces after redirect operators
0ab74e979c t4014: use sq for test case names
cb46c40662 t4014: move closing sq onto its own line
b562a54c01 t4014: s/expected/expect/
e770fbfeff t3005: remove unused variable
da280f5f1a t: use LF variable defined in the test harness
7027f508c7 compat/*.[ch]: remove extern from function declarations using spatch
552fc5016f mingw: apply array.cocci rule
476998d05b t3427: accelerate this test by using fast-export and fast-import
aac6ff7b5b .gitignore: stop ignoring `.manifest` files
2c65d90f75 am: reload .gitattributes after patching it
1577dc0f7c tree: simplify parse_tree_indirect()
50f26bd035 fetch: add fetch.writeCommitGraph config setting
8e4c8af058 push: disallow --all and refspecs when remote.<name>.mirror is set
27fd1e4ea7 merge-options.txt: clarify meaning of various ff-related options
0a8bc7068f clarify documentation for remote helpers
80e3658647 help: make help_unknown_ref() NORETURN
313677627a checkout: add simple check for 'git checkout -b'
3441de5b9c gitk: Make web links clickable
a4fa2f0a4c git-gui: allow undoing last revert
414d924beb rebase: teach rebase --keep-base
6330209d7d rebase tests: test linear branch topology
4effc5bc96 rebase: fast-forward --fork-point in more cases
c0efb4c1dd rebase: fast-forward --onto in more cases
2b318aa6c3 rebase: refactor can_fast_forward into goto tower
c9efc21683 t3432: test for --no-ff's interaction with fast-forward
1ebec8dfc1 fast-import: duplicate into history rather than passing ownership
9756082b3c fast-import: duplicate parsed encoding string
86ae43da6a status: mention --skip for revert and cherry-pick
b1b16bba96 completion: add --skip for cherry-pick and revert
deaa65a754 completion: merge options for cherry-pick and revert
4336d36512 t3432: distinguish "noop-same" v.s. "work-same" in "same head" tests
793ac7e309 t3432: test rebase fast-forward behavior
359ecebc34 t3431: add rebase --fork-point tests
502c386ff9 t7300-clean: demonstrate deleting nested repo with an ignored file breakage
ff61681b46 grep: refactor and simplify PCRE1 support
8991da6a38 grep: make sure NO_LIBPCRE1_JIT disable JIT in PCRE1
1fd881d404 trace2: use warning() directly in tr2_dst_malformed_warning()
fd99c2dd9b grep: use return value of strbuf_detach()
82f51af345 log-tree: always use return value of strbuf_detach()
7e92756751 http: don't leak urlmatch_config.vars
9784f97321 commit: free the right buffer in release_commit_memory
ce17feb1b3 path: add a function to check for path suffix
60d198d022 banned.h: fix vsprintf()'s ban message
60fe477a0b notes: avoid potential use-after-free during insertion
779ad6641b notes: avoid leaking duplicate entries
4e1a641ee3 mingw: fix launching of externals from Unicode paths
5cf7b3b1ac setup_git_directory(): handle UNC root paths correctly
e2683d51d9 Fix .git/ discovery at the root of UNC shares
d17f2124a7 setup_git_directory(): handle UNC paths correctly
ebb8d2c90f mingw: support UNC in git clone file://server/share/repo
0c37c41d13 t4009: make hash size independent
c1f3dfcc23 t4002: make hash independent
8cc5ff83c3 t4000: make hash size independent
c784815073 t3903: abstract away SHA-1-specific constants
2ccdfb1c78 git-gui: return early when patch fails to apply
62bd99934b git-gui: allow reverting selected hunk
5f0a516de9 git-gui: allow reverting selected lines
fddf2ebe38 transport: teach all vtables to allow fetch first
ac3fda82bf transport-helper: skip ls-refs if unnecessary
745f681289 First batch after Git 2.23
d4b12b9e07 Merge branch 'sg/worktree-remove-errormsg'
22e86e85cb Merge branch 'en/fast-import-merge-doc'
9c7573581c Merge branch 'jk/perf-no-dups'
4336fdb2ef Merge branch 'rs/nedalloc-fixlets'
8ae7a46c4d Merge branch 'sg/show-failed-test-names'
6ba06b582b Merge branch 'sg/commit-graph-validate'
072735ea58 Merge branch 'vn/restore-empty-ita-corner-case-fix'
207ad3cb20 Merge branch 'sc/pack-refs-deletion-racefix'
77067b6ce8 Merge branch 'sg/do-not-skip-non-httpd-tests'
1b01cdbf2e Merge branch 'jk/tree-walk-overflow'
8aa76abba5 Merge branch 'sg/t5510-test-i18ngrep-fix'
307179732d Merge branch 'mt/grep-submodules-working-tree'
58166c2e9d t0021: make sure clean filter runs
8b3f33ef11 ref-filter: initialize empty name or email fields
3c81760bc6 userdiff: add a builtin pattern for dts files
fe49814409 t4014: drop unnecessary blank lines from test cases
a2bb801f6a line-log: avoid unnecessary full tree diffs
eef5204190 line-log: extract pathspec parsing from line ranges into a helper function
a63694f523 diff: skip GITLINK when lazy fetching missing objs
7cfcb16b0e sha1-name: make sort_ambiguous_oid_array() thread-safe
19800bdc3f parseopt: move definition of enum parse_opt_result up
415b770b88 packfile.h: drop extern from function declaration
acb49d1cc8 t3800: make hash-size independent
ca6ba94200 t3600: make hash size independent
19ce5496c2 t3506: make hash independent
9a6738c061 t3430: avoid hard-coded object IDs
4dd1b5f90f t3404: abstract away SHA-1-specific constants
b99bfc7a6c t3306: abstract away SHA-1-specific constants
e3e9d02e35 t3305: make hash size independent
b408cf8cf6 t3301: abstract away SHA-1-specific constants
b561edd213 t3206: abstract away hash size constants
a5f61c7d13 t3201: abstract away SHA-1-specific constants
1c24a54ea4 repository-layout.txt: correct pluralization of 'object'
b0a3186140 sequencer: simplify root commit creation
a47ba3c777 rebase -i: check for updated todo after squash and reword
450efe2d53 rebase -i: always update HEAD before rewording
c581e4a749 grep: under --debug, show whether PCRE JIT is enabled
aaa95dfa05 midx: switch to using the_hash_algo
be8e172e9f builtin/show-index: replace sha1_to_hex
3f34d70d40 rerere: replace sha1_to_hex
fc06be3b7f builtin/receive-pack: replace sha1_to_hex
69fa337060 builtin/index-pack: replace sha1_to_hex
3a4d7aa5ae packfile: replace sha1_to_hex
e0cb7cdb89 wt-status: convert struct wt_status to object_id
8d4d86b0f0 cache: remove null_sha1
f6ca67d673 builtin/worktree: switch null_sha1 to null_oid
dd336a5511 builtin/repack: write object IDs of the proper length
894c0f66bb pack-write: use hash_to_hex when writing checksums
4439c7a360 sequencer: convert to use the_hash_algo
95518faac1 bisect: switch to using the_hash_algo
e84f3572bd sha1-lookup: switch hard-coded constants to the_hash_algo
fe9fec45f6 config: use the_hash_algo in abbrev comparison
976ff7e49d combine-diff: replace GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ with the_hash_algo
703d2d4193 bundle: switch to use the_hash_algo
9d958cc041 connected: switch GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ to the_hash_algo
7962e046ff show-index: switch hard-coded constants to the_hash_algo
fee49308a1 blame: remove needless comparison with GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ
7e0d029f18 builtin/rev-parse: switch to use the_hash_algo
319009642c builtin/blame: switch uses of GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ to the_hash_algo
fabec2c5c3 builtin/receive-pack: switch to use the_hash_algo
f6af19a9ad fetch-pack: use parse_oid_hex
36261e42ec patch-id: convert to use the_hash_algo
28ba1830d0 builtin/replace: make hash size independent
24bc1a1292 pull, fetch: add --set-upstream option
71d41ff651 archive-tar: turn length miscalculation warning into BUG
17e9ef00d2 archive-tar: use size_t in strbuf_append_ext_header()
82a46af13e archive-tar: fix pax extended header length calculation
4060c1990a archive-tar: report wrong pax extended header length
4615a8cb5b merge-recursive: alphabetize include list
45ef16f77a merge-recursive: add sanity checks for relevant merge_options
f3081dae01 merge-recursive: rename MERGE_RECURSIVE_* to MERGE_VARIANT_*
5bf7e5779e merge-recursive: split internal fields into a separate struct
e95e481f9e merge-recursive: avoid losing output and leaking memory holding that output
a779fb829b merge-recursive: comment and reorder the merge_options fields
8599ab4574 merge-recursive: consolidate unnecessary fields in merge_options
7c0a6c8e47 merge-recursive: move some definitions around to clean up the header
c749ab1da8 merge-recursive: rename merge_options argument to opt in header
bab56877e0 merge-recursive: rename 'mrtree' to 'result_tree', for clarity
ff1bfa2cd5 merge-recursive: use common name for ancestors/common/base_list
4d7101e25c merge-recursive: fix some overly long lines
724dd767b2 cache-tree: share code between functions writing an index as a tree
345480d1ed merge-recursive: don't force external callers to do our logging
b4db8a2b76 merge-recursive: remove useless parameter in merge_trees()
98a1d3d888 merge-recursive: exit early if index != head
9822175d2b Ensure index matches head before invoking merge machinery, round N
10f751c06b merge-recursive: remove another implicit dependency on the_repository
f836bf3937 merge-recursive: future-proof update_file_flags() against memory leaks
8e01251694 merge-recursive: introduce an enum for detect_directory_renames values
743474cbfa merge-recursive: provide a better label for diff3 common ancestor
51eeaf4aa7 l10n: sv.po: Update Swedish translation (4674t0f0u)
5bace62582 l10n: Update Catalan translation
139ef37a2f merge-recursive: enforce opt->ancestor != NULL when calling merge_trees()
65c01c6442 checkout: provide better conflict hunk description with detached HEAD
d8523ca1b9 merge-recursive: be consistent with assert
acb7da05ac checkout: remove duplicate code
93b980e58f http: use xmalloc with cURL
64e5e1fba1 diff: 'diff.indentHeuristic' is no longer experimental
aaf633c2ad repo-settings: create feature.experimental setting
c6cc4c5afd repo-settings: create feature.manyFiles setting
ad0fb65999 repo-settings: parse core.untrackedCache
31b1de6a09 commit-graph: turn on commit-graph by default
b068d9a250 t6501: use 'git gc' in quiet mode
7211b9e753 repo-settings: consolidate some config settings
507e5470a0 worktree remove: clarify error message on dirty worktree
5af9d5f6c8 completion: complete config variables and values for 'git clone --config='
88cd790d6a completion: complete config variables names and values for 'git clone -c'
dd33472831 completion: complete values of configuration variables after 'git -c var='
e1e00089da completion: complete configuration sections and variable names for 'git -c'
42d0efec59 completion: split _git_config()
d9ee1e0617 completion: simplify inner 'case' pattern in __gitcomp()
2675ea1cc0 completion: use 'sort -u' to deduplicate config variable names
d9438873c4 completion: deduplicate configuration sections
7a09a8f093 completion: add tests for 'git config' completion
840d7e5b3c completion: complete more values of more 'color.*' configuration variables
08a12175d8 completion: fix a typo in a comment
9827d4c185 packfile: drop release_pack_memory()
d1387d3895 git-fast-import.txt: clarify that multiple merge commits are allowed
362f8b280c t/perf: rename duplicate-numbered test script
742ed63345 trace2: cleanup whitespace in perf format
e34430556c trace2: cleanup whitespace in normal format
c2b890aca5 quote: add sq_append_quote_argv_pretty()
ad43e37839 trace2: trim trailing whitespace in normal format error message
04f10d332f trace2: remove dead code in maybe_add_string_va()
da4589ce7e trace2: trim whitespace in region messages in perf target format
0d88f3d2c5 Merge branch 'py/call-do-quit-before-exit' of github.com:gitster/git-gui into py/git-gui-do-quit
5440eb0ea2 git-gui: call do_quit before destroying the main window
bc40ce4de6 merge: --no-verify to bypass pre-merge-commit hook
6098817fd7 git-merge: honor pre-merge-commit hook
a1f3dd7eb3 merge: do no-verify like commit
f78f6c7e0c t7503: verify proper hook execution
70597e8386 nedmalloc: avoid compiler warning about unused value
c9b9c09dae nedmalloc: do assignments only after the declaration section
22932d9169 config: stop checking whether the_repository is NULL
5732f2b1ef common-main: delay trace2 initialization
58ebccb478 t1309: use short branch name in includeIf.onbranch test
67feca3b1c gitcli: document --end-of-options
51b4594b40 parse-options: allow --end-of-options as a synonym for "--"
19e8789b23 revision: allow --end-of-options to end option parsing
ffe1afe67c tests: show the test name and number at the start of verbose output
96f3ccc2ab t0000-basic: use realistic test script names in the verbose tests
7c5c9b9c57 commit-graph: error out on invalid commit oids in 'write --stdin-commits'
39d8831856 commit-graph: turn a group of write-related macro flags into an enum
9916073be5 t5318-commit-graph: use 'test_expect_code'
620c09e1b6 restore: add test for deleted ita files
ecd72042de checkout.c: unstage empty deleted ita files
a613d4f817 pack-refs: always refresh after taking the lock file
decfe05bb6 t: warn against adding non-httpd-specific tests after sourcing 'lib-httpd'
371df1bea9 trace2: cleanup column alignment in perf target format
5aa02f9868 tree-walk: harden make_traverse_path() length computations
c43ab06259 tree-walk: add a strbuf wrapper for make_traverse_path()
b3b3cbcbf2 tree-walk: accept a raw length for traverse_path_len()
37806080d7 tree-walk: use size_t consistently
7f005b0f48 t5703: run all non-httpd-specific tests before sourcing 'lib-httpd.sh'
12b1826609 t5510-fetch: run non-httpd-specific test before sourcing 'lib-httpd.sh'
9055384710 tree-walk: drop oid from traverse_info
947208b725 setup_traverse_info(): stop copying oid
e1fac531ea rebase -r: do not (re-)generate root commits with `--root` *and* `--onto`
a63f990d92 t3418: test `rebase -r` with merge strategies
5dcdd7409a t/lib-rebase: prepare for testing `git rebase --rebase-merges`
e145d99347 rebase -r: support merge strategies other than `recursive`
4e6023b13a t3427: fix another incorrect assumption
f67336dabf t3427: accommodate for the `rebase --merge` backend having been replaced
a9c71073da t3427: fix erroneous assumption
b8c6f24255 t3427: condense the unnecessarily repetitive test cases into three
d51b771dc0 t3427: move the `filter-branch` invocation into the `setup` case
c248d32cdb t3427: simplify the `setup` test case significantly
8c1e24048a t3427: add a clarifying comment
5efed0ecf9 rebase: fold git-rebase--common into the -p backend
68b54f669d sequencer: the `am` and `rebase--interactive` scripts are gone
2e7bbac6be .gitignore: there is no longer a built-in `git-rebase--interactive`
6180b20239 t3400: stop referring to the scripted rebase
d5b581f228 Drop unused git-rebase--am.sh
814291cf3f t5510-fetch: fix negated 'test_i18ngrep' invocation
6a289d45c0 grep: fix worktree case in submodules
870eea8166 grep: do not enter PCRE2_UTF mode on fixed matching
8a5999838e grep: stess test PCRE v2 on invalid UTF-8 data
09872f6418 grep: create a "is_fixed" member in "grep_pat"
8a35b540a9 grep: consistently use "p->fixed" in compile_regexp()
685668faaa grep: stop using a custom JIT stack with PCRE v1
34489239d0 grep: stop "using" a custom JIT stack with PCRE v2
04bef50c01 grep: remove overly paranoid BUG(...) code
b65abcafc7 grep: use PCRE v2 for optimized fixed-string search
48de2a768c grep: remove the kwset optimization
45d1f37ccc grep: drop support for \0 in --fixed-strings <pattern>
25754125ce grep: make the behavior for NUL-byte in patterns sane
d316af059d grep tests: move binary pattern tests into their own file
471dac5d2c grep tests: move "grep binary" alongside the rest
f463beb805 grep: inline the return value of a function call used only once
b14cf112e2 t4210: skip more command-line encoding tests on MinGW
44570188a0 grep: don't use PCRE2?_UTF8 with "log --encoding=<non-utf8>"
4e2443b181 log tests: test regex backends in "--encode=<enc>" tests
90d21f9ebf list-objects-filter-options: make parser void
5a133e8a7f list-objects-filter-options: clean up use of ALLOC_GROW
489fc9ee71 list-objects-filter-options: allow mult. --filter
c2694952e3 strbuf: give URL-encoding API a char predicate fn
cf9ceb5a12 list-objects-filter-options: make filter_spec a string_list
f56f764279 list-objects-filter-options: move error check up
e987df5fe6 list-objects-filter: implement composite filters
842b00516a list-objects-filter-options: always supply *errbuf
7a7c7f4a6d list-objects-filter: put omits set in filter struct
9430147ca0 list-objects-filter: encapsulate filter components
4ca9474efa Move core_partial_clone_filter_default to promisor-remote.c
60b7a92d84 Move repository_format_partial_clone to promisor-remote.c
db27dca5cf Remove fetch-object.{c,h} in favor of promisor-remote.{c,h}
75de085211 remote: add promisor and partial clone config to the doc
7e154badc0 partial-clone: add multiple remotes in the doc
9a4c507886 t0410: test fetching from many promisor remotes
5e46139376 builtin/fetch: remove unique promisor remote limitation
fa3d1b63e8 promisor-remote: parse remote.*.partialclonefilter
b14ed5adaf Use promisor_remote_get_direct() and has_promisor_remote()
faf2abf496 promisor-remote: use repository_format_partial_clone
9cfebc1f3b promisor-remote: add promisor_remote_reinit()
9e27beaa23 promisor-remote: implement promisor_remote_get_direct()
48de315817 Add initial support for many promisor remotes
2e860675b6 fetch-object: make functions return an error code
c59c7c879e t0410: remove pipes after git commands

git-subtree-dir: third_party/git
git-subtree-split: ef7aa56f965a794d96fb0b1385f94634e7cea06f

218 files changed, 5056 insertions, 3841 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
index f45db5b727..ed4e443a3c 100644
--- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
+++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive):
 
  - If you want to find out if a command is available on the user's
    $PATH, you should use 'type <command>', instead of 'which <command>'.
-   The output of 'which' is not machine parseable and its exit code
+   The output of 'which' is not machine parsable and its exit code
    is not reliable across platforms.
 
  - We use POSIX compliant parameter substitutions and avoid bashisms;
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ For C programs:
    . since early 2012 with e1327023ea, we have been using an enum
      definition whose last element is followed by a comma.  This, like
      an array initializer that ends with a trailing comma, can be used
-     to reduce the patch noise when adding a new identifer at the end.
+     to reduce the patch noise when adding a new identifier at the end.
 
    . since mid 2017 with cbc0f81d, we have been using designated
      initializers for struct (e.g. "struct t v = { .val = 'a' };").
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile
index 76f2ecfc1b..8fe829cc1b 100644
--- a/Documentation/Makefile
+++ b/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ API_DOCS = $(patsubst %.txt,%,$(filter-out technical/api-index-skel.txt technica
 SP_ARTICLES += $(API_DOCS)
 
 TECH_DOCS += MyFirstContribution
+TECH_DOCS += MyFirstObjectWalk
 TECH_DOCS += SubmittingPatches
 TECH_DOCS += technical/hash-function-transition
 TECH_DOCS += technical/http-protocol
@@ -123,7 +124,8 @@ ASCIIDOC_HTML = xhtml11
 ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK = docbook
 ASCIIDOC_CONF = -f asciidoc.conf
 ASCIIDOC_COMMON = $(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) $(ASCIIDOC_CONF) \
-		-agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION)
+		-amanversion=$(GIT_VERSION) \
+		-amanmanual='Git Manual' -amansource='Git'
 TXT_TO_HTML = $(ASCIIDOC_COMMON) -b $(ASCIIDOC_HTML)
 TXT_TO_XML = $(ASCIIDOC_COMMON) -b $(ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK)
 MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-normal.xsl
@@ -197,11 +199,13 @@ ifdef USE_ASCIIDOCTOR
 ASCIIDOC = asciidoctor
 ASCIIDOC_CONF =
 ASCIIDOC_HTML = xhtml5
-ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK = docbook45
+ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK = docbook5
 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -acompat-mode -atabsize=8
 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -I. -rasciidoctor-extensions
 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -alitdd='&\#x2d;&\#x2d;'
 DBLATEX_COMMON =
+XMLTO_EXTRA += --skip-validation
+XMLTO_EXTRA += -x manpage.xsl
 endif
 
 SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL)
diff --git a/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt b/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt
index f8670379c0..427274df4d 100644
--- a/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt
+++ b/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt
@@ -23,6 +23,42 @@ useful additional context:
 - `Documentation/SubmittingPatches`
 - `Documentation/howto/new-command.txt`
 
+[[getting-help]]
+=== Getting Help
+
+If you get stuck, you can seek help in the following places.
+
+==== git@vger.kernel.org
+
+This is the main Git project mailing list where code reviews, version
+announcements, design discussions, and more take place. Those interested in
+contributing are welcome to post questions here. The Git list requires
+plain-text-only emails and prefers inline and bottom-posting when replying to
+mail; you will be CC'd in all replies to you. Optionally, you can subscribe to
+the list by sending an email to majordomo@vger.kernel.org with "subscribe git"
+in the body. The https://lore.kernel.org/git[archive] of this mailing list is
+available to view in a browser.
+
+==== https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/git-mentoring[git-mentoring@googlegroups.com]
+
+This mailing list is targeted to new contributors and was created as a place to
+post questions and receive answers outside of the public eye of the main list.
+Veteran contributors who are especially interested in helping mentor newcomers
+are present on the list. In order to avoid search indexers, group membership is
+required to view messages; anyone can join and no approval is required.
+
+==== https://webchat.freenode.net/#git-devel[#git-devel] on Freenode
+
+This IRC channel is for conversations between Git contributors. If someone is
+currently online and knows the answer to your question, you can receive help
+in real time. Otherwise, you can read the
+https://colabti.org/irclogger/irclogger_logs/git-devel[scrollback] to see
+whether someone answered you. IRC does not allow offline private messaging, so
+if you try to private message someone and then log out of IRC, they cannot
+respond to you. It's better to ask your questions in the channel so that you
+can be answered if you disconnect and so that others can learn from the
+conversation.
+
 [[getting-started]]
 == Getting Started
 
@@ -38,6 +74,26 @@ $ git clone https://github.com/git/git git
 $ cd git
 ----
 
+[[dependencies]]
+=== Installing Dependencies
+
+To build Git from source, you need to have a handful of dependencies installed
+on your system. For a hint of what's needed, you can take a look at
+`INSTALL`, paying close attention to the section about Git's dependencies on
+external programs and libraries. That document mentions a way to "test-drive"
+our freshly built Git without installing; that's the method we'll be using in
+this tutorial.
+
+Make sure that your environment has everything you need by building your brand
+new clone of Git from the above step:
+
+----
+$ make
+----
+
+NOTE: The Git build is parallelizable. `-j#` is not included above but you can
+use it as you prefer, here and elsewhere.
+
 [[identify-problem]]
 === Identify Problem to Solve
 
@@ -97,8 +153,8 @@ int cmd_psuh(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 ----
 
 We'll also need to add the declaration of psuh; open up `builtin.h`, find the
-declaration for `cmd_push`, and add a new line for `psuh` immediately before it,
-in order to keep the declarations sorted:
+declaration for `cmd_pull`, and add a new line for `psuh` immediately before it,
+in order to keep the declarations alphabetically sorted:
 
 ----
 int cmd_psuh(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -123,7 +179,7 @@ int cmd_psuh(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 }
 ----
 
-Let's try to build it.  Open `Makefile`, find where `builtin/push.o` is added
+Let's try to build it.  Open `Makefile`, find where `builtin/pull.o` is added
 to `BUILTIN_OBJS`, and add `builtin/psuh.o` in the same way next to it in
 alphabetical order. Once you've done so, move to the top-level directory and
 build simply with `make`. Also add the `DEVELOPER=1` variable to turn on
@@ -138,9 +194,6 @@ NOTE: When you are developing the Git project, it's preferred that you use the
 `DEVELOPER` flag; if there's some reason it doesn't work for you, you can turn
 it off, but it's a good idea to mention the problem to the mailing list.
 
-NOTE: The Git build is parallelizable. `-j#` is not included above but you can
-use it as you prefer, here and elsewhere.
-
 Great, now your new command builds happily on its own. But nobody invokes it.
 Let's change that.
 
@@ -149,7 +202,7 @@ a `cmd_struct` to the `commands[]` array. `struct cmd_struct` takes a string
 with the command name, a function pointer to the command implementation, and a
 setup option flag. For now, let's keep mimicking `push`. Find the line where
 `cmd_push` is registered, copy it, and modify it for `cmd_psuh`, placing the new
-line in alphabetical order.
+line in alphabetical order (immediately before `cmd_pull`).
 
 The options are documented in `builtin.h` under "Adding a new built-in." Since
 we hope to print some data about the user's current workspace context later,
@@ -167,7 +220,7 @@ Check it out! You've got a command! Nice work! Let's commit this.
 
 `git status` reveals modified `Makefile`, `builtin.h`, and `git.c` as well as
 untracked `builtin/psuh.c` and `git-psuh`. First, let's take care of the binary,
-which should be ignored. Open `.gitignore` in your editor, find `/git-push`, and
+which should be ignored. Open `.gitignore` in your editor, find `/git-pull`, and
 add an entry for your new command in alphabetical order:
 
 ----
@@ -534,6 +587,28 @@ you want to pass as a parameter something which would usually be interpreted as
 a flag.) `parse_options()` will terminate parsing when it reaches `--` and give
 you the rest of the options afterwards, untouched.
 
+Now that you have a usage hint, you can teach Git how to show it in the general
+command list shown by `git help git` or `git help -a`, which is generated from
+`command-list.txt`. Find the line for 'git-pull' so you can add your 'git-psuh'
+line above it in alphabetical order. Now, we can add some attributes about the
+command which impacts where it shows up in the aforementioned help commands. The
+top of `command-list.txt` shares some information about what each attribute
+means; in those help pages, the commands are sorted according to these
+attributes. `git psuh` is user-facing, or porcelain - so we will mark it as
+"mainporcelain". For "mainporcelain" commands, the comments at the top of
+`command-list.txt` indicate we can also optionally add an attribute from another
+list; since `git psuh` shows some information about the user's workspace but
+doesn't modify anything, let's mark it as "info". Make sure to keep your
+attributes in the same style as the rest of `command-list.txt` using spaces to
+align and delineate them:
+
+----
+git-prune-packed                        plumbingmanipulators
+git-psuh                                mainporcelain		info
+git-pull                                mainporcelain           remote
+git-push                                mainporcelain           remote
+----
+
 Build again. Now, when you run with `-h`, you should see your usage printed and
 your command terminated before anything else interesting happens. Great!
 
@@ -746,6 +821,14 @@ will automatically run your PRs through the CI even without the permission given
 but you will not be able to `/submit` your changes until someone allows you to
 use the tool.
 
+NOTE: You can typically find someone who can `/allow` you on GitGitGadget by
+either examining recent pull requests where someone has been granted `/allow`
+(https://github.com/gitgitgadget/git/pulls?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+%22%2Fallow%22[Search:
+is:pr is:open "/allow"]), in which case both the author and the person who
+granted the `/allow` can now `/allow` you, or by inquiring on the
+https://webchat.freenode.net/#git-devel[#git-devel] IRC channel on Freenode
+linking your pull request and asking for someone to `/allow` you.
+
 If the CI fails, you can update your changes with `git rebase -i` and push your
 branch again:
 
@@ -970,7 +1053,7 @@ reviewers the changes you've made that may not be as visible.
 You will also need to go and find the Message-Id of your previous cover letter.
 You can either note it when you send the first series, from the output of `git
 send-email`, or you can look it up on the
-https://public-inbox.org/git[mailing list]. Find your cover letter in the
+https://lore.kernel.org/git[mailing list]. Find your cover letter in the
 archives, click on it, then click "permalink" or "raw" to reveal the Message-Id
 header. It should match:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/MyFirstObjectWalk.txt b/Documentation/MyFirstObjectWalk.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa828dfdc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/MyFirstObjectWalk.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,905 @@
+= My First Object Walk
+
+== What's an Object Walk?
+
+The object walk is a key concept in Git - this is the process that underpins
+operations like object transfer and fsck. Beginning from a given commit, the
+list of objects is found by walking parent relationships between commits (commit
+X based on commit W) and containment relationships between objects (tree Y is
+contained within commit X, and blob Z is located within tree Y, giving our
+working tree for commit X something like `y/z.txt`).
+
+A related concept is the revision walk, which is focused on commit objects and
+their parent relationships and does not delve into other object types. The
+revision walk is used for operations like `git log`.
+
+=== Related Reading
+
+- `Documentation/user-manual.txt` under "Hacking Git" contains some coverage of
+  the revision walker in its various incarnations.
+- `revision.h`
+- https://eagain.net/articles/git-for-computer-scientists/[Git for Computer Scientists]
+  gives a good overview of the types of objects in Git and what your object
+  walk is really describing.
+
+== Setting Up
+
+Create a new branch from `master`.
+
+----
+git checkout -b revwalk origin/master
+----
+
+We'll put our fiddling into a new command. For fun, let's name it `git walken`.
+Open up a new file `builtin/walken.c` and set up the command handler:
+
+----
+/*
+ * "git walken"
+ *
+ * Part of the "My First Object Walk" tutorial.
+ */
+
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+int cmd_walken(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	trace_printf(_("cmd_walken incoming...\n"));
+	return 0;
+}
+----
+
+NOTE: `trace_printf()` differs from `printf()` in that it can be turned on or
+off at runtime. For the purposes of this tutorial, we will write `walken` as
+though it is intended for use as a "plumbing" command: that is, a command which
+is used primarily in scripts, rather than interactively by humans (a "porcelain"
+command). So we will send our debug output to `trace_printf()` instead. When
+running, enable trace output by setting the environment variable `GIT_TRACE`.
+
+Add usage text and `-h` handling, like all subcommands should consistently do
+(our test suite will notice and complain if you fail to do so).
+
+----
+int cmd_walken(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char * const walken_usage[] = {
+		N_("git walken"),
+		NULL,
+	}
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, walken_usage, 0);
+
+	...
+}
+----
+
+Also add the relevant line in `builtin.h` near `cmd_whatchanged()`:
+
+----
+int cmd_walken(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+----
+
+Include the command in `git.c` in `commands[]` near the entry for `whatchanged`,
+maintaining alphabetical ordering:
+
+----
+{ "walken", cmd_walken, RUN_SETUP },
+----
+
+Add it to the `Makefile` near the line for `builtin/worktree.o`:
+
+----
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/walken.o
+----
+
+Build and test out your command, without forgetting to ensure the `DEVELOPER`
+flag is set, and with `GIT_TRACE` enabled so the debug output can be seen:
+
+----
+$ echo DEVELOPER=1 >>config.mak
+$ make
+$ GIT_TRACE=1 ./bin-wrappers/git walken
+----
+
+NOTE: For a more exhaustive overview of the new command process, take a look at
+`Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt`.
+
+NOTE: A reference implementation can be found at
+https://github.com/nasamuffin/git/tree/revwalk.
+
+=== `struct rev_cmdline_info`
+
+The definition of `struct rev_cmdline_info` can be found in `revision.h`.
+
+This struct is contained within the `rev_info` struct and is used to reflect
+parameters provided by the user over the CLI.
+
+`nr` represents the number of `rev_cmdline_entry` present in the array.
+
+`alloc` is used by the `ALLOC_GROW` macro. Check `cache.h` - this variable is
+used to track the allocated size of the list.
+
+Per entry, we find:
+
+`item` is the object provided upon which to base the object walk. Items in Git
+can be blobs, trees, commits, or tags. (See `Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt`.)
+
+`name` is the object ID (OID) of the object - a hex string you may be familiar
+with from using Git to organize your source in the past. Check the tutorial
+mentioned above towards the top for a discussion of where the OID can come
+from.
+
+`whence` indicates some information about what to do with the parents of the
+specified object. We'll explore this flag more later on; take a look at
+`Documentation/revisions.txt` to get an idea of what could set the `whence`
+value.
+
+`flags` are used to hint the beginning of the revision walk and are the first
+block under the `#include`s in `revision.h`. The most likely ones to be set in
+the `rev_cmdline_info` are `UNINTERESTING` and `BOTTOM`, but these same flags
+can be used during the walk, as well.
+
+=== `struct rev_info`
+
+This one is quite a bit longer, and many fields are only used during the walk
+by `revision.c` - not configuration options. Most of the configurable flags in
+`struct rev_info` have a mirror in `Documentation/rev-list-options.txt`. It's a
+good idea to take some time and read through that document.
+
+== Basic Commit Walk
+
+First, let's see if we can replicate the output of `git log --oneline`. We'll
+refer back to the implementation frequently to discover norms when performing
+an object walk of our own.
+
+To do so, we'll first find all the commits, in order, which preceded the current
+commit. We'll extract the name and subject of the commit from each.
+
+Ideally, we will also be able to find out which ones are currently at the tip of
+various branches.
+
+=== Setting Up
+
+Preparing for your object walk has some distinct stages.
+
+1. Perform default setup for this mode, and others which may be invoked.
+2. Check configuration files for relevant settings.
+3. Set up the `rev_info` struct.
+4. Tweak the initialized `rev_info` to suit the current walk.
+5. Prepare the `rev_info` for the walk.
+6. Iterate over the objects, processing each one.
+
+==== Default Setups
+
+Before examining configuration files which may modify command behavior, set up
+default state for switches or options your command may have. If your command
+utilizes other Git components, ask them to set up their default states as well.
+For instance, `git log` takes advantage of `grep` and `diff` functionality, so
+its `init_log_defaults()` sets its own state (`decoration_style`) and asks
+`grep` and `diff` to initialize themselves by calling each of their
+initialization functions.
+
+For our first example within `git walken`, we don't intend to use any other
+components within Git, and we don't have any configuration to do.  However, we
+may want to add some later, so for now, we can add an empty placeholder. Create
+a new function in `builtin/walken.c`:
+
+----
+static void init_walken_defaults(void)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We don't actually need the same components `git log` does; leave this
+	 * empty for now.
+	 */
+}
+----
+
+Make sure to add a line invoking it inside of `cmd_walken()`.
+
+----
+int cmd_walken(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	init_walken_defaults();
+}
+----
+
+==== Configuring From `.gitconfig`
+
+Next, we should have a look at any relevant configuration settings (i.e.,
+settings readable and settable from `git config`). This is done by providing a
+callback to `git_config()`; within that callback, you can also invoke methods
+from other components you may need that need to intercept these options. Your
+callback will be invoked once per each configuration value which Git knows about
+(global, local, worktree, etc.).
+
+Similarly to the default values, we don't have anything to do here yet
+ourselves; however, we should call `git_default_config()` if we aren't calling
+any other existing config callbacks.
+
+Add a new function to `builtin/walken.c`:
+
+----
+static int git_walken_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	/*
+	 * For now, we don't have any custom configuration, so fall back to
+	 * the default config.
+	 */
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+----
+
+Make sure to invoke `git_config()` with it in your `cmd_walken()`:
+
+----
+int cmd_walken(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	...
+
+	git_config(git_walken_config, NULL);
+
+	...
+}
+----
+
+==== Setting Up `rev_info`
+
+Now that we've gathered external configuration and options, it's time to
+initialize the `rev_info` object which we will use to perform the walk. This is
+typically done by calling `repo_init_revisions()` with the repository you intend
+to target, as well as the `prefix` argument of `cmd_walken` and your `rev_info`
+struct.
+
+Add the `struct rev_info` and the `repo_init_revisions()` call:
+----
+int cmd_walken(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	/* This can go wherever you like in your declarations.*/
+	struct rev_info rev;
+	...
+
+	/* This should go after the git_config() call. */
+	repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &rev, prefix);
+
+	...
+}
+----
+
+==== Tweaking `rev_info` For the Walk
+
+We're getting close, but we're still not quite ready to go. Now that `rev` is
+initialized, we can modify it to fit our needs. This is usually done within a
+helper for clarity, so let's add one:
+
+----
+static void final_rev_info_setup(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We want to mimic the appearance of `git log --oneline`, so let's
+	 * force oneline format.
+	 */
+	get_commit_format("oneline", rev);
+
+	/* Start our object walk at HEAD. */
+	add_head_to_pending(rev);
+}
+----
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+Instead of using the shorthand `add_head_to_pending()`, you could do
+something like this:
+----
+	struct setup_revision_opt opt;
+
+	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
+	opt.def = "HEAD";
+	opt.revarg_opt = REVARG_COMMITTISH;
+	setup_revisions(argc, argv, rev, &opt);
+----
+Using a `setup_revision_opt` gives you finer control over your walk's starting
+point.
+====
+
+Then let's invoke `final_rev_info_setup()` after the call to
+`repo_init_revisions()`:
+
+----
+int cmd_walken(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	...
+
+	final_rev_info_setup(&rev);
+
+	...
+}
+----
+
+Later, we may wish to add more arguments to `final_rev_info_setup()`. But for
+now, this is all we need.
+
+==== Preparing `rev_info` For the Walk
+
+Now that `rev` is all initialized and configured, we've got one more setup step
+before we get rolling. We can do this in a helper, which will both prepare the
+`rev_info` for the walk, and perform the walk itself. Let's start the helper
+with the call to `prepare_revision_walk()`, which can return an error without
+dying on its own:
+
+----
+static void walken_commit_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(rev))
+		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
+}
+----
+
+NOTE: `die()` prints to `stderr` and exits the program. Since it will print to
+`stderr` it's likely to be seen by a human, so we will localize it.
+
+==== Performing the Walk!
+
+Finally! We are ready to begin the walk itself. Now we can see that `rev_info`
+can also be used as an iterator; we move to the next item in the walk by using
+`get_revision()` repeatedly. Add the listed variable declarations at the top and
+the walk loop below the `prepare_revision_walk()` call within your
+`walken_commit_walk()`:
+
+----
+static void walken_commit_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct strbuf prettybuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	...
+
+	while ((commit = get_revision(rev))) {
+		if (!commit)
+			continue;
+
+		strbuf_reset(&prettybuf);
+		pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &prettybuf);
+		puts(prettybuf.buf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&prettybuf);
+}
+----
+
+NOTE: `puts()` prints a `char*` to `stdout`. Since this is the part of the
+command we expect to be machine-parsed, we're sending it directly to stdout.
+
+Give it a shot.
+
+----
+$ make
+$ ./bin-wrappers/git walken
+----
+
+You should see all of the subject lines of all the commits in
+your tree's history, in order, ending with the initial commit, "Initial revision
+of "git", the information manager from hell". Congratulations! You've written
+your first revision walk. You can play with printing some additional fields
+from each commit if you're curious; have a look at the functions available in
+`commit.h`.
+
+=== Adding a Filter
+
+Next, let's try to filter the commits we see based on their author. This is
+equivalent to running `git log --author=<pattern>`. We can add a filter by
+modifying `rev_info.grep_filter`, which is a `struct grep_opt`.
+
+First some setup. Add `init_grep_defaults()` to `init_walken_defaults()` and add
+`grep_config()` to `git_walken_config()`:
+
+----
+static void init_walken_defaults(void)
+{
+	init_grep_defaults(the_repository);
+}
+
+...
+
+static int git_walken_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	grep_config(var, value, cb);
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+----
+
+Next, we can modify the `grep_filter`. This is done with convenience functions
+found in `grep.h`. For fun, we're filtering to only commits from folks using a
+`gmail.com` email address - a not-very-precise guess at who may be working on
+Git as a hobby. Since we're checking the author, which is a specific line in the
+header, we'll use the `append_header_grep_pattern()` helper. We can use
+the `enum grep_header_field` to indicate which part of the commit header we want
+to search.
+
+In `final_rev_info_setup()`, add your filter line:
+
+----
+static void final_rev_info_setup(int argc, const char **argv,
+		const char *prefix, struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	...
+
+	append_header_grep_pattern(&rev->grep_filter, GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR,
+		"gmail");
+	compile_grep_patterns(&rev->grep_filter);
+
+	...
+}
+----
+
+`append_header_grep_pattern()` adds your new "gmail" pattern to `rev_info`, but
+it won't work unless we compile it with `compile_grep_patterns()`.
+
+NOTE: If you are using `setup_revisions()` (for example, if you are passing a
+`setup_revision_opt` instead of using `add_head_to_pending()`), you don't need
+to call `compile_grep_patterns()` because `setup_revisions()` calls it for you.
+
+NOTE: We could add the same filter via the `append_grep_pattern()` helper if we
+wanted to, but `append_header_grep_pattern()` adds the `enum grep_context` and
+`enum grep_pat_token` for us.
+
+=== Changing the Order
+
+There are a few ways that we can change the order of the commits during a
+revision walk. Firstly, we can use the `enum rev_sort_order` to choose from some
+typical orderings.
+
+`topo_order` is the same as `git log --topo-order`: we avoid showing a parent
+before all of its children have been shown, and we avoid mixing commits which
+are in different lines of history. (`git help log`'s section on `--topo-order`
+has a very nice diagram to illustrate this.)
+
+Let's see what happens when we run with `REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE` as opposed to
+`REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE`. Add the following:
+
+----
+static void final_rev_info_setup(int argc, const char **argv,
+		const char *prefix, struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	...
+
+	rev->topo_order = 1;
+	rev->sort_order = REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE;
+
+	...
+}
+----
+
+Let's output this into a file so we can easily diff it with the walk sorted by
+author date.
+
+----
+$ make
+$ ./bin-wrappers/git walken > commit-date.txt
+----
+
+Then, let's sort by author date and run it again.
+
+----
+static void final_rev_info_setup(int argc, const char **argv,
+		const char *prefix, struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	...
+
+	rev->topo_order = 1;
+	rev->sort_order = REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE;
+
+	...
+}
+----
+
+----
+$ make
+$ ./bin-wrappers/git walken > author-date.txt
+----
+
+Finally, compare the two. This is a little less helpful without object names or
+dates, but hopefully we get the idea.
+
+----
+$ diff -u commit-date.txt author-date.txt
+----
+
+This display indicates that commits can be reordered after they're written, for
+example with `git rebase`.
+
+Let's try one more reordering of commits. `rev_info` exposes a `reverse` flag.
+Set that flag somewhere inside of `final_rev_info_setup()`:
+
+----
+static void final_rev_info_setup(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
+		struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	...
+
+	rev->reverse = 1;
+
+	...
+}
+----
+
+Run your walk again and note the difference in order. (If you remove the grep
+pattern, you should see the last commit this call gives you as your current
+HEAD.)
+
+== Basic Object Walk
+
+So far we've been walking only commits. But Git has more types of objects than
+that! Let's see if we can walk _all_ objects, and find out some information
+about each one.
+
+We can base our work on an example. `git pack-objects` prepares all kinds of
+objects for packing into a bitmap or packfile. The work we are interested in
+resides in `builtins/pack-objects.c:get_object_list()`; examination of that
+function shows that the all-object walk is being performed by
+`traverse_commit_list()` or `traverse_commit_list_filtered()`. Those two
+functions reside in `list-objects.c`; examining the source shows that, despite
+the name, these functions traverse all kinds of objects. Let's have a look at
+the arguments to `traverse_commit_list_filtered()`, which are a superset of the
+arguments to the unfiltered version.
+
+- `struct list_objects_filter_options *filter_options`: This is a struct which
+  stores a filter-spec as outlined in `Documentation/rev-list-options.txt`.
+- `struct rev_info *revs`: This is the `rev_info` used for the walk.
+- `show_commit_fn show_commit`: A callback which will be used to handle each
+  individual commit object.
+- `show_object_fn show_object`: A callback which will be used to handle each
+  non-commit object (so each blob, tree, or tag).
+- `void *show_data`: A context buffer which is passed in turn to `show_commit`
+  and `show_object`.
+- `struct oidset *omitted`: A linked-list of object IDs which the provided
+  filter caused to be omitted.
+
+It looks like this `traverse_commit_list_filtered()` uses callbacks we provide
+instead of needing us to call it repeatedly ourselves. Cool! Let's add the
+callbacks first.
+
+For the sake of this tutorial, we'll simply keep track of how many of each kind
+of object we find. At file scope in `builtin/walken.c` add the following
+tracking variables:
+
+----
+static int commit_count;
+static int tag_count;
+static int blob_count;
+static int tree_count;
+----
+
+Commits are handled by a different callback than other objects; let's do that
+one first:
+
+----
+static void walken_show_commit(struct commit *cmt, void *buf)
+{
+	commit_count++;
+}
+----
+
+The `cmt` argument is fairly self-explanatory. But it's worth mentioning that
+the `buf` argument is actually the context buffer that we can provide to the
+traversal calls - `show_data`, which we mentioned a moment ago.
+
+Since we have the `struct commit` object, we can look at all the same parts that
+we looked at in our earlier commit-only walk. For the sake of this tutorial,
+though, we'll just increment the commit counter and move on.
+
+The callback for non-commits is a little different, as we'll need to check
+which kind of object we're dealing with:
+
+----
+static void walken_show_object(struct object *obj, const char *str, void *buf)
+{
+	switch (obj->type) {
+	case OBJ_TREE:
+		tree_count++;
+		break;
+	case OBJ_BLOB:
+		blob_count++;
+		break;
+	case OBJ_TAG:
+		tag_count++;
+		break;
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+		BUG("unexpected commit object in walken_show_object\n");
+	default:
+		BUG("unexpected object type %s in walken_show_object\n",
+			type_name(obj->type));
+	}
+}
+----
+
+Again, `obj` is fairly self-explanatory, and we can guess that `buf` is the same
+context pointer that `walken_show_commit()` receives: the `show_data` argument
+to `traverse_commit_list()` and `traverse_commit_list_filtered()`. Finally,
+`str` contains the name of the object, which ends up being something like
+`foo.txt` (blob), `bar/baz` (tree), or `v1.2.3` (tag).
+
+To help assure us that we aren't double-counting commits, we'll include some
+complaining if a commit object is routed through our non-commit callback; we'll
+also complain if we see an invalid object type. Since those two cases should be
+unreachable, and would only change in the event of a semantic change to the Git
+codebase, we complain by using `BUG()` - which is a signal to a developer that
+the change they made caused unintended consequences, and the rest of the
+codebase needs to be updated to understand that change. `BUG()` is not intended
+to be seen by the public, so it is not localized.
+
+Our main object walk implementation is substantially different from our commit
+walk implementation, so let's make a new function to perform the object walk. We
+can perform setup which is applicable to all objects here, too, to keep separate
+from setup which is applicable to commit-only walks.
+
+We'll start by enabling all types of objects in the `struct rev_info`.  We'll
+also turn on `tree_blobs_in_commit_order`, which means that we will walk a
+commit's tree and everything it points to immediately after we find each commit,
+as opposed to waiting for the end and walking through all trees after the commit
+history has been discovered. With the appropriate settings configured, we are
+ready to call `prepare_revision_walk()`.
+
+----
+static void walken_object_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	rev->tree_objects = 1;
+	rev->blob_objects = 1;
+	rev->tag_objects = 1;
+	rev->tree_blobs_in_commit_order = 1;
+
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(rev))
+		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
+
+	commit_count = 0;
+	tag_count = 0;
+	blob_count = 0;
+	tree_count = 0;
+----
+
+Let's start by calling just the unfiltered walk and reporting our counts.
+Complete your implementation of `walken_object_walk()`:
+
+----
+	traverse_commit_list(rev, walken_show_commit, walken_show_object, NULL);
+
+	printf("commits %d\nblobs %d\ntags %d\ntrees %d\n", commit_count,
+		blob_count, tag_count, tree_count);
+}
+----
+
+NOTE: This output is intended to be machine-parsed. Therefore, we are not
+sending it to `trace_printf()`, and we are not localizing it - we need scripts
+to be able to count on the formatting to be exactly the way it is shown here.
+If we were intending this output to be read by humans, we would need to localize
+it with `_()`.
+
+Finally, we'll ask `cmd_walken()` to use the object walk instead. Discussing
+command line options is out of scope for this tutorial, so we'll just hardcode
+a branch we can change at compile time. Where you call `final_rev_info_setup()`
+and `walken_commit_walk()`, instead branch like so:
+
+----
+	if (1) {
+		add_head_to_pending(&rev);
+		walken_object_walk(&rev);
+	} else {
+		final_rev_info_setup(argc, argv, prefix, &rev);
+		walken_commit_walk(&rev);
+	}
+----
+
+NOTE: For simplicity, we've avoided all the filters and sorts we applied in
+`final_rev_info_setup()` and simply added `HEAD` to our pending queue. If you
+want, you can certainly use the filters we added before by moving
+`final_rev_info_setup()` out of the conditional and removing the call to
+`add_head_to_pending()`.
+
+Now we can try to run our command! It should take noticeably longer than the
+commit walk, but an examination of the output will give you an idea why. Your
+output should look similar to this example, but with different counts:
+
+----
+Object walk completed. Found 55733 commits, 100274 blobs, 0 tags, and 104210 trees.
+----
+
+This makes sense. We have more trees than commits because the Git project has
+lots of subdirectories which can change, plus at least one tree per commit. We
+have no tags because we started on a commit (`HEAD`) and while tags can point to
+commits, commits can't point to tags.
+
+NOTE: You will have different counts when you run this yourself! The number of
+objects grows along with the Git project.
+
+=== Adding a Filter
+
+There are a handful of filters that we can apply to the object walk laid out in
+`Documentation/rev-list-options.txt`. These filters are typically useful for
+operations such as creating packfiles or performing a partial clone. They are
+defined in `list-objects-filter-options.h`. For the purposes of this tutorial we
+will use the "tree:1" filter, which causes the walk to omit all trees and blobs
+which are not directly referenced by commits reachable from the commit in
+`pending` when the walk begins. (`pending` is the list of objects which need to
+be traversed during a walk; you can imagine a breadth-first tree traversal to
+help understand. In our case, that means we omit trees and blobs not directly
+referenced by `HEAD` or `HEAD`'s history, because we begin the walk with only
+`HEAD` in the `pending` list.)
+
+First, we'll need to `#include "list-objects-filter-options.h`" and set up the
+`struct list_objects_filter_options` at the top of the function.
+
+----
+static void walken_object_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	struct list_objects_filter_options filter_options = {};
+
+	...
+----
+
+For now, we are not going to track the omitted objects, so we'll replace those
+parameters with `NULL`. For the sake of simplicity, we'll add a simple
+build-time branch to use our filter or not. Replace the line calling
+`traverse_commit_list()` with the following, which will remind us which kind of
+walk we've just performed:
+
+----
+	if (0) {
+		/* Unfiltered: */
+		trace_printf(_("Unfiltered object walk.\n"));
+		traverse_commit_list(rev, walken_show_commit,
+				walken_show_object, NULL);
+	} else {
+		trace_printf(
+			_("Filtered object walk with filterspec 'tree:1'.\n"));
+		parse_list_objects_filter(&filter_options, "tree:1");
+
+		traverse_commit_list_filtered(&filter_options, rev,
+			walken_show_commit, walken_show_object, NULL, NULL);
+	}
+----
+
+`struct list_objects_filter_options` is usually built directly from a command
+line argument, so the module provides an easy way to build one from a string.
+Even though we aren't taking user input right now, we can still build one with
+a hardcoded string using `parse_list_objects_filter()`.
+
+With the filter spec "tree:1", we are expecting to see _only_ the root tree for
+each commit; therefore, the tree object count should be less than or equal to
+the number of commits. (For an example of why that's true: `git commit --revert`
+points to the same tree object as its grandparent.)
+
+=== Counting Omitted Objects
+
+We also have the capability to enumerate all objects which were omitted by a
+filter, like with `git log --filter=<spec> --filter-print-omitted`. Asking
+`traverse_commit_list_filtered()` to populate the `omitted` list means that our
+object walk does not perform any better than an unfiltered object walk; all
+reachable objects are walked in order to populate the list.
+
+First, add the `struct oidset` and related items we will use to iterate it:
+
+----
+static void walken_object_walk(
+	...
+
+	struct oidset omitted;
+	struct oidset_iter oit;
+	struct object_id *oid = NULL;
+	int omitted_count = 0;
+	oidset_init(&omitted, 0);
+
+	...
+----
+
+Modify the call to `traverse_commit_list_filtered()` to include your `omitted`
+object:
+
+----
+	...
+
+		traverse_commit_list_filtered(&filter_options, rev,
+			walken_show_commit, walken_show_object, NULL, &omitted);
+
+	...
+----
+
+Then, after your traversal, the `oidset` traversal is pretty straightforward.
+Count all the objects within and modify the print statement:
+
+----
+	/* Count the omitted objects. */
+	oidset_iter_init(&omitted, &oit);
+
+	while ((oid = oidset_iter_next(&oit)))
+		omitted_count++;
+
+	printf("commits %d\nblobs %d\ntags %d\ntrees%d\nomitted %d\n",
+		commit_count, blob_count, tag_count, tree_count, omitted_count);
+----
+
+By running your walk with and without the filter, you should find that the total
+object count in each case is identical. You can also time each invocation of
+the `walken` subcommand, with and without `omitted` being passed in, to confirm
+to yourself the runtime impact of tracking all omitted objects.
+
+=== Changing the Order
+
+Finally, let's demonstrate that you can also reorder walks of all objects, not
+just walks of commits. First, we'll make our handlers chattier - modify
+`walken_show_commit()` and `walken_show_object()` to print the object as they
+go:
+
+----
+static void walken_show_commit(struct commit *cmt, void *buf)
+{
+	trace_printf("commit: %s\n", oid_to_hex(&cmt->object.oid));
+	commit_count++;
+}
+
+static void walken_show_object(struct object *obj, const char *str, void *buf)
+{
+	trace_printf("%s: %s\n", type_name(obj->type), oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
+
+	...
+}
+----
+
+NOTE: Since we will be examining this output directly as humans, we'll use
+`trace_printf()` here. Additionally, since this change introduces a significant
+number of printed lines, using `trace_printf()` will allow us to easily silence
+those lines without having to recompile.
+
+(Leave the counter increment logic in place.)
+
+With only that change, run again (but save yourself some scrollback):
+
+----
+$ GIT_TRACE=1 ./bin-wrappers/git walken | head -n 10
+----
+
+Take a look at the top commit with `git show` and the object ID you printed; it
+should be the same as the output of `git show HEAD`.
+
+Next, let's change a setting on our `struct rev_info` within
+`walken_object_walk()`. Find where you're changing the other settings on `rev`,
+such as `rev->tree_objects` and `rev->tree_blobs_in_commit_order`, and add the
+`reverse` setting at the bottom:
+
+----
+	...
+
+	rev->tree_objects = 1;
+	rev->blob_objects = 1;
+	rev->tag_objects = 1;
+	rev->tree_blobs_in_commit_order = 1;
+	rev->reverse = 1;
+
+	...
+----
+
+Now, run again, but this time, let's grab the last handful of objects instead
+of the first handful:
+
+----
+$ make
+$ GIT_TRACE=1 ./bin-wrappers git walken | tail -n 10
+----
+
+The last commit object given should have the same OID as the one we saw at the
+top before, and running `git show <oid>` with that OID should give you again
+the same results as `git show HEAD`. Furthermore, if you run and examine the
+first ten lines again (with `head` instead of `tail` like we did before applying
+the `reverse` setting), you should see that now the first commit printed is the
+initial commit, `e83c5163`.
+
+== Wrapping Up
+
+Let's review. In this tutorial, we:
+
+- Built a commit walk from the ground up
+- Enabled a grep filter for that commit walk
+- Changed the sort order of that filtered commit walk
+- Built an object walk (tags, commits, trees, and blobs) from the ground up
+- Learned how to add a filter-spec to an object walk
+- Changed the display order of the filtered object walk
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.0.txt
index daf4bdb0d7..d6d42f3183 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.0.txt
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ Updates in v1.5.0 since v1.4.4 series
    the repository when that happens.
 
 
-* Crufts removal
+* Cruft removal
 
  - We used to say "old commits are retrievable using reflog and
    'master@{yesterday}' syntax as long as you haven't run
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ Updates in v1.5.0 since v1.4.4 series
  - The value of i18n.commitencoding in the originating
    repository is recorded in the commit object on the "encoding"
    header, if it is not UTF-8.  git-log and friends notice this,
-   and reencodes the message to the log output encoding when
+   and re-encodes the message to the log output encoding when
    displaying, if they are different.  The log output encoding
    is determined by "git log --encoding=<encoding>",
    i18n.logoutputencoding configuration, or i18n.commitencoding
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.2.txt
index ad060f4f89..980adfb315 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.2.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ push running this release will issue a big warning when the
 configuration variable is missing.  Please refer to:
 
   http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/GitFaq#non-bare
-  http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/107758/focus=108007
+  https://lore.kernel.org/git/7vbptlsuyv.fsf@gitster.siamese.dyndns.org/
 
 for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the
 transition plan.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.3.txt
index 418c685cf8..4bcff945e0 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.3.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ push running this release will issue a big warning when the
 configuration variable is missing.  Please refer to:
 
   http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/GitFaq#non-bare
-  http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/107758/focus=108007
+  https://lore.kernel.org/git/7vbptlsuyv.fsf@gitster.siamese.dyndns.org/
 
 for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the
 transition plan.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.4.txt
index 7a904419f7..a2a34b43a7 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.4.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ push running this release will issue a big warning when the
 configuration variable is missing.  Please refer to:
 
   http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/GitFaq#non-bare
-  http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/107758/focus=108007
+  https://lore.kernel.org/git/7vbptlsuyv.fsf@gitster.siamese.dyndns.org/
 
 for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the
 transition plan.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.5.4.txt
index d3a2a3e712..344333de66 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.5.4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.5.4.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Fixes since v1.6.5.3
 
  * "git prune-packed" gave progress output even when its standard error is
    not connected to a terminal; this caused cron jobs that run it to
-   produce crufts.
+   produce cruft.
 
  * "git pack-objects --all-progress" is an option to ask progress output
    from write-object phase _if_ progress output were to be produced, and
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.5.txt
index ee141c19ad..6c7f7da7eb 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.5.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.5.txt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ push running this release will issue a big warning when the
 configuration variable is missing.  Please refer to:
 
   http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/GitFaq#non-bare
-  http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/107758/focus=108007
+  https://lore.kernel.org/git/7vbptlsuyv.fsf@gitster.siamese.dyndns.org/
 
 for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the
 transition plan.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.6.txt
index c50b59c495..3ed1e01433 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.6.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.6.txt
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ users will fare this time.
    Please refer to:
 
    http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/GitFaq#non-bare
-   http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/107758/focus=108007
+   https://lore.kernel.org/git/7vbptlsuyv.fsf@gitster.siamese.dyndns.org/
 
    for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the
    transition process that already took place so far.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.0.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.0.2.txt
index fcb46ca6a4..73ed2b5278 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.0.2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.0.2.txt
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.0.1
  * "git status" in 1.7.0 lacked the optimization we used to have in 1.6.X series
    to speed up scanning of large working tree.
 
- * "gitweb" did not diagnose parsing errors properly while reading tis configuration
+ * "gitweb" did not diagnose parsing errors properly while reading its configuration
    file.
 
 And other minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt
index 326670df6e..57597f2bf3 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.10.3
  * The message file for Swedish translation has been updated a bit.
 
  * A name taken from mailmap was copied into an internal buffer
-   incorrectly and could overun the buffer if it is too long.
+   incorrectly and could overrun the buffer if it is too long.
 
  * A malformed commit object that has a header line chomped in the
    middle could kill git with a NULL pointer dereference.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt
index ecda427a35..4b822976b8 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.12.2
    its Accept-Encoding header.
 
  * "git receive-pack" (the counterpart to "git push") did not give
-   progress output while processing objects it received to the puser
+   progress output while processing objects it received to the user
    when run over the smart-http protocol.
 
  * "git status" honored the ignore=dirty settings in .gitmodules but
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.3.txt
index 9c03353af2..1d24edcf2f 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.3.txt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.5.2
  * "git log --stdin path" with an input that has additional pathspec
    used to corrupt memory.
 
- * "git send-pack" (hence "git push") over smalt-HTTP protocol could
+ * "git send-pack" (hence "git push") over smart-HTTP protocol could
    deadlock when the client side pack-object died early.
 
  * Compressed tarball gitweb generates used to be made with the timestamp
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt
index 43883c14f0..63d6e4afa4 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ to them for details).
    together, misdetected branches.
 
  * "git receive-pack" (the counterpart to "git push") did not give
-   progress output while processing objects it received to the puser
+   progress output while processing objects it received to the user
    when run over the smart-http protocol.
 
  * When you misspell the command name you give to the "exec" action in
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt
index 96090ef599..c257beb114 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Fixes since v1.8.4
    in 1.8.4-rc1).
 
  * "git rebase -i" and other scripted commands were feeding a
-   random, data dependant error message to 'echo' and expecting it
+   random, data dependent error message to 'echo' and expecting it
    to come out literally.
 
  * Setting the "submodule.<name>.path" variable to the empty
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt
index 02f681b710..255e185af6 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports.
    credential helper interface from Git.pm.
 
  * Update build for Cygwin 1.[57].  Torsten Bögershausen reports that
-   this is fine with Cygwin 1.7 ($gmane/225824) so let's try moving it
+   this is fine with Cygwin 1.7 (cf. <51A606A0.5060101@web.de>) so let's try moving it
    ahead.
 
  * The credential helper to talk to keychain on OS X (in contrib/) has
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.3.txt
index acc9ebb886..0dfb17c4fc 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.3.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Git v2.1.3 Release Notes
    they are new enough to support the `--output` option.
 
  * "git pack-objects" forgot to disable the codepath to generate
-   object recheability bitmap when it needs to split the resulting
+   object reachability bitmap when it needs to split the resulting
    pack.
 
  * "gitweb" used deprecated CGI::startfrom, which was removed from
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.10.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.10.0.txt
index f4da28ab66..3792b7d03d 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.10.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.10.0.txt
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ notes for details).
  * One part of "git am" had an oddball helper function that called
    stuff from outside "his" as opposed to calling what we have "ours",
    which was not gender-neutral and also inconsistent with the rest of
-   the system where outside stuff is usuall called "theirs" in
+   the system where outside stuff is usually called "theirs" in
    contrast to "ours".
 
  * "git blame file" allowed the lineage of lines in the uncommitted,
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.10.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.10.2.txt
index c4d4397023..abbd331508 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.10.2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.10.2.txt
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Fixes since v2.10.1
    by refusing to check out a branch that is already checked out in
    another worktree.  However, this also prevented checking out a
    branch, which is designated as the primary branch of a bare
-   reopsitory, in a worktree that is connected to the bare
+   repository, in a worktree that is connected to the bare
    repository.  The check has been corrected to allow it.
 
  * "git rebase" immediately after "git clone" failed to find the fork
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.11.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.11.1.txt
index 9cd14c8197..7d35cf186d 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.11.1.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.11.1.txt
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ Fixes since v2.11
    "git difftool --dir-diff" from a subdirectory never worked. This
    has been fixed.
 
- * "git p4" that tracks multile p4 paths imported a single changelist
+ * "git p4" that tracks multiple p4 paths imported a single changelist
    that touches files in these multiple paths as one commit, followed
    by many empty commits.  This has been fixed.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.12.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.12.0.txt
index ef8b97da9b..d2f6a83614 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.12.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.12.0.txt
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ notes for details).
    "git difftool --dir-diff" from a subdirectory never worked. This
    has been fixed.
 
- * "git p4" that tracks multile p4 paths imported a single changelist
+ * "git p4" that tracks multiple p4 paths imported a single changelist
    that touches files in these multiple paths as one commit, followed
    by many empty commits.  This has been fixed.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.0.txt
index aa99d4b3ce..2a47b4cb0c 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.0.txt
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ UI, Workflows & Features
    been changed to enable "--decorate".
 
  * The output from "git status --short" has been extended to show
-   various kinds of dirtyness in submodules differently; instead of to
+   various kinds of dirtiness in submodules differently; instead of to
    "M" for modified, 'm' and '?' can be shown to signal changes only
    to the working tree of the submodule but not the commit that is
    checked out.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.3.txt
index 5d76ad5310..384e4de265 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.3.txt
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Fixes since v2.13.2
  * The code to pick up and execute command alias definition from the
    configuration used to switch to the top of the working tree and
    then come back when the expanded alias was executed, which was
-   unnecessarilyl complex.  Attempt to simplify the logic by using the
+   unnecessarily complex.  Attempt to simplify the logic by using the
    early-config mechanism that does not chdir around.
 
  * "git add -p" were updated in 2.12 timeframe to cope with custom
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Fixes since v2.13.2
  * Fix a recent regression to "git rebase -i" and add tests that would
    have caught it and others.
 
- * An unaligned 32-bit access in pack-bitmap code ahs been corrected.
+ * An unaligned 32-bit access in pack-bitmap code has been corrected.
 
  * Tighten error checks for invalid "git apply" input.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.14.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.14.0.txt
index 4246c68ff5..2711a2529d 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.14.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.14.0.txt
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
  * Some platforms have ulong that is smaller than time_t, and our
    historical use of ulong for timestamp would mean they cannot
    represent some timestamp that the platform allows.  Invent a
-   separate and dedicated timestamp_t (so that we can distingiuish
+   separate and dedicated timestamp_t (so that we can distinguish
    timestamps and a vanilla ulongs, which along is already a good
    move), and then declare uintmax_t is the type to be used as the
    timestamp_t.
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ notes for details).
  * The code to pick up and execute command alias definition from the
    configuration used to switch to the top of the working tree and
    then come back when the expanded alias was executed, which was
-   unnecessarilyl complex.  Attempt to simplify the logic by using the
+   unnecessarily complex.  Attempt to simplify the logic by using the
    early-config mechanism that does not chdir around.
 
  * Fix configuration codepath to pay proper attention to commondir
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.14.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.14.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..72b7af6799
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.14.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+Git v2.14.6 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release addresses the security issues CVE-2019-1348,
+CVE-2019-1349, CVE-2019-1350, CVE-2019-1351, CVE-2019-1352,
+CVE-2019-1353, CVE-2019-1354, and CVE-2019-1387.
+
+Fixes since v2.14.5
+-------------------
+
+ * CVE-2019-1348:
+   The --export-marks option of git fast-import is exposed also via
+   the in-stream command feature export-marks=... and it allows
+   overwriting arbitrary paths.
+
+ * CVE-2019-1349:
+   When submodules are cloned recursively, under certain circumstances
+   Git could be fooled into using the same Git directory twice. We now
+   require the directory to be empty.
+
+ * CVE-2019-1350:
+   Incorrect quoting of command-line arguments allowed remote code
+   execution during a recursive clone in conjunction with SSH URLs.
+
+ * CVE-2019-1351:
+   While the only permitted drive letters for physical drives on
+   Windows are letters of the US-English alphabet, this restriction
+   does not apply to virtual drives assigned via subst <letter>:
+   <path>. Git mistook such paths for relative paths, allowing writing
+   outside of the worktree while cloning.
+
+ * CVE-2019-1352:
+   Git was unaware of NTFS Alternate Data Streams, allowing files
+   inside the .git/ directory to be overwritten during a clone.
+
+ * CVE-2019-1353:
+   When running Git in the Windows Subsystem for Linux (also known as
+   "WSL") while accessing a working directory on a regular Windows
+   drive, none of the NTFS protections were active.
+
+ * CVE-2019-1354:
+   Filenames on Linux/Unix can contain backslashes. On Windows,
+   backslashes are directory separators. Git did not use to refuse to
+   write out tracked files with such filenames.
+
+ * CVE-2019-1387:
+   Recursive clones are currently affected by a vulnerability that is
+   caused by too-lax validation of submodule names, allowing very
+   targeted attacks via remote code execution in recursive clones.
+
+Credit for finding these vulnerabilities goes to Microsoft Security
+Response Center, in particular to Nicolas Joly. The `fast-import`
+fixes were provided by Jeff King, the other fixes by Johannes
+Schindelin with help from Garima Singh.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dc241cba34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Git v2.15.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.14.6 to address
+the security issues CVE-2019-1348, CVE-2019-1349, CVE-2019-1350,
+CVE-2019-1351, CVE-2019-1352, CVE-2019-1353, CVE-2019-1354, and
+CVE-2019-1387; see the release notes for that version for details.
+
+In conjunction with a vulnerability that was fixed in v2.20.2,
+`.gitmodules` is no longer allowed to contain entries of the form
+`submodule.<name>.update=!command`.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.0.txt
index 0c81c5915f..b474781ed8 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.0.txt
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ Fixes since v2.15
    (merge eef3df5a93 bw/pathspec-match-submodule-boundary later to maint).
 
  * Amending commits in git-gui broke the author name that is non-ascii
-   due to incorrect enconding conversion.
+   due to incorrect encoding conversion.
 
  * Recent update to the submodule configuration code broke "diff-tree"
    by accidentally stopping to read from the index upfront.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.3.txt
index 64a0bcb0d2..f0121a8f2d 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.3.txt
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Fixes since v2.16.2
 
  * The http tracing code, often used to debug connection issues,
    learned to redact potentially sensitive information from its output
-   so that it can be more safely sharable.
+   so that it can be more safely shareable.
 
  * Crash fix for a corner case where an error codepath tried to unlock
    what it did not acquire lock on.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..438306e60b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Git v2.16.6 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.14.6 and in
+v2.15.4 addressing the security issues CVE-2019-1348, CVE-2019-1349,
+CVE-2019-1350, CVE-2019-1351, CVE-2019-1352, CVE-2019-1353,
+CVE-2019-1354, and CVE-2019-1387; see the release notes for those
+versions for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.0.txt
index c2cf891f71..8b17c26033 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.0.txt
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ Fixes since v2.16
 
  * The http tracing code, often used to debug connection issues,
    learned to redact potentially sensitive information from its output
-   so that it can be more safely sharable.
+   so that it can be more safely shareable.
    (merge 8ba18e6fa4 jt/http-redact-cookies later to maint).
 
  * Crash fix for a corner case where an error codepath tried to unlock
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a46c94271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Git v2.17.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.14.6 and in
+v2.15.4 addressing the security issues CVE-2019-1348, CVE-2019-1349,
+CVE-2019-1350, CVE-2019-1351, CVE-2019-1352, CVE-2019-1353,
+CVE-2019-1354, and CVE-2019-1387; see the release notes for those
+versions for details.
+
+In addition, `git fsck` was taught to identify `.gitmodules` entries
+of the form `submodule.<name>.update=!command`, which have been
+disallowed in v2.15.4.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d794ca01a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Git v2.17.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release is to address the security issue: CVE-2020-5260
+
+Fixes since v2.17.3
+-------------------
+
+ * With a crafted URL that contains a newline in it, the credential
+   helper machinery can be fooled to give credential information for
+   a wrong host.  The attack has been made impossible by forbidding
+   a newline character in any value passed via the credential
+   protocol.
+
+Credit for finding the vulnerability goes to Felix Wilhelm of Google
+Project Zero.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2abb821a73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Git v2.17.5 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release is to address a security issue: CVE-2020-11008
+
+Fixes since v2.17.4
+-------------------
+
+ * With a crafted URL that contains a newline or empty host, or lacks
+   a scheme, the credential helper machinery can be fooled into
+   providing credential information that is not appropriate for the
+   protocol in use and host being contacted.
+
+   Unlike the vulnerability CVE-2020-5260 fixed in v2.17.4, the
+   credentials are not for a host of the attacker's choosing; instead,
+   they are for some unspecified host (based on how the configured
+   credential helper handles an absent "host" parameter).
+
+   The attack has been made impossible by refusing to work with
+   under-specified credential patterns.
+
+Credit for finding the vulnerability goes to Carlo Arenas.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.0.txt
index 3ea280cf68..6c8a0e97c1 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.0.txt
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
    (merge 00a3da2a13 nd/remove-ignore-env-field later to maint).
 
  * Code to find the length to uniquely abbreviate object names based
-   on packfile content, which is a relatively recent addtion, has been
+   on packfile content, which is a relatively recent addition, has been
    optimized to use the same fan-out table.
 
  * The mechanism to use parse-options API to automate the command line
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..98b168aade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Git v2.18.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.14.6, v2.15.4
+and in v2.17.3, addressing the security issues CVE-2019-1348,
+CVE-2019-1349, CVE-2019-1350, CVE-2019-1351, CVE-2019-1352,
+CVE-2019-1353, CVE-2019-1354, and CVE-2019-1387; see the release notes
+for those versions for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25143f0cec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.18.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8ef858a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.18.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.0.txt
index a06ccf6e2a..891c79b9cb 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.0.txt
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
  * The conversion to pass "the_repository" and then "a_repository"
    throughout the object access API continues.
 
- * Continuing with the idea to programatically enumerate various
+ * Continuing with the idea to programmatically enumerate various
    pieces of data required for command line completion, teach the
    codebase to report the list of configuration variables
    subcommands care about to help complete them.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92d7f89de6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Git v2.19.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.14.6, v2.15.4
+and in v2.17.3, addressing the security issues CVE-2019-1348,
+CVE-2019-1349, CVE-2019-1350, CVE-2019-1351, CVE-2019-1352,
+CVE-2019-1353, CVE-2019-1354, and CVE-2019-1387; see the release notes
+for those versions for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35d0ae561b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.19.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18a4dcbfd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.19.5 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.0.txt
index e71fe3dee1..3dd7e6e1fc 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.0.txt
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ UI, Workflows & Features
    alias expansion.
 
  * The documentation of "git gc" has been updated to mention that it
-   is no longer limited to "pruning away crufts" but also updates
+   is no longer limited to "pruning away cruft" but also updates
    ancillary files like commit-graph as a part of repository
    optimization.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e680cb9fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Git v2.20.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.14.6, v2.15.4
+and in v2.17.3, addressing the security issues CVE-2019-1348,
+CVE-2019-1349, CVE-2019-1350, CVE-2019-1351, CVE-2019-1352,
+CVE-2019-1353, CVE-2019-1354, and CVE-2019-1387; see the release notes
+for those versions for details.
+
+The change to disallow `submodule.<name>.update=!command` entries in
+`.gitmodules` which was introduced v2.15.4 (and for which v2.17.3
+added explicit fsck checks) fixes the vulnerability in v2.20.x where a
+recursive clone followed by a submodule update could execute code
+contained within the repository without the user explicitly having
+asked for that (CVE-2019-19604).
+
+Credit for finding this vulnerability goes to Joern Schneeweisz,
+credit for the fixes goes to Jonathan Nieder.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f6eccd103b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.20.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a9e24e470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.20.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b7594151e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Git v2.21.1 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.14.6, v2.15.4,
+v2.17.3 and in v2.20.2, addressing the security issues CVE-2019-1348,
+CVE-2019-1349, CVE-2019-1350, CVE-2019-1351, CVE-2019-1352,
+CVE-2019-1353, CVE-2019-1354, CVE-2019-1387, and CVE-2019-19604;
+see the release notes for those versions for details.
+
+Additionally, this version also includes a couple of fixes for the
+Windows-specific quoting of command-line arguments when Git executes
+a Unix shell on Windows.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0fb83bb53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.21.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ca0aa5c62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.21.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..940a23f0d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Git v2.22.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.14.6, v2.15.4,
+v2.17.3, v2.20.2 and in v2.21.1, addressing the security issues
+CVE-2019-1348, CVE-2019-1349, CVE-2019-1350, CVE-2019-1351,
+CVE-2019-1352, CVE-2019-1353, CVE-2019-1354, CVE-2019-1387, and
+CVE-2019-19604; see the release notes for those versions for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57296f6d17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.22.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b5f3e3f37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.22.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2083b492ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Git v2.23.1 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.14.6, v2.15.4,
+v2.17.3, v2.20.2 and in v2.21.1, addressing the security issues
+CVE-2019-1348, CVE-2019-1349, CVE-2019-1350, CVE-2019-1351,
+CVE-2019-1352, CVE-2019-1353, CVE-2019-1354, CVE-2019-1387, and
+CVE-2019-19604; see the release notes for those versions for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b697cbe0e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.23.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e35490137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.23.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bde154124c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+Git 2.24 Release Notes
+======================
+
+Updates since v2.23
+-------------------
+
+Backward compatibility note
+
+ * "filter-branch" is showing its age and alternatives are available.
+   From this release, we started to discourage its use and hint
+   people about filter-repo.
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * We now have an active interim maintainer for the Git-Gui part of
+   the system.  Praise and thank Pratyush Yadav for volunteering.
+
+ * The command line parser learned "--end-of-options" notation; the
+   standard convention for scripters to have hardcoded set of options
+   first on the command line, and force the command to treat end-user
+   input as non-options, has been to use "--" as the delimiter, but
+   that would not work for commands that use "--" as a delimiter
+   between revs and pathspec.
+
+ * A mechanism to affect the default setting for a (related) group of
+   configuration variables is introduced.
+
+ * "git fetch" learned "--set-upstream" option to help those who first
+   clone from their private fork they intend to push to, add the true
+   upstream via "git remote add" and then "git fetch" from it.
+
+ * Device-tree files learned their own userdiff patterns.
+   (merge 3c81760bc6 sb/userdiff-dts later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase --rebase-merges" learned to drive different merge
+   strategies and pass strategy specific options to them.
+
+ * A new "pre-merge-commit" hook has been introduced.
+
+ * Command line completion updates for "git -c var.name=val" have been
+   added.
+
+ * The lazy clone machinery has been taught that there can be more
+   than one promisor remote and consult them in order when downloading
+   missing objects on demand.
+
+ * The list-objects-filter API (used to create a sparse/lazy clone)
+   learned to take a combined filter specification.
+
+ * The documentation and tests for "git format-patch" have been
+   cleaned up.
+
+ * On Windows, the root level of UNC share is now allowed to be used
+   just like any other directory.
+
+ * The command line completion support (in contrib/) learned about the
+   "--skip" option of "git revert" and "git cherry-pick".
+
+ * "git rebase --keep-base <upstream>" tries to find the original base
+   of the topic being rebased and rebase on top of that same base,
+   which is useful when running the "git rebase -i" (and its limited
+   variant "git rebase -x").
+
+   The command also has learned to fast-forward in more cases where it
+   can instead of replaying to recreate identical commits.
+
+ * A configuration variable tells "git fetch" to write the commit
+   graph after finishing.
+
+ * "git add -i" has been taught to show the total number of hunks and
+   the hunks that has been processed so far when showing prompts.
+
+ * "git fetch --jobs=<n>" allowed <n> parallel jobs when fetching
+   submodules, but this did not apply to "git fetch --multiple" that
+   fetches from multiple remote repositories.  It now does.
+
+ * The installation instruction for zsh completion script (in
+   contrib/) has been a bit improved.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * The code to write commit-graph over given commit object names has
+   been made a bit more robust.
+
+ * The first line of verbose output from each test piece now carries
+   the test name and number to help scanning with eyeballs.
+
+ * Further clean-up of the initialization code.
+
+ * xmalloc() used to have a mechanism to ditch memory and address
+   space resources as the last resort upon seeing an allocation
+   failure from the underlying malloc(), which made the code complex
+   and thread-unsafe with dubious benefit, as major memory resource
+   users already do limit their uses with various other mechanisms.
+   It has been simplified away.
+
+ * Unnecessary full-tree diff in "git log -L" machinery has been
+   optimized away.
+
+ * The http transport lacked some optimization the native transports
+   learned to avoid unnecessary ref advertisement, which has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * Preparation for SHA-256 upgrade continues in the test department.
+   (merge 0c37c41d13 bc/hash-independent-tests-part-5 later to maint).
+
+ * The memory ownership model of the "git fast-import" got
+   straightened out.
+
+ * Output from trace2 subsystem is formatted more prettily now.
+
+ * The internal code originally invented for ".gitignore" processing
+   got reshuffled and renamed to make it less tied to "excluding" and
+   stress more that it is about "matching", as it has been reused for
+   things like sparse checkout specification that want to check if a
+   path is "included".
+
+ * "git stash" learned to write refreshed index back to disk.
+
+ * Coccinelle checks are done on more source files than before now.
+
+ * The cache-tree code has been taught to be less aggressive in
+   attempting to see if a tree object it computed already exists in
+   the repository.
+
+ * The code to parse and use the commit-graph file has been made more
+   robust against corrupted input.
+
+ * The hg-to-git script (in contrib/) has been updated to work with
+   Python 3.
+
+ * Update the way build artifacts in t/helper/ directory are ignored.
+
+ * Preparation for SHA-256 upgrade continues.
+
+ * "git log --graph" for an octopus merge is sometimes colored
+   incorrectly, which is demonstrated and documented but not yet
+   fixed.
+
+ * The trace2 output, when sending them to files in a designated
+   directory, can populate the directory with too many files; a
+   mechanism is introduced to set the maximum number of files and
+   discard further logs when the maximum is reached.
+
+ * We have adopted a Code-of-conduct document.
+   (merge 3f9ef874a7 jk/coc later to maint).
+
+
+Fixes since v2.23
+-----------------
+
+ * "git grep --recurse-submodules" that looks at the working tree
+   files looked at the contents in the index in submodules, instead of
+   files in the working tree.
+   (merge 6a289d45c0 mt/grep-submodules-working-tree later to maint).
+
+ * Codepaths to walk tree objects have been audited for integer
+   overflows and hardened.
+   (merge 5aa02f9868 jk/tree-walk-overflow later to maint).
+
+ * "git pack-refs" can lose refs that are created while running, which
+   is getting corrected.
+   (merge a613d4f817 sc/pack-refs-deletion-racefix later to maint).
+
+ * "git checkout" and "git restore" to re-populate the index from a
+   tree-ish (typically HEAD) did not work correctly for a path that
+   was removed and then added again with the intent-to-add bit, when
+   the corresponding working tree file was empty.  This has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * Compilation fix.
+   (merge 70597e8386 rs/nedalloc-fixlets later to maint).
+
+ * "git gui" learned to call the clean-up procedure before exiting.
+   (merge 0d88f3d2c5 py/git-gui-do-quit later to maint).
+
+ * We promoted the "indent heuristics" that decides where to split
+   diff hunks from experimental to the default a few years ago, but
+   some stale documentation still marked it as experimental, which has
+   been corrected.
+   (merge 64e5e1fba1 sg/diff-indent-heuristic-non-experimental later to maint).
+
+ * Fix a mismerge that happened in 2.22 timeframe.
+   (merge acb7da05ac en/checkout-mismerge-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git archive" recorded incorrect length in extended pax header in
+   some corner cases, which has been corrected.
+   (merge 71d41ff651 rs/pax-extended-header-length-fix later to maint).
+
+ * On-demand object fetching in lazy clone incorrectly tried to fetch
+   commits from submodule projects, while still working in the
+   superproject, which has been corrected.
+   (merge a63694f523 jt/diff-lazy-fetch-submodule-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Prepare get_short_oid() codepath to be thread-safe.
+   (merge 7cfcb16b0e rs/sort-oid-array-thread-safe later to maint).
+
+ * "for-each-ref" and friends that show refs did not protect themselves
+   against ancient tags that did not record tagger names when asked to
+   show "%(taggername)", which have been corrected.
+   (merge 8b3f33ef11 mp/for-each-ref-missing-name-or-email later to maint).
+
+ * The "git am" based backend of "git rebase" ignored the result of
+   updating ".gitattributes" done in one step when replaying
+   subsequent steps.
+   (merge 2c65d90f75 bc/reread-attributes-during-rebase later to maint).
+
+ * Tell cURL library to use the same malloc() implementation, with the
+   xmalloc() wrapper, as the rest of the system, for consistency.
+   (merge 93b980e58f cb/curl-use-xmalloc later to maint).
+
+ * Build fix to adjust .gitignore to unignore a path that we started to track.
+   (merge aac6ff7b5b js/visual-studio later to maint).
+
+ * A few implementation fixes in the notes API.
+   (merge 60fe477a0b mh/notes-duplicate-entries later to maint).
+
+ * Fix an earlier regression to "git push --all" which should have
+   been forbidden when the target remote repository is set to be a
+   mirror.
+   (merge 8e4c8af058 tg/push-all-in-mirror-forbidden later to maint).
+
+ * Fix an earlier regression in the test suite, which mistakenly
+   stopped running HTTPD tests.
+   (merge 3960290675 sg/git-test-boolean later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase --autostash <upstream> <branch>", when <branch> is
+   different from the current branch, incorrectly moved the tip of the
+   current branch, which has been corrected.
+   (merge bf1e28e0ad bw/rebase-autostash-keep-current-branch later to maint).
+
+ * Update support for Asciidoctor documentation toolchain.
+   (merge 83b0b8953e ma/asciidoctor-refmiscinfo later to maint).
+
+ * Start using DocBook 5 (instead of DocBook 4.5) as Asciidoctor 2.0
+   no longer works with the older one.
+   (merge f6461b82b9 bc/doc-use-docbook-5 later to maint).
+
+ * The markup used in user-manual has been updated to work better with
+   asciidoctor.
+   (merge c4d2f6143a ma/user-manual-markup-update later to maint).
+
+ * Make sure the grep machinery does not abort when seeing a payload
+   that is not UTF-8 even when JIT is not in use with PCRE1.
+   (merge ad7c543e3b cb/skip-utf8-check-with-pcre1 later to maint).
+
+ * The name of the blob object that stores the filter specification
+   for sparse cloning/fetching was interpreted in a wrong place in the
+   code, causing Git to abort.
+
+ * "git log --decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>" was incorrectly
+   overruled when the "--simplify-by-decoration" option is used, which
+   has been corrected.
+   (merge 0cc7380d88 rs/simplify-by-deco-with-deco-refs-exclude later to maint).
+
+ * The "upload-pack" (the counterpart of "git fetch") needs to disable
+   commit-graph when responding to a shallow clone/fetch request, but
+   the way this was done made Git panic, which has been corrected.
+
+ * The object traversal machinery has been optimized not to load tree
+   objects when we are only interested in commit history.
+   (merge 72ed80c784 jk/list-objects-optim-wo-trees later to maint).
+
+ * The object name parser for "Nth parent" syntax has been made more
+   robust against integer overflows.
+   (merge 59fa5f5a25 rs/nth-parent-parse later to maint).
+
+ * The code used in following tags in "git fetch" has been optimized.
+   (merge b7e2d8bca5 ms/fetch-follow-tag-optim later to maint).
+
+ * Regression fix for progress output.
+   (merge 2bb74b53a4 sg/progress-fix later to maint).
+
+ * A bug in merge-recursive code that triggers when a branch with a
+   symbolic link is merged with a branch that replaces it with a
+   directory has been fixed.
+   (merge 83e3ad3b12 jt/merge-recursive-symlink-is-not-a-dir-in-way later to maint).
+
+ * The rename detection logic sorts a list of rename source candidates
+   by similarity to pick the best candidate, which means that a tie
+   between sources with the same similarity is broken by the original
+   location in the original candidate list (which is sorted by path).
+   Force the sorting by similarity done with a stable sort, which is
+   not promised by system supplied qsort(3), to ensure consistent
+   results across platforms.
+   (merge 2049b8dc65 js/diff-rename-force-stable-sort later to maint).
+
+ * The code to skip "UTF" and "UTF-" prefix, when computing an advice
+   message, did not work correctly when the prefix was "UTF", which
+   has been fixed.
+   (merge b181676ce9 rs/convert-fix-utf-without-dash later to maint).
+
+ * The author names taken from SVN repositories may have extra leading
+   or trailing whitespaces, which are now munged away.
+   (merge 4ddd4bddb1 tk/git-svn-trim-author-name later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" showed a wrong HEAD while "reword" open the editor.
+   (merge b0a3186140 pw/rebase-i-show-HEAD-to-reword later to maint).
+
+ * A few simplification and bugfixes to PCRE interface.
+   (merge c581e4a749 ab/pcre-jit-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * PCRE fixes.
+   (merge ff61681b46 cb/pcre1-cleanup later to maint).
+
+ * "git range-diff" segfaulted when diff.noprefix configuration was
+   used, as it blindly expected the patch it internally generates to
+   have the standard a/ and b/ prefixes.  The command now forces the
+   internal patch to be built without any prefix, not to be affected
+   by any end-user configuration.
+   (merge 937b76ed49 js/range-diff-noprefix later to maint).
+
+ * "git stash apply" in a subdirectory of a secondary worktree failed
+   to access the worktree correctly, which has been corrected.
+   (merge dfd557c978 js/stash-apply-in-secondary-worktree later to maint).
+
+ * The merge-recursive machinery is one of the most complex parts of
+   the system that accumulated cruft over time.  This large series
+   cleans up the implementation quite a bit.
+   (merge b657047719 en/merge-recursive-cleanup later to maint).
+
+ * Pretty-printed command line formatter (used in e.g. reporting the
+   command being run by the tracing API) had a bug that lost an
+   argument that is an empty string, which has been corrected.
+   (merge ce2d7ed2fd gs/sq-quote-buf-pretty later to maint).
+
+ * "git range-diff" failed to handle mode-only change, which has been
+   corrected.
+   (merge 2b6a9b13ca tg/range-diff-output-update later to maint).
+
+ * Dev support update.
+   (merge 4f3c1dc5d6 dl/allow-running-cocci-verbosely later to maint).
+
+ * "git format-patch -o <outdir>" did an equivalent of "mkdir <outdir>"
+   not "mkdir -p <outdir>", which was corrected.
+
+ * "git stash save" lost local changes to submodules, which has been
+   corrected.
+   (merge 556895d0c8 jj/stash-reset-only-toplevel later to maint).
+
+ * The atomic push over smart HTTP transport did not work, which has
+   been corrected.
+   (merge 6f1194246a bc/smart-http-atomic-push later to maint).
+
+ * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
+   (merge d1387d3895 en/fast-import-merge-doc later to maint).
+   (merge 1c24a54ea4 bm/repository-layout-typofix later to maint).
+   (merge 415b770b88 ds/midx-expire-repack later to maint).
+   (merge 19800bdc3f nd/diff-parseopt later to maint).
+   (merge 58166c2e9d tg/t0021-racefix later to maint).
+   (merge 7027f508c7 dl/compat-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge e770fbfeff jc/test-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge 1fd881d404 rs/trace2-dst-warning later to maint).
+   (merge 7e92756751 mh/http-urlmatch-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge 9784f97321 mh/release-commit-memory-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 60d198d022 tb/banned-vsprintf-namefix later to maint).
+   (merge 80e3658647 rs/help-unknown-ref-does-not-return later to maint).
+   (merge 0a8bc7068f dt/remote-helper-doc-re-lock-option later to maint).
+   (merge 27fd1e4ea7 en/merge-options-ff-and-friends later to maint).
+   (merge 502c386ff9 sg/clean-nested-repo-with-ignored later to maint).
+   (merge 26e3d1cbea am/mailmap-andrey-mazo later to maint).
+   (merge 47b27c96fa ss/get-time-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge dd2e50a84e jk/commit-graph-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge 4fd39c76e6 cs/pretty-formats-doc-typofix later to maint).
+   (merge 40e747e89d dl/submodule-set-branch later to maint).
+   (merge 689a146c91 rs/commit-graph-use-list-count later to maint).
+   (merge 0eb7c37a8a js/doc-patch-text later to maint).
+   (merge 4b3aa170d1 rs/nth-switch-code-simplification later to maint).
+   (merge 0d4304c124 ah/doc-submodule-ignore-submodules later to maint).
+   (merge af78249463 cc/svn-fe-py-shebang later to maint).
+   (merge 7bd97d6dff rs/alias-use-copy-array later to maint).
+   (merge c46ebc2496 sg/travis-help-debug later to maint).
+   (merge 24c681794f ps/my-first-contribution-alphasort later to maint).
+   (merge 75b2c15435 cb/do-not-use-test-cmp-with-a later to maint).
+   (merge cda0d497e3 bw/submodule-helper-usage-fix later to maint).
+   (merge fe0ed5d5e9 am/visual-studio-config-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 2e09c01232 sg/name-rev-cutoff-underflow-fix later to maint).
+   (merge ddb3c856f3 as/shallow-slab-use-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 71f4960b91 js/mingw-spawn-with-spaces-in-path later to maint).
+   (merge 53d687bf5f ah/cleanups later to maint).
+   (merge f537485fa5 rs/test-remove-useless-debugging-cat later to maint).
+   (merge 11a3d3aadd dl/rev-list-doc-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge d928a8388a am/t0028-utf16-tests later to maint).
+   (merge b05b40930e dl/t0000-skip-test-test later to maint).
+   (merge 03d3b1297c js/xdiffi-comment-updates later to maint).
+   (merge 57d8f4b4c7 js/doc-stash-save later to maint).
+   (merge 8c1cfd58e3 ta/t1308-typofix later to maint).
+   (merge fa364ad790 bb/utf8-wcwidth-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge 68b69211b2 bb/compat-util-comment-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 5cc6a4be11 rs/http-push-simplify later to maint).
+   (merge a81e42d235 rs/column-use-utf8-strnwidth later to maint).
+   (merge 062a309d36 rs/remote-curl-use-argv-array later to maint).
+   (merge 3b3c79f6c9 nr/diff-highlight-indent-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 3444ec2eb2 wb/fsmonitor-bitmap-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 10da030ab7 cb/pcre2-chartables-leakfix later to maint).
+   (merge 60e6569a12 js/mingw-needs-hiding-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 52bd3e4657 rl/gitweb-blame-prev-fix later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18104850fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Git v2.24.1 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges up the fixes that appear in v2.14.6, v2.15.4,
+v2.17.3, v2.20.2 and in v2.21.1, addressing the security issues
+CVE-2019-1348, CVE-2019-1349, CVE-2019-1350, CVE-2019-1351,
+CVE-2019-1352, CVE-2019-1353, CVE-2019-1354, CVE-2019-1387, and
+CVE-2019-19604; see the release notes for those versions for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0049f65503
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.24.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5302e0f73b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.24.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91ceb34927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+Git 2.25 Release Notes
+======================
+
+Updates since v2.24
+-------------------
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * A tutorial on object enumeration has been added.
+
+ * The branch description ("git branch --edit-description") has been
+   used to fill the body of the cover letters by the format-patch
+   command; this has been enhanced so that the subject can also be
+   filled.
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" has been marked as deprecated; this
+   release stops advertising it in the "git rebase -h" output.
+
+ * The code to generate multi-pack index learned to show (or not to
+   show) progress indicators.
+
+ * "git apply --3way" learned to honor merge.conflictStyle
+   configuration variable, like merges would.
+
+ * The custom format for "git log --format=<format>" learned the l/L
+   placeholder that is similar to e/E that fills in the e-mail
+   address, but only the local part on the left side of '@'.
+
+ * Documentation pages for "git shortlog" now list commit limiting
+   options explicitly.
+
+ * The patterns to detect function boundary for Elixir language has
+   been added.
+
+ * The completion script (in contrib/) learned that the "--onto"
+   option of "git rebase" can take its argument as the value of the
+   option.
+
+ * The userdiff machinery has been taught that "async def" is another
+   way to begin a "function" in Python.
+
+ * "git range-diff" learned to take the "--notes=<ref>" and the
+   "--no-notes" options to control the commit notes included in the
+   log message that gets compared.
+
+ * "git rev-parse --show-toplevel" run outside of any working tree did
+   not error out, which has been corrected.
+
+ * A few commands learned to take the pathspec from the standard input
+   or a named file, instead of taking it as the command line
+   arguments, with the "--pathspec-from-file" option.
+
+ * "git submodule" learned a subcommand "set-url".
+
+ * "git log" family learned "--pretty=reference" that gives the name
+   of a commit in the format that is often used to refer to it in log
+   messages.
+
+ * The interaction between "git clone --recurse-submodules" and
+   alternate object store was ill-designed.  The documentation and
+   code have been taught to make more clear recommendations when the
+   users see failures.
+
+ * Management of sparsely checked-out working tree has gained a
+   dedicated "sparse-checkout" command.
+
+ * Miscellaneous small UX improvements on "git-p4".
+
+ * "git sparse-checkout list" subcommand learned to give its output in
+   a more concise form when the "cone" mode is in effect.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * Debugging support for lazy cloning has been a bit improved.
+
+ * Move the definition of a set of bitmask constants from 0ctal
+   literal to (1U<<count) notation.
+
+ * Test updates to prepare for SHA-2 transition continues.
+
+ * Crufty code and logic accumulated over time around the object
+   parsing and low-level object access used in "git fsck" have been
+   cleaned up.
+
+ * The implementation of "git log --graph" got refactored and then its
+   output got simplified.
+
+ * Follow recent push to move API docs from Documentation/ to header
+   files and update config.h
+
+ * "git bundle" has been taught to use the parse options API.  "git
+   bundle verify" learned "--quiet" and "git bundle create" learned
+   options to control the progress output.
+
+ * Handling of commit objects that use non UTF-8 encoding during
+   "rebase -i" has been improved.
+
+ * The beginning of rewriting "git add -i" in C.
+
+ * A label used in the todo list that are generated by "git rebase
+   --rebase-merges" is used as a part of a refname; the logic to come
+   up with the label has been tightened to avoid names that cannot be
+   used as such.
+
+ * The logic to avoid duplicate label names generated by "git rebase
+   --rebase-merges" forgot that the machinery itself uses "onto" as a
+   label name, which must be avoided by auto-generated labels, which
+   has been corrected.
+
+ * We have had compatibility fallback macro definitions for "PRIuMAX",
+   "PRIu32", etc. but did not for "PRIdMAX", while the code used the
+   last one apparently without any hiccup reported recently.  The
+   fallback macro definitions for these <inttypes.h> macros that must
+   appear in C99 systems have been removed.
+
+ * Recently we have declared that GIT_TEST_* variables take the
+   usual boolean values (it used to be that some used "non-empty
+   means true" and taking GIT_TEST_VAR=YesPlease as true); make
+   sure we notice and fail when non-bool strings are given to
+   these variables.
+
+ * Users of oneway_merge() (like "reset --hard") learned to take
+   advantage of fsmonitor to avoid unnecessary lstat(2) calls.
+
+ * Performance tweak on "git push" into a repository with many refs
+   that point at objects we have never heard of.
+
+ * PerfTest fix to avoid stale result mixed up with the latest round
+   of test results.
+
+ * Hide lower-level verify_signed-buffer() API as a pure helper to
+   implement the public check_signature() function, in order to
+   encourage new callers to use the correct and more strict
+   validation.
+
+ * Unnecessary reading of state variables back from the disk during
+   sequencer operation has been reduced.
+
+ * The code has been made to avoid gmtime() and localtime() and prefer
+   their reentrant counterparts.
+
+ * In a repository with many packfiles, the cost of the procedure that
+   avoids registering the same packfile twice was unnecessarily high
+   by using an inefficient search algorithm, which has been corrected.
+
+ * Redo "git name-rev" to avoid recursive calls.
+
+ * FreeBSD CI support via Cirrus-CI has been added.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.24
+-----------------
+
+ * "rebase -i" ceased to run post-commit hook by mistake in an earlier
+   update, which has been corrected.
+
+ * "git notes copy $original" ought to copy the notes attached to the
+   original object to HEAD, but a mistaken tightening to command line
+   parameter validation made earlier disabled that feature by mistake.
+
+ * When all files from some subdirectory were renamed to the root
+   directory, the directory rename heuristics would fail to detect that
+   as a rename/merge of the subdirectory to the root directory, which has
+   been corrected.
+
+ * Code clean-up and a bugfix in the logic used to tell worktree local
+   and repository global refs apart.
+   (merge f45f88b2e4 sg/dir-trie-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * "git stash save" in a working tree that is sparsely checked out
+   mistakenly removed paths that are outside the area of interest.
+   (merge 4a58c3d7f7 js/update-index-ignore-removal-for-skip-worktree later to maint).
+
+ * "git rev-parse --git-path HEAD.lock" did not give the right path
+   when run in a secondary worktree.
+   (merge 76a53d640f js/git-path-head-dot-lock-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge --no-commit" needs "--no-ff" if you do not want to move
+   HEAD, which has been corrected in the manual page for "git bisect".
+   (merge 8dd327b246 ma/bisect-doc-sample-update later to maint).
+
+ * "git worktree add" internally calls "reset --hard" that should not
+   descend into submodules, even when submodule.recurse configuration
+   is set, but it was affected.  This has been corrected.
+   (merge 4782cf2ab6 pb/no-recursive-reset-hard-in-worktree-add later to maint).
+
+ * Messages from die() etc. can be mixed up from multiple processes
+   without even line buffering on Windows, which has been worked
+   around.
+   (merge 116d1fa6c6 js/vreportf-wo-buffering later to maint).
+
+ * HTTP transport had possible allocator/deallocator mismatch, which
+   has been corrected.
+
+ * The watchman integration for fsmonitor was racy, which has been
+   corrected to be more conservative.
+   (merge dd0b61f577 kw/fsmonitor-watchman-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Fetching from multiple remotes into the same repository in parallel
+   had a bad interaction with the recent change to (optionally) update
+   the commit-graph after a fetch job finishes, as these parallel
+   fetches compete with each other.  Which has been corrected.
+
+ * Recent update to "git stash pop" made the command empty the index
+   when run with the "--quiet" option, which has been corrected.
+
+ * "git fetch" codepath had a big "do not lazily fetch missing objects
+   when I ask if something exists" switch.  This has been corrected by
+   marking the "does this thing exist?" calls with "if not please do not
+   lazily fetch it" flag.
+
+ * Test update to avoid wasted cycles.
+   (merge e0316695ec sg/skip-skipped-prereq later to maint).
+
+ * Error handling after "git push" finishes sending the packdata and
+   waits for the response to the remote side has been improved.
+   (merge ad7a403268 jk/send-pack-remote-failure later to maint).
+
+ * Some codepaths in "gitweb" that forgot to escape URLs generated
+   based on end-user input have been corrected.
+   (merge a376e37b2c jk/gitweb-anti-xss later to maint).
+
+ * CI jobs for macOS has been made less chatty when updating perforce
+   package used during testing.
+   (merge 0dbc4a0edf jc/azure-ci-osx-fix-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git unpack-objects" used to show progress based only on the number
+   of received and unpacked objects, which stalled when it has to
+   handle an unusually large object.  It now shows the throughput as
+   well.
+   (merge bae60ba7e9 sg/unpack-progress-throughput later to maint).
+
+ * The sequencer machinery compared the HEAD and the state it is
+   attempting to commit to decide if the result would be a no-op
+   commit, even when amending a commit, which was incorrect, and
+   has been corrected.
+
+ * The code to parse GPG output used to assume incorrectly that the
+   finterprint for the primary key would always be present for a valid
+   signature, which has been corrected.
+   (merge 67a6ea6300 hi/gpg-optional-pkfp-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git submodule status" and "git submodule status --cached" show
+   different things, but the documentation did not cover them
+   correctly, which has been corrected.
+   (merge 8d483c8408 mg/doc-submodule-status-cached later to maint).
+
+ * "git reset --patch $object" without any pathspec should allow a
+   tree object to be given, but incorrectly required a committish,
+   which has been corrected.
+
+ * "git submodule status" that is run from a subdirectory of the
+   superproject did not work well, which has been corrected.
+   (merge 1f3aea22c7 mg/submodule-status-from-a-subdirectory later to maint).
+
+ * The revision walking machinery uses resources like per-object flag
+   bits that need to be reset before a new iteration of walking
+   begins, but the resources related to topological walk were not
+   cleared correctly, which has been corrected.
+   (merge 0aa0c2b2ec mh/clear-topo-walk-upon-reset later to maint).
+
+ * TravisCI update.
+   (merge 176441bfb5 sg/osx-force-gcc-9 later to maint).
+
+ * While running "revert" or "cherry-pick --edit" for multiple
+   commits, a recent regression incorrectly detected "nothing to
+   commit, working tree clean", instead of replaying the commits,
+   which has been corrected.
+   (merge befd4f6a81 sg/assume-no-todo-update-in-cherry-pick later to maint).
+
+ * Work around a issue where a FD that is left open when spawning a
+   child process and is kept open in the child can interfere with the
+   operation in the parent process on Windows.
+
+ * One kind of progress messages were always given during commit-graph
+   generation, instead of following the "if it takes more than two
+   seconds, show progress" pattern, which has been corrected.
+
+ * "git rebase" did not work well when format.useAutoBase
+   configuration variable is set, which has been corrected.
+
+ * The "diff" machinery learned not to lose added/removed blank lines
+   in the context when --ignore-blank-lines and --function-context are
+   used at the same time.
+   (merge 0bb313a552 rs/xdiff-ignore-ws-w-func-context later to maint).
+
+ * The test on "fast-import" used to get stuck when "fast-import" died
+   in the middle.
+   (merge 0d9b0d7885 sg/t9300-robustify later to maint).
+
+ * "git format-patch" can take a set of configured format.notes values
+   to specify which notes refs to use in the log message part of the
+   output.  The behaviour of this was not consistent with multiple
+   --notes command line options, which has been corrected.
+   (merge e0f9095aaa dl/format-patch-notes-config-fixup later to maint).
+
+ * "git p4" used to ignore lfs.storage configuration variable, which
+   has been corrected.
+   (merge ea94b16fb8 rb/p4-lfs later to maint).
+
+ * Assorted fixes to the directory traversal API.
+   (merge 6836d2fe06 en/fill-directory-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * Forbid pathnames that the platform's filesystem cannot represent on
+   MinGW.
+   (merge 4dc42c6c18 js/mingw-reserved-filenames later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase --signoff" stopped working when the command was written
+   in C, which has been corrected.
+   (merge 4fe7e43c53 en/rebase-signoff-fix later to maint).
+
+ * An earlier update to Git for Windows declared that a tree object is
+   invalid if it has a path component with backslash in it, which was
+   overly strict, which has been corrected.  The only protection the
+   Windows users need is to prevent such path (or any path that their
+   filesystem cannot check out) from entering the index.
+   (merge 224c7d70fa js/mingw-loosen-overstrict-tree-entry-checks later to maint).
+
+ * The code to write split commit-graph file(s) upon fetching computed
+   bogus value for the parameter used in splitting the resulting
+   files, which has been corrected.
+   (merge 63020f175f ds/commit-graph-set-size-mult later to maint).
+
+ * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
+   (merge 80736d7c5e jc/am-show-current-patch-docfix later to maint).
+   (merge 8b656572ca sg/commit-graph-usage-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 6c02042139 mr/clone-dir-exists-to-path-exists later to maint).
+   (merge 44ae131e38 sg/blame-indent-heuristics-is-now-the-default later to maint).
+   (merge 0115e5d929 dl/doc-diff-no-index-implies-exit-code later to maint).
+   (merge 270de6acbe en/t6024-style later to maint).
+   (merge 14c4776d75 ns/test-desc-typofix later to maint).
+   (merge 68d40f30c4 dj/typofix-merge-strat later to maint).
+   (merge f66e0401ab jk/optim-in-pack-idx-conversion later to maint).
+   (merge 169bed7421 rs/parse-options-dup-null-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 51bd6be32d rs/use-copy-array-in-mingw-shell-command-preparation later to maint).
+   (merge b018719927 ma/t7004 later to maint).
+   (merge 932757b0cc ar/install-doc-update-cmds-needing-the-shell later to maint).
+   (merge 46efd28be1 ep/guard-kset-tar-headers later to maint).
+   (merge 9e5afdf997 ec/fetch-mark-common-refs-trace2 later to maint).
+   (merge f0e58b3fe8 pb/submodule-update-fetches later to maint).
+   (merge 2a02262078 dl/t5520-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge a4fb016ba1 js/pkt-line-h-typofix later to maint).
+   (merge 54a7a64613 rs/simplify-prepare-cmd later to maint).
+   (merge 3eae30e464 jk/lore-is-the-archive later to maint).
+   (merge 14b7664df8 dl/lore-is-the-archive later to maint).
+   (merge 0e40a73a4c po/bundle-doc-clonable later to maint).
+   (merge e714b898c6 as/t7812-missing-redirects-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 528d9e6d01 jk/perf-wo-git-dot-pm later to maint).
+   (merge fc42f20e24 sg/test-squelch-noise-in-commit-bulk later to maint).
+   (merge c64368e3a2 bc/t9001-zsh-in-posix-emulation-mode later to maint).
+   (merge 11de8dd7ef dr/branch-usage-casefix later to maint).
+   (merge e05e8cf074 rs/archive-zip-code-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge 147ee35558 rs/commit-export-env-simplify later to maint).
+   (merge 4507ecc771 rs/patch-id-use-oid-to-hex later to maint).
+   (merge 51a0a4ed95 mr/bisect-use-after-free later to maint).
+   (merge cc2bd5c45d pb/submodule-doc-xref later to maint).
+   (merge df5be01669 ja/doc-markup-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge 7c5cea7242 mr/bisect-save-pointer-to-const-string later to maint).
+   (merge 20a67e8ce9 js/use-test-tool-on-path later to maint).
+   (merge 4e61b2214d ew/packfile-syscall-optim later to maint).
+   (merge ace0f86c7f pb/clarify-line-log-doc later to maint).
+   (merge 763a59e71c en/merge-recursive-oid-eq-simplify later to maint).
+   (merge 4e2c4c0d4f do/gitweb-typofix-in-comments later to maint).
+   (merge 421c0ffb02 jb/doc-multi-pack-idx-fix later to maint).
+   (merge f8740c586b pm/am-in-body-header-doc-update later to maint).
+   (merge 5814d44d9b tm/doc-submodule-absorb-fix later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd869b02bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+Git 2.25.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.25
+-----------------
+
+ * "git commit" gives output similar to "git status" when there is
+   nothing to commit, but without honoring the advise.statusHints
+   configuration variable, which has been corrected.
+
+ * has_object_file() said "no" given an object registered to the
+   system via pretend_object_file(), making it inconsistent with
+   read_object_file(), causing lazy fetch to attempt fetching an
+   empty tree from promisor remotes.
+
+ * The code that tries to skip over the entries for the paths in a
+   single directory using the cache-tree was not careful enough
+   against corrupt index file.
+
+ * Complete an update to tutorial that encourages "git switch" over
+   "git checkout" that was done only half-way.
+
+ * Reduce unnecessary round-trip when running "ls-remote" over the
+   stateless RPC mechanism.
+
+ * "git restore --staged" did not correctly update the cache-tree
+   structure, resulting in bogus trees to be written afterwards, which
+   has been corrected.
+
+ * The code recently added to move to the entry beyond the ones in the
+   same directory in the index in the sparse-cone mode did not count
+   the number of entries to skip over incorrectly, which has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * Work around test breakages caused by custom regex engine used in
+   libasan, when address sanitizer is used with more recent versions
+   of gcc and clang.
+
+ * "git fetch --refmap=" option has got a better documentation.
+
+ * Corner case bugs in "git clean" that stems from a (necessarily for
+   performance reasons) awkward calling convention in the directory
+   enumeration API has been corrected.
+
+ * "git grep --no-index" should not get affected by the contents of
+   the .gitmodules file but when "--recurse-submodules" is given or
+   the "submodule.recurse" variable is set, it did.  Now these
+   settings are ignored in the "--no-index" mode.
+
+ * Technical details of the bundle format has been documented.
+
+ * Unhelpful warning messages during documentation build have been
+   squelched.
+
+Also contains various documentation updates, code clean-ups and minor fixups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..303c53a17f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+Git 2.25.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.25.1
+-------------------
+
+ * Minor bugfixes to "git add -i" that has recently been rewritten in C.
+
+ * An earlier update to show the location of working tree in the error
+   message did not consider the possibility that a git command may be
+   run in a bare repository, which has been corrected.
+
+ * The "--recurse-submodules" option of various subcommands did not
+   work well when run in an alternate worktree, which has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * Running "git rm" on a submodule failed unnecessarily when
+   .gitmodules is only cache-dirty, which has been corrected.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" identifies existing commits in its todo file with
+   their abbreviated object name, which could become ambigous as it
+   goes to create new commits, and has a mechanism to avoid ambiguity
+   in the main part of its execution.  A few other cases however were
+   not covered by the protection against ambiguity, which has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * The index-pack code now diagnoses a bad input packstream that
+   records the same object twice when it is used as delta base; the
+   code used to declare a software bug when encountering such an
+   input, but it is an input error.
+
+ * The code to automatically shrink the fan-out in the notes tree had
+   an off-by-one bug, which has been killed.
+
+ * "git check-ignore" did not work when the given path is explicitly
+   marked as not ignored with a negative entry in the .gitignore file.
+
+ * The merge-recursive machinery failed to refresh the cache entry for
+   a merge result in a couple of places, resulting in an unnecessary
+   merge failure, which has been fixed.
+
+ * Fix for a bug revealed by a recent change to make the protocol v2
+   the default.
+
+ * "git merge signed-tag" while lacking the public key started to say
+   "No signature", which was utterly wrong.  This regression has been
+   reverted.
+
+ * MinGW's poll() emulation has been improved.
+
+ * "git show" and others gave an object name in raw format in its
+   error output, which has been corrected to give it in hex.
+
+ * Both "git ls-remote -h" and "git grep -h" give short usage help,
+   like any other Git subcommand, but it is not unreasonable to expect
+   that the former would behave the same as "git ls-remote --head"
+   (there is no other sensible behaviour for the latter).  The
+   documentation has been updated in an attempt to clarify this.
+
+Also contains various documentation updates, code clean-ups and minor fixups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..15f7f21f10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.25.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0dbb5daeec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.25.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a7a734c26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+Git 2.26 Release Notes
+======================
+
+Updates since v2.25
+-------------------
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+
+ * "git rebase" uses a different backend that is based on the 'merge'
+   machinery by default.  There are a few known differences in the
+   behaviour from the traditional machinery based on patch+apply.
+
+   If your workflow is negatively affected by this change, please
+   report it to git@vger.kernel.org so that we can take a look into
+   it.  After doing so, you can set the 'rebase.backend' configuration
+   variable to 'apply', in order to use the old default behaviour in
+   the meantime.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Sample credential helper for using .netrc has been updated to work
+   out of the box.
+
+ * gpg.minTrustLevel configuration variable has been introduced to
+   tell various signature verification codepaths the required minimum
+   trust level.
+
+ * The command line completion (in contrib/) learned to complete
+   subcommands and arguments to "git worktree".
+
+ * Disambiguation logic to tell revisions and pathspec apart has been
+   tweaked so that backslash-escaped glob special characters do not
+   count in the "wildcards are pathspec" rule.
+
+ * One effect of specifying where the GIT_DIR is (either with the
+   environment variable, or with the "git --git-dir=<where> cmd"
+   option) is to disable the repository discovery.  This has been
+   placed a bit more stress in the documentation, as new users often
+   get confused.
+
+ * Two help messages given when "git add" notices the user gave it
+   nothing to add have been updated to use advise() API.
+
+ * A new version of fsmonitor-watchman hook has been introduced, to
+   avoid races.
+
+ * "git config" learned to show in which "scope", in addition to in
+   which file, each config setting comes from.
+
+ * The basic 7 colors learned the brighter counterparts
+   (e.g. "brightred").
+
+ * "git sparse-checkout" learned a new "add" subcommand.
+
+ * A configuration element used for credential subsystem can now use
+   wildcard pattern to specify for which set of URLs the entry
+   applies.
+
+ * "git clone --recurse-submodules --single-branch" now uses the same
+   single-branch option when cloning the submodules.
+
+ * "git rm" and "git stash" learns the new "--pathspec-from-file"
+   option.
+
+ * "git am --show-current-patch" is a way to show the piece of e-mail
+   for the stopped step, which is not suitable to directly feed "git
+   apply" (it is designed to be a good "git am" input).  It learned a
+   new option to show only the patch part.
+
+ * Handling of conflicting renames in merge-recursive have further
+   been made consistent with how existing codepaths try to mimic what
+   is done to add/add conflicts.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * Tell .editorconfig that in this project, *.txt files are indented
+   with tabs.
+
+ * The test-lint machinery knew to check "VAR=VAL shell_function"
+   construct, but did not check "VAR= shell_function", which has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * Replace "git config --bool" calls with "git config --type=bool" in
+   sample templates.
+
+ * The effort to move "git-add--interactive" to C continues.
+
+ * Improve error message generation for "git submodule add".
+
+ * Preparation of test scripts for the day when the object names will
+   use SHA-256 continues.
+
+ * Warn programmers about pretend_object_file() that allows the code
+   to tentatively use in-core objects.
+
+ * The way "git pack-objects" reuses objects stored in existing pack
+   to generate its result has been improved.
+
+ * The transport protocol version 2 becomes the default one.
+
+ * Traditionally, we avoided threaded grep while searching in objects
+   (as opposed to files in the working tree) as accesses to the object
+   layer is not thread-safe.  This limitation is getting lifted.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" (and friends) used to unnecessarily check out the
+   tip of the branch to be rebased, which has been corrected.
+
+ * A low-level API function get_oid(), that accepts various ways to
+   name an object, used to issue end-user facing error messages
+   without l10n, which has been updated to be translatable.
+
+ * Unneeded connectivity check is now disabled in a partial clone when
+   fetching into it.
+
+ * Some rough edges in the sparse-checkout feature, especially around
+   the cone mode, have been cleaned up.
+
+ * The diff-* plumbing family of subcommands now pay attention to the
+   diff.wsErrorHighlight configuration, which has been ignored before;
+   this allows "git add -p" to also show the whitespace problems to
+   the end user.
+
+ * Some codepaths were given a repository instance as a parameter to
+   work in the repository, but passed the_repository instance to its
+   callees, which has been cleaned up (somewhat).
+
+ * Memory footprint and performance of "git name-rev" has been
+   improved.
+
+ * The object reachability bitmap machinery and the partial cloning
+   machinery were not prepared to work well together, because some
+   object-filtering criteria that partial clones use inherently rely
+   on object traversal, but the bitmap machinery is an optimization
+   to bypass that object traversal.  There however are some cases
+   where they can work together, and they were taught about them.
+
+ * "git rebase" has learned to use the merge backend (i.e. the
+   machinery that drives "rebase -i") by default, while allowing
+   "--apply" option to use the "apply" backend (e.g. the moral
+   equivalent of "format-patch piped to am").  The rebase.backend
+   configuration variable can be set to customize.
+
+ * Underlying machinery of "git bisect--helper" is being refactored
+   into pieces that are more easily reused.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.25
+-----------------
+
+ * "git commit" gives output similar to "git status" when there is
+   nothing to commit, but without honoring the advise.statusHints
+   configuration variable, which has been corrected.
+
+ * has_object_file() said "no" given an object registered to the
+   system via pretend_object_file(), making it inconsistent with
+   read_object_file(), causing lazy fetch to attempt fetching an
+   empty tree from promisor remotes.
+
+ * Complete an update to tutorial that encourages "git switch" over
+   "git checkout" that was done only half-way.
+
+ * C pedantry ;-) fix.
+
+ * The code that tries to skip over the entries for the paths in a
+   single directory using the cache-tree was not careful enough
+   against corrupt index file.
+
+ * Reduce unnecessary round-trip when running "ls-remote" over the
+   stateless RPC mechanism.
+
+ * "git restore --staged" did not correctly update the cache-tree
+   structure, resulting in bogus trees to be written afterwards, which
+   has been corrected.
+
+ * The code recently added to move to the entry beyond the ones in the
+   same directory in the index in the sparse-cone mode did not count
+   the number of entries to skip over incorrectly, which has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * Rendering by "git log --graph" of ancestry lines leading to a merge
+   commit were made suboptimal to waste vertical space a bit with a
+   recent update, which has been corrected.
+
+ * Work around test breakages caused by custom regex engine used in
+   libasan, when address sanitizer is used with more recent versions
+   of gcc and clang.
+
+ * Minor bugfixes to "git add -i" that has recently been rewritten in C.
+
+ * "git fetch --refmap=" option has got a better documentation.
+
+ * "git checkout X" did not correctly fail when X is not a local
+   branch but could name more than one remote-tracking branches
+   (i.e. to be dwimmed as the starting point to create a corresponding
+   local branch), which has been corrected.
+   (merge fa74180d08 am/checkout-file-and-ref-ref-ambiguity later to maint).
+
+ * Corner case bugs in "git clean" that stems from a (necessarily for
+   performance reasons) awkward calling convention in the directory
+   enumeration API has been corrected.
+
+ * A fetch that is told to recursively fetch updates in submodules
+   inevitably produces reams of output, and it becomes hard to spot
+   error messages.  The command has been taught to enumerate
+   submodules that had errors at the end of the operation.
+   (merge 0222540827 es/fetch-show-failed-submodules-atend later to maint).
+
+ * The "--recurse-submodules" option of various subcommands did not
+   work well when run in an alternate worktree, which has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * Futureproofing a test not to depend on the current implementation
+   detail.
+
+ * Running "git rm" on a submodule failed unnecessarily when
+   .gitmodules is only cache-dirty, which has been corrected.
+
+ * C pedantry ;-) fix.
+
+ * "git grep --no-index" should not get affected by the contents of
+   the .gitmodules file but when "--recurse-submodules" is given or
+   the "submodule.recurse" variable is set, it did.  Now these
+   settings are ignored in the "--no-index" mode.
+
+ * Technical details of the bundle format has been documented.
+
+ * Unhelpful warning messages during documentation build have been squelched.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" identifies existing commits in its todo file with
+   their abbreviated object name, which could become ambiguous as it
+   goes to create new commits, and has a mechanism to avoid ambiguity
+   in the main part of its execution.  A few other cases however were
+   not covered by the protection against ambiguity, which has been
+   corrected.
+
+ * Allow the rebase.missingCommitsCheck configuration to kick in when
+   "rebase --edit-todo" and "rebase --continue" restarts the procedure.
+   (merge 5a5445d878 ag/edit-todo-drop-check later to maint).
+
+ * The way "git submodule status" reports an initialized but not yet
+   populated submodule has not been reimplemented correctly when a
+   part of the "git submodule" command was rewritten in C, which has
+   been corrected.
+   (merge f38c92452d pk/status-of-uncloned-submodule later to maint).
+
+ * The code to automatically shrink the fan-out in the notes tree had
+   an off-by-one bug, which has been killed.
+
+ * The index-pack code now diagnoses a bad input packstream that
+   records the same object twice when it is used as delta base; the
+   code used to declare a software bug when encountering such an
+   input, but it is an input error.
+
+
+ * The code to compute the commit-graph has been taught to use a more
+   robust way to tell if two object directories refer to the same
+   thing.
+   (merge a7df60cac8 tb/commit-graph-object-dir later to maint).
+
+ * "git remote rename X Y" needs to adjust configuration variables
+   (e.g. branch.<name>.remote) whose value used to be X to Y.
+   branch.<name>.pushRemote is now also updated.
+
+ * Update to doc-diff.
+
+ * Doc markup fix.
+
+ * "git check-ignore" did not work when the given path is explicitly
+   marked as not ignored with a negative entry in the .gitignore file.
+
+ * The merge-recursive machinery failed to refresh the cache entry for
+   a merge result in a couple of places, resulting in an unnecessary
+   merge failure, which has been fixed.
+
+ * Fix for a bug revealed by a recent change to make the protocol v2
+   the default.
+
+ * In rare cases "git worktree add <path>" could think that <path>
+   was already a registered worktree even when it wasn't and refuse
+   to add the new worktree. This has been corrected.
+   (merge bb69b3b009 es/worktree-avoid-duplication-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git push" should stop from updating a branch that is checked out
+   when receive.denyCurrentBranch configuration is set, but it failed
+   to pay attention to checkouts in secondary worktrees.  This has
+   been corrected.
+   (merge 4d864895a2 hv/receive-denycurrent-everywhere later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase BASE BRANCH" rebased/updated the tip of BRANCH and
+   checked it out, even when the BRANCH is checked out in a different
+   worktree.  This has been corrected.
+   (merge b5cabb4a96 es/do-not-let-rebase-switch-to-protected-branch later to maint).
+
+ * "git describe" in a repository with multiple root commits sometimes
+   gave up looking for the best tag to describe a given commit with
+   too early, which has been adjusted.
+
+ * "git merge signed-tag" while lacking the public key started to say
+   "No signature", which was utterly wrong.  This regression has been
+   reverted.
+
+ * MinGW's poll() emulation has been improved.
+
+ * "git show" and others gave an object name in raw format in its
+   error output, which has been corrected to give it in hex.
+
+ * "git fetch" over HTTP walker protocol did not show any progress
+   output.  We inherently do not know how much work remains, but still
+   we can show something not to bore users.
+   (merge 7655b4119d rs/show-progress-in-dumb-http-fetch later to maint).
+
+ * Both "git ls-remote -h" and "git grep -h" give short usage help,
+   like any other Git subcommand, but it is not unreasonable to expect
+   that the former would behave the same as "git ls-remote --head"
+   (there is no other sensible behaviour for the latter).  The
+   documentation has been updated in an attempt to clarify this.
+
+ * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
+   (merge d0d0a357a1 am/update-pathspec-f-f-tests later to maint).
+   (merge f94f7bd00d am/test-pathspec-f-f-error-cases later to maint).
+   (merge c513a958b6 ss/t6025-modernize later to maint).
+   (merge b441717256 dl/test-must-fail-fixes later to maint).
+   (merge d031049da3 mt/sparse-checkout-doc-update later to maint).
+   (merge 145136a95a jc/skip-prefix later to maint).
+   (merge 5290d45134 jk/alloc-cleanups later to maint).
+   (merge 7a9f8ca805 rs/parse-options-concat-dup later to maint).
+   (merge 517b60564e rs/strbuf-insertstr later to maint).
+   (merge f696a2b1c8 jk/mailinfo-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge de26f02db1 js/test-avoid-pipe later to maint).
+   (merge a2dc43414c es/doc-mentoring later to maint).
+   (merge 02bbbe9df9 es/worktree-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge 2ce6d075fa rs/micro-cleanups later to maint).
+   (merge 27f182b3fc rs/blame-typefix-for-fingerprint later to maint).
+   (merge 3c29e21eb0 ma/test-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge 240fc04f81 ag/rebase-remove-redundant-code later to maint).
+   (merge d68ce906c7 rs/commit-graph-code-simplification later to maint).
+   (merge a51d9e8f07 rj/t1050-use-test-path-is-file later to maint).
+   (merge fd0bc17557 kk/complete-diff-color-moved later to maint).
+   (merge 65bf820d0e en/test-cleanup later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b4ecb3fdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.26.1 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d434d0c695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.26.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.3.txt
index 5ef12644c2..850dc68ede 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.3.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Fixes since v2.3.2
  * Description given by "grep -h" for its --exclude-standard option
    was phrased poorly.
 
- * Documentaton for "git remote add" mentioned "--tags" and
+ * Documentation for "git remote add" mentioned "--tags" and
    "--no-tags" and it was not clear that fetch from the remote in
    the future will use the default behaviour when neither is given
    to override it.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.7.txt
index fc95812cb3..5769184081 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.7.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.7.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Git v2.3.7 Release Notes
 Fixes since v2.3.6
 ------------------
 
- * An earlier update to the parser that disects a URL broke an
+ * An earlier update to the parser that dissects a URL broke an
    address, followed by a colon, followed by an empty string (instead
    of the port number), e.g. ssh://example.com:/path/to/repo.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.3.txt
index 914d2c1860..422e930aa2 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.3.txt
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Fixes since v2.4.3
  * Some time ago, "git blame" (incorrectly) lost the convert_to_git()
    call when synthesizing a fake "tip" commit that represents the
    state in the working tree, which broke folks who record the history
-   with LF line ending to make their project portabile across
+   with LF line ending to make their project portable across
    platforms while terminating lines in their working tree files with
    CRLF for their platform.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.0.txt
index 87044504c5..84723f912a 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.0.txt
@@ -172,7 +172,8 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
    incorrect patch text to "git apply".  Add tests to demonstrate
    this.
 
-   I have a slight suspicion that this may be $gmane/87202 coming back
+   I have a slight suspicion that this may be
+   cf. <7vtzf77wjp.fsf@gitster.siamese.dyndns.org> coming back
    and biting us (I seem to have said "let's run with this and see
    what happens" back then).
 
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.0.txt
index 563dadc57e..e3cbf3a73c 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.0.txt
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ UI, Workflows & Features
 
  * "git interpret-trailers" can now run outside of a Git repository.
 
- * "git p4" learned to reencode the pathname it uses to communicate
+ * "git p4" learned to re-encode the pathname it uses to communicate
    with the p4 depot with a new option.
 
  * Give progress meter to "git filter-branch".
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.1.txt
index 6553d69e33..6323feaf64 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.1.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.1.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Fixes since v2.7
    setting GIT_WORK_TREE environment themselves.
 
  * The "exclude_list" structure has the usual "alloc, nr" pair of
-   fields to be used by ALLOC_GROW(), but clear_exclude_list() forgot
+   fields to be used by ALLOC_GROW(), but clear_pattern_list() forgot
    to reset 'alloc' to 0 when it cleared 'nr' to discard the managed
    array.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.3.txt
index 6adf038915..f618d71efd 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.3.txt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Fixes since v2.7.2
    tests.
 
  * "git show 'HEAD:Foo[BAR]Baz'" did not interpret the argument as a
-   rev, i.e. the object named by the the pathname with wildcard
+   rev, i.e. the object named by the pathname with wildcard
    characters in a tree object.
 
  * "git rev-parse --git-common-dir" used in the worktree feature
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.0.txt
index 25079710fa..27320b6a9f 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.0.txt
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
  * Some calls to strcpy(3) triggers a false warning from static
    analyzers that are less intelligent than humans, and reducing the
    number of these false hits helps us notice real issues.  A few
-   calls to strcpy(3) in a couple of protrams that are already safe
+   calls to strcpy(3) in a couple of programs that are already safe
    has been rewritten to avoid false warnings.
 
  * The "name_path" API was an attempt to reduce the need to construct
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ notes for details).
    setting GIT_WORK_TREE environment themselves.
 
  * The "exclude_list" structure has the usual "alloc, nr" pair of
-   fields to be used by ALLOC_GROW(), but clear_exclude_list() forgot
+   fields to be used by ALLOC_GROW(), but clear_pattern_list() forgot
    to reset 'alloc' to 0 when it cleared 'nr' to discard the managed
    array.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.3.txt
index fedd9968e5..a63825ed87 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.3.txt
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ Fixes since v2.8.2
    This is necessary to use Git on Windows shared directories, and is
    already enabled for the MinGW and plain Windows builds.  It also
    has been used in Cygwin packaged versions of Git for quite a while.
-   See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/291853
-   and http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/275680.
+   See https://lore.kernel.org/git/20160419091055.GF2345@dinwoodie.org/
+   and https://lore.kernel.org/git/20150811100527.GW14466@dinwoodie.org/.
 
  * "git replace -e" did not honour "core.editor" configuration.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.9.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.9.0.txt
index b61d36712f..991640119a 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.9.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.9.0.txt
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ notes for details).
    This is necessary to use Git on Windows shared directories, and is
    already enabled for the MinGW and plain Windows builds.  It also
    has been used in Cygwin packaged versions of Git for quite a while.
-   See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/291853
+   See https://lore.kernel.org/git/20160419091055.GF2345@dinwoodie.org/
 
  * "merge-octopus" strategy did not ensure that the index is clean
    when merge begins.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.9.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.9.3.txt
index 695b86f612..305e08062b 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.9.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.9.3.txt
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Fixes since v2.9.2
  * One part of "git am" had an oddball helper function that called
    stuff from outside "his" as opposed to calling what we have "ours",
    which was not gender-neutral and also inconsistent with the rest of
-   the system where outside stuff is usuall called "theirs" in
+   the system where outside stuff is usually called "theirs" in
    contrast to "ours".
 
  * The test framework learned a new helper test_match_signal to
diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
index 6d589e118c..4515cab519 100644
--- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
+++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
@@ -142,19 +142,25 @@ archive, summarize the relevant points of the discussion.
 
 [[commit-reference]]
 If you want to reference a previous commit in the history of a stable
-branch, use the format "abbreviated sha1 (subject, date)",
-with the subject enclosed in a pair of double-quotes, like this:
+branch, use the format "abbreviated hash (subject, date)", like this:
 
 ....
-	Commit f86a374 ("pack-bitmap.c: fix a memleak", 2015-03-30)
+	Commit f86a374 (pack-bitmap.c: fix a memleak, 2015-03-30)
 	noticed that ...
 ....
 
 The "Copy commit summary" command of gitk can be used to obtain this
-format, or this invocation of `git show`:
+format (with the subject enclosed in a pair of double-quotes), or this
+invocation of `git show`:
 
 ....
-	git show -s --date=short --pretty='format:%h ("%s", %ad)' <commit>
+	git show -s --pretty=reference <commit>
+....
+
+or, on an older version of Git without support for --pretty=reference:
+
+....
+	git show -s --date=short --pretty='format:%h (%s, %ad)' <commit>
 ....
 
 [[git-tools]]
@@ -372,9 +378,9 @@ such as "Thanks-to:", "Based-on-patch-by:", or "Mentored-by:".
 Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own
 repositories.
 
-- `git-gui/` comes from git-gui project, maintained by Pat Thoyts:
+- `git-gui/` comes from git-gui project, maintained by Pratyush Yadav:
 
-	git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git
+	https://github.com/prati0100/git-gui.git
 
 - `gitk-git/` comes from Paul Mackerras's gitk project:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
index 2c16c536ba..8fc4b67081 100644
--- a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
+++ b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
@@ -78,9 +78,9 @@ template::[header-declarations]
 <refmeta>
 <refentrytitle>{mantitle}</refentrytitle>
 <manvolnum>{manvolnum}</manvolnum>
-<refmiscinfo class="source">Git</refmiscinfo>
-<refmiscinfo class="version">{git_version}</refmiscinfo>
-<refmiscinfo class="manual">Git Manual</refmiscinfo>
+<refmiscinfo class="source">{mansource}</refmiscinfo>
+<refmiscinfo class="version">{manversion}</refmiscinfo>
+<refmiscinfo class="manual">{manmanual}</refmiscinfo>
 </refmeta>
 <refnamediv>
   <refname>{manname}</refname>
diff --git a/Documentation/asciidoctor-extensions.rb b/Documentation/asciidoctor-extensions.rb
index 0089e0cfb8..d906a00803 100644
--- a/Documentation/asciidoctor-extensions.rb
+++ b/Documentation/asciidoctor-extensions.rb
@@ -9,8 +9,11 @@ module Git
       named :chrome
 
       def process(parent, target, attrs)
-        if parent.document.basebackend? 'html'
-          prefix = parent.document.attr('git-relative-html-prefix')
+        prefix = parent.document.attr('git-relative-html-prefix')
+        if parent.document.doctype == 'book'
+          "<ulink url=\"#{prefix}#{target}.html\">" \
+          "#{target}(#{attrs[1]})</ulink>"
+        elsif parent.document.basebackend? 'html'
           %(<a href="#{prefix}#{target}.html">#{target}(#{attrs[1]})</a>)
         elsif parent.document.basebackend? 'docbook'
           "<citerefentry>\n" \
@@ -20,9 +23,26 @@ module Git
         end
       end
     end
+
+    class DocumentPostProcessor < Asciidoctor::Extensions::Postprocessor
+      def process document, output
+        if document.basebackend? 'docbook'
+          mansource = document.attributes['mansource']
+          manversion = document.attributes['manversion']
+          manmanual = document.attributes['manmanual']
+          new_tags = "" \
+            "<refmiscinfo class=\"source\">#{mansource}</refmiscinfo>\n" \
+            "<refmiscinfo class=\"version\">#{manversion}</refmiscinfo>\n" \
+            "<refmiscinfo class=\"manual\">#{manmanual}</refmiscinfo>\n"
+          output = output.sub(/<\/refmeta>/, new_tags + "</refmeta>")
+        end
+        output
+      end
+    end
   end
 end
 
 Asciidoctor::Extensions.register do
   inline_macro Git::Documentation::LinkGitProcessor, :linkgit
+  postprocessor Git::Documentation::DocumentPostProcessor
 end
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index e3f5bc3396..08b13ba72b 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ refer to linkgit:gitignore[5] for details. For convenience:
 
 `gitdir/i`::
 	This is the same as `gitdir` except that matching is done
-	case-insensitively (e.g. on case-insensitive file sytems)
+	case-insensitively (e.g. on case-insensitive file systems)
 
 `onbranch`::
 	The data that follows the keyword `onbranch:` is taken to be a
@@ -178,47 +178,49 @@ to either specify only the realpath version, or both versions.
 Example
 ~~~~~~~
 
-	# Core variables
-	[core]
-		; Don't trust file modes
-		filemode = false
-
-	# Our diff algorithm
-	[diff]
-		external = /usr/local/bin/diff-wrapper
-		renames = true
-
-	[branch "devel"]
-		remote = origin
-		merge = refs/heads/devel
-
-	# Proxy settings
-	[core]
-		gitProxy="ssh" for "kernel.org"
-		gitProxy=default-proxy ; for the rest
-
-	[include]
-		path = /path/to/foo.inc ; include by absolute path
-		path = foo.inc ; find "foo.inc" relative to the current file
-		path = ~/foo.inc ; find "foo.inc" in your `$HOME` directory
-
-	; include if $GIT_DIR is /path/to/foo/.git
-	[includeIf "gitdir:/path/to/foo/.git"]
-		path = /path/to/foo.inc
-
-	; include for all repositories inside /path/to/group
-	[includeIf "gitdir:/path/to/group/"]
-		path = /path/to/foo.inc
-
-	; include for all repositories inside $HOME/to/group
-	[includeIf "gitdir:~/to/group/"]
-		path = /path/to/foo.inc
-
-	; relative paths are always relative to the including
-	; file (if the condition is true); their location is not
-	; affected by the condition
-	[includeIf "gitdir:/path/to/group/"]
-		path = foo.inc
+----
+# Core variables
+[core]
+	; Don't trust file modes
+	filemode = false
+
+# Our diff algorithm
+[diff]
+	external = /usr/local/bin/diff-wrapper
+	renames = true
+
+[branch "devel"]
+	remote = origin
+	merge = refs/heads/devel
+
+# Proxy settings
+[core]
+	gitProxy="ssh" for "kernel.org"
+	gitProxy=default-proxy ; for the rest
+
+[include]
+	path = /path/to/foo.inc ; include by absolute path
+	path = foo.inc ; find "foo.inc" relative to the current file
+	path = ~/foo.inc ; find "foo.inc" in your `$HOME` directory
+
+; include if $GIT_DIR is /path/to/foo/.git
+[includeIf "gitdir:/path/to/foo/.git"]
+	path = /path/to/foo.inc
+
+; include for all repositories inside /path/to/group
+[includeIf "gitdir:/path/to/group/"]
+	path = /path/to/foo.inc
+
+; include for all repositories inside $HOME/to/group
+[includeIf "gitdir:~/to/group/"]
+	path = /path/to/foo.inc
+
+; relative paths are always relative to the including
+; file (if the condition is true); their location is not
+; affected by the condition
+[includeIf "gitdir:/path/to/group/"]
+	path = foo.inc
+----
 
 	; include only if we are in a worktree where foo-branch is
 	; currently checked out
@@ -261,7 +263,9 @@ color::
 +
 The basic colors accepted are `normal`, `black`, `red`, `green`, `yellow`,
 `blue`, `magenta`, `cyan` and `white`.  The first color given is the
-foreground; the second is the background.
+foreground; the second is the background.  All the basic colors except
+`normal` have a bright variant that can be speficied by prefixing the
+color with `bright`, like `brightred`.
 +
 Colors may also be given as numbers between 0 and 255; these use ANSI
 256-color mode (but note that not all terminals may support this).  If
@@ -345,6 +349,8 @@ include::config/difftool.txt[]
 
 include::config/fastimport.txt[]
 
+include::config/feature.txt[]
+
 include::config/fetch.txt[]
 
 include::config/format.txt[]
diff --git a/Documentation/config/add.txt b/Documentation/config/add.txt
index 4d753f006e..c9f748f81c 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/add.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/add.txt
@@ -5,3 +5,8 @@ add.ignore-errors (deprecated)::
 	option of linkgit:git-add[1].  `add.ignore-errors` is deprecated,
 	as it does not follow the usual naming convention for configuration
 	variables.
+
+add.interactive.useBuiltin::
+	[EXPERIMENTAL] Set to `true` to use the experimental built-in
+	implementation of the interactive version of linkgit:git-add[1]
+	instead of the Perl script version. Is `false` by default.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/advice.txt b/Documentation/config/advice.txt
index 6aaa360202..bdd37c3eaa 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/advice.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/advice.txt
@@ -107,4 +107,13 @@ advice.*::
 		editor input from the user.
 	nestedTag::
 		Advice shown if a user attempts to recursively tag a tag object.
+	submoduleAlternateErrorStrategyDie::
+		Advice shown when a submodule.alternateErrorStrategy option
+		configured to "die" causes a fatal error.
+	addIgnoredFile::
+		Advice shown if a user attempts to add an ignored file to
+		the index.
+	addEmptyPathspec::
+		Advice shown if a user runs the add command without providing
+		the pathspec parameter.
 --
diff --git a/Documentation/config/branch.txt b/Documentation/config/branch.txt
index a592d522a7..cc5f3249fc 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/branch.txt
@@ -81,15 +81,16 @@ branch.<name>.rebase::
 	"git pull" is run. See "pull.rebase" for doing this in a non
 	branch-specific manner.
 +
-When `merges`, pass the `--rebase-merges` option to 'git rebase'
+When `merges` (or just 'm'), pass the `--rebase-merges` option to 'git rebase'
 so that the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see
 linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details).
 +
-When `preserve` (deprecated in favor of `merges`), also pass
+When `preserve` (or just 'p', deprecated in favor of `merges`), also pass
 `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase' so that locally committed merge
 commits will not be flattened by running 'git pull'.
 +
-When the value is `interactive`, the rebase is run in interactive mode.
+When the value is `interactive` (or just 'i'), the rebase is run in interactive
+mode.
 +
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/config/core.txt b/Documentation/config/core.txt
index 75538d27e7..74619a9c03 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/core.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/core.txt
@@ -68,6 +68,17 @@ core.fsmonitor::
 	avoiding unnecessary processing of files that have not changed.
 	See the "fsmonitor-watchman" section of linkgit:githooks[5].
 
+core.fsmonitorHookVersion::
+	Sets the version of hook that is to be used when calling fsmonitor.
+	There are currently versions 1 and 2. When this is not set,
+	version 2 will be tried first and if it fails then version 1
+	will be tried. Version 1 uses a timestamp as input to determine
+	which files have changes since that time but some monitors
+	like watchman have race conditions when used with a timestamp.
+	Version 2 uses an opaque string so that the monitor can return
+	something that can be used to determine what files have changed
+	without race conditions.
+
 core.trustctime::
 	If false, the ctime differences between the index and the
 	working tree are ignored; useful when the inode change time
@@ -86,7 +97,9 @@ core.untrackedCache::
 	it will automatically be removed, if set to `false`. Before
 	setting it to `true`, you should check that mtime is working
 	properly on your system.
-	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. `keep` by default.
+	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. `keep` by default, unless
+	`feature.manyFiles` is enabled which sets this setting to
+	`true` by default.
 
 core.checkStat::
 	When missing or is set to `default`, many fields in the stat
@@ -557,6 +570,12 @@ core.unsetenvvars::
 	Defaults to `PERL5LIB` to account for the fact that Git for
 	Windows insists on using its own Perl interpreter.
 
+core.restrictinheritedhandles::
+	Windows-only: override whether spawned processes inherit only standard
+	file handles (`stdin`, `stdout` and `stderr`) or all handles. Can be
+	`auto`, `true` or `false`. Defaults to `auto`, which means `true` on
+	Windows 7 and later, and `false` on older Windows versions.
+
 core.createObject::
 	You can set this to 'link', in which case a hardlink followed by
 	a delete of the source are used to make sure that object creation
@@ -577,7 +596,7 @@ the `GIT_NOTES_REF` environment variable.  See linkgit:git-notes[1].
 
 core.commitGraph::
 	If true, then git will read the commit-graph file (if it exists)
-	to parse the graph structure of commits. Defaults to false. See
+	to parse the graph structure of commits. Defaults to true. See
 	linkgit:git-commit-graph[1] for more information.
 
 core.useReplaceRefs::
@@ -591,8 +610,14 @@ core.multiPackIndex::
 	multi-pack-index design document].
 
 core.sparseCheckout::
-	Enable "sparse checkout" feature. See section "Sparse checkout" in
-	linkgit:git-read-tree[1] for more information.
+	Enable "sparse checkout" feature. See linkgit:git-sparse-checkout[1]
+	for more information.
+
+core.sparseCheckoutCone::
+	Enables the "cone mode" of the sparse checkout feature. When the
+	sparse-checkout file contains a limited set of patterns, then this
+	mode provides significant performance advantages. See
+	linkgit:git-sparse-checkout[1] for more information.
 
 core.abbrev::
 	Set the length object names are abbreviated to.  If
diff --git a/Documentation/config/diff.txt b/Documentation/config/diff.txt
index 5afb5a2cbc..ff09f1cf73 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/diff.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/diff.txt
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ diff.guitool::
 include::../mergetools-diff.txt[]
 
 diff.indentHeuristic::
-	Set this option to `true` to enable experimental heuristics
+	Set this option to `false` to disable the default heuristics
 	that shift diff hunk boundaries to make patches easier to read.
 
 diff.algorithm::
diff --git a/Documentation/config/feature.txt b/Documentation/config/feature.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..875f8c8a66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/feature.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+feature.*::
+	The config settings that start with `feature.` modify the defaults of
+	a group of other config settings. These groups are created by the Git
+	developer community as recommended defaults and are subject to change.
+	In particular, new config options may be added with different defaults.
+
+feature.experimental::
+	Enable config options that are new to Git, and are being considered for
+	future defaults. Config settings included here may be added or removed
+	with each release, including minor version updates. These settings may
+	have unintended interactions since they are so new. Please enable this
+	setting if you are interested in providing feedback on experimental
+	features. The new default values are:
++
+* `pack.useSparse=true` uses a new algorithm when constructing a pack-file
+which can improve `git push` performance in repos with many files.
++
+* `fetch.negotiationAlgorithm=skipping` may improve fetch negotiation times by
+skipping more commits at a time, reducing the number of round trips.
++
+* `fetch.writeCommitGraph=true` writes a commit-graph after every `git fetch`
+command that downloads a pack-file from a remote. Using the `--split` option,
+most executions will create a very small commit-graph file on top of the
+existing commit-graph file(s). Occasionally, these files will merge and the
+write may take longer. Having an updated commit-graph file helps performance
+of many Git commands, including `git merge-base`, `git push -f`, and
+`git log --graph`.
+
+feature.manyFiles::
+	Enable config options that optimize for repos with many files in the
+	working directory. With many files, commands such as `git status` and
+	`git checkout` may be slow and these new defaults improve performance:
++
+* `index.version=4` enables path-prefix compression in the index.
++
+* `core.untrackedCache=true` enables the untracked cache. This setting assumes
+that mtime is working on your machine.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/fetch.txt b/Documentation/config/fetch.txt
index ba890b5884..f11940280f 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/fetch.txt
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ fetch.negotiationAlgorithm::
 	effort to converge faster, but may result in a larger-than-necessary
 	packfile; The default is "default" which instructs Git to use the default algorithm
 	that never skips commits (unless the server has acknowledged it or one
-	of its descendants).
+	of its descendants). If `feature.experimental` is enabled, then this
+	setting defaults to "skipping".
 	Unknown values will cause 'git fetch' to error out.
 +
 See also the `--negotiation-tip` option for linkgit:git-fetch[1].
@@ -68,3 +69,23 @@ fetch.showForcedUpdates::
 	Set to false to enable `--no-show-forced-updates` in
 	linkgit:git-fetch[1] and linkgit:git-pull[1] commands.
 	Defaults to true.
+
+fetch.parallel::
+	Specifies the maximal number of fetch operations to be run in parallel
+	at a time (submodules, or remotes when the `--multiple` option of
+	linkgit:git-fetch[1] is in effect).
++
+A value of 0 will give some reasonable default. If unset, it defaults to 1.
++
+For submodules, this setting can be overridden using the `submodule.fetchJobs`
+config setting.
+
+fetch.writeCommitGraph::
+	Set to true to write a commit-graph after every `git fetch` command
+	that downloads a pack-file from a remote. Using the `--split` option,
+	most executions will create a very small commit-graph file on top of
+	the existing commit-graph file(s). Occasionally, these files will
+	merge and the write may take longer. Having an updated commit-graph
+	file helps performance of many Git commands, including `git merge-base`,
+	`git push -f`, and `git log --graph`. Defaults to false, unless
+	`feature.experimental` is true.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/format.txt b/Documentation/config/format.txt
index 414a5a8a9d..45c7bd5a8f 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/format.txt
@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ format.subjectPrefix::
 	The default for format-patch is to output files with the '[PATCH]'
 	subject prefix. Use this variable to change that prefix.
 
+format.coverFromDescription::
+	The default mode for format-patch to determine which parts of
+	the cover letter will be populated using the branch's
+	description. See the `--cover-from-description` option in
+	linkgit:git-format-patch[1].
+
 format.signature::
 	The default for format-patch is to output a signature containing
 	the Git version number. Use this variable to change that default.
@@ -77,10 +83,11 @@ format.coverLetter::
 	A boolean that controls whether to generate a cover-letter when
 	format-patch is invoked, but in addition can be set to "auto", to
 	generate a cover-letter only when there's more than one patch.
+	Default is false.
 
 format.outputDirectory::
 	Set a custom directory to store the resulting files instead of the
-	current working directory.
+	current working directory. All directory components will be created.
 
 format.useAutoBase::
 	A boolean value which lets you enable the `--base=auto` option of
@@ -99,4 +106,20 @@ If one wishes to use the ref `ref/notes/true`, please use that literal
 instead.
 +
 This configuration can be specified multiple times in order to allow
-multiple notes refs to be included.
+multiple notes refs to be included. In that case, it will behave
+similarly to multiple `--[no-]notes[=]` options passed in. That is, a
+value of `true` will show the default notes, a value of `<ref>` will
+also show notes from that notes ref and a value of `false` will negate
+previous configurations and not show notes.
++
+For example,
++
+------------
+[format]
+	notes = true
+	notes = foo
+	notes = false
+	notes = bar
+------------
++
+will only show notes from `refs/notes/bar`.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/gc.txt b/Documentation/config/gc.txt
index 02b92b18b5..00ea0a678e 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/gc.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/gc.txt
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ gc.writeCommitGraph::
 	If true, then gc will rewrite the commit-graph file when
 	linkgit:git-gc[1] is run. When using `git gc --auto`
 	the commit-graph will be updated if housekeeping is
-	required. Default is false. See linkgit:git-commit-graph[1]
+	required. Default is true. See linkgit:git-commit-graph[1]
 	for details.
 
 gc.logExpiry::
diff --git a/Documentation/config/gpg.txt b/Documentation/config/gpg.txt
index cce2c89245..d94025cb36 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/gpg.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/gpg.txt
@@ -18,3 +18,18 @@ gpg.<format>.program::
 	chose. (see `gpg.program` and `gpg.format`) `gpg.program` can still
 	be used as a legacy synonym for `gpg.openpgp.program`. The default
 	value for `gpg.x509.program` is "gpgsm".
+
+gpg.minTrustLevel::
+	Specifies a minimum trust level for signature verification.  If
+	this option is unset, then signature verification for merge
+	operations require a key with at least `marginal` trust.  Other
+	operations that perform signature verification require a key
+	with at least `undefined` trust.  Setting this option overrides
+	the required trust-level for all operations.  Supported values,
+	in increasing order of significance:
++
+* `undefined`
+* `never`
+* `marginal`
+* `fully`
+* `ultimate`
diff --git a/Documentation/config/http.txt b/Documentation/config/http.txt
index 5a32f5b0a5..e806033aab 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/http.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/http.txt
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ http.saveCookies::
 http.version::
 	Use the specified HTTP protocol version when communicating with a server.
 	If you want to force the default. The available and default version depend
-	on libcurl. Actually the possible values of
+	on libcurl. Currently the possible values of
 	this option are:
 
 	- HTTP/2
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ http.sslVersion::
 	particular configuration of the crypto library in use. Internally
 	this sets the 'CURLOPT_SSL_VERSION' option; see the libcurl
 	documentation for more details on the format of this option and
-	for the ssl version supported. Actually the possible values of
+	for the ssl version supported. Currently the possible values of
 	this option are:
 
 	- sslv2
@@ -199,6 +199,14 @@ http.postBuffer::
 	Transfer-Encoding: chunked is used to avoid creating a
 	massive pack file locally.  Default is 1 MiB, which is
 	sufficient for most requests.
++
+Note that raising this limit is only effective for disabling chunked
+transfer encoding and therefore should be used only where the remote
+server or a proxy only supports HTTP/1.0 or is noncompliant with the
+HTTP standard.  Raising this is not, in general, an effective solution
+for most push problems, but can increase memory consumption
+significantly since the entire buffer is allocated even for small
+pushes.
 
 http.lowSpeedLimit, http.lowSpeedTime::
 	If the HTTP transfer speed is less than 'http.lowSpeedLimit'
diff --git a/Documentation/config/index.txt b/Documentation/config/index.txt
index f181503041..7cb50b37e9 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/index.txt
@@ -24,3 +24,4 @@ index.threads::
 index.version::
 	Specify the version with which new index files should be
 	initialized.  This does not affect existing repositories.
+	If `feature.manyFiles` is enabled, then the default is 4.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/pack.txt b/Documentation/config/pack.txt
index 9cdcfa7324..0dac580581 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/pack.txt
@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@ Note that changing the compression level will not automatically recompress
 all existing objects. You can force recompression by passing the -F option
 to linkgit:git-repack[1].
 
+pack.allowPackReuse::
+	When true, and when reachability bitmaps are enabled,
+	pack-objects will try to send parts of the bitmapped packfile
+	verbatim. This can reduce memory and CPU usage to serve fetches,
+	but might result in sending a slightly larger pack. Defaults to
+	true.
+
 pack.island::
 	An extended regular expression configuring a set of delta
 	islands. See "DELTA ISLANDS" in linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]
@@ -112,7 +119,8 @@ pack.useSparse::
 	objects. This can have significant performance benefits when
 	computing a pack to send a small change. However, it is possible
 	that extra objects are added to the pack-file if the included
-	commits contain certain types of direct renames.
+	commits contain certain types of direct renames. Default is `false`
+	unless `feature.experimental` is enabled.
 
 pack.writeBitmaps (deprecated)::
 	This is a deprecated synonym for `repack.writeBitmaps`.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/protocol.txt b/Documentation/config/protocol.txt
index bfccc07491..756591d77b 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/protocol.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/protocol.txt
@@ -45,11 +45,10 @@ The protocol names currently used by git are:
 --
 
 protocol.version::
-	Experimental. If set, clients will attempt to communicate with a
-	server using the specified protocol version.  If unset, no
-	attempt will be made by the client to communicate using a
-	particular protocol version, this results in protocol version 0
-	being used.
+	If set, clients will attempt to communicate with a server
+	using the specified protocol version.  If the server does
+	not support it, communication falls back to version 0.
+	If unset, the default is `2`.
 	Supported versions:
 +
 --
diff --git a/Documentation/config/pull.txt b/Documentation/config/pull.txt
index b87cab31b3..5404830609 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/pull.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/pull.txt
@@ -14,15 +14,16 @@ pull.rebase::
 	pull" is run. See "branch.<name>.rebase" for setting this on a
 	per-branch basis.
 +
-When `merges`, pass the `--rebase-merges` option to 'git rebase'
+When `merges` (or just 'm'), pass the `--rebase-merges` option to 'git rebase'
 so that the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see
 linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details).
 +
-When `preserve` (deprecated in favor of `merges`), also pass
+When `preserve` (or just 'p', deprecated in favor of `merges`), also pass
 `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase' so that locally committed merge
 commits will not be flattened by running 'git pull'.
 +
-When the value is `interactive`, the rebase is run in interactive mode.
+When the value is `interactive` (or just 'i'), the rebase is run in interactive
+mode.
 +
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/config/push.txt b/Documentation/config/push.txt
index 0a0e000569..0a7aa322a9 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/push.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/push.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 push.default::
 	Defines the action `git push` should take if no refspec is
-	explicitly given.  Different values are well-suited for
+	given (whether from the command-line, config, or elsewhere).
+	Different values are well-suited for
 	specific workflows; for instance, in a purely central workflow
 	(i.e. the fetch source is equal to the push destination),
 	`upstream` is probably what you want.  Possible values are:
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ push.default::
 --
 
 * `nothing` - do not push anything (error out) unless a refspec is
-  explicitly given. This is primarily meant for people who want to
+  given. This is primarily meant for people who want to
   avoid mistakes by always being explicit.
 
 * `current` - push the current branch to update a branch with the same
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ higher priority configuration file (e.g. `.git/config` in a
 repository) to clear the values inherited from a lower priority
 configuration files (e.g. `$HOME/.gitconfig`).
 +
---
+----
 
 Example:
 
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ repo/.git/config
 
 This will result in only b (a and c are cleared).
 
---
+----
 
 push.recurseSubmodules::
 	Make sure all submodule commits used by the revisions to be pushed
diff --git a/Documentation/config/rebase.txt b/Documentation/config/rebase.txt
index d98e32d812..7f7a07d22f 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/rebase.txt
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ rebase.useBuiltin::
 	is always used. Setting this will emit a warning, to alert any
 	remaining users that setting this now does nothing.
 
+rebase.backend::
+	Default backend to use for rebasing.  Possible choices are
+	'apply' or 'merge'.  In the future, if the merge backend gains
+	all remaining capabilities of the apply backend, this setting
+	may become unused.
+
 rebase.stat::
 	Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
 	rebase. False by default.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/remote.txt b/Documentation/config/remote.txt
index 6c4cad83a2..a8e6437a90 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/remote.txt
@@ -76,3 +76,11 @@ remote.<name>.pruneTags::
 +
 See also `remote.<name>.prune` and the PRUNING section of
 linkgit:git-fetch[1].
+
+remote.<name>.promisor::
+	When set to true, this remote will be used to fetch promisor
+	objects.
+
+remote.<name>.partialclonefilter::
+	The filter that will be applied when fetching from this
+	promisor remote.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/submodule.txt b/Documentation/config/submodule.txt
index 0a1293b051..b33177151c 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/submodule.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/submodule.txt
@@ -79,4 +79,6 @@ submodule.alternateLocation::
 submodule.alternateErrorStrategy::
 	Specifies how to treat errors with the alternates for a submodule
 	as computed via `submodule.alternateLocation`. Possible values are
-	`ignore`, `info`, `die`. Default is `die`.
+	`ignore`, `info`, `die`. Default is `die`. Note that if set to `ignore`
+	or `info`, and if there is an error with the computed alternate, the
+	clone proceeds as if no alternate was specified.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/tag.txt b/Documentation/config/tag.txt
index ef5adb3f42..6d9110d84c 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/tag.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ tag.gpgSign::
 	Use of this option when running in an automated script can
 	result in a large number of tags being signed. It is therefore
 	convenient to use an agent to avoid typing your gpg passphrase
-	several times. Note that this option doesn't affects tag signing
+	several times. Note that this option doesn't affect tag signing
 	behavior enabled by "-u <keyid>" or "--local-user=<keyid>" options.
 
 tar.umask::
diff --git a/Documentation/config/trace2.txt b/Documentation/config/trace2.txt
index 2edbfb02fe..4ce0b9a6d1 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/trace2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/trace2.txt
@@ -54,3 +54,9 @@ trace2.destinationDebug::
 	By default, these errors are suppressed and tracing is
 	silently disabled.  May be overridden by the
 	`GIT_TRACE2_DST_DEBUG` environment variable.
+
+trace2.maxFiles::
+	Integer.  When writing trace files to a target directory, do not
+	write additional traces if we would exceed this many files. Instead,
+	write a sentinel file that will block further tracing to this
+	directory. Defaults to 0, which disables this check.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/user.txt b/Documentation/config/user.txt
index 0557cbbceb..59aec7c3ae 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/user.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/user.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,12 @@ committer.email::
 	Also, all of these can be overridden by the `GIT_AUTHOR_NAME`,
 	`GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL`, `GIT_COMMITTER_NAME`,
 	`GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL` and `EMAIL` environment variables.
-	See linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] for more information.
++
+Note that the `name` forms of these variables conventionally refer to
+some form of a personal name.  See linkgit:git-commit[1] and the
+environment variables section of linkgit:git[1] for more information on
+these settings and the `credential.username` option if you're looking
+for authentication credentials instead.
 
 user.useConfigOnly::
 	Instruct Git to avoid trying to guess defaults for `user.email`
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-format.txt b/Documentation/diff-format.txt
index 4d846d7346..fbbd410a84 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-format.txt
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Possible status letters are:
 - R: renaming of a file
 - T: change in the type of the file
 - U: file is unmerged (you must complete the merge before it can
-be committed)
+  be committed)
 - X: "unknown" change type (most probably a bug, please report it)
 
 Status letters C and R are always followed by a score (denoting the
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt
index f10ca410ad..e8ed6470fb 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
-Generating patches with -p
---------------------------
-
-When "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree", or "git-diff-files" are run
-with a `-p` option, "git diff" without the `--raw` option, or
-"git log" with the "-p" option, they
-do not produce the output described above; instead they produce a
-patch file.  You can customize the creation of such patches via the
+Generating patch text with -p
+-----------------------------
+
+Running
+linkgit:git-diff[1],
+linkgit:git-log[1],
+linkgit:git-show[1],
+linkgit:git-diff-index[1],
+linkgit:git-diff-tree[1], or
+linkgit:git-diff-files[1]
+with the `-p` option produces patch text.
+You can customize the creation of patch text via the
 `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` and the `GIT_DIFF_OPTS` environment variables.
 
 What the -p option produces is slightly different from the traditional
@@ -49,7 +53,7 @@ similarity index value of 100% is thus reserved for two equal
 files, while 100% dissimilarity means that no line from the old
 file made it into the new one.
 +
-The index line includes the SHA-1 checksum before and after the change.
+The index line includes the blob object names before and after the change.
 The <mode> is included if the file mode does not change; otherwise,
 separate lines indicate the old and the new mode.
 
@@ -70,7 +74,7 @@ separate lines indicate the old and the new mode.
       rename to a
 
 
-combined diff format
+Combined diff format
 --------------------
 
 Any diff-generating command can take the `-c` or `--cc` option to
@@ -80,7 +84,7 @@ linkgit:git-show[1]. Note also that you can give the `-m` option to any
 of these commands to force generation of diffs with individual parents
 of a merge.
 
-A 'combined diff' format looks like this:
+A "combined diff" format looks like this:
 
 ------------
 diff --combined describe.c
@@ -113,11 +117,11 @@ index fabadb8,cc95eb0..4866510
 ------------
 
 1.   It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like
-     this (when `-c` option is used):
+     this (when the `-c` option is used):
 
        diff --combined file
 +
-or like this (when `--cc` option is used):
+or like this (when the `--cc` option is used):
 
        diff --cc file
 
@@ -160,7 +164,7 @@ parents.
 4.   Chunk header format is modified to prevent people from
      accidentally feeding it to `patch -p1`. Combined diff format
      was created for review of merge commit changes, and was not
-     meant for apply. The change is similar to the change in the
+     meant to be applied. The change is similar to the change in the
      extended 'index' header:
 
        @@@ <from-file-range> <from-file-range> <to-file-range> @@@
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
index 09faee3b44..bb31f0c42b 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
@@ -567,13 +567,13 @@ To illustrate the difference between `-S<regex> --pickaxe-regex` and
 file:
 +
 ----
-+    return !regexec(regexp, two->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
++    return frotz(nitfol, two->ptr, 1, 0);
 ...
--    hit = !regexec(regexp, mf2.ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+-    hit = frotz(nitfol, mf2.ptr, 1, 0);
 ----
 +
-While `git log -G"regexec\(regexp"` will show this commit, `git log
--S"regexec\(regexp" --pickaxe-regex` will not (because the number of
+While `git log -G"frotz\(nitfol"` will show this commit, `git log
+-S"frotz\(nitfol" --pickaxe-regex` will not (because the number of
 occurrences of that string did not change).
 +
 Unless `--text` is supplied patches of binary files without a textconv
diff --git a/Documentation/doc-diff b/Documentation/doc-diff
index 3355be4798..1694300e50 100755
--- a/Documentation/doc-diff
+++ b/Documentation/doc-diff
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ asciidoc		use asciidoc with both commits
 to-asciidoc		use asciidoc with the 'to'-commit
 to-asciidoctor		use asciidoctor with the 'to'-commit
 asciidoctor		use asciidoctor with both commits
-cut-header-footer	cut away header and footer
+cut-footer		cut away footer
 "
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=1
 . "$(git --exec-path)/git-sh-setup"
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ force=
 clean=
 from_program=
 to_program=
-cut_header_footer=
+cut_footer=
 while test $# -gt 0
 do
 	case "$1" in
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ do
 	--asciidoc)
 		from_program=-asciidoc
 		to_program=-asciidoc ;;
-	--cut-header-footer)
-		cut_header_footer=-cut-header-footer ;;
+	--cut-footer)
+		cut_footer=-cut-footer ;;
 	--)
 		shift; break ;;
 	*)
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ construct_makemanflags () {
 from_makemanflags=$(construct_makemanflags "$from_program") &&
 to_makemanflags=$(construct_makemanflags "$to_program") &&
 
-from_dir=$from_oid$from_program$cut_header_footer &&
-to_dir=$to_oid$to_program$cut_header_footer &&
+from_dir=$from_oid$from_program$cut_footer &&
+to_dir=$to_oid$to_program$cut_footer &&
 
 # generate_render_makefile <srcdir> <dstdir>
 generate_render_makefile () {
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ generate_render_makefile () {
 	while read src
 	do
 		dst=$2/${src#$1/}
-		printf 'all:: %s\n' "$dst"
+		printf 'all: %s\n' "$dst"
 		printf '%s: %s\n' "$dst" "$src"
 		printf '\t@echo >&2 "  RENDER $(notdir $@)" && \\\n'
 		printf '\tmkdir -p $(dir $@) && \\\n'
@@ -169,12 +169,11 @@ render_tree () {
 		make -j$parallel -f - &&
 		mv "$tmp/rendered/$dname+" "$tmp/rendered/$dname"
 
-		if test "$cut_header_footer" = "-cut-header-footer"
+		if test "$cut_footer" = "-cut-footer"
 		then
 			for f in $(find "$tmp/rendered/$dname" -type f)
 			do
-				tail -n +3 "$f" | head -n -2 |
-				sed -e '1{/^$/d}' -e '${/^$/d}' >"$f+" &&
+				head -n -2 "$f" | sed -e '${/^$/d}' >"$f+" &&
 				mv "$f+" "$f" ||
 				return 1
 			done
diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
index 3c9b4f9e09..a115a1ae0e 100644
--- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
@@ -92,6 +92,10 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
 	Run `git gc --auto` at the end to perform garbage collection
 	if needed. This is enabled by default.
 
+--[no-]write-commit-graph::
+	Write a commit-graph after fetching. This overrides the config
+	setting `fetch.writeCommitGraph`.
+
 -p::
 --prune::
 	Before fetching, remove any remote-tracking references that no
@@ -135,7 +139,10 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
 	specified refspec (can be given more than once) to map the
 	refs to remote-tracking branches, instead of the values of
 	`remote.*.fetch` configuration variables for the remote
-	repository.  See section on "Configured Remote-tracking
+	repository.  Providing an empty `<refspec>` to the
+	`--refmap` option causes Git to ignore the configured
+	refspecs and rely entirely on the refspecs supplied as
+	command-line arguments. See section on "Configured Remote-tracking
 	Branches" for details.
 
 -t::
@@ -160,15 +167,27 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
 
 -j::
 --jobs=<n>::
-	Number of parallel children to be used for fetching submodules.
-	Each will fetch from different submodules, such that fetching many
-	submodules will be faster. By default submodules will be fetched
-	one at a time.
+	Number of parallel children to be used for all forms of fetching.
++
+If the `--multiple` option was specified, the different remotes will be fetched
+in parallel. If multiple submodules are fetched, they will be fetched in
+parallel. To control them independently, use the config settings
+`fetch.parallel` and `submodule.fetchJobs` (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
++
+Typically, parallel recursive and multi-remote fetches will be faster. By
+default fetches are performed sequentially, not in parallel.
 
 --no-recurse-submodules::
 	Disable recursive fetching of submodules (this has the same effect as
 	using the `--recurse-submodules=no` option).
 
+--set-upstream::
+	If the remote is fetched successfully, pull and add upstream
+	(tracking) reference, used by argument-less
+	linkgit:git-pull[1] and other commands. For more information,
+	see `branch.<name>.merge` and `branch.<name>.remote` in
+	linkgit:git-config[1].
+
 --submodule-prefix=<path>::
 	Prepend <path> to paths printed in informative messages
 	such as "Fetching submodule foo".  This option is used
diff --git a/Documentation/git-add.txt b/Documentation/git-add.txt
index 8b0e4c7fa8..be5e3ac54b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-add.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-add.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git add' [--verbose | -v] [--dry-run | -n] [--force | -f] [--interactive | -i] [--patch | -p]
 	  [--edit | -e] [--[no-]all | --[no-]ignore-removal | [--update | -u]]
 	  [--intent-to-add | -N] [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing] [--renormalize]
-	  [--chmod=(+|-)x] [--] [<pathspec>...]
+	  [--chmod=(+|-)x] [--pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]]
+	  [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -187,6 +188,19 @@ for "git add --no-all <pathspec>...", i.e. ignored removed files.
 	bit is only changed in the index, the files on disk are left
 	unchanged.
 
+--pathspec-from-file=<file>::
+	Pathspec is passed in `<file>` instead of commandline args. If
+	`<file>` is exactly `-` then standard input is used. Pathspec
+	elements are separated by LF or CR/LF. Pathspec elements can be
+	quoted as explained for the configuration variable `core.quotePath`
+	(see linkgit:git-config[1]). See also `--pathspec-file-nul` and
+	global `--literal-pathspecs`.
+
+--pathspec-file-nul::
+	Only meaningful with `--pathspec-from-file`. Pathspec elements are
+	separated with NUL character and all other characters are taken
+	literally (including newlines and quotes).
+
 \--::
 	This option can be used to separate command-line options from
 	the list of files, (useful when filenames might be mistaken
diff --git a/Documentation/git-am.txt b/Documentation/git-am.txt
index fc3b993c33..ab5754e05d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-am.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-am.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	 [--exclude=<path>] [--include=<path>] [--reject] [-q | --quiet]
 	 [--[no-]scissors] [-S[<keyid>]] [--patch-format=<format>]
 	 [(<mbox> | <Maildir>)...]
-'git am' (--continue | --skip | --abort | --quit | --show-current-patch)
+'git am' (--continue | --skip | --abort | --quit | --show-current-patch[=(diff|raw)])
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -176,9 +176,11 @@ default.   You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
 	Abort the patching operation but keep HEAD and the index
 	untouched.
 
---show-current-patch::
-	Show the patch being applied when "git am" is stopped because
-	of conflicts.
+--show-current-patch[=(diff|raw)]::
+	Show the message at which `git am` has stopped due to
+	conflicts.  If `raw` is specified, show the raw contents of
+	the e-mail message; if `diff`, show the diff portion only.
+	Defaults to `raw`.
 
 DISCUSSION
 ----------
@@ -190,8 +192,8 @@ the commit, after stripping common prefix "[PATCH <anything>]".
 The "Subject: " line is supposed to concisely describe what the
 commit is about in one line of text.
 
-"From: " and "Subject: " lines starting the body override the respective
-commit author name and title values taken from the headers.
+"From: ", "Date: ", and "Subject: " lines starting the body override the
+respective commit author name and title values taken from the headers.
 
 The commit message is formed by the title taken from the
 "Subject: ", a blank line and the body of the message up to
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
index e99925184d..3ba49e85b7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ Test suites are very nice. But when they are used alone, they are
 supposed to be used so that all the tests are checked after each
 commit. This means that they are not very efficient, because many
 tests are run for no interesting result, and they suffer from
-combinational explosion.
+combinatorial explosion.
 
 In fact the problem is that big software often has many different
 configuration options and that each test case should pass for each
@@ -1350,9 +1350,9 @@ References
 - [[[1]]] https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/documents/director/planning/report02-3.pdf['The Economic Impacts of Inadequate Infratructure for Software Testing'.  Nist Planning Report 02-3], see Executive Summary and Chapter 8.
 - [[[2]]] http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/codeconvtoc-136057.html['Code Conventions for the Java Programming Language'. Sun Microsystems.]
 - [[[3]]] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_maintenance['Software maintenance'. Wikipedia.]
-- [[[4]]] https://public-inbox.org/git/7vps5xsbwp.fsf_-_@assigned-by-dhcp.cox.net/[Junio C Hamano. 'Automated bisect success story'.]
+- [[[4]]] https://lore.kernel.org/git/7vps5xsbwp.fsf_-_@assigned-by-dhcp.cox.net/[Junio C Hamano. 'Automated bisect success story'.]
 - [[[5]]] https://lwn.net/Articles/317154/[Christian Couder. 'Fully automated bisecting with "git bisect run"'. LWN.net.]
 - [[[6]]] https://lwn.net/Articles/277872/[Jonathan Corbet. 'Bisection divides users and developers'. LWN.net.]
-- [[[7]]] http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=119702753411680&w=2[Ingo Molnar. 'Re: BUG 2.6.23-rc3 can't see sd partitions on Alpha'. Linux-kernel mailing list.]
+- [[[7]]] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20071207113734.GA14598@elte.hu/[Ingo Molnar. 'Re: BUG 2.6.23-rc3 can't see sd partitions on Alpha'. Linux-kernel mailing list.]
 - [[[8]]] https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-bisect.html[Junio C Hamano and the git-list. 'git-bisect(1) Manual Page'. Linux Kernel Archives.]
 - [[[9]]] https://github.com/Ealdwulf/bbchop[Ealdwulf. 'bbchop'. GitHub.]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
index 4b45d837a7..7586c5a843 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ $ cat ~/test.sh
 
 # tweak the working tree by merging the hot-fix branch
 # and then attempt a build
-if	git merge --no-commit hot-fix &&
+if	git merge --no-commit --no-ff hot-fix &&
 	make
 then
 	# run project specific test and report its status
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
index 7d6c9dcd17..d34b0964be 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ git-bundle - Move objects and refs by archive
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git bundle' create <file> <git-rev-list-args>
-'git bundle' verify <file>
+'git bundle' create [-q | --quiet | --progress | --all-progress] [--all-progress-implied] <file> <git-rev-list-args>
+'git bundle' verify [-q | --quiet] <file>
 'git bundle' list-heads <file> [<refname>...]
 'git bundle' unbundle <file> [<refname>...]
 
@@ -20,11 +20,14 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one
 machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot
 be directly connected, and therefore the interactive Git protocols (git,
-ssh, http) cannot be used.  This command provides support for
-'git fetch' and 'git pull' to operate by packaging objects and references
-in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into
-another repository using 'git fetch' and 'git pull'
-after moving the archive by some means (e.g., by sneakernet).  As no
+ssh, http) cannot be used.
+
+The 'git bundle' command packages objects and references in an archive
+at the originating machine, which can then be imported into another
+repository using 'git fetch', 'git pull', or 'git clone',
+after moving the archive by some means (e.g., by sneakernet).
+
+As no
 direct connection between the repositories exists, the user must specify a
 basis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: the
 bundle assumes that all objects in the basis are already in the
@@ -33,9 +36,11 @@ destination repository.
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
-create <file>::
+create [options] <file> <git-rev-list-args>::
 	Used to create a bundle named 'file'.  This requires the
-	'git-rev-list-args' arguments to define the bundle contents.
+	'<git-rev-list-args>' arguments to define the bundle contents.
+	'options' contains the options specific to the 'git bundle create'
+	subcommand.
 
 verify <file>::
 	Used to check that a bundle file is valid and will apply
@@ -75,6 +80,33 @@ unbundle <file>::
 	necessarily everything in the pack (in this case, 'git bundle' acts
 	like 'git fetch-pack').
 
+--progress::
+	Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
+	by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
+	is specified. This flag forces progress status even if
+	the standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
+
+--all-progress::
+	When --stdout is specified then progress report is
+	displayed during the object count and compression phases
+	but inhibited during the write-out phase. The reason is
+	that in some cases the output stream is directly linked
+	to another command which may wish to display progress
+	status of its own as it processes incoming pack data.
+	This flag is like --progress except that it forces progress
+	report for the write-out phase as well even if --stdout is
+	used.
+
+--all-progress-implied::
+	This is used to imply --all-progress whenever progress display
+	is activated.  Unlike --all-progress this flag doesn't actually
+	force any progress display by itself.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	This flag makes the command not to report its progress
+	on the standard error stream.
+
 SPECIFYING REFERENCES
 ---------------------
 
@@ -92,6 +124,14 @@ It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file
 to contain objects already in the destination, as these are ignored
 when unpacking at the destination.
 
+`git clone` can use any bundle created without negative refspecs
+(e.g., `new`, but not `old..new`).
+If you want to match `git clone --mirror`, which would include your
+refs such as `refs/remotes/*`, use `--all`.
+If you want to provide the same set of refs that a clone directly
+from the source repository would get, use `--branches --tags` for
+the `<git-rev-list-args>`.
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
index 3c0578217b..84f41a8e82 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	instead of from the command-line.
 
 -z::
-	The output format is modified to be machine-parseable.
+	The output format is modified to be machine-parsable.
 	If `--stdin` is also given, input paths are separated
 	with a NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt
index 8b42cb3fb2..0c3924a63d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt
@@ -30,16 +30,22 @@ OPTIONS
 	valid with a single pathname.
 
 -v, --verbose::
-	Also output details about the matching pattern (if any)
-	for each given pathname. For precedence rules within and
-	between exclude sources, see linkgit:gitignore[5].
+	Instead of printing the paths that are excluded, for each path
+	that matches an exclude pattern, print the exclude pattern
+	together with the path.  (Matching an exclude pattern usually
+	means the path is excluded, but if the pattern begins with '!'
+	then it is a negated pattern and matching it means the path is
+	NOT excluded.)
++
+For precedence rules within and between exclude sources, see
+linkgit:gitignore[5].
 
 --stdin::
 	Read pathnames from the standard input, one per line,
 	instead of from the command-line.
 
 -z::
-	The output format is modified to be machine-parseable (see
+	The output format is modified to be machine-parsable (see
 	below).  If `--stdin` is also given, input paths are separated
 	with a NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
index cf3cac0a2b..c8fb995fa7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] --detach [<branch>]
 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [--detach] <commit>
 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [[-b|-B|--orphan] <new_branch>] [<start_point>]
-'git checkout' [-f|--ours|--theirs|-m|--conflict=<style>] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
-'git checkout' [<tree-ish>] [--] <pathspec>...
-'git checkout' (-p|--patch) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]
+'git checkout' [-f|--ours|--theirs|-m|--conflict=<style>] [<tree-ish>] [--] <pathspec>...
+'git checkout' [-f|--ours|--theirs|-m|--conflict=<style>] [<tree-ish>] --pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]
+'git checkout' (-p|--patch) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Updates files in the working tree to match the version in the index
-or the specified tree.  If no paths are given, 'git checkout' will
+or the specified tree.  If no pathspec was given, 'git checkout' will
 also update `HEAD` to set the specified branch as the current
 branch.
 
@@ -79,13 +79,14 @@ be used to detach `HEAD` at the tip of the branch (`git checkout
 +
 Omitting `<branch>` detaches `HEAD` at the tip of the current branch.
 
-'git checkout' [<tree-ish>] [--] <pathspec>...::
+'git checkout' [-f|--ours|--theirs|-m|--conflict=<style>] [<tree-ish>] [--] <pathspec>...::
+'git checkout' [-f|--ours|--theirs|-m|--conflict=<style>] [<tree-ish>] --pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]::
 
-	Overwrite paths in the working tree by replacing with the
-	contents in the index or in the `<tree-ish>` (most often a
-	commit).  When a `<tree-ish>` is given, the paths that
-	match the `<pathspec>` are updated both in the index and in
-	the working tree.
+	Overwrite the contents of the files that match the pathspec.
+	When the `<tree-ish>` (most often a commit) is not given,
+	overwrite working tree with the contents in the index.
+	When the `<tree-ish>` is given, overwrite both the index and
+	the working tree with the contents at the `<tree-ish>`.
 +
 The index may contain unmerged entries because of a previous failed merge.
 By default, if you try to check out such an entry from the index, the
@@ -96,12 +97,10 @@ using `--ours` or `--theirs`.  With `-m`, changes made to the working tree
 file can be discarded to re-create the original conflicted merge result.
 
 'git checkout' (-p|--patch) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<pathspec>...]::
-	This is similar to the "check out paths to the working tree
-	from either the index or from a tree-ish" mode described
-	above, but lets you use the interactive interface to show
-	the "diff" output and choose which hunks to use in the
-	result.  See below for the description of `--patch` option.
-
+	This is similar to the previous mode, but lets you use the
+	interactive interface to show the "diff" output and choose which
+	hunks to use in the result.  See below for the description of
+	`--patch` option.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -309,6 +308,19 @@ Note that this option uses the no overlay mode by default (see also
 	working tree, but not in `<tree-ish>` are removed, to make them
 	match `<tree-ish>` exactly.
 
+--pathspec-from-file=<file>::
+	Pathspec is passed in `<file>` instead of commandline args. If
+	`<file>` is exactly `-` then standard input is used. Pathspec
+	elements are separated by LF or CR/LF. Pathspec elements can be
+	quoted as explained for the configuration variable `core.quotePath`
+	(see linkgit:git-config[1]). See also `--pathspec-file-nul` and
+	global `--literal-pathspecs`.
+
+--pathspec-file-nul::
+	Only meaningful with `--pathspec-from-file`. Pathspec elements are
+	separated with NUL character and all other characters are taken
+	literally (including newlines and quotes).
+
 <branch>::
 	Branch to checkout; if it refers to a branch (i.e., a name that,
 	when prepended with "refs/heads/", is a valid ref), then that
@@ -339,7 +351,13 @@ leave out at most one of `A` and `B`, in which case it defaults to `HEAD`.
 	Tree to checkout from (when paths are given). If not specified,
 	the index will be used.
 
+\--::
+	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
 
+<pathspec>...::
+	Limits the paths affected by the operation.
++
+For more details, see the 'pathspec' entry in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
 
 DETACHED HEAD
 -------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clean.txt b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
index 0028ff12d1..a7f309dff5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clean.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
@@ -26,18 +26,20 @@ are affected.
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -d::
-	Remove untracked directories in addition to untracked files.
-	If an untracked directory is managed by a different Git
-	repository, it is not removed by default.  Use -f option twice
-	if you really want to remove such a directory.
+	Normally, when no <path> is specified, git clean will not
+	recurse into untracked directories to avoid removing too much.
+	Specify -d to have it recurse into such directories as well.
+	If any paths are specified, -d is irrelevant; all untracked
+	files matching the specified paths (with exceptions for nested
+	git directories mentioned under `--force`) will be removed.
 
 -f::
 --force::
 	If the Git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set
 	to false, 'git clean' will refuse to delete files or directories
-	unless given -f, -n or -i. Git will refuse to delete directories
-	with .git sub directory or file unless a second -f
-	is given.
+	unless given -f or -i.  Git will refuse to modify untracked
+	nested git repositories (directories with a .git subdirectory)
+	unless a second -f is given.
 
 -i::
 --interactive::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
index 34011c2940..bf24f1813a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	  [--dissociate] [--separate-git-dir <git dir>]
 	  [--depth <depth>] [--[no-]single-branch] [--no-tags]
 	  [--recurse-submodules[=<pathspec>]] [--[no-]shallow-submodules]
-	  [--[no-]remote-submodules] [--jobs <n>] [--] <repository>
+	  [--[no-]remote-submodules] [--jobs <n>] [--sparse] [--] <repository>
 	  [<directory>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -156,6 +156,12 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 	used, neither remote-tracking branches nor the related
 	configuration variables are created.
 
+--sparse::
+	Initialize the sparse-checkout file so the working
+	directory starts with only the files in the root
+	of the repository. The sparse-checkout file can be
+	modified to grow the working directory as needed.
+
 --mirror::
 	Set up a mirror of the source repository.  This implies `--bare`.
 	Compared to `--bare`, `--mirror` not only maps local branches of the
@@ -262,9 +268,9 @@ or `--mirror` is given)
 	All submodules which are cloned will be shallow with a depth of 1.
 
 --[no-]remote-submodules::
-	All submodules which are cloned will use the status of the submodule’s
+	All submodules which are cloned will use the status of the submodule's
 	remote-tracking branch to update the submodule, rather than the
-	superproject’s recorded SHA-1. Equivalent to passing `--remote` to
+	superproject's recorded SHA-1. Equivalent to passing `--remote` to
 	`git submodule update`.
 
 --separate-git-dir=<git dir>::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt b/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt
index eb5e7865f0..28d1fee505 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt
@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@ git-commit-graph - Write and verify Git commit-graph files
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git commit-graph read' [--object-dir <dir>]
-'git commit-graph verify' [--object-dir <dir>] [--shallow]
-'git commit-graph write' <options> [--object-dir <dir>]
+'git commit-graph verify' [--object-dir <dir>] [--shallow] [--[no-]progress]
+'git commit-graph write' <options> [--object-dir <dir>] [--[no-]progress]
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -27,8 +26,14 @@ OPTIONS
 	file. This parameter exists to specify the location of an alternate
 	that only has the objects directory, not a full `.git` directory. The
 	commit-graph file is expected to be in the `<dir>/info` directory and
-	the packfiles are expected to be in `<dir>/pack`.
+	the packfiles are expected to be in `<dir>/pack`. If the directory
+	could not be made into an absolute path, or does not match any known
+	object directory, `git commit-graph ...` will exit with non-zero
+	status.
 
+--[no-]progress::
+	Turn progress on/off explicitly. If neither is specified, progress is
+	shown if standard error is connected to a terminal.
 
 COMMANDS
 --------
@@ -71,11 +76,6 @@ Finally, if `--expire-time=<datetime>` is not specified, let `datetime`
 be the current time. After writing the split commit-graph, delete all
 unused commit-graph whose modified times are older than `datetime`.
 
-'read'::
-
-Read the commit-graph file and output basic details about it.
-Used for debugging purposes.
-
 'verify'::
 
 Read the commit-graph file and verify its contents against the object
@@ -115,12 +115,6 @@ $ git show-ref -s | git commit-graph write --stdin-commits
 $ git rev-parse HEAD | git commit-graph write --stdin-commits --append
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-* Read basic information from the commit-graph file.
-+
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit-graph read
-------------------------------------------------
-
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
index 4b90b9c12a..ec15ee8d6f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ OPTIONS
 	Do not GPG-sign commit, to countermand a `--gpg-sign` option
 	given earlier on the command line.
 
-
 Commit Information
 ------------------
 
@@ -79,26 +78,6 @@ A commit encapsulates:
 - author name, email and date
 - committer name and email and the commit time.
 
-While parent object ids are provided on the command line, author and
-committer information is taken from the following environment variables,
-if set:
-
-	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
-	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
-	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
-	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
-	GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
-	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-
-(nb "<", ">" and "\n"s are stripped)
-
-In case (some of) these environment variables are not set, the information
-is taken from the configuration items user.name and user.email, or, if not
-present, the environment variable EMAIL, or, if that is not set,
-system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken
-from `/etc/mailname` and falling back to the fully qualified hostname when
-that file does not exist).
-
 A commit comment is read from stdin. If a changelog
 entry is not provided via "<" redirection, 'git commit-tree' will just wait
 for one to be entered and terminated with ^D.
@@ -117,6 +96,7 @@ FILES
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-write-tree[1]
+linkgit:git-commit[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
index 7628193284..13f653989f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	   [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author] [--allow-empty]
 	   [--allow-empty-message] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>]
 	   [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--[no-]status]
-	   [-i | -o] [-S[<keyid>]] [--] [<file>...]
+	   [-i | -o] [--pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]]
+	   [-S[<keyid>]] [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -278,22 +279,37 @@ FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1].)
 	already been staged. If used together with `--allow-empty`
 	paths are also not required, and an empty commit will be created.
 
+--pathspec-from-file=<file>::
+	Pathspec is passed in `<file>` instead of commandline args. If
+	`<file>` is exactly `-` then standard input is used. Pathspec
+	elements are separated by LF or CR/LF. Pathspec elements can be
+	quoted as explained for the configuration variable `core.quotePath`
+	(see linkgit:git-config[1]). See also `--pathspec-file-nul` and
+	global `--literal-pathspecs`.
+
+--pathspec-file-nul::
+	Only meaningful with `--pathspec-from-file`. Pathspec elements are
+	separated with NUL character and all other characters are taken
+	literally (including newlines and quotes).
+
 -u[<mode>]::
 --untracked-files[=<mode>]::
 	Show untracked files.
 +
+--
 The mode parameter is optional (defaults to 'all'), and is used to
 specify the handling of untracked files; when -u is not used, the
 default is 'normal', i.e. show untracked files and directories.
-+
+
 The possible options are:
-+
+
 	- 'no'     - Show no untracked files
 	- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories
 	- 'all'    - Also shows individual files in untracked directories.
-+
+
 The default can be changed using the status.showUntrackedFiles
 configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
+--
 
 -v::
 --verbose::
@@ -343,15 +359,13 @@ changes to tracked files.
 \--::
 	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
 
-<file>...::
-	When files are given on the command line, the command
-	commits the contents of the named files, without
-	recording the changes already staged.  The contents of
-	these files are also staged for the next commit on top
-	of what have been staged before.
-
-:git-commit: 1
-include::date-formats.txt[]
+<pathspec>...::
+	When pathspec is given on the command line, commit the contents of
+	the files that match the pathspec without recording the changes
+	already added to the index. The contents of these files are also
+	staged for the next commit on top of what have been staged before.
++
+For more details, see the 'pathspec' entry in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
@@ -446,6 +460,43 @@ alter the order the changes are committed, because the merge
 should be recorded as a single commit.  In fact, the command
 refuses to run when given pathnames (but see `-i` option).
 
+COMMIT INFORMATION
+------------------
+
+Author and committer information is taken from the following environment
+variables, if set:
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
+	GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+(nb "<", ">" and "\n"s are stripped)
+
+The author and committer names are by convention some form of a personal name
+(that is, the name by which other humans refer to you), although Git does not
+enforce or require any particular form. Arbitrary Unicode may be used, subject
+to the constraints listed above. This name has no effect on authentication; for
+that, see the `credential.username` variable in linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+In case (some of) these environment variables are not set, the information
+is taken from the configuration items `user.name` and `user.email`, or, if not
+present, the environment variable EMAIL, or, if that is not set,
+system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken
+from `/etc/mailname` and falling back to the fully qualified hostname when
+that file does not exist).
+
+The `author.name` and `committer.name` and their corresponding email options
+override `user.name` and `user.email` if set and are overridden themselves by
+the environment variables.
+
+The typical usage is to set just the `user.name` and `user.email` variables;
+the other options are provided for more complex use cases.
+
+:git-commit: 1
+include::date-formats.txt[]
 
 DISCUSSION
 ----------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt
index ff9310f958..7573160f21 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt
@@ -9,18 +9,18 @@ git-config - Get and set repository or global options
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [-z|--null] name [value [value_regex]]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [--show-scope] [-z|--null] name [value [value_regex]]
 'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] --add name value
 'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] --replace-all name value [value_regex]
-'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [-z|--null] --get name [value_regex]
-'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [-z|--null] --get-all name [value_regex]
-'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [-z|--null] [--name-only] --get-regexp name_regex [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [--show-scope] [-z|--null] --get name [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [--show-scope] [-z|--null] --get-all name [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [--show-origin] [--show-scope] [-z|--null] [--name-only] --get-regexp name_regex [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] [--type=<type>] [-z|--null] --get-urlmatch name URL
 'git config' [<file-option>] --unset name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] --unset-all name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] --rename-section old_name new_name
 'git config' [<file-option>] --remove-section name
-'git config' [<file-option>] [--show-origin] [-z|--null] [--name-only] -l | --list
+'git config' [<file-option>] [--show-origin] [--show-scope] [-z|--null] [--name-only] -l | --list
 'git config' [<file-option>] --get-color name [default]
 'git config' [<file-option>] --get-colorbool name [stdout-is-tty]
 'git config' [<file-option>] -e | --edit
@@ -222,6 +222,11 @@ Valid `<type>`'s include:
 	the actual origin (config file path, ref, or blob id if
 	applicable).
 
+--show-scope::
+	Similar to `--show-origin` in that it augments the output of
+	all queried config options with the scope of that value
+	(local, global, system, command).
+
 --get-colorbool name [stdout-is-tty]::
 
 	Find the color setting for `name` (e.g. `color.diff`) and output
@@ -339,33 +344,35 @@ EXAMPLES
 
 Given a .git/config like this:
 
-	#
-	# This is the config file, and
-	# a '#' or ';' character indicates
-	# a comment
-	#
-
-	; core variables
-	[core]
-		; Don't trust file modes
-		filemode = false
-
-	; Our diff algorithm
-	[diff]
-		external = /usr/local/bin/diff-wrapper
-		renames = true
-
-	; Proxy settings
-	[core]
-		gitproxy=proxy-command for kernel.org
-		gitproxy=default-proxy ; for all the rest
-
-	; HTTP
-	[http]
-		sslVerify
-	[http "https://weak.example.com"]
-		sslVerify = false
-		cookieFile = /tmp/cookie.txt
+------------
+#
+# This is the config file, and
+# a '#' or ';' character indicates
+# a comment
+#
+
+; core variables
+[core]
+	; Don't trust file modes
+	filemode = false
+
+; Our diff algorithm
+[diff]
+	external = /usr/local/bin/diff-wrapper
+	renames = true
+
+; Proxy settings
+[core]
+	gitproxy=proxy-command for kernel.org
+	gitproxy=default-proxy ; for all the rest
+
+; HTTP
+[http]
+	sslVerify
+[http "https://weak.example.com"]
+	sslVerify = false
+	cookieFile = /tmp/cookie.txt
+------------
 
 you can set the filemode to true with
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential.txt b/Documentation/git-credential.txt
index b211440373..6f0c7ca80f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential.txt
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ from system-specific helpers, as well as prompting the user for
 usernames and passwords. The git-credential command exposes this
 interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for
 credentials in the same manner as Git. The design of this scriptable
-interface models the internal C API; see
-link:technical/api-credentials.html[the Git credential API] for more
+interface models the internal C API; see credential.h for more
 background on the concepts.
 
 git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
index 79e22b1f3a..1b1c71ad9d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ In `dbDriver` and `dbUser` you can use the following variables:
 	Git directory name
 %g::
 	Git directory name, where all characters except for
-	alpha-numeric ones, `.`, and `-` are replaced with
+	alphanumeric ones, `.`, and `-` are replaced with
 	`_` (this should make it easier to use the directory
 	name in a filename if wanted)
 %m::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
index 72179d993c..37781cf175 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-diff.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk.
 	running the command in a working tree controlled by Git and
 	at least one of the paths points outside the working tree,
 	or when running the command outside a working tree
-	controlled by Git.
+	controlled by Git. This form implies `--exit-code`.
 
 'git diff' [<options>] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]::
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
index cc940eb9ad..e8950de3ba 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ This program dumps the given revisions in a form suitable to be piped
 into 'git fast-import'.
 
 You can use it as a human-readable bundle replacement (see
-linkgit:git-bundle[1]), or as a kind of an interactive
-'git filter-branch'.
-
+linkgit:git-bundle[1]), or as a format that can be edited before being
+fed to 'git fast-import' in order to do history rewrites (an ability
+relied on by tools like 'git filter-repo').
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -75,11 +75,20 @@ produced incorrect results if you gave these options.
 	Before processing any input, load the marks specified in
 	<file>.  The input file must exist, must be readable, and
 	must use the same format as produced by --export-marks.
+
+--mark-tags::
+	In addition to labelling blobs and commits with mark ids, also
+	label tags.  This is useful in conjunction with
+	`--export-marks` and `--import-marks`, and is also useful (and
+	necessary) for exporting of nested tags.  It does not hurt
+	other cases and would be the default, but many fast-import
+	frontends are not prepared to accept tags with mark
+	identifiers.
 +
-Any commits that have already been marked will not be exported again.
-If the backend uses a similar --import-marks file, this allows for
-incremental bidirectional exporting of the repository by keeping the
-marks the same across runs.
+Any commits (or tags) that have already been marked will not be
+exported again.  If the backend uses a similar --import-marks file,
+this allows for incremental bidirectional exporting of the repository
+by keeping the marks the same across runs.
 
 --fake-missing-tagger::
 	Some old repositories have tags without a tagger.  The
@@ -133,7 +142,7 @@ marks the same across runs.
 	Specify how to handle `encoding` header in commit objects.  When
 	asking to 'abort' (which is the default), this program will die
 	when encountering such a commit object.  With 'yes', the commit
-	message will be reencoded into UTF-8.  With 'no', the original
+	message will be re-encoded into UTF-8.  With 'no', the original
 	encoding will be preserved.
 
 --refspec::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
index fad327aecc..7889f95940 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
@@ -51,6 +51,21 @@ OPTIONS
 	memory used by fast-import during this run.  Showing this output
 	is currently the default, but can be disabled with --quiet.
 
+--allow-unsafe-features::
+	Many command-line options can be provided as part of the
+	fast-import stream itself by using the `feature` or `option`
+	commands. However, some of these options are unsafe (e.g.,
+	allowing fast-import to access the filesystem outside of the
+	repository). These options are disabled by default, but can be
+	allowed by providing this option on the command line.  This
+	currently impacts only the `export-marks`, `import-marks`, and
+	`import-marks-if-exists` feature commands.
++
+	Only enable this option if you trust the program generating the
+	fast-import stream! This option is enabled automatically for
+	remote-helpers that use the `import` capability, as they are
+	already trusted to run their own code.
+
 Options for Frontends
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -337,6 +352,13 @@ and control the current import process.  More detailed discussion
 	`commit` command.  This command is optional and is not
 	needed to perform an import.
 
+`alias`::
+	Record that a mark refers to a given object without first
+	creating any new object.  Using --import-marks and referring
+	to missing marks will cause fast-import to fail, so aliases
+	can provide a way to set otherwise pruned commits to a valid
+	value (e.g. the nearest non-pruned ancestor).
+
 `checkpoint`::
 	Forces fast-import to close the current packfile, generate its
 	unique SHA-1 checksum and index, and start a new packfile.
@@ -391,7 +413,7 @@ change to the project.
 	('encoding' SP <encoding>)?
 	data
 	('from' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
-	('merge' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
+	('merge' SP <commit-ish> LF)*
 	(filemodify | filedelete | filecopy | filerename | filedeleteall | notemodify)*
 	LF?
 ....
@@ -774,6 +796,7 @@ lightweight (non-annotated) tags see the `reset` command below.
 
 ....
 	'tag' SP <name> LF
+	mark?
 	'from' SP <commit-ish> LF
 	original-oid?
 	'tagger' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
@@ -913,6 +936,21 @@ a data chunk which does not have an LF as its last byte.
 +
 The `LF` after `<delim> LF` is optional (it used to be required).
 
+`alias`
+~~~~~~~
+Record that a mark refers to a given object without first creating any
+new object.
+
+....
+	'alias' LF
+	mark
+	'to' SP <commit-ish> LF
+	LF?
+....
+
+For a detailed description of `<commit-ish>` see above under `from`.
+
+
 `checkpoint`
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Forces fast-import to close the current packfile, start a new one, and to
diff --git a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
index 6b53dd7e06..40ba4aa3e6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
@@ -16,6 +16,19 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	[--original <namespace>] [-d <directory>] [-f | --force]
 	[--state-branch <branch>] [--] [<rev-list options>...]
 
+WARNING
+-------
+'git filter-branch' has a plethora of pitfalls that can produce non-obvious
+manglings of the intended history rewrite (and can leave you with little
+time to investigate such problems since it has such abysmal performance).
+These safety and performance issues cannot be backward compatibly fixed and
+as such, its use is not recommended.  Please use an alternative history
+filtering tool such as https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo/[git
+filter-repo].  If you still need to use 'git filter-branch', please
+carefully read <<SAFETY>> (and <<PERFORMANCE>>) to learn about the land
+mines of filter-branch, and then vigilantly avoid as many of the hazards
+listed there as reasonably possible.
+
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Lets you rewrite Git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned
@@ -445,36 +458,245 @@ warned.
   (or if your git-gc is not new enough to support arguments to
   `--prune`, use `git repack -ad; git prune` instead).
 
-NOTES
------
-
-git-filter-branch allows you to make complex shell-scripted rewrites
-of your Git history, but you probably don't need this flexibility if
-you're simply _removing unwanted data_ like large files or passwords.
-For those operations you may want to consider
-http://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/[The BFG Repo-Cleaner],
-a JVM-based alternative to git-filter-branch, typically at least
-10-50x faster for those use-cases, and with quite different
-characteristics:
-
-* Any particular version of a file is cleaned exactly _once_. The BFG,
-  unlike git-filter-branch, does not give you the opportunity to
-  handle a file differently based on where or when it was committed
-  within your history. This constraint gives the core performance
-  benefit of The BFG, and is well-suited to the task of cleansing bad
-  data - you don't care _where_ the bad data is, you just want it
-  _gone_.
-
-* By default The BFG takes full advantage of multi-core machines,
-  cleansing commit file-trees in parallel. git-filter-branch cleans
-  commits sequentially (i.e. in a single-threaded manner), though it
-  _is_ possible to write filters that include their own parallelism,
-  in the scripts executed against each commit.
-
-* The http://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/#examples[command options]
-  are much more restrictive than git-filter branch, and dedicated just
-  to the tasks of removing unwanted data- e.g:
-  `--strip-blobs-bigger-than 1M`.
+[[PERFORMANCE]]
+PERFORMANCE
+-----------
+
+The performance of git-filter-branch is glacially slow; its design makes it
+impossible for a backward-compatible implementation to ever be fast:
+
+* In editing files, git-filter-branch by design checks out each and
+  every commit as it existed in the original repo.  If your repo has
+  `10^5` files and `10^5` commits, but each commit only modifies five
+  files, then git-filter-branch will make you do `10^10` modifications,
+  despite only having (at most) `5*10^5` unique blobs.
+
+* If you try and cheat and try to make git-filter-branch only work on
+  files modified in a commit, then two things happen
+
+  ** you run into problems with deletions whenever the user is simply
+     trying to rename files (because attempting to delete files that
+     don't exist looks like a no-op; it takes some chicanery to remap
+     deletes across file renames when the renames happen via arbitrary
+     user-provided shell)
+
+  ** even if you succeed at the map-deletes-for-renames chicanery, you
+     still technically violate backward compatibility because users
+     are allowed to filter files in ways that depend upon topology of
+     commits instead of filtering solely based on file contents or
+     names (though this has not been observed in the wild).
+
+* Even if you don't need to edit files but only want to e.g. rename or
+  remove some and thus can avoid checking out each file (i.e. you can
+  use --index-filter), you still are passing shell snippets for your
+  filters.  This means that for every commit, you have to have a
+  prepared git repo where those filters can be run.  That's a
+  significant setup.
+
+* Further, several additional files are created or updated per commit
+  by git-filter-branch.  Some of these are for supporting the
+  convenience functions provided by git-filter-branch (such as map()),
+  while others are for keeping track of internal state (but could have
+  also been accessed by user filters; one of git-filter-branch's
+  regression tests does so).  This essentially amounts to using the
+  filesystem as an IPC mechanism between git-filter-branch and the
+  user-provided filters.  Disks tend to be a slow IPC mechanism, and
+  writing these files also effectively represents a forced
+  synchronization point between separate processes that we hit with
+  every commit.
+
+* The user-provided shell commands will likely involve a pipeline of
+  commands, resulting in the creation of many processes per commit.
+  Creating and running another process takes a widely varying amount
+  of time between operating systems, but on any platform it is very
+  slow relative to invoking a function.
+
+* git-filter-branch itself is written in shell, which is kind of slow.
+  This is the one performance issue that could be backward-compatibly
+  fixed, but compared to the above problems that are intrinsic to the
+  design of git-filter-branch, the language of the tool itself is a
+  relatively minor issue.
+
+  ** Side note: Unfortunately, people tend to fixate on the
+     written-in-shell aspect and periodically ask if git-filter-branch
+     could be rewritten in another language to fix the performance
+     issues.  Not only does that ignore the bigger intrinsic problems
+     with the design, it'd help less than you'd expect: if
+     git-filter-branch itself were not shell, then the convenience
+     functions (map(), skip_commit(), etc) and the `--setup` argument
+     could no longer be executed once at the beginning of the program
+     but would instead need to be prepended to every user filter (and
+     thus re-executed with every commit).
+
+The https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo/[git filter-repo] tool is
+an alternative to git-filter-branch which does not suffer from these
+performance problems or the safety problems (mentioned below). For those
+with existing tooling which relies upon git-filter-branch, 'git
+repo-filter' also provides
+https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo/blob/master/contrib/filter-repo-demos/filter-lamely[filter-lamely],
+a drop-in git-filter-branch replacement (with a few caveats).  While
+filter-lamely suffers from all the same safety issues as
+git-filter-branch, it at least ameliorates the performance issues a
+little.
+
+[[SAFETY]]
+SAFETY
+------
+
+git-filter-branch is riddled with gotchas resulting in various ways to
+easily corrupt repos or end up with a mess worse than what you started
+with:
+
+* Someone can have a set of "working and tested filters" which they
+  document or provide to a coworker, who then runs them on a different
+  OS where the same commands are not working/tested (some examples in
+  the git-filter-branch manpage are also affected by this).
+  BSD vs. GNU userland differences can really bite.  If lucky, error
+  messages are spewed.  But just as likely, the commands either don't
+  do the filtering requested, or silently corrupt by making some
+  unwanted change.  The unwanted change may only affect a few commits,
+  so it's not necessarily obvious either.  (The fact that problems
+  won't necessarily be obvious means they are likely to go unnoticed
+  until the rewritten history is in use for quite a while, at which
+  point it's really hard to justify another flag-day for another
+  rewrite.)
+
+* Filenames with spaces are often mishandled by shell snippets since
+  they cause problems for shell pipelines.  Not everyone is familiar
+  with find -print0, xargs -0, git-ls-files -z, etc.  Even people who
+  are familiar with these may assume such flags are not relevant
+  because someone else renamed any such files in their repo back
+  before the person doing the filtering joined the project.  And
+  often, even those familiar with handling arguments with spaces may
+  not do so just because they aren't in the mindset of thinking about
+  everything that could possibly go wrong.
+
+* Non-ascii filenames can be silently removed despite being in a
+  desired directory.  Keeping only wanted paths is often done using
+  pipelines like `git ls-files | grep -v ^WANTED_DIR/ | xargs git rm`.
+  ls-files will only quote filenames if needed, so folks may not
+  notice that one of the files didn't match the regex (at least not
+  until it's much too late).  Yes, someone who knows about
+  core.quotePath can avoid this (unless they have other special
+  characters like \t, \n, or "), and people who use ls-files -z with
+  something other than grep can avoid this, but that doesn't mean they
+  will.
+
+* Similarly, when moving files around, one can find that filenames
+  with non-ascii or special characters end up in a different
+  directory, one that includes a double quote character.  (This is
+  technically the same issue as above with quoting, but perhaps an
+  interesting different way that it can and has manifested as a
+  problem.)
+
+* It's far too easy to accidentally mix up old and new history.  It's
+  still possible with any tool, but git-filter-branch almost
+  invites it.  If lucky, the only downside is users getting frustrated
+  that they don't know how to shrink their repo and remove the old
+  stuff.  If unlucky, they merge old and new history and end up with
+  multiple "copies" of each commit, some of which have unwanted or
+  sensitive files and others which don't.  This comes about in
+  multiple different ways:
+
+  ** the default to only doing a partial history rewrite ('--all' is not
+     the default and few examples show it)
+
+  ** the fact that there's no automatic post-run cleanup
+
+  ** the fact that --tag-name-filter (when used to rename tags) doesn't
+     remove the old tags but just adds new ones with the new name
+
+  ** the fact that little educational information is provided to inform
+     users of the ramifications of a rewrite and how to avoid mixing old
+     and new history.  For example, this man page discusses how users
+     need to understand that they need to rebase their changes for all
+     their branches on top of new history (or delete and reclone), but
+     that's only one of multiple concerns to consider.  See the
+     "DISCUSSION" section of the git filter-repo manual page for more
+     details.
+
+* Annotated tags can be accidentally converted to lightweight tags,
+  due to either of two issues:
+
+  ** Someone can do a history rewrite, realize they messed up, restore
+     from the backups in refs/original/, and then redo their
+     git-filter-branch command.  (The backup in refs/original/ is not a
+     real backup; it dereferences tags first.)
+
+  ** Running git-filter-branch with either --tags or --all in your
+     <rev-list options>.  In order to retain annotated tags as
+     annotated, you must use --tag-name-filter (and must not have
+     restored from refs/original/ in a previously botched rewrite).
+
+* Any commit messages that specify an encoding will become corrupted
+  by the rewrite; git-filter-branch ignores the encoding, takes the
+  original bytes, and feeds it to commit-tree without telling it the
+  proper encoding.  (This happens whether or not --msg-filter is
+  used.)
+
+* Commit messages (even if they are all UTF-8) by default become
+  corrupted due to not being updated -- any references to other commit
+  hashes in commit messages will now refer to no-longer-extant
+  commits.
+
+* There are no facilities for helping users find what unwanted crud
+  they should delete, which means they are much more likely to have
+  incomplete or partial cleanups that sometimes result in confusion
+  and people wasting time trying to understand.  (For example, folks
+  tend to just look for big files to delete instead of big directories
+  or extensions, and once they do so, then sometime later folks using
+  the new repository who are going through history will notice a build
+  artifact directory that has some files but not others, or a cache of
+  dependencies (node_modules or similar) which couldn't have ever been
+  functional since it's missing some files.)
+
+* If --prune-empty isn't specified, then the filtering process can
+  create hoards of confusing empty commits
+
+* If --prune-empty is specified, then intentionally placed empty
+  commits from before the filtering operation are also pruned instead
+  of just pruning commits that became empty due to filtering rules.
+
+* If --prune-empty is specified, sometimes empty commits are missed
+  and left around anyway (a somewhat rare bug, but it happens...)
+
+* A minor issue, but users who have a goal to update all names and
+  emails in a repository may be led to --env-filter which will only
+  update authors and committers, missing taggers.
+
+* If the user provides a --tag-name-filter that maps multiple tags to
+  the same name, no warning or error is provided; git-filter-branch
+  simply overwrites each tag in some undocumented pre-defined order
+  resulting in only one tag at the end.  (A git-filter-branch
+  regression test requires this surprising behavior.)
+
+Also, the poor performance of git-filter-branch often leads to safety
+issues:
+
+* Coming up with the correct shell snippet to do the filtering you
+  want is sometimes difficult unless you're just doing a trivial
+  modification such as deleting a couple files.  Unfortunately, people
+  often learn if the snippet is right or wrong by trying it out, but
+  the rightness or wrongness can vary depending on special
+  circumstances (spaces in filenames, non-ascii filenames, funny
+  author names or emails, invalid timezones, presence of grafts or
+  replace objects, etc.), meaning they may have to wait a long time,
+  hit an error, then restart.  The performance of git-filter-branch is
+  so bad that this cycle is painful, reducing the time available to
+  carefully re-check (to say nothing about what it does to the
+  patience of the person doing the rewrite even if they do technically
+  have more time available).  This problem is extra compounded because
+  errors from broken filters may not be shown for a long time and/or
+  get lost in a sea of output.  Even worse, broken filters often just
+  result in silent incorrect rewrites.
+
+* To top it all off, even when users finally find working commands,
+  they naturally want to share them.  But they may be unaware that
+  their repo didn't have some special cases that someone else's does.
+  So, when someone else with a different repository runs the same
+  commands, they get hit by the problems above.  Or, the user just
+  runs commands that really were vetted for special cases, but they
+  run it on a different OS where it doesn't work, as noted above.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
index b9b97e63ae..0d4f8951bb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@ SYNOPSIS
 		   [--signature-file=<file>]
 		   [-n | --numbered | -N | --no-numbered]
 		   [--start-number <n>] [--numbered-files]
-		   [--in-reply-to=Message-Id] [--suffix=.<sfx>]
+		   [--in-reply-to=<message id>] [--suffix=.<sfx>]
 		   [--ignore-if-in-upstream]
-		   [--rfc] [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix]
+		   [--cover-from-description=<mode>]
+		   [--rfc] [--subject-prefix=<subject prefix>]
 		   [(--reroll-count|-v) <n>]
 		   [--to=<email>] [--cc=<email>]
 		   [--[no-]cover-letter] [--quiet]
@@ -66,7 +67,8 @@ they are created in the current working directory. The default path
 can be set with the `format.outputDirectory` configuration option.
 The `-o` option takes precedence over `format.outputDirectory`.
 To store patches in the current working directory even when
-`format.outputDirectory` points elsewhere, use `-o .`.
+`format.outputDirectory` points elsewhere, use `-o .`. All directory
+components will be created.
 
 By default, the subject of a single patch is "[PATCH] " followed by
 the concatenation of lines from the commit message up to the first blank
@@ -159,9 +161,9 @@ Beware that the default for 'git send-email' is to thread emails
 itself.  If you want `git format-patch` to take care of threading, you
 will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
 
---in-reply-to=Message-Id::
+--in-reply-to=<message id>::
 	Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a
-	reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
+	reply to the given <message id>, which avoids breaking threads to
 	provide a new patch series.
 
 --ignore-if-in-upstream::
@@ -171,9 +173,29 @@ will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
 	patches being generated, and any patch that matches is
 	ignored.
 
---subject-prefix=<Subject-Prefix>::
+--cover-from-description=<mode>::
+	Controls which parts of the cover letter will be automatically
+	populated using the branch's description.
++
+If `<mode>` is `message` or `default`, the cover letter subject will be
+populated with placeholder text. The body of the cover letter will be
+populated with the branch's description. This is the default mode when
+no configuration nor command line option is specified.
++
+If `<mode>` is `subject`, the first paragraph of the branch description will
+populate the cover letter subject. The remainder of the description will
+populate the body of the cover letter.
++
+If `<mode>` is `auto`, if the first paragraph of the branch description
+is greater than 100 bytes, then the mode will be `message`, otherwise
+`subject` will be used.
++
+If `<mode>` is `none`, both the cover letter subject and body will be
+populated with placeholder text.
+
+--subject-prefix=<subject prefix>::
 	Instead of the standard '[PATCH]' prefix in the subject
-	line, instead use '[<Subject-Prefix>]'. This
+	line, instead use '[<subject prefix>]'. This
 	allows for useful naming of a patch series, and can be
 	combined with the `--numbered` option.
 
@@ -311,10 +333,12 @@ you can use `--suffix=-patch` to get `0001-description-of-my-change-patch`.
   Output an all-zero hash in each patch's From header instead
   of the hash of the commit.
 
---base=<commit>::
+--[no-]base[=<commit>]::
 	Record the base tree information to identify the state the
 	patch series applies to.  See the BASE TREE INFORMATION section
-	below for details.
+	below for details. If <commit> is "auto", a base commit is
+	automatically chosen. The `--no-base` option overrides a
+	`format.useAutoBase` configuration.
 
 --root::
 	Treat the revision argument as a <revision range>, even if it
@@ -330,8 +354,9 @@ CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 You can specify extra mail header lines to be added to each message,
 defaults for the subject prefix and file suffix, number patches when
-outputting more than one patch, add "To" or "Cc:" headers, configure
-attachments, and sign off patches with configuration variables.
+outputting more than one patch, add "To:" or "Cc:" headers, configure
+attachments, change the patch output directory, and sign off patches
+with configuration variables.
 
 ------------
 [format]
@@ -343,7 +368,9 @@ attachments, and sign off patches with configuration variables.
 	cc = <email>
 	attach [ = mime-boundary-string ]
 	signOff = true
-	coverletter = auto
+	outputDirectory = <directory>
+	coverLetter = auto
+	coverFromDescription = auto
 ------------
 
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-gc.txt b/Documentation/git-gc.txt
index 247f765604..0c114ad1ca 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-gc.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-gc.txt
@@ -115,15 +115,14 @@ NOTES
 -----
 
 'git gc' tries very hard not to delete objects that are referenced
-anywhere in your repository. In
-particular, it will keep not only objects referenced by your current set
-of branches and tags, but also objects referenced by the index,
-remote-tracking branches, refs saved by 'git filter-branch' in
-refs/original/, reflogs (which may reference commits in branches
-that were later amended or rewound), and anything else in the refs/* namespace.
-If you are expecting some objects to be deleted and they aren't, check
-all of those locations and decide whether it makes sense in your case to
-remove those references.
+anywhere in your repository. In particular, it will keep not only
+objects referenced by your current set of branches and tags, but also
+objects referenced by the index, remote-tracking branches, notes saved
+by 'git notes' under refs/notes/, reflogs (which may reference commits
+in branches that were later amended or rewound), and anything else in
+the refs/* namespace.  If you are expecting some objects to be deleted
+and they aren't, check all of those locations and decide whether it
+makes sense in your case to remove those references.
 
 On the other hand, when 'git gc' runs concurrently with another process,
 there is a risk of it deleting an object that the other process is using
diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
index 2d27969057..ddb6acc025 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-grep.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ grep.extendedRegexp::
 	other than 'default'.
 
 grep.threads::
-	Number of grep worker threads to use.  If unset (or set to 0),
-	8 threads are used by default (for now).
+	Number of grep worker threads to use. If unset (or set to 0), Git will
+	use as many threads as the number of logical cores available.
 
 grep.fullName::
 	If set to true, enable `--full-name` option by default.
@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ OPTIONS
 	Recursively search in each submodule that has been initialized and
 	checked out in the repository.  When used in combination with the
 	<tree> option the prefix of all submodule output will be the name of
-	the parent project's <tree> object.
+	the parent project's <tree> object. This option has no effect
+	if `--no-index` is given.
 
 -a::
 --text::
@@ -271,6 +272,23 @@ providing this option will cause it to die.
 
 -f <file>::
 	Read patterns from <file>, one per line.
++
+Passing the pattern via <file> allows for providing a search pattern
+containing a \0.
++
+Not all pattern types support patterns containing \0. Git will error
+out if a given pattern type can't support such a pattern. The
+`--perl-regexp` pattern type when compiled against the PCRE v2 backend
+has the widest support for these types of patterns.
++
+In versions of Git before 2.23.0 patterns containing \0 would be
+silently considered fixed. This was never documented, there were also
+odd and undocumented interactions between e.g. non-ASCII patterns
+containing \0 and `--ignore-case`.
++
+In future versions we may learn to support patterns containing \0 for
+more search backends, until then we'll die when the pattern type in
+question doesn't support them.
 
 -e::
 	The next parameter is the pattern. This option has to be
@@ -330,6 +348,17 @@ EXAMPLES
 `git grep solution -- :^Documentation`::
 	Looks for `solution`, excluding files in `Documentation`.
 
+NOTES ON THREADS
+----------------
+
+The `--threads` option (and the grep.threads configuration) will be ignored when
+`--open-files-in-pager` is used, forcing a single-threaded execution.
+
+When grepping the object store (with `--cached` or giving tree objects), running
+with multiple threads might perform slower than single threaded if `--textconv`
+is given and there're too many text conversions. So if you experience low
+performance in this case, it might be desirable to use `--threads=1`.
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-gui.txt b/Documentation/git-gui.txt
index 5f93f8003d..c9d7e96214 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-gui.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-gui.txt
@@ -112,15 +112,9 @@ Other
 versions are distributed as part of the Git suite for the convenience
 of end users.
 
-A 'git gui' development repository can be obtained from:
+The official repository of the 'git gui' project can be found at:
 
-  git clone git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git
-
-or
-
-  git clone http://repo.or.cz/r/git-gui.git
-
-or browsed online at http://repo.or.cz/w/git-gui.git/[].
+  https://github.com/prati0100/git-gui.git/
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt
index b406bc4c48..bed09bb09e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-log.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt
@@ -76,8 +76,12 @@ produced by `--stat`, etc.
 	(or the function name regex <funcname>) within the <file>.  You may
 	not give any pathspec limiters.  This is currently limited to
 	a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
-	give zero or one positive revision arguments.
-	You can specify this option more than once.
+	give zero or one positive revision arguments, and
+	<start> and <end> (or <funcname>) must exist in the starting revision.
+	You can specify this option more than once. Implies `--patch`.
+	Patch output can be suppressed using `--no-patch`, but other diff formats
+	(namely `--raw`, `--numstat`, `--shortstat`, `--dirstat`, `--summary`,
+	`--name-only`, `--name-status`, `--check`) are not currently implemented.
 +
 include::line-range-format.txt[]
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
index 0b057cbb10..0a5c8b7d49 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@ OPTIONS
 	Limit to only refs/heads and refs/tags, respectively.
 	These options are _not_ mutually exclusive; when given
 	both, references stored in refs/heads and refs/tags are
-	displayed.
+	displayed.  Note that `git ls-remote -h` used without
+	anything else on the command line gives help, consistent
+	with other git subcommands.
 
 --refs::
 	Do not show peeled tags or pseudorefs like `HEAD` in the output.
@@ -92,21 +94,23 @@ OPTIONS
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
-	$ git ls-remote --tags ./.
-	d6602ec5194c87b0fc87103ca4d67251c76f233a	refs/tags/v0.99
-	f25a265a342aed6041ab0cc484224d9ca54b6f41	refs/tags/v0.99.1
-	7ceca275d047c90c0c7d5afb13ab97efdf51bd6e	refs/tags/v0.99.3
-	c5db5456ae3b0873fc659c19fafdde22313cc441	refs/tags/v0.99.2
-	0918385dbd9656cab0d1d81ba7453d49bbc16250	refs/tags/junio-gpg-pub
-	$ git ls-remote http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git master pu rc
-	5fe978a5381f1fbad26a80e682ddd2a401966740	refs/heads/master
-	c781a84b5204fb294c9ccc79f8b3baceeb32c061	refs/heads/pu
-	$ git remote add korg http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
-	$ git ls-remote --tags korg v\*
-	d6602ec5194c87b0fc87103ca4d67251c76f233a	refs/tags/v0.99
-	f25a265a342aed6041ab0cc484224d9ca54b6f41	refs/tags/v0.99.1
-	c5db5456ae3b0873fc659c19fafdde22313cc441	refs/tags/v0.99.2
-	7ceca275d047c90c0c7d5afb13ab97efdf51bd6e	refs/tags/v0.99.3
+----
+$ git ls-remote --tags ./.
+d6602ec5194c87b0fc87103ca4d67251c76f233a	refs/tags/v0.99
+f25a265a342aed6041ab0cc484224d9ca54b6f41	refs/tags/v0.99.1
+7ceca275d047c90c0c7d5afb13ab97efdf51bd6e	refs/tags/v0.99.3
+c5db5456ae3b0873fc659c19fafdde22313cc441	refs/tags/v0.99.2
+0918385dbd9656cab0d1d81ba7453d49bbc16250	refs/tags/junio-gpg-pub
+$ git ls-remote http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git master pu rc
+5fe978a5381f1fbad26a80e682ddd2a401966740	refs/heads/master
+c781a84b5204fb294c9ccc79f8b3baceeb32c061	refs/heads/pu
+$ git remote add korg http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
+$ git ls-remote --tags korg v\*
+d6602ec5194c87b0fc87103ca4d67251c76f233a	refs/tags/v0.99
+f25a265a342aed6041ab0cc484224d9ca54b6f41	refs/tags/v0.99.1
+c5db5456ae3b0873fc659c19fafdde22313cc441	refs/tags/v0.99.2
+7ceca275d047c90c0c7d5afb13ab97efdf51bd6e	refs/tags/v0.99.3
+----
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
index 261d5c1164..2d944e0851 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
@@ -80,9 +80,11 @@ which is reachable from both 'A' and 'B' through the parent relationship.
 
 For example, with this topology:
 
-	         o---o---o---B
-	        /
-	---o---1---o---o---o---A
+....
+	 o---o---o---B
+	/
+---o---1---o---o---o---A
+....
 
 the merge base between 'A' and 'B' is '1'.
 
@@ -90,21 +92,25 @@ Given three commits 'A', 'B' and 'C', `git merge-base A B C` will compute the
 merge base between 'A' and a hypothetical commit 'M', which is a merge
 between 'B' and 'C'.  For example, with this topology:
 
-	       o---o---o---o---C
-	      /
-	     /   o---o---o---B
-	    /   /
-	---2---1---o---o---o---A
+....
+       o---o---o---o---C
+      /
+     /   o---o---o---B
+    /   /
+---2---1---o---o---o---A
+....
 
 the result of `git merge-base A B C` is '1'.  This is because the
 equivalent topology with a merge commit 'M' between 'B' and 'C' is:
 
 
-	       o---o---o---o---o
-	      /                 \
-	     /   o---o---o---o---M
-	    /   /
-	---2---1---o---o---o---A
+....
+       o---o---o---o---o
+      /                 \
+     /   o---o---o---o---M
+    /   /
+---2---1---o---o---o---A
+....
 
 and the result of `git merge-base A M` is '1'.  Commit '2' is also a
 common ancestor between 'A' and 'M', but '1' is a better common ancestor,
@@ -116,11 +122,13 @@ the best common ancestor of all commits.
 When the history involves criss-cross merges, there can be more than one
 'best' common ancestor for two commits.  For example, with this topology:
 
-	---1---o---A
-	    \ /
-	     X
-	    / \
-	---2---o---o---B
+....
+---1---o---A
+    \ /
+     X
+    / \
+---2---o---o---B
+....
 
 both '1' and '2' are merge-bases of A and B.  Neither one is better than
 the other (both are 'best' merge bases).  When the `--all` option is not given,
@@ -131,18 +139,22 @@ and B is (or at least used to be) to compute the merge base between
 A and B, and check if it is the same as A, in which case, A is an
 ancestor of B.  You will see this idiom used often in older scripts.
 
-	A=$(git rev-parse --verify A)
-	if test "$A" = "$(git merge-base A B)"
-	then
-		... A is an ancestor of B ...
-	fi
+....
+A=$(git rev-parse --verify A)
+if test "$A" = "$(git merge-base A B)"
+then
+	... A is an ancestor of B ...
+fi
+....
 
 In modern git, you can say this in a more direct way:
 
-	if git merge-base --is-ancestor A B
-	then
-		... A is an ancestor of B ...
-	fi
+....
+if git merge-base --is-ancestor A B
+then
+	... A is an ancestor of B ...
+fi
+....
 
 instead.
 
@@ -154,13 +166,15 @@ topic origin/master`, the history of remote-tracking branch
 `origin/master` may have been rewound and rebuilt, leading to a
 history of this shape:
 
-	                 o---B2
-	                /
-	---o---o---B1--o---o---o---B (origin/master)
-	        \
-	         B0
-	          \
-	           D0---D1---D (topic)
+....
+		 o---B2
+		/
+---o---o---B1--o---o---o---B (origin/master)
+	\
+	 B0
+	  \
+	   D0---D1---D (topic)
+....
 
 where `origin/master` used to point at commits B0, B1, B2 and now it
 points at B, and your `topic` branch was started on top of it back
@@ -193,13 +207,15 @@ will find B0, and
 will replay D0, D1 and D on top of B to create a new history of this
 shape:
 
-			 o---B2
-			/
-	---o---o---B1--o---o---o---B (origin/master)
-		\                   \
-		 B0                  D0'--D1'--D' (topic - updated)
-		  \
-		   D0---D1---D (topic - old)
+....
+		 o---B2
+		/
+---o---o---B1--o---o---o---B (origin/master)
+	\                   \
+	 B0                  D0'--D1'--D' (topic - updated)
+	  \
+	   D0---D1---D (topic - old)
+....
 
 A caveat is that older reflog entries in your repository may be
 expired by `git gc`.  If B0 no longer appears in the reflog of the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
index 02676fb391..2ab84a91e5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
@@ -54,20 +54,24 @@ original is first. But the argument order to the 3-way merge program
 
 Examples:
 
-  torvalds@ppc970:~/merge-test> git merge-index cat MM
-  This is MM from the original tree.			# original
-  This is modified MM in the branch A.			# merge1
-  This is modified MM in the branch B.			# merge2
-  This is modified MM in the branch B.			# current contents
+----
+torvalds@ppc970:~/merge-test> git merge-index cat MM
+This is MM from the original tree.		# original
+This is modified MM in the branch A.		# merge1
+This is modified MM in the branch B.		# merge2
+This is modified MM in the branch B.		# current contents
+----
 
 or
 
-  torvalds@ppc970:~/merge-test> git merge-index cat AA MM
-  cat: : No such file or directory
-  This is added AA in the branch A.
-  This is added AA in the branch B.
-  This is added AA in the branch B.
-  fatal: merge program failed
+----
+torvalds@ppc970:~/merge-test> git merge-index cat AA MM
+cat: : No such file or directory
+This is added AA in the branch A.
+This is added AA in the branch B.
+This is added AA in the branch B.
+fatal: merge program failed
+----
 
 where the latter example shows how 'git merge-index' will stop trying to
 merge once anything has returned an error (i.e., `cat` returned an error
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
index 01fd52dc70..092529c619 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git merge' [-n] [--stat] [--no-commit] [--squash] [--[no-]edit]
-	[-s <strategy>] [-X <strategy-option>] [-S[<keyid>]]
+	[--no-verify] [-s <strategy>] [-X <strategy-option>] [-S[<keyid>]]
 	[--[no-]allow-unrelated-histories]
 	[--[no-]rerere-autoupdate] [-m <msg>] [-F <file>] [<commit>...]
 'git merge' (--continue | --abort | --quit)
diff --git a/Documentation/git-multi-pack-index.txt b/Documentation/git-multi-pack-index.txt
index 233b2b7862..642d9ac5b7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-multi-pack-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-multi-pack-index.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-multi-pack-index - Write and verify multi-pack-indexes
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git multi-pack-index' [--object-dir=<dir>] <subcommand>
+'git multi-pack-index' [--object-dir=<dir>] [--[no-]progress] <subcommand>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ OPTIONS
 	`<dir>/packs/multi-pack-index` for the current MIDX file, and
 	`<dir>/packs` for the pack-files to index.
 
+--[no-]progress::
+	Turn progress on/off explicitly. If neither is specified, progress is
+	shown if standard error is connected to a terminal.
+
 The following subcommands are available:
 
 write::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-notes.txt b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
index f56a5a9197..ced2e8280e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-notes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 [verse]
 'git notes' [list [<object>]]
 'git notes' add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]
-'git notes' copy [-f] ( --stdin | <from-object> <to-object> )
+'git notes' copy [-f] ( --stdin | <from-object> [<to-object>] )
 'git notes' append [--allow-empty] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]
 'git notes' edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]
 'git notes' show [<object>]
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ add::
 	subcommand).
 
 copy::
-	Copy the notes for the first object onto the second object.
-	Abort if the second object already has notes, or if the first
+	Copy the notes for the first object onto the second object (defaults to
+	HEAD). Abort if the second object already has notes, or if the first
 	object has none (use -f to overwrite existing notes to the
 	second object). This subcommand is equivalent to:
 	`git notes add [-f] -C $(git notes list <from-object>) <to-object>`
diff --git a/Documentation/git-range-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-range-diff.txt
index 8a6ea2c6c5..9701c1e5fd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-range-diff.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-range-diff.txt
@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ to revert to color all lines according to the outer diff markers
 	See the ``Algorithm`` section below for an explanation why this is
 	needed.
 
+--[no-]notes[=<ref>]::
+	This flag is passed to the `git log` program
+	(see linkgit:git-log[1]) that generates the patches.
+
 <range1> <range2>::
 	Compare the commits specified by the two ranges, where
 	`<range1>` is considered an older version of `<range2>`.
@@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ to revert to color all lines according to the outer diff markers
 linkgit:git-diff[1]), most notably the `--color=[<when>]` and
 `--no-color` options. These options are used when generating the "diff
 between patches", i.e. to compare the author, commit message and diff of
-corresponding old/new commits. There is currently no means to tweak the
+corresponding old/new commits. There is currently no means to tweak most of the
 diff options passed to `git log` when generating those patches.
 
 OUTPUT STABILITY
@@ -242,7 +246,7 @@ corresponding.
 
 The overall time needed to compute this algorithm is the time needed to
 compute n+m commit diffs and then n*m diffs of patches, plus the time
-needed to compute the least-cost assigment between n and m diffs. Git
+needed to compute the least-cost assignment between n and m diffs. Git
 uses an implementation of the Jonker-Volgenant algorithm to solve the
 assignment problem, which has cubic runtime complexity. The matching
 found in this case will look like this:
diff --git a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
index d271842608..da33f84f33 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ support.
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-write-tree[1]; linkgit:git-ls-files[1];
-linkgit:gitignore[5]
+linkgit:gitignore[5]; linkgit:git-sparse-checkout[1];
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
index 6156609cf7..f7a6033607 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ git-rebase - Reapply commits on top of another base tip
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [<options>] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>]
-	[<upstream> [<branch>]]
+'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [<options>] [--exec <cmd>]
+	[--onto <newbase> | --keep-base] [<upstream> [<branch>]]
 'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [<options>] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>]
 	--root [<branch>]
 'git rebase' (--continue | --skip | --abort | --quit | --edit-todo | --show-current-patch)
@@ -217,6 +217,24 @@ As a special case, you may use "A\...B" as a shortcut for the
 merge base of A and B if there is exactly one merge base. You can
 leave out at most one of A and B, in which case it defaults to HEAD.
 
+--keep-base::
+	Set the starting point at which to create the new commits to the
+	merge base of <upstream> <branch>. Running
+	'git rebase --keep-base <upstream> <branch>' is equivalent to
+	running 'git rebase --onto <upstream>... <upstream>'.
++
+This option is useful in the case where one is developing a feature on
+top of an upstream branch. While the feature is being worked on, the
+upstream branch may advance and it may not be the best idea to keep
+rebasing on top of the upstream but to keep the base commit as-is.
++
+Although both this option and --fork-point find the merge base between
+<upstream> and <branch>, this option uses the merge base as the _starting
+point_ on which new commits will be created, whereas --fork-point uses
+the merge base to determine the _set of commits_ which will be rebased.
++
+See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
+
 <upstream>::
 	Upstream branch to compare against.  May be any valid commit,
 	not just an existing branch name. Defaults to the configured
@@ -240,16 +258,45 @@ leave out at most one of A and B, in which case it defaults to HEAD.
 	original branch. The index and working tree are also left
 	unchanged as a result.
 
---keep-empty::
-	Keep the commits that do not change anything from its
-	parents in the result.
+--apply:
+	Use applying strategies to rebase (calling `git-am`
+	internally).  This option may become a no-op in the future
+	once the merge backend handles everything the apply one does.
 +
 See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 
+--empty={drop,keep,ask}::
+	How to handle commits that are not empty to start and are not
+	clean cherry-picks of any upstream commit, but which become
+	empty after rebasing (because they contain a subset of already
+	upstream changes).  With drop (the default), commits that
+	become empty are dropped.  With keep, such commits are kept.
+	With ask (implied by --interactive), the rebase will halt when
+	an empty commit is applied allowing you to choose whether to
+	drop it, edit files more, or just commit the empty changes.
+	Other options, like --exec, will use the default of drop unless
+	-i/--interactive is explicitly specified.
++
+Note that commits which start empty are kept, and commits which are
+clean cherry-picks (as determined by `git log --cherry-mark ...`) are
+always dropped.
++
+See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
+
+--keep-empty::
+	No-op.  Rebasing commits that started empty (had no change
+	relative to their parent) used to fail and this option would
+	override that behavior, allowing commits with empty changes to
+	be rebased.  Now commits with no changes do not cause rebasing
+	to halt.
++
+See also BEHAVIORAL DIFFERENCES and INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
+
 --allow-empty-message::
-	By default, rebasing commits with an empty message will fail.
-	This option overrides that behavior, allowing commits with empty
-	messages to be rebased.
+	No-op.  Rebasing commits with an empty message used to fail
+	and this option would override that behavior, allowing commits
+	with empty messages to be rebased.  Now commits with an empty
+	message do not cause rebasing to halt.
 +
 See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 
@@ -268,7 +315,7 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 --merge::
 	Use merging strategies to rebase.  When the recursive (default) merge
 	strategy is used, this allows rebase to be aware of renames on the
-	upstream side.
+	upstream side.  This is the default.
 +
 Note that a rebase merge works by replaying each commit from the working
 branch on top of the <upstream> branch.  Because of this, when a merge
@@ -338,7 +385,7 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 	Ensure at least <n> lines of surrounding context match before
 	and after each change.  When fewer lines of surrounding
 	context exist they all must match.  By default no context is
-	ever ignored.
+	ever ignored.  Implies --apply.
 +
 See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 
@@ -369,11 +416,16 @@ ends up being empty, the <upstream> will be used as a fallback.
 +
 If either <upstream> or --root is given on the command line, then the
 default is `--no-fork-point`, otherwise the default is `--fork-point`.
++
+If your branch was based on <upstream> but <upstream> was rewound and
+your branch contains commits which were dropped, this option can be used
+with `--keep-base` in order to drop those commits from your branch.
 
 --ignore-whitespace::
 --whitespace=<option>::
-	These flag are passed to the 'git apply' program
+	These flags are passed to the 'git apply' program
 	(see linkgit:git-apply[1]) that applies the patch.
+	Implies --apply.
 +
 See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 
@@ -421,8 +473,8 @@ the `rebase-cousins` mode is turned on, such commits are instead rebased
 onto `<upstream>` (or `<onto>`, if specified).
 +
 The `--rebase-merges` mode is similar in spirit to the deprecated
-`--preserve-merges`, but in contrast to that option works well in interactive
-rebases: commits can be reordered, inserted and dropped at will.
+`--preserve-merges` but works with interactive rebases,
+where commits can be reordered, inserted and dropped at will.
 +
 It is currently only possible to recreate the merge commits using the
 `recursive` merge strategy; Different merge strategies can be used only via
@@ -517,10 +569,11 @@ INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS
 
 The following options:
 
+ * --apply
  * --committer-date-is-author-date
  * --ignore-date
- * --whitespace
  * --ignore-whitespace
+ * --whitespace
  * -C
 
 are incompatible with the following options:
@@ -535,6 +588,7 @@ are incompatible with the following options:
  * --interactive
  * --exec
  * --keep-empty
+ * --empty=
  * --edit-todo
  * --root when used in combination with --onto
 
@@ -543,33 +597,137 @@ In addition, the following pairs of options are incompatible:
  * --preserve-merges and --interactive
  * --preserve-merges and --signoff
  * --preserve-merges and --rebase-merges
- * --rebase-merges and --strategy
- * --rebase-merges and --strategy-option
+ * --preserve-merges and --empty=
+ * --keep-base and --onto
+ * --keep-base and --root
 
 BEHAVIORAL DIFFERENCES
 -----------------------
 
-There are some subtle differences how the backends behave.
+git rebase has two primary backends: apply and merge.  (The apply
+backend used to known as the 'am' backend, but the name led to
+confusion as it looks like a verb instead of a noun.  Also, the merge
+backend used to be known as the interactive backend, but it is now
+used for non-interactive cases as well.  Both were renamed based on
+lower-level functionality that underpinned each.) There are some
+subtle differences in how these two backends behave:
 
 Empty commits
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-The am backend drops any "empty" commits, regardless of whether the
-commit started empty (had no changes relative to its parent to
-start with) or ended empty (all changes were already applied
-upstream in other commits).
+The apply backend unfortunately drops intentionally empty commits, i.e.
+commits that started empty, though these are rare in practice.  It
+also drops commits that become empty and has no option for controlling
+this behavior.
 
-The interactive backend drops commits by default that
-started empty and halts if it hits a commit that ended up empty.
-The `--keep-empty` option exists for the interactive backend to allow
-it to keep commits that started empty.
+The merge backend keeps intentionally empty commits.  Similar to the
+apply backend, by default the merge backend drops commits that become
+empty unless -i/--interactive is specified (in which case it stops and
+asks the user what to do).  The merge backend also has an
+--empty={drop,keep,ask} option for changing the behavior of handling
+commits that become empty.
 
 Directory rename detection
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Directory rename heuristics are enabled in the merge and interactive
-backends.  Due to the lack of accurate tree information, directory
-rename detection is disabled in the am backend.
+Due to the lack of accurate tree information (arising from
+constructing fake ancestors with the limited information available in
+patches), directory rename detection is disabled in the apply backend.
+Disabled directory rename detection means that if one side of history
+renames a directory and the other adds new files to the old directory,
+then the new files will be left behind in the old directory without
+any warning at the time of rebasing that you may want to move these
+files into the new directory.
+
+Directory rename detection works with the merge backend to provide you
+warnings in such cases.
+
+Context
+~~~~~~~
+
+The apply backend works by creating a sequence of patches (by calling
+`format-patch` internally), and then applying the patches in sequence
+(calling `am` internally).  Patches are composed of multiple hunks,
+each with line numbers, a context region, and the actual changes.  The
+line numbers have to be taken with some fuzz, since the other side
+will likely have inserted or deleted lines earlier in the file.  The
+context region is meant to help find how to adjust the line numbers in
+order to apply the changes to the right lines.  However, if multiple
+areas of the code have the same surrounding lines of context, the
+wrong one can be picked.  There are real-world cases where this has
+caused commits to be reapplied incorrectly with no conflicts reported.
+Setting diff.context to a larger value may prevent such types of
+problems, but increases the chance of spurious conflicts (since it
+will require more lines of matching context to apply).
+
+The merge backend works with a full copy of each relevant file,
+insulating it from these types of problems.
+
+Labelling of conflicts markers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When there are content conflicts, the merge machinery tries to
+annotate each side's conflict markers with the commits where the
+content came from.  Since the apply backend drops the original
+information about the rebased commits and their parents (and instead
+generates new fake commits based off limited information in the
+generated patches), those commits cannot be identified; instead it has
+to fall back to a commit summary.  Also, when merge.conflictStyle is
+set to diff3, the apply backend will use "constructed merge base" to
+label the content from the merge base, and thus provide no information
+about the merge base commit whatsoever.
+
+The merge backend works with the full commits on both sides of history
+and thus has no such limitations.
+
+Hooks
+~~~~~
+
+The apply backend has not traditionally called the post-commit hook,
+while the merge backend has.  However, this was by accident of
+implementation rather than by design.  Both backends should have the
+same behavior, though it is not clear which one is correct.
+
+Interruptability
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The apply backend has safety problems with an ill-timed interrupt; if
+the user presses Ctrl-C at the wrong time to try to abort the rebase,
+the rebase can enter a state where it cannot be aborted with a
+subsequent `git rebase --abort`.  The merge backend does not appear to
+suffer from the same shortcoming.  (See
+https://lore.kernel.org/git/20200207132152.GC2868@szeder.dev/ for
+details.)
+
+Commit Rewording
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When a conflict occurs while rebasing, rebase stops and asks the user
+to resolve.  Since the user may need to make notable changes while
+resolving conflicts, after conflicts are resolved and the user has run
+`git rebase --continue`, the rebase should open an editor and ask the
+user to update the commit message.  The merge backend does this, while
+the apply backend blindly applies the original commit message.
+
+Miscellaneous differences
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+There are a few more behavioral differences that most folks would
+probably consider inconsequential but which are mentioned for
+completeness:
+
+* Reflog: The two backends will use different wording when describing
+  the changes made in the reflog, though both will make use of the
+  word "rebase".
+
+* Progress, informational, and error messages: The two backends
+  provide slightly different progress and informational messages.
+  Also, the apply backend writes error messages (such as "Your files
+  would be overwritten...") to stdout, while the merge backend writes
+  them to stderr.
+
+* State directories: The two backends keep their state in different
+  directories under .git/
 
 include::merge-strategies.txt[]
 
@@ -832,7 +990,8 @@ Hard case: The changes are not the same.::
 	This happens if the 'subsystem' rebase had conflicts, or used
 	`--interactive` to omit, edit, squash, or fixup commits; or
 	if the upstream used one of `commit --amend`, `reset`, or
-	`filter-branch`.
+	a full history rewriting command like
+	https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo[`filter-repo`].
 
 
 The easy case
@@ -870,7 +1029,7 @@ NOTE: While an "easy case recovery" sometimes appears to be successful
       --interactive` will be **resurrected**!
 
 The idea is to manually tell 'git rebase' "where the old 'subsystem'
-ended and your 'topic' began", that is, what the old merge-base
+ended and your 'topic' began", that is, what the old merge base
 between them was.  You will have to find a way to name the last commit
 of the old 'subsystem', for example:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt
index dedf97efbb..25702ed730 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt
@@ -165,29 +165,31 @@ ref listing the commits pushed to the repository, and logs the push
 certificates of signed pushes with good signatures to a logger
 service:
 
-	#!/bin/sh
-	# mail out commit update information.
-	while read oval nval ref
-	do
-		if expr "$oval" : '0*$' >/dev/null
-		then
-			echo "Created a new ref, with the following commits:"
-			git rev-list --pretty "$nval"
-		else
-			echo "New commits:"
-			git rev-list --pretty "$nval" "^$oval"
-		fi |
-		mail -s "Changes to ref $ref" commit-list@mydomain
-	done
-	# log signed push certificate, if any
-	if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}" && test ${GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS} = G
+----
+#!/bin/sh
+# mail out commit update information.
+while read oval nval ref
+do
+	if expr "$oval" : '0*$' >/dev/null
 	then
-		(
-			echo expected nonce is ${GIT_PUSH_NONCE}
-			git cat-file blob ${GIT_PUSH_CERT}
-		) | mail -s "push certificate from $GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER" push-log@mydomain
-	fi
-	exit 0
+		echo "Created a new ref, with the following commits:"
+		git rev-list --pretty "$nval"
+	else
+		echo "New commits:"
+		git rev-list --pretty "$nval" "^$oval"
+	fi |
+	mail -s "Changes to ref $ref" commit-list@mydomain
+done
+# log signed push certificate, if any
+if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}" && test ${GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS} = G
+then
+	(
+		echo expected nonce is ${GIT_PUSH_NONCE}
+		git cat-file blob ${GIT_PUSH_CERT}
+	) | mail -s "push certificate from $GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER" push-log@mydomain
+fi
+exit 0
+----
 
 The exit code from this hook invocation is ignored, however a
 non-zero exit code will generate an error message.
@@ -212,8 +214,10 @@ anyway.
 This hook can be used, for example, to run `git update-server-info`
 if the repository is packed and is served via a dumb transport.
 
-	#!/bin/sh
-	exec git update-server-info
+----
+#!/bin/sh
+exec git update-server-info
+----
 
 
 QUARANTINE ENVIRONMENT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-replace.txt b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
index 246dc9943c..f271d758c3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-replace.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
@@ -123,10 +123,10 @@ The following format are available:
 CREATING REPLACEMENT OBJECTS
 ----------------------------
 
-linkgit:git-filter-branch[1], linkgit:git-hash-object[1] and
-linkgit:git-rebase[1], among other git commands, can be used to create
-replacement objects from existing objects. The `--edit` option can
-also be used with 'git replace' to create a replacement object by
+linkgit:git-hash-object[1], linkgit:git-rebase[1], and
+https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo[git-filter-repo], among other git commands, can be used to
+create replacement objects from existing objects. The `--edit` option
+can also be used with 'git replace' to create a replacement object by
 editing an existing object.
 
 If you want to replace many blobs, trees or commits that are part of a
@@ -148,13 +148,13 @@ pending objects.
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-hash-object[1]
-linkgit:git-filter-branch[1]
 linkgit:git-rebase[1]
 linkgit:git-tag[1]
 linkgit:git-branch[1]
 linkgit:git-commit[1]
 linkgit:git-var[1]
 linkgit:git[1]
+https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo[git-filter-repo]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
index 97e0544d9e..932080c55d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
@@ -8,34 +8,36 @@ git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
-'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]
+'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <pathspec>...
+'git reset' [-q] [--pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]] [<tree-ish>]
+'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<pathspec>...]
 'git reset' [--soft | --mixed [-N] | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-In the first and second form, copy entries from `<tree-ish>` to the index.
-In the third form, set the current branch head (`HEAD`) to `<commit>`,
+In the first three forms, copy entries from `<tree-ish>` to the index.
+In the last form, set the current branch head (`HEAD`) to `<commit>`,
 optionally modifying index and working tree to match.
 The `<tree-ish>`/`<commit>` defaults to `HEAD` in all forms.
 
-'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...::
-	This form resets the index entries for all `<paths>` to their
-	state at `<tree-ish>`.  (It does not affect the working tree or
-	the current branch.)
+'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <pathspec>...::
+'git reset' [-q] [--pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]] [<tree-ish>]::
+	These forms reset the index entries for all paths that match the
+	`<pathspec>` to their state at `<tree-ish>`.  (It does not affect
+	the working tree or the current branch.)
 +
-This means that `git reset <paths>` is the opposite of `git add
-<paths>`. This command is equivalent to
-`git restore [--source=<tree-ish>] --staged <paths>...`.
+This means that `git reset <pathspec>` is the opposite of `git add
+<pathspec>`. This command is equivalent to
+`git restore [--source=<tree-ish>] --staged <pathspec>...`.
 +
-After running `git reset <paths>` to update the index entry, you can
+After running `git reset <pathspec>` to update the index entry, you can
 use linkgit:git-restore[1] to check the contents out of the index to
 the working tree. Alternatively, using linkgit:git-restore[1]
 and specifying a commit with `--source`, you
 can copy the contents of a path out of a commit to the index and to the
 working tree in one go.
 
-'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]::
+'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<pathspec>...]::
 	Interactively select hunks in the difference between the index
 	and `<tree-ish>` (defaults to `HEAD`).  The chosen hunks are applied
 	in reverse to the index.
@@ -101,6 +103,26 @@ OPTIONS
 	`reset.quiet` config option. `--quiet` and `--no-quiet` will
 	override the default behavior.
 
+--pathspec-from-file=<file>::
+	Pathspec is passed in `<file>` instead of commandline args. If
+	`<file>` is exactly `-` then standard input is used. Pathspec
+	elements are separated by LF or CR/LF. Pathspec elements can be
+	quoted as explained for the configuration variable `core.quotePath`
+	(see linkgit:git-config[1]). See also `--pathspec-file-nul` and
+	global `--literal-pathspecs`.
+
+--pathspec-file-nul::
+	Only meaningful with `--pathspec-from-file`. Pathspec elements are
+	separated with NUL character and all other characters are taken
+	literally (including newlines and quotes).
+
+\--::
+	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
+
+<pathspec>...::
+	Limits the paths affected by the operation.
++
+For more details, see the 'pathspec' entry in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-restore.txt b/Documentation/git-restore.txt
index 1ab2e40ea9..5bf60d4943 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-restore.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-restore.txt
@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ git-restore - Restore working tree files
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git restore' [<options>] [--source=<tree>] [--staged] [--worktree] <pathspec>...
-'git restore' (-p|--patch) [<options>] [--source=<tree>] [--staged] [--worktree] [<pathspec>...]
+'git restore' [<options>] [--source=<tree>] [--staged] [--worktree] [--] <pathspec>...
+'git restore' [<options>] [--source=<tree>] [--staged] [--worktree] --pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]
+'git restore' (-p|--patch) [<options>] [--source=<tree>] [--staged] [--worktree] [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -113,6 +114,27 @@ in linkgit:git-checkout[1] for details.
 	appear in the `--source` tree are removed, to make them match
 	`<tree>` exactly. The default is no-overlay mode.
 
+--pathspec-from-file=<file>::
+	Pathspec is passed in `<file>` instead of commandline args. If
+	`<file>` is exactly `-` then standard input is used. Pathspec
+	elements are separated by LF or CR/LF. Pathspec elements can be
+	quoted as explained for the configuration variable `core.quotePath`
+	(see linkgit:git-config[1]). See also `--pathspec-file-nul` and
+	global `--literal-pathspecs`.
+
+--pathspec-file-nul::
+	Only meaningful with `--pathspec-from-file`. Pathspec elements are
+	separated with NUL character and all other characters are taken
+	literally (including newlines and quotes).
+
+\--::
+	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
+
+<pathspec>...::
+	Limits the paths affected by the operation.
++
+For more details, see the 'pathspec' entry in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
index 9392760b25..025c911436 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
@@ -9,59 +9,7 @@ git-rev-list - Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git rev-list' [ --max-count=<number> ]
-	     [ --skip=<number> ]
-	     [ --max-age=<timestamp> ]
-	     [ --min-age=<timestamp> ]
-	     [ --sparse ]
-	     [ --merges ]
-	     [ --no-merges ]
-	     [ --min-parents=<number> ]
-	     [ --no-min-parents ]
-	     [ --max-parents=<number> ]
-	     [ --no-max-parents ]
-	     [ --first-parent ]
-	     [ --remove-empty ]
-	     [ --full-history ]
-	     [ --not ]
-	     [ --all ]
-	     [ --branches[=<pattern>] ]
-	     [ --tags[=<pattern>] ]
-	     [ --remotes[=<pattern>] ]
-	     [ --glob=<glob-pattern> ]
-	     [ --ignore-missing ]
-	     [ --stdin ]
-	     [ --quiet ]
-	     [ --topo-order ]
-	     [ --parents ]
-	     [ --timestamp ]
-	     [ --left-right ]
-	     [ --left-only ]
-	     [ --right-only ]
-	     [ --cherry-mark ]
-	     [ --cherry-pick ]
-	     [ --encoding=<encoding> ]
-	     [ --(author|committer|grep)=<pattern> ]
-	     [ --regexp-ignore-case | -i ]
-	     [ --extended-regexp | -E ]
-	     [ --fixed-strings | -F ]
-	     [ --date=<format>]
-	     [ [ --objects | --objects-edge | --objects-edge-aggressive ]
-	       [ --unpacked ]
-	       [ --object-names | --no-object-names ]
-	       [ --filter=<filter-spec> [ --filter-print-omitted ] ] ]
-	     [ --missing=<missing-action> ]
-	     [ --pretty | --header ]
-	     [ --bisect ]
-	     [ --bisect-vars ]
-	     [ --bisect-all ]
-	     [ --merge ]
-	     [ --reverse ]
-	     [ --walk-reflogs ]
-	     [ --no-walk ] [ --do-walk ]
-	     [ --count ]
-	     [ --use-bitmap-index ]
-	     <commit>... [ \-- <paths>... ]
+'git rev-list' [<options>] <commit>... [[--] <path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
index e72d332b83..19b12b6d43 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
@@ -262,7 +262,8 @@ print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
 	directory.
 
 --show-toplevel::
-	Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
+	Show the absolute path of the top-level directory of the working
+	tree. If there is no working tree, report an error.
 
 --show-superproject-working-tree::
 	Show the absolute path of the root of the superproject's
@@ -274,6 +275,13 @@ print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
 	Show the path to the shared index file in split index mode, or
 	empty if not in split-index mode.
 
+--show-object-format[=(storage|input|output)]::
+	Show the object format (hash algorithm) used for the repository
+	for storage inside the `.git` directory, input, or output. For
+	input, multiple algorithms may be printed, space-separated.
+	If not specified, the default is "storage".
+
+
 Other Options
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rm.txt b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
index b5c46223c4..ab750367fd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rm.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
@@ -8,16 +8,18 @@ git-rm - Remove files from the working tree and from the index
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git rm' [-f | --force] [-n] [-r] [--cached] [--ignore-unmatch] [--quiet] [--] <file>...
+'git rm' [-f | --force] [-n] [-r] [--cached] [--ignore-unmatch]
+	  [--quiet] [--pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]]
+	  [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Remove files from the index, or from the working tree and the index.
-`git rm` will not remove a file from just your working directory.
-(There is no option to remove a file only from the working tree
-and yet keep it in the index; use `/bin/rm` if you want to do that.)
-The files being removed have to be identical to the tip of the branch,
-and no updates to their contents can be staged in the index,
+Remove files matching pathspec from the index, or from the working tree
+and the index. `git rm` will not remove a file from just your working
+directory. (There is no option to remove a file only from the working
+tree and yet keep it in the index; use `/bin/rm` if you want to do
+that.) The files being removed have to be identical to the tip of the
+branch, and no updates to their contents can be staged in the index,
 though that default behavior can be overridden with the `-f` option.
 When `--cached` is given, the staged content has to
 match either the tip of the branch or the file on disk,
@@ -26,15 +28,20 @@ allowing the file to be removed from just the index.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
-<file>...::
-	Files to remove.  Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can be given to
-	remove all matching files.  If you want Git to expand
-	file glob characters, you may need to shell-escape them.
-	A leading directory name
-	(e.g. `dir` to remove `dir/file1` and `dir/file2`) can be
-	given to remove all files in the directory, and recursively
-	all sub-directories,
-	but this requires the `-r` option to be explicitly given.
+<pathspec>...::
+	Files to remove.  A leading directory name (e.g. `dir` to remove
+	`dir/file1` and `dir/file2`) can be given to remove all files in
+	the directory, and recursively all sub-directories, but this
+	requires the `-r` option to be explicitly given.
++
+The command removes only the paths that are known to Git.
++
+File globbing matches across directory boundaries.  Thus, given two
+directories `d` and `d2`, there is a difference between using
+`git rm 'd*'` and `git rm 'd/*'`, as the former will also remove all
+of directory `d2`.
++
+For more details, see the 'pathspec' entry in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
 
 -f::
 --force::
@@ -68,19 +75,19 @@ OPTIONS
 	`git rm` normally outputs one line (in the form of an `rm` command)
 	for each file removed. This option suppresses that output.
 
+--pathspec-from-file=<file>::
+	Pathspec is passed in `<file>` instead of commandline args. If
+	`<file>` is exactly `-` then standard input is used. Pathspec
+	elements are separated by LF or CR/LF. Pathspec elements can be
+	quoted as explained for the configuration variable `core.quotePath`
+	(see linkgit:git-config[1]). See also `--pathspec-file-nul` and
+	global `--literal-pathspecs`.
 
-DISCUSSION
-----------
-
-The <file> list given to the command can be exact pathnames,
-file glob patterns, or leading directory names.  The command
-removes only the paths that are known to Git.  Giving the name of
-a file that you have not told Git about does not remove that file.
+--pathspec-file-nul::
+	Only meaningful with `--pathspec-from-file`. Pathspec elements are
+	separated with NUL character and all other characters are taken
+	literally (including newlines and quotes).
 
-File globbing matches across directory boundaries.  Thus, given
-two directories `d` and `d2`, there is a difference between
-using `git rm 'd*'` and `git rm 'd/*'`, as the former will
-also remove all of directory `d2`.
 
 REMOVING FILES THAT HAVE DISAPPEARED FROM THE FILESYSTEM
 --------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
index d93e5d0f58..0a69810147 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
@@ -486,11 +486,13 @@ Use gmail as the smtp server
 To use 'git send-email' to send your patches through the GMail SMTP server,
 edit ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings:
 
-	[sendemail]
-		smtpEncryption = tls
-		smtpServer = smtp.gmail.com
-		smtpUser = yourname@gmail.com
-		smtpServerPort = 587
+----
+[sendemail]
+	smtpEncryption = tls
+	smtpServer = smtp.gmail.com
+	smtpUser = yourname@gmail.com
+	smtpServerPort = 587
+----
 
 If you have multifactor authentication setup on your gmail account, you will
 need to generate an app-specific password for use with 'git send-email'. Visit
diff --git a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
index bc80905a8a..a72ea7f7ba 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ them.
 Paths may need to be prefixed with `--` to separate them from
 options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
 
+:git-shortlog: 1
+include::rev-list-options.txt[]
+
 MAPPING AUTHORS
 ---------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-sparse-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-sparse-checkout.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c0342e5393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-sparse-checkout.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+git-sparse-checkout(1)
+======================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-sparse-checkout - Initialize and modify the sparse-checkout
+configuration, which reduces the checkout to a set of paths
+given by a list of patterns.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git sparse-checkout <subcommand> [options]'
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Initialize and modify the sparse-checkout configuration, which reduces
+the checkout to a set of paths given by a list of patterns.
+
+THIS COMMAND IS EXPERIMENTAL. ITS BEHAVIOR, AND THE BEHAVIOR OF OTHER
+COMMANDS IN THE PRESENCE OF SPARSE-CHECKOUTS, WILL LIKELY CHANGE IN
+THE FUTURE.
+
+
+COMMANDS
+--------
+'list'::
+	Describe the patterns in the sparse-checkout file.
+
+'init'::
+	Enable the `core.sparseCheckout` setting. If the
+	sparse-checkout file does not exist, then populate it with
+	patterns that match every file in the root directory and
+	no other directories, then will remove all directories tracked
+	by Git. Add patterns to the sparse-checkout file to
+	repopulate the working directory.
++
+To avoid interfering with other worktrees, it first enables the
+`extensions.worktreeConfig` setting and makes sure to set the
+`core.sparseCheckout` setting in the worktree-specific config file.
++
+When `--cone` is provided, the `core.sparseCheckoutCone` setting is
+also set, allowing for better performance with a limited set of
+patterns (see 'CONE PATTERN SET' below).
+
+'set'::
+	Write a set of patterns to the sparse-checkout file, as given as
+	a list of arguments following the 'set' subcommand. Update the
+	working directory to match the new patterns. Enable the
+	core.sparseCheckout config setting if it is not already enabled.
++
+When the `--stdin` option is provided, the patterns are read from
+standard in as a newline-delimited list instead of from the arguments.
++
+When `core.sparseCheckoutCone` is enabled, the input list is considered a
+list of directories instead of sparse-checkout patterns. The command writes
+patterns to the sparse-checkout file to include all files contained in those
+directories (recursively) as well as files that are siblings of ancestor
+directories. The input format matches the output of `git ls-tree --name-only`.
+This includes interpreting pathnames that begin with a double quote (") as
+C-style quoted strings.
+
+'add'::
+	Update the sparse-checkout file to include additional patterns.
+	By default, these patterns are read from the command-line arguments,
+	but they can be read from stdin using the `--stdin` option. When
+	`core.sparseCheckoutCone` is enabled, the given patterns are interpreted
+	as directory names as in the 'set' subcommand.
+
+'disable'::
+	Disable the `core.sparseCheckout` config setting, and restore the
+	working directory to include all files. Leaves the sparse-checkout
+	file intact so a later 'git sparse-checkout init' command may
+	return the working directory to the same state.
+
+SPARSE CHECKOUT
+---------------
+
+"Sparse checkout" allows populating the working directory sparsely.
+It uses the skip-worktree bit (see linkgit:git-update-index[1]) to tell
+Git whether a file in the working directory is worth looking at. If
+the skip-worktree bit is set, then the file is ignored in the working
+directory. Git will not populate the contents of those files, which
+makes a sparse checkout helpful when working in a repository with many
+files, but only a few are important to the current user.
+
+The `$GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout` file is used to define the
+skip-worktree reference bitmap. When Git updates the working
+directory, it updates the skip-worktree bits in the index based
+on this file. The files matching the patterns in the file will
+appear in the working directory, and the rest will not.
+
+To enable the sparse-checkout feature, run `git sparse-checkout init` to
+initialize a simple sparse-checkout file and enable the `core.sparseCheckout`
+config setting. Then, run `git sparse-checkout set` to modify the patterns in
+the sparse-checkout file.
+
+To repopulate the working directory with all files, use the
+`git sparse-checkout disable` command.
+
+
+FULL PATTERN SET
+----------------
+
+By default, the sparse-checkout file uses the same syntax as `.gitignore`
+files.
+
+While `$GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout` is usually used to specify what
+files are included, you can also specify what files are _not_ included,
+using negative patterns. For example, to remove the file `unwanted`:
+
+----------------
+/*
+!unwanted
+----------------
+
+
+CONE PATTERN SET
+----------------
+
+The full pattern set allows for arbitrary pattern matches and complicated
+inclusion/exclusion rules. These can result in O(N*M) pattern matches when
+updating the index, where N is the number of patterns and M is the number
+of paths in the index. To combat this performance issue, a more restricted
+pattern set is allowed when `core.sparseCheckoutCone` is enabled.
+
+The accepted patterns in the cone pattern set are:
+
+1. *Recursive:* All paths inside a directory are included.
+
+2. *Parent:* All files immediately inside a directory are included.
+
+In addition to the above two patterns, we also expect that all files in the
+root directory are included. If a recursive pattern is added, then all
+leading directories are added as parent patterns.
+
+By default, when running `git sparse-checkout init`, the root directory is
+added as a parent pattern. At this point, the sparse-checkout file contains
+the following patterns:
+
+----------------
+/*
+!/*/
+----------------
+
+This says "include everything in root, but nothing two levels below root."
+
+When in cone mode, the `git sparse-checkout set` subcommand takes a list of
+directories instead of a list of sparse-checkout patterns. In this mode,
+the command `git sparse-checkout set A/B/C` sets the directory `A/B/C` as
+a recursive pattern, the directories `A` and `A/B` are added as parent
+patterns. The resulting sparse-checkout file is now
+
+----------------
+/*
+!/*/
+/A/
+!/A/*/
+/A/B/
+!/A/B/*/
+/A/B/C/
+----------------
+
+Here, order matters, so the negative patterns are overridden by the positive
+patterns that appear lower in the file.
+
+If `core.sparseCheckoutCone=true`, then Git will parse the sparse-checkout file
+expecting patterns of these types. Git will warn if the patterns do not match.
+If the patterns do match the expected format, then Git will use faster hash-
+based algorithms to compute inclusion in the sparse-checkout.
+
+In the cone mode case, the `git sparse-checkout list` subcommand will list the
+directories that define the recursive patterns. For the example sparse-checkout
+file above, the output is as follows:
+
+--------------------------
+$ git sparse-checkout list
+A/B/C
+--------------------------
+
+If `core.ignoreCase=true`, then the pattern-matching algorithm will use a
+case-insensitive check. This corrects for case mismatched filenames in the
+'git sparse-checkout set' command to reflect the expected cone in the working
+directory.
+
+
+SUBMODULES
+----------
+
+If your repository contains one or more submodules, then those submodules will
+appear based on which you initialized with the `git submodule` command. If
+your sparse-checkout patterns exclude an initialized submodule, then that
+submodule will still appear in your working directory.
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+
+linkgit:git-read-tree[1]
+linkgit:gitignore[5]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
index 8fbe12c66c..31f1beb65b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-stash.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git stash' branch <branchname> [<stash>]
 'git stash' [push [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
 	     [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-m|--message <message>]
+	     [--pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]]
 	     [--] [<pathspec>...]]
 'git stash' clear
 'git stash' create [<message>]
@@ -43,10 +44,10 @@ created stash, `stash@{1}` is the one before it, `stash@{2.hours.ago}`
 is also possible). Stashes may also be referenced by specifying just the
 stash index (e.g. the integer `n` is equivalent to `stash@{n}`).
 
-OPTIONS
--------
+COMMANDS
+--------
 
-push [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [-m|--message <message>] [--] [<pathspec>...]::
+push [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [-m|--message <message>] [--pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]] [--] [<pathspec>...]::
 
 	Save your local modifications to a new 'stash entry' and roll them
 	back to HEAD (in the working tree and in the index).
@@ -56,39 +57,15 @@ push [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q
 For quickly making a snapshot, you can omit "push".  In this mode,
 non-option arguments are not allowed to prevent a misspelled
 subcommand from making an unwanted stash entry.  The two exceptions to this
-are `stash -p` which acts as alias for `stash push -p` and pathspecs,
+are `stash -p` which acts as alias for `stash push -p` and pathspec elements,
 which are allowed after a double hyphen `--` for disambiguation.
-+
-When pathspec is given to 'git stash push', the new stash entry records the
-modified states only for the files that match the pathspec.  The index
-entries and working tree files are then rolled back to the state in
-HEAD only for these files, too, leaving files that do not match the
-pathspec intact.
-+
-If the `--keep-index` option is used, all changes already added to the
-index are left intact.
-+
-If the `--include-untracked` option is used, all untracked files are also
-stashed and then cleaned up with `git clean`, leaving the working directory
-in a very clean state. If the `--all` option is used instead then the
-ignored files are stashed and cleaned in addition to the untracked files.
-+
-With `--patch`, you can interactively select hunks from the diff
-between HEAD and the working tree to be stashed.  The stash entry is
-constructed such that its index state is the same as the index state
-of your repository, and its worktree contains only the changes you
-selected interactively.  The selected changes are then rolled back
-from your worktree. See the ``Interactive Mode'' section of
-linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode.
-+
-The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`.  You can use
-`--no-keep-index` to override this.
 
 save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]::
 
 	This option is deprecated in favour of 'git stash push'.  It
-	differs from "stash push" in that it cannot take pathspecs,
-	and any non-option arguments form the message.
+	differs from "stash push" in that it cannot take pathspec.
+	Instead, all non-option arguments are concatenated to form the stash
+	message.
 
 list [<options>]::
 
@@ -110,7 +87,7 @@ show [<options>] [<stash>]::
 
 	Show the changes recorded in the stash entry as a diff between the
 	stashed contents and the commit back when the stash entry was first
-	created. When no `<stash>` is given, it shows the latest one.
+	created.
 	By default, the command shows the diffstat, but it will accept any
 	format known to 'git diff' (e.g., `git stash show -p stash@{1}`
 	to view the second most recent entry in patch form).
@@ -127,14 +104,6 @@ pop [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
 Applying the state can fail with conflicts; in this case, it is not
 removed from the stash list. You need to resolve the conflicts by hand
 and call `git stash drop` manually afterwards.
-+
-If the `--index` option is used, then tries to reinstate not only the working
-tree's changes, but also the index's ones. However, this can fail, when you
-have conflicts (which are stored in the index, where you therefore can no
-longer apply the changes as they were originally).
-+
-When no `<stash>` is given, `stash@{0}` is assumed, otherwise `<stash>` must
-be a reference of the form `stash@{<revision>}`.
 
 apply [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
 
@@ -148,8 +117,7 @@ branch <branchname> [<stash>]::
 	the commit at which the `<stash>` was originally created, applies the
 	changes recorded in `<stash>` to the new working tree and index.
 	If that succeeds, and `<stash>` is a reference of the form
-	`stash@{<revision>}`, it then drops the `<stash>`. When no `<stash>`
-	is given, applies the latest one.
+	`stash@{<revision>}`, it then drops the `<stash>`.
 +
 This is useful if the branch on which you ran `git stash push` has
 changed enough that `git stash apply` fails due to conflicts. Since
@@ -165,9 +133,6 @@ clear::
 drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
 
 	Remove a single stash entry from the list of stash entries.
-	When no `<stash>` is given, it removes the latest one.
-	i.e. `stash@{0}`, otherwise `<stash>` must be a valid stash
-	log reference of the form `stash@{<revision>}`.
 
 create::
 
@@ -184,6 +149,98 @@ store::
 	reflog.  This is intended to be useful for scripts.  It is
 	probably not the command you want to use; see "push" above.
 
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-a::
+--all::
+	This option is only valid for `push` and `save` commands.
++
+All ignored and untracked files are also stashed and then cleaned
+up with `git clean`.
+
+-u::
+--include-untracked::
+	This option is only valid for `push` and `save` commands.
++
+All untracked files are also stashed and then cleaned up with
+`git clean`.
+
+--index::
+	This option is only valid for `pop` and `apply` commands.
++
+Tries to reinstate not only the working tree's changes, but also
+the index's ones. However, this can fail, when you have conflicts
+(which are stored in the index, where you therefore can no longer
+apply the changes as they were originally).
+
+-k::
+--keep-index::
+--no-keep-index::
+	This option is only valid for `push` and `save` commands.
++
+All changes already added to the index are left intact.
+
+-p::
+--patch::
+	This option is only valid for `push` and `save` commands.
++
+Interactively select hunks from the diff between HEAD and the
+working tree to be stashed.  The stash entry is constructed such
+that its index state is the same as the index state of your
+repository, and its worktree contains only the changes you selected
+interactively.  The selected changes are then rolled back from your
+worktree. See the ``Interactive Mode'' section of linkgit:git-add[1]
+to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode.
++
+The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`.  You can use
+`--no-keep-index` to override this.
+
+--pathspec-from-file=<file>::
+	This option is only valid for `push` command.
++
+Pathspec is passed in `<file>` instead of commandline args. If
+`<file>` is exactly `-` then standard input is used. Pathspec
+elements are separated by LF or CR/LF. Pathspec elements can be
+quoted as explained for the configuration variable `core.quotePath`
+(see linkgit:git-config[1]). See also `--pathspec-file-nul` and
+global `--literal-pathspecs`.
+
+--pathspec-file-nul::
+	This option is only valid for `push` command.
++
+Only meaningful with `--pathspec-from-file`. Pathspec elements are
+separated with NUL character and all other characters are taken
+literally (including newlines and quotes).
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	This option is only valid for `apply`, `drop`, `pop`, `push`,
+	`save`, `store` commands.
++
+Quiet, suppress feedback messages.
+
+\--::
+	This option is only valid for `push` command.
++
+Separates pathspec from options for disambiguation purposes.
+
+<pathspec>...::
+	This option is only valid for `push` command.
++
+The new stash entry records the modified states only for the files
+that match the pathspec.  The index entries and working tree files
+are then rolled back to the state in HEAD only for these files,
+too, leaving files that do not match the pathspec intact.
++
+For more details, see the 'pathspec' entry in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
+
+<stash>::
+	This option is only valid for `apply`, `branch`, `drop`, `pop`,
+	`show` commands.
++
+A reference of the form `stash@{<revision>}`. When no `<stash>` is
+given, the latest stash is assumed (that is, `stash@{0}`).
+
 DISCUSSION
 ----------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt
index d4e8f24f0c..7731b45f07 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-status.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt
@@ -59,16 +59,17 @@ This is optional and defaults to the original version 'v1' format.
 --untracked-files[=<mode>]::
 	Show untracked files.
 +
+--
 The mode parameter is used to specify the handling of untracked files.
 It is optional: it defaults to 'all', and if specified, it must be
 stuck to the option (e.g. `-uno`, but not `-u no`).
-+
+
 The possible options are:
-+
+
 	- 'no'     - Show no untracked files.
 	- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories.
 	- 'all'    - Also shows individual files in untracked directories.
-+
+
 When `-u` option is not used, untracked files and directories are
 shown (i.e. the same as specifying `normal`), to help you avoid
 forgetting to add newly created files.  Because it takes extra work
@@ -78,9 +79,10 @@ Consider enabling untracked cache and split index if supported (see
 `git update-index --untracked-cache` and `git update-index
 --split-index`), Otherwise you can use `no` to have `git status`
 return more quickly without showing untracked files.
-+
+
 The default can be changed using the status.showUntrackedFiles
 configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
+--
 
 --ignore-submodules[=<when>]::
 	Ignore changes to submodules when looking for changes. <when> can be
@@ -100,11 +102,12 @@ configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 --ignored[=<mode>]::
 	Show ignored files as well.
 +
+--
 The mode parameter is used to specify the handling of ignored files.
 It is optional: it defaults to 'traditional'.
-+
+
 The possible options are:
-+
+
 	- 'traditional' - Shows ignored files and directories, unless
 			  --untracked-files=all is specified, in which case
 			  individual files in ignored directories are
@@ -112,12 +115,13 @@ The possible options are:
 	- 'no'	        - Show no ignored files.
 	- 'matching'    - Shows ignored files and directories matching an
 			  ignore pattern.
-+
+
 When 'matching' mode is specified, paths that explicitly match an
 ignored pattern are shown. If a directory matches an ignore pattern,
 then it is shown, but not paths contained in the ignored directory. If
 a directory does not match an ignore pattern, but all contents are
 ignored, then the directory is not shown, but all contents are shown.
+--
 
 -z::
 	Terminate entries with NUL, instead of LF.  This implies
diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
index 0ed5c24dc1..c9ed2bf3d5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git submodule' [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] (--all|[--] <path>...)
 'git submodule' [--quiet] update [<options>] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] set-branch [<options>] [--] <path>
+'git submodule' [--quiet] set-url [--] <path> <newurl>
 'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [<options>] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
 'git submodule' [--quiet] sync [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
@@ -80,6 +81,9 @@ status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]::
 	does not match the SHA-1 found in the index of the containing
 	repository and `U` if the submodule has merge conflicts.
 +
+If `--cached` is specified, this command will instead print the SHA-1
+recorded in the superproject for each submodule.
++
 If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into nested
 submodules, and show their status as well.
 +
@@ -129,11 +133,12 @@ If you really want to remove a submodule from the repository and commit
 that use linkgit:git-rm[1] instead. See linkgit:gitsubmodules[7] for removal
 options.
 
-update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch] [--[no-]recommend-shallow] [-f|--force] [--checkout|--rebase|--merge] [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--recursive] [--jobs <n>] [--] [<path>...]::
+update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch] [--[no-]recommend-shallow] [-f|--force] [--checkout|--rebase|--merge] [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--recursive] [--jobs <n>] [--[no-]single-branch] [--] [<path>...]::
 +
 --
 Update the registered submodules to match what the superproject
-expects by cloning missing submodules and updating the working tree of
+expects by cloning missing submodules, fetching missing commits
+in submodules and updating the working tree of
 the submodules. The "updating" can be done in several ways depending
 on command line options and the value of `submodule.<name>.update`
 configuration variable. The command line option takes precedence over
@@ -173,12 +178,18 @@ submodule with the `--init` option.
 If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into the
 registered submodules, and update any nested submodules within.
 --
-set-branch ((-d|--default)|(-b|--branch <branch>)) [--] <path>::
+set-branch (-b|--branch) <branch> [--] <path>::
+set-branch (-d|--default) [--] <path>::
 	Sets the default remote tracking branch for the submodule. The
 	`--branch` option allows the remote branch to be specified. The
 	`--default` option removes the submodule.<name>.branch configuration
 	key, which causes the tracking branch to default to 'master'.
 
+set-url [--] <path> <newurl>::
+	Sets the URL of the specified submodule to <newurl>. Then, it will
+	automatically synchronize the submodule's new remote URL
+	configuration.
+
 summary [--cached|--files] [(-n|--summary-limit) <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...]::
 	Show commit summary between the given commit (defaults to HEAD) and
 	working tree/index. For a submodule in question, a series of commits
@@ -218,7 +229,7 @@ As an example, the command below will show the path and currently
 checked out commit for each submodule:
 +
 --------------
-git submodule foreach 'echo $path `git rev-parse HEAD`'
+git submodule foreach 'echo $sm_path `git rev-parse HEAD`'
 --------------
 
 sync [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]::
@@ -237,7 +248,7 @@ registered submodules, and sync any nested submodules within.
 
 absorbgitdirs::
 	If a git directory of a submodule is inside the submodule,
-	move the git directory of the submodule into its superprojects
+	move the git directory of the submodule into its superproject's
 	`$GIT_DIR/modules` path and then connect the git directory and
 	its working directory by setting the `core.worktree` and adding
 	a .git file pointing to the git directory embedded in the
@@ -419,6 +430,10 @@ options carefully.
 	Clone new submodules in parallel with as many jobs.
 	Defaults to the `submodule.fetchJobs` option.
 
+--[no-]single-branch::
+	This option is only valid for the update command.
+	Clone only one branch during update: HEAD or one specified by --branch.
+
 <path>...::
 	Paths to submodule(s). When specified this will restrict the command
 	to only operate on the submodules found at the specified paths.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
index 30711625fd..6624a14fbd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
@@ -677,7 +677,8 @@ config key: svn.authorsProg
 -s<strategy>::
 --strategy=<strategy>::
 -p::
---preserve-merges::
+--rebase-merges::
+--preserve-merges (DEPRECATED)::
 	These are only used with the 'dcommit' and 'rebase' commands.
 +
 Passed directly to 'git rebase' when using 'dcommit' if a
@@ -769,11 +770,11 @@ option for (hopefully) obvious reasons.
 +
 This option is NOT recommended as it makes it difficult to track down
 old references to SVN revision numbers in existing documentation, bug
-reports and archives.  If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to Git
-and are certain about dropping SVN history, consider
-linkgit:git-filter-branch[1] instead.  filter-branch also allows
-reformatting of metadata for ease-of-reading and rewriting authorship
-info for non-"svn.authorsFile" users.
+reports, and archives.  If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to
+Git and are certain about dropping SVN history, consider
+https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo[git-filter-repo] instead.
+filter-repo also allows reformatting of metadata for ease-of-reading
+and rewriting authorship info for non-"svn.authorsFile" users.
 
 svn.useSvmProps::
 svn-remote.<name>.useSvmProps::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
index 2e5599a67f..f6d9791780 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --sign::
 	Make a GPG-signed tag, using the default e-mail address's key.
 	The default behavior of tag GPG-signing is controlled by `tag.gpgSign`
-	configuration variable if it exists, or disabled oder otherwise.
+	configuration variable if it exists, or disabled otherwise.
 	See linkgit:git-config[1].
 
 --no-sign::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
index 1c4d146a41..1489cb09a0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	     [--chmod=(+|-)x]
 	     [--[no-]assume-unchanged]
 	     [--[no-]skip-worktree]
+	     [--[no-]ignore-skip-worktree-entries]
 	     [--[no-]fsmonitor-valid]
 	     [--ignore-submodules]
 	     [--[no-]split-index]
@@ -113,6 +114,11 @@ you will need to handle the situation manually.
 	set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See
 	section "Skip-worktree bit" below for more information.
 
+
+--[no-]ignore-skip-worktree-entries::
+	Do not remove skip-worktree (AKA "index-only") entries even when
+	the `--remove` option was specified.
+
 --[no-]fsmonitor-valid::
 	When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
 	for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
@@ -426,7 +432,7 @@ specified by the splitIndex.sharedIndexExpire config variable (see
 linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
 To avoid deleting a shared index file that is still used, its
-modification time is updated to the current time everytime a new split
+modification time is updated to the current time every time a new split
 index based on the shared index file is either created or read from.
 
 UNTRACKED CACHE
@@ -543,6 +549,22 @@ The untracked cache extension can be enabled by the
 `core.untrackedCache` configuration variable (see
 linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
+NOTES
+-----
+
+Users often try to use the assume-unchanged and skip-worktree bits
+to tell Git to ignore changes to files that are tracked.  This does not
+work as expected, since Git may still check working tree files against
+the index when performing certain operations.  In general, Git does not
+provide a way to ignore changes to tracked files, so alternate solutions
+are recommended.
+
+For example, if the file you want to change is some sort of config file,
+the repository can include a sample config file that can then be copied
+into the ignored name and modified.  The repository can even include a
+script to treat the sample file as a template, modifying and copying it
+automatically.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-config[1],
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
index 9b82564d1a..b0672bd806 100644
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -110,9 +110,23 @@ foo.bar= ...`) sets `foo.bar` to the empty string which `git config
 	Do not pipe Git output into a pager.
 
 --git-dir=<path>::
-	Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
-	setting the `GIT_DIR` environment variable. It can be an absolute
-	path or relative path to current working directory.
+	Set the path to the repository (".git" directory). This can also be
+	controlled by setting the `GIT_DIR` environment variable. It can be
+	an absolute path or relative path to current working directory.
++
+Specifying the location of the ".git" directory using this
+option (or `GIT_DIR` environment variable) turns off the
+repository discovery that tries to find a directory with
+".git" subdirectory (which is how the repository and the
+top-level of the working tree are discovered), and tells Git
+that you are at the top level of the working tree.  If you
+are not at the top-level directory of the working tree, you
+should tell Git where the top-level of the working tree is,
+with the `--work-tree=<path>` option (or `GIT_WORK_TREE`
+environment variable)
++
+If you just want to run git as if it was started in `<path>` then use
+`git -C <path>`.
 
 --work-tree=<path>::
 	Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path
@@ -271,8 +285,8 @@ In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
 the working tree.
 
 
-Synching repositories
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Syncing repositories
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
 
@@ -482,13 +496,36 @@ double-quotes and respecting backslash escapes. E.g., the value
 Git Commits
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 `GIT_AUTHOR_NAME`::
+	The human-readable name used in the author identity when creating commit or
+	tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the `user.name` and
+	`author.name` configuration settings.
+
 `GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL`::
+	The email address used in the author identity when creating commit or
+	tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the `user.email` and
+	`author.email` configuration settings.
+
 `GIT_AUTHOR_DATE`::
+	The date used for the author identity when creating commit or tag objects, or
+	when writing reflogs. See linkgit:git-commit[1] for valid formats.
+
 `GIT_COMMITTER_NAME`::
+	The human-readable name used in the committer identity when creating commit or
+	tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the `user.name` and
+	`committer.name` configuration settings.
+
 `GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL`::
+	The email address used in the author identity when creating commit or
+	tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the `user.email` and
+	`committer.email` configuration settings.
+
 `GIT_COMMITTER_DATE`::
-'EMAIL'::
-	see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
+	The date used for the committer identity when creating commit or tag objects, or
+	when writing reflogs. See linkgit:git-commit[1] for valid formats.
+
+`EMAIL`::
+	The email address used in the author and committer identities if no other
+	relevant environment variable or configuration setting has been set.
 
 Git Diffs
 ~~~~~~~~~
@@ -544,6 +581,10 @@ other
 	a pager.  See also the `core.pager` option in
 	linkgit:git-config[1].
 
+`GIT_PROGRESS_DELAY`::
+	A number controlling how many seconds to delay before showing
+	optional progress indicators. Defaults to 2.
+
 `GIT_EDITOR`::
 	This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`.
 	It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode,
@@ -928,7 +969,7 @@ Reporting Bugs
 Report bugs to the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org> where the
 development and maintenance is primarily done.  You do not have to be
 subscribed to the list to send a message there.  See the list archive
-at https://public-inbox.org/git for previous bug reports and other
+at https://lore.kernel.org/git for previous bug reports and other
 discussions.
 
 Issues which are security relevant should be disclosed privately to
diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
index fb1d188d44..508fe713c4 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
@@ -293,10 +293,10 @@ web front ends do not visualize the contents of these files by default.
 
 In these cases you can tell Git the encoding of a file in the working
 directory with the `working-tree-encoding` attribute. If a file with this
-attribute is added to Git, then Git reencodes the content from the
+attribute is added to Git, then Git re-encodes the content from the
 specified encoding to UTF-8. Finally, Git stores the UTF-8 encoded
 content in its internal data structure (called "the index"). On checkout
-the content is reencoded back to the specified encoding.
+the content is re-encoded back to the specified encoding.
 
 Please note that using the `working-tree-encoding` attribute may have a
 number of pitfalls:
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ command. This is achieved by using the long-running process protocol
 When Git encounters the first file that needs to be cleaned or smudged,
 it starts the filter and performs the handshake. In the handshake, the
 welcome message sent by Git is "git-filter-client", only version 2 is
-suppported, and the supported capabilities are "clean", "smudge", and
+supported, and the supported capabilities are "clean", "smudge", and
 "delay".
 
 Afterwards Git sends a list of "key=value" pairs terminated with
@@ -810,6 +810,10 @@ patterns are available:
 
 - `css` suitable for cascading style sheets.
 
+- `dts` suitable for devicetree (DTS) files.
+
+- `elixir` suitable for source code in the Elixir language.
+
 - `fortran` suitable for source code in the Fortran language.
 
 - `fountain` suitable for Fountain documents.
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
index 1ed3ca33b7..92e4ba6a2f 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
@@ -37,6 +37,12 @@ arguments.  Here are the rules:
    file called HEAD in your work tree, `git diff HEAD` is ambiguous, and
    you have to say either `git diff HEAD --` or `git diff -- HEAD` to
    disambiguate.
+
+ * Because `--` disambiguates revisions and paths in some commands, it
+   cannot be used for those commands to separate options and revisions.
+   You can use `--end-of-options` for this (it also works for commands
+   that do not distinguish between revisions in paths, in which case it
+   is simply an alias for `--`).
 +
 When writing a script that is expected to handle random user-input, it is
 a good practice to make it explicit which arguments are which by placing
@@ -120,6 +126,11 @@ usage: git describe [<options>] <commit-ish>*
     --long                always use long format
     --abbrev[=<n>]        use <n> digits to display SHA-1s
 ---------------------------------------------
++
+Note that some subcommand (e.g. `git grep`) may behave differently
+when there are things on the command line other than `-h`, but `git
+subcmd -h` without anything else on the command line is meant to
+consistently give the usage.
 
 --help-all::
 	Some Git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that
@@ -205,8 +216,8 @@ only affects the files in the working tree, but with
 entries, and with `--cached`, it modifies only the index
 entries.
 
-See also http://marc.info/?l=git&m=116563135620359 and
-http://marc.info/?l=git&m=119150393620273 for further
+See also https://lore.kernel.org/git/7v64clg5u9.fsf@assigned-by-dhcp.cox.net/ and
+https://lore.kernel.org/git/7vy7ej9g38.fsf@gitster.siamese.dyndns.org/ for further
 information.
 
 Some other commands that also work on files in the working tree and/or
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
index f880d21dfb..c0b95256cc 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ to it.
 ================================================
 If you make the decision to start your new branch at some
 other point in the history than the current `HEAD`, you can do so by
-just telling 'git checkout' what the base of the checkout would be.
+just telling 'git switch' what the base of the checkout would be.
 In other words, if you have an earlier tag or branch, you'd just do
 
 ------------
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
index adc759612d..1814d2d23c 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
@@ -131,7 +131,9 @@ context would not match:
 because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; Git
 compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are part of
 the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for `http://example.com` would not
-match: Git compares the protocols exactly.
+match: Git compares the protocols exactly.  However, you may use wildcards in
+the domain name and other pattern matching techniques as with the `http.<url>.*`
+options.
 
 If the "pattern" URL does include a path component, then this too must match
 exactly: the context `https://example.com/bar/baz.git` will match a config
@@ -186,8 +188,94 @@ CUSTOM HELPERS
 --------------
 
 You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in
-which you keep credentials. See the documentation for Git's
-link:technical/api-credentials.html[credentials API] for details.
+which you keep credentials.
+
+Credential helpers are programs executed by Git to fetch or save
+credentials from and to long-term storage (where "long-term" is simply
+longer than a single Git process; e.g., credentials may be stored
+in-memory for a few minutes, or indefinitely on disk).
+
+Each helper is specified by a single string in the configuration
+variable `credential.helper` (and others, see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+The string is transformed by Git into a command to be executed using
+these rules:
+
+  1. If the helper string begins with "!", it is considered a shell
+     snippet, and everything after the "!" becomes the command.
+
+  2. Otherwise, if the helper string begins with an absolute path, the
+     verbatim helper string becomes the command.
+
+  3. Otherwise, the string "git credential-" is prepended to the helper
+     string, and the result becomes the command.
+
+The resulting command then has an "operation" argument appended to it
+(see below for details), and the result is executed by the shell.
+
+Here are some example specifications:
+
+----------------------------------------------------
+# run "git credential-foo"
+foo
+
+# same as above, but pass an argument to the helper
+foo --bar=baz
+
+# the arguments are parsed by the shell, so use shell
+# quoting if necessary
+foo --bar="whitespace arg"
+
+# you can also use an absolute path, which will not use the git wrapper
+/path/to/my/helper --with-arguments
+
+# or you can specify your own shell snippet
+!f() { echo "password=`cat $HOME/.secret`"; }; f
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+Generally speaking, rule (3) above is the simplest for users to specify.
+Authors of credential helpers should make an effort to assist their
+users by naming their program "git-credential-$NAME", and putting it in
+the `$PATH` or `$GIT_EXEC_PATH` during installation, which will allow a
+user to enable it with `git config credential.helper $NAME`.
+
+When a helper is executed, it will have one "operation" argument
+appended to its command line, which is one of:
+
+`get`::
+
+	Return a matching credential, if any exists.
+
+`store`::
+
+	Store the credential, if applicable to the helper.
+
+`erase`::
+
+	Remove a matching credential, if any, from the helper's storage.
+
+The details of the credential will be provided on the helper's stdin
+stream. The exact format is the same as the input/output format of the
+`git credential` plumbing command (see the section `INPUT/OUTPUT
+FORMAT` in linkgit:git-credential[1] for a detailed specification).
+
+For a `get` operation, the helper should produce a list of attributes on
+stdout in the same format (see linkgit:git-credential[1] for common
+attributes). A helper is free to produce a subset, or even no values at
+all if it has nothing useful to provide. Any provided attributes will
+overwrite those already known about by Git.  If a helper outputs a
+`quit` attribute with a value of `true` or `1`, no further helpers will
+be consulted, nor will the user be prompted (if no credential has been
+provided, the operation will then fail).
+
+For a `store` or `erase` operation, the helper's output is ignored.
+If it fails to perform the requested operation, it may complain to
+stderr to inform the user. If it does not support the requested
+operation (e.g., a read-only store), it should silently ignore the
+request.
+
+If a helper receives any other operation, it should silently ignore the
+request. This leaves room for future operations to be added (older
+helpers will just ignore the new requests).
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt
index 82cd573776..3dccab5375 100644
--- a/Documentation/githooks.txt
+++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt
@@ -103,6 +103,28 @@ The default 'pre-commit' hook, when enabled--and with the
 `hooks.allownonascii` config option unset or set to false--prevents
 the use of non-ASCII filenames.
 
+pre-merge-commit
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-merge[1], and can be bypassed
+with the `--no-verify` option.  It takes no parameters, and is
+invoked after the merge has been carried out successfully and before
+obtaining the proposed commit log message to
+make a commit.  Exiting with a non-zero status from this script
+causes the `git merge` command to abort before creating a commit.
+
+The default 'pre-merge-commit' hook, when enabled, runs the
+'pre-commit' hook, if the latter is enabled.
+
+This hook is invoked with the environment variable
+`GIT_EDITOR=:` if the command will not bring up an editor
+to modify the commit message.
+
+If the merge cannot be carried out automatically, the conflicts
+need to be resolved and the result committed separately (see
+linkgit:git-merge[1]). At that point, this hook will not be executed,
+but the 'pre-commit' hook will, if it is enabled.
+
 prepare-commit-msg
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -425,10 +447,12 @@ post-rewrite
 
 This hook is invoked by commands that rewrite commits
 (linkgit:git-commit[1] when called with `--amend` and
-linkgit:git-rebase[1]; currently `git filter-branch` does 'not' call
-it!).  Its first argument denotes the command it was invoked by:
-currently one of `amend` or `rebase`.  Further command-dependent
-arguments may be passed in the future.
+linkgit:git-rebase[1]; however, full-history (re)writing tools like
+linkgit:git-fast-import[1] or
+https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo[git-filter-repo] typically
+do not call it!).  Its first argument denotes the command it was
+invoked by: currently one of `amend` or `rebase`.  Further
+command-dependent arguments may be passed in the future.
 
 The hook receives a list of the rewritten commits on stdin, in the
 format
@@ -466,9 +490,16 @@ fsmonitor-watchman
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 This hook is invoked when the configuration option `core.fsmonitor` is
-set to `.git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman`.  It takes two arguments, a version
-(currently 1) and the time in elapsed nanoseconds since midnight,
-January 1, 1970.
+set to `.git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman` or `.git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchmanv2`
+depending on the version of the hook to use.
+
+Version 1 takes two arguments, a version (1) and the time in elapsed
+nanoseconds since midnight, January 1, 1970.
+
+Version 2 takes two arguments, a version (2) and a token that is used
+for identifying changes since the token. For watchman this would be
+a clock id. This version must output to stdout the new token followed
+by a NUL before the list of files.
 
 The hook should output to stdout the list of all files in the working
 directory that may have changed since the requested time.  The logic
diff --git a/Documentation/gitk.txt b/Documentation/gitk.txt
index 1eabb0aaf3..c653ebb6a8 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitk.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitk.txt
@@ -105,8 +105,12 @@ linkgit:git-rev-list[1] for a complete list.
 	(or the function name regex <funcname>) within the <file>.  You may
 	not give any pathspec limiters.  This is currently limited to
 	a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
-	give zero or one positive revision arguments.
-	You can specify this option more than once.
+	give zero or one positive revision arguments, and
+	<start> and <end> (or <funcname>) must exist in the starting revision.
+	You can specify this option more than once. Implies `--patch`.
+	Patch output can be suppressed using `--no-patch`, but other diff formats
+	(namely `--raw`, `--numstat`, `--shortstat`, `--dirstat`, `--summary`,
+	`--name-only`, `--name-status`, `--check`) are not currently implemented.
 +
 *Note:* gitk (unlike linkgit:git-log[1]) currently only understands
 this option if you specify it "glued together" with its argument.  Do
diff --git a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
index a66e95b70c..67275fd187 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
@@ -44,9 +44,8 @@ submodule.<name>.update::
 	submodule init` to initialize the configuration variable of
 	the same name. Allowed values here are 'checkout', 'rebase',
 	'merge' or 'none'. See description of 'update' command in
-	linkgit:git-submodule[1] for their meaning. Note that the
-	'!command' form is intentionally ignored here for security
-	reasons.
+	linkgit:git-submodule[1] for their meaning. For security
+	reasons, the '!command' form is not accepted here.
 
 submodule.<name>.branch::
 	A remote branch name for tracking updates in the upstream submodule.
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ submodule.<name>.ignore::
 	    Committed differences and modifications to tracked files will show
 	    up.
 
-	none;; No modifiations to submodules are ignored, all of committed
+	none;; No modifications to submodules are ignored, all of committed
 	    differences, and modifications to tracked and untracked files are
 	    shown. This is the default option.
 
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ of the superproject, the setting there will override the one found in
 .gitmodules.
 
 Both settings can be overridden on the command line by using the
-"--ignore-submodule" option. The 'git submodule' commands are not
+"--ignore-submodules" option. The 'git submodule' commands are not
 affected by this setting.
 --
 
@@ -105,14 +104,15 @@ EXAMPLES
 
 Consider the following .gitmodules file:
 
-	[submodule "libfoo"]
-		path = include/foo
-		url = git://foo.com/git/lib.git
-
-	[submodule "libbar"]
-		path = include/bar
-		url = git://bar.com/git/lib.git
+----
+[submodule "libfoo"]
+	path = include/foo
+	url = git://foo.com/git/lib.git
 
+[submodule "libbar"]
+	path = include/bar
+	url = git://bar.com/git/lib.git
+----
 
 This defines two submodules, `libfoo` and `libbar`. These are expected to
 be checked out in the paths `include/foo` and `include/bar`, and for both
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ submodules a URL is specified which can be used for cloning the submodules.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
-linkgit:git-submodule[1] linkgit:git-config[1]
+linkgit:git-submodule[1], linkgit:gitsubmodules[7], linkgit:git-config[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt
index 43f80c8068..f48a031dc3 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt
@@ -297,9 +297,13 @@ Supported if the helper has the "option" capability.
 	same batch are complete. Only objects which were reported
 	in the output of 'list' with a sha1 may be fetched this way.
 +
-Optionally may output a 'lock <file>' line indicating a file under
-GIT_DIR/objects/pack which is keeping a pack until refs can be
-suitably updated.
+Optionally may output a 'lock <file>' line indicating the full path of
+a file under `$GIT_DIR/objects/pack` which is keeping a pack until
+refs can be suitably updated.  The path must end with `.keep`. This is
+a mechanism to name a <pack,idx,keep> tuple by giving only the keep
+component.  The kept pack will not be deleted by a concurrent repack,
+even though its objects may not be referenced until the fetch completes.
+The `.keep` file will be deleted at the conclusion of the fetch.
 +
 If option 'check-connectivity' is requested, the helper must output
 'connectivity-ok' if the clone is self-contained and connected.
@@ -505,6 +509,11 @@ set by Git if the remote helper has the 'option' capability.
 	Indicate that only the objects wanted need to be fetched, not
 	their dependents.
 
+'option atomic' {'true'|'false'}::
+	When pushing, request the remote server to update refs in a single atomic
+	transaction.  If successful, all refs will be updated, or none will.  If the
+	remote side does not support this capability, the push will fail.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-remote[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
index 216b11ee88..1a2ef4c150 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ objects/[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]::
 	here are often called 'unpacked' (or 'loose') objects.
 
 objects/pack::
-	Packs (files that store many object in compressed form,
+	Packs (files that store many objects in compressed form,
 	along with index files to allow them to be randomly
 	accessed) are found in this directory.
 
@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ refs::
 	directory.  The 'git prune' command knows to preserve
 	objects reachable from refs found in this directory and
 	its subdirectories.
-	This directory is ignored (except refs/bisect and
-	refs/worktree) if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
-	"$GIT_COMMON_DIR/refs" will be used instead.
+	This directory is ignored (except refs/bisect,
+	refs/rewritten and refs/worktree) if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is
+	set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/refs" will be used instead.
 
 refs/heads/`name`::
 	records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branch `name`
@@ -240,8 +240,8 @@ remotes::
 logs::
 	Records of changes made to refs are stored in this directory.
 	See linkgit:git-update-ref[1] for more information. This
-	directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
-	"$GIT_COMMON_DIR/logs" will be used instead.
+	directory is ignored (except logs/HEAD) if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is
+	set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/logs" will be used instead.
 
 logs/refs/heads/`name`::
 	Records all changes made to the branch tip named `name`.
diff --git a/Documentation/gitsubmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitsubmodules.txt
index 0a890205b8..c476f891b5 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitsubmodules.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitsubmodules.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitsubmodules(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitsubmodules - mounting one repository inside another
+gitsubmodules - Mounting one repository inside another
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
index 35317e71c8..7963a79ba9 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
@@ -786,9 +786,9 @@ forks::
 	subdirectories of project root (basename) to be forks of existing
 	projects.  For each project +$projname.git+, projects in the
 	+$projname/+ directory and its subdirectories will not be
-	shown in the main projects list.  Instead, a \'\+' mark is shown
-	next to +$projname+, which links to a "forks" view that lists all
-	the forks (all projects in +$projname/+ subdirectory).  Additionally
+	shown in the main projects list.  Instead, a \'+' mark is shown
+	next to `$projname`, which links to a "forks" view that lists all
+	the forks (all projects in `$projname/` subdirectory).  Additionally
 	a "forks" view for a project is linked from project summary page.
 +
 If the project list is taken from a file (+$projects_list+ points to a
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt b/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt
index bd1027433b..81be0d6115 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ After I am done, I'd try a pretend-merge between "topicA" and
               o---o---o---o---o---o
 
 The last diff better not to show anything other than cleanups
-for crufts.  Then I can finally clean things up:
+for cruft.  Then I can finally clean things up:
 
         $ git branch -D topic
         $ git reset --hard HEAD^ ;# nuke pretend merge
diff --git a/Documentation/manpage-bold-literal.xsl b/Documentation/manpage-bold-literal.xsl
index 608eb5df62..94d6c1b545 100644
--- a/Documentation/manpage-bold-literal.xsl
+++ b/Documentation/manpage-bold-literal.xsl
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 <!-- manpage-bold-literal.xsl:
      special formatting for manpages rendered from asciidoc+docbook -->
 <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+		xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
 		version="1.0">
 
 <!-- render literal text as bold (instead of plain or monospace);
      this makes literal text easier to distinguish in manpages
      viewed on a tty -->
-<xsl:template match="literal">
+<xsl:template match="literal|d:literal">
 	<xsl:value-of select="$git.docbook.backslash"/>
 	<xsl:text>fB</xsl:text>
 	<xsl:apply-templates/>
diff --git a/Documentation/manpage.xsl b/Documentation/manpage.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef64bab17a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/manpage.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
+	<xsl:import href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl-ns/current/manpages/docbook.xsl" />
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-options.txt b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
index 79a00d2a4a..40dc4f5e8c 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
@@ -34,26 +34,30 @@ set to `no` at the beginning of them.
 
 --cleanup=<mode>::
 	This option determines how the merge message will be cleaned up before
-	commiting. See linkgit:git-commit[1] for more details. In addition, if
+	committing. See linkgit:git-commit[1] for more details. In addition, if
 	the '<mode>' is given a value of `scissors`, scissors will be appended
 	to `MERGE_MSG` before being passed on to the commit machinery in the
 	case of a merge conflict.
 
 --ff::
-	When the merge resolves as a fast-forward, only update the branch
-	pointer, without creating a merge commit.  This is the default
-	behavior.
-
 --no-ff::
-	Create a merge commit even when the merge resolves as a
-	fast-forward.  This is the default behaviour when merging an
-	annotated (and possibly signed) tag that is not stored in
-	its natural place in 'refs/tags/' hierarchy.
-
 --ff-only::
-	Refuse to merge and exit with a non-zero status unless the
-	current `HEAD` is already up to date or the merge can be
-	resolved as a fast-forward.
+	Specifies how a merge is handled when the merged-in history is
+	already a descendant of the current history.  `--ff` is the
+	default unless merging an annotated (and possibly signed) tag
+	that is not stored in its natural place in the `refs/tags/`
+	hierarchy, in which case `--no-ff` is assumed.
++
+With `--ff`, when possible resolve the merge as a fast-forward (only
+update the branch pointer to match the merged branch; do not create a
+merge commit).  When not possible (when the merged-in history is not a
+descendant of the current history), create a merge commit.
++
+With `--no-ff`, create a merge commit in all cases, even when the merge
+could instead be resolved as a fast-forward.
++
+With `--ff-only`, resolve the merge as a fast-forward when possible.
+When not possible, refuse to merge and exit with a non-zero status.
 
 -S[<keyid>]::
 --gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
@@ -105,6 +109,10 @@ option can be used to override --squash.
 +
 With --squash, --commit is not allowed, and will fail.
 
+--no-verify::
+	This option bypasses the pre-merge and commit-msg hooks.
+	See also linkgit:githooks[5].
+
 -s <strategy>::
 --strategy=<strategy>::
 	Use the given merge strategy; can be supplied more than
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
index aa66cbe41e..2912de706b 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ The 'recursive' strategy can take the following options:
 ours;;
 	This option forces conflicting hunks to be auto-resolved cleanly by
 	favoring 'our' version.  Changes from the other tree that do not
-	conflict with our side are reflected to the merge result.
+	conflict with our side are reflected in the merge result.
 	For a binary file, the entire contents are taken from our side.
 +
 This should not be confused with the 'ours' merge strategy, which does not
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
index 079598307a..a4b6f49186 100644
--- a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ PRETTY FORMATS
 If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
 is not 'oneline', 'email' or 'raw', an additional line is
 inserted before the 'Author:' line.  This line begins with
-"Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed,
+"Merge: " and the hashes of ancestral commits are printed,
 separated by spaces.  Note that the listed commits may not
 necessarily be the list of the *direct* parent commits if you
 have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
@@ -20,20 +20,20 @@ built-in formats:
 
 * 'oneline'
 
-	  <sha1> <title line>
+	  <hash> <title line>
 +
 This is designed to be as compact as possible.
 
 * 'short'
 
-	  commit <sha1>
+	  commit <hash>
 	  Author: <author>
 
 	      <title line>
 
 * 'medium'
 
-	  commit <sha1>
+	  commit <hash>
 	  Author: <author>
 	  Date:   <author date>
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ This is designed to be as compact as possible.
 
 * 'full'
 
-	  commit <sha1>
+	  commit <hash>
 	  Author: <author>
 	  Commit: <committer>
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ This is designed to be as compact as possible.
 
 * 'fuller'
 
-	  commit <sha1>
+	  commit <hash>
 	  Author:     <author>
 	  AuthorDate: <author date>
 	  Commit:     <committer>
@@ -63,9 +63,20 @@ This is designed to be as compact as possible.
 
 	       <full commit message>
 
+* 'reference'
+
+	  <abbrev hash> (<title line>, <short author date>)
++
+This format is used to refer to another commit in a commit message and
+is the same as `--pretty='format:%C(auto)%h (%s, %ad)'`.  By default,
+the date is formatted with `--date=short` unless another `--date` option
+is explicitly specified.  As with any `format:` with format
+placeholders, its output is not affected by other options like
+`--decorate` and `--walk-reflogs`.
+
 * 'email'
 
-	  From <sha1> <date>
+	  From <hash> <date>
 	  From: <author>
 	  Date: <author date>
 	  Subject: [PATCH] <title line>
@@ -75,7 +86,7 @@ This is designed to be as compact as possible.
 * 'raw'
 +
 The 'raw' format shows the entire commit exactly as
-stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA-1s are
+stored in the commit object.  Notably, the hashes are
 displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
 --no-abbrev are used, and 'parents' information show the
 true parent commits, without taking grafts or history
@@ -163,24 +174,32 @@ The placeholders are:
 '%ae':: author email
 '%aE':: author email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1]
 	or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+'%al':: author email local-part (the part before the '@' sign)
+'%aL':: author local-part (see '%al') respecting .mailmap, see
+	linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 '%ad':: author date (format respects --date= option)
 '%aD':: author date, RFC2822 style
 '%ar':: author date, relative
 '%at':: author date, UNIX timestamp
 '%ai':: author date, ISO 8601-like format
 '%aI':: author date, strict ISO 8601 format
+'%as':: author date, short format (`YYYY-MM-DD`)
 '%cn':: committer name
 '%cN':: committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
 	linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 '%ce':: committer email
 '%cE':: committer email (respecting .mailmap, see
 	linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+'%cl':: author email local-part (the part before the '@' sign)
+'%cL':: author local-part (see '%cl') respecting .mailmap, see
+	linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 '%cd':: committer date (format respects --date= option)
 '%cD':: committer date, RFC2822 style
 '%cr':: committer date, relative
 '%ct':: committer date, UNIX timestamp
 '%ci':: committer date, ISO 8601-like format
 '%cI':: committer date, strict ISO 8601 format
+'%cs':: committer date, short format (`YYYY-MM-DD`)
 '%d':: ref names, like the --decorate option of linkgit:git-log[1]
 '%D':: ref names without the " (", ")" wrapping.
 '%S':: ref name given on the command line by which the commit was reached
@@ -207,8 +226,9 @@ endif::git-rev-list[]
 '%GF':: show the fingerprint of the key used to sign a signed commit
 '%GP':: show the fingerprint of the primary key whose subkey was used
 	to sign a signed commit
+'%GT':: show the trust level for the key used to sign a signed commit
 '%gD':: reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@{1}` or `refs/stash@{2
-	minutes ago`}; the format follows the rules described for the
+	minutes ago}`; the format follows the rules described for the
 	`-g` option. The portion before the `@` is the refname as
 	given on the command line (so `git log -g refs/heads/master`
 	would yield `refs/heads/master@{0}`).
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
index e44fc8f738..7a6da6db78 100644
--- a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 	Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
 	where '<format>' can be one of 'oneline', 'short', 'medium',
-	'full', 'fuller', 'email', 'raw', 'format:<string>'
+	'full', 'fuller', 'reference', 'email', 'raw', 'format:<string>'
 	and 'tformat:<string>'.  When '<format>' is none of the above,
 	and has '%placeholder' in it, it acts as if
 	'--pretty=tformat:<format>' were given.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ message by 4 spaces (i.e.  'medium', which is the default, 'full',
 and 'fuller').
 
 ifndef::git-rev-list[]
---notes[=<treeish>]::
+--notes[=<ref>]::
 	Show the notes (see linkgit:git-notes[1]) that annotate the
 	commit, when showing the commit log message.  This is the default
 	for `git log`, `git show` and `git whatchanged` commands when
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ By default, the notes shown are from the notes refs listed in the
 `core.notesRef` and `notes.displayRef` variables (or corresponding
 environment overrides). See linkgit:git-config[1] for more details.
 +
-With an optional '<treeish>' argument, use the treeish to find the notes
-to display.  The treeish can specify the full refname when it begins
+With an optional '<ref>' argument, use the ref to find the notes
+to display.  The ref can specify the full refname when it begins
 with `refs/notes/`; when it begins with `notes/`, `refs/` and otherwise
 `refs/notes/` is prefixed to form a full name of the ref.
 +
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ being displayed. Examples: "--notes=foo" will show only notes from
 	"--notes --notes=foo --no-notes --notes=bar" will only show notes
 	from "refs/notes/bar".
 
---show-notes[=<treeish>]::
+--show-notes[=<ref>]::
 --[no-]standard-notes::
 	These options are deprecated. Use the above --notes/--no-notes
 	options instead.
diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
index bb1251c036..bfd02ade99 100644
--- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ endif::git-rev-list[]
 	`--all-match`).
 ifndef::git-rev-list[]
 +
-When `--show-notes` is in effect, the message from the notes is
+When `--notes` is in effect, the message from the notes is
 matched as if it were part of the log message.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ list.
 	exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2',
 	and 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used).
 +
-With `--pretty` format other than `oneline` (for obvious reasons),
+With `--pretty` format other than `oneline` and `reference` (for obvious reasons),
 this causes the output to have two extra lines of information
 taken from the reflog.  The reflog designator in the output may be shown
 as `ref@{Nth}` (where `Nth` is the reverse-chronological index in the
@@ -293,6 +293,8 @@ Under `--pretty=oneline`, the commit message is
 prefixed with this information on the same line.
 This option cannot be combined with `--reverse`.
 See also linkgit:git-reflog[1].
++
+Under `--pretty=reference`, this information will not be shown at all.
 
 --merge::
 	After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a
@@ -579,6 +581,7 @@ above) if (1) they are referenced by tags, or (2) they change the
 contents of the paths given on the command line.  All other
 commits are marked as TREESAME (subject to be simplified away).
 
+ifndef::git-shortlog[]
 ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 Bisection Helpers
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -634,8 +637,9 @@ This option can be used along with `--bisect-vars`, in this case,
 after all the sorted commit objects, there will be the same text as if
 `--bisect-vars` had been used alone.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
+endif::git-shortlog[]
 
-
+ifndef::git-shortlog[]
 Commit Ordering
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -677,7 +681,9 @@ together.
 	Output the commits chosen to be shown (see Commit Limiting
 	section above) in reverse order. Cannot be combined with
 	`--walk-reflogs`.
+endif::git-shortlog[]
 
+ifndef::git-shortlog[]
 Object Traversal
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -756,6 +762,22 @@ explicitly-given commit or tree.
 Note that the form '--filter=sparse:path=<path>' that wants to read
 from an arbitrary path on the filesystem has been dropped for security
 reasons.
++
+Multiple '--filter=' flags can be specified to combine filters. Only
+objects which are accepted by every filter are included.
++
+The form '--filter=combine:<filter1>+<filter2>+...<filterN>' can also be
+used to combined several filters, but this is harder than just repeating
+the '--filter' flag and is usually not necessary. Filters are joined by
+'{plus}' and individual filters are %-encoded (i.e. URL-encoded).
+Besides the '{plus}' and '%' characters, the following characters are
+reserved and also must be encoded: `~!@#$^&*()[]{}\;",<>?`+&#39;&#96;+
+as well as all characters with ASCII code &lt;= `0x20`, which includes
+space and newline.
++
+Other arbitrary characters can also be encoded. For instance,
+'combine:tree:3+blob:none' and 'combine:tree%3A3+blob%3Anone' are
+equivalent.
 
 --no-filter::
 	Turn off any previous `--filter=` argument.
@@ -801,7 +823,9 @@ endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --do-walk::
 	Overrides a previous `--no-walk`.
+endif::git-shortlog[]
 
+ifndef::git-shortlog[]
 Commit Formatting
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -957,7 +981,9 @@ ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 	counts and print the count for equivalent commits separated
 	by a tab.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
+endif::git-shortlog[]
 
+ifndef::git-shortlog[]
 ifndef::git-rev-list[]
 Diff Formatting
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -1000,3 +1026,4 @@ options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
 -t::
 	Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies `-r`.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
+endif::git-shortlog[]
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a59b54844..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-allocation growing API
-======================
-
-Dynamically growing an array using realloc() is error prone and boring.
-
-Define your array with:
-
-* a pointer (`item`) that points at the array, initialized to `NULL`
-  (although please name the variable based on its contents, not on its
-  type);
-
-* an integer variable (`alloc`) that keeps track of how big the current
-  allocation is, initialized to `0`;
-
-* another integer variable (`nr`) to keep track of how many elements the
-  array currently has, initialized to `0`.
-
-Then before adding `n`th element to the item, call `ALLOC_GROW(item, n,
-alloc)`.  This ensures that the array can hold at least `n` elements by
-calling `realloc(3)` and adjusting `alloc` variable.
-
-------------
-sometype *item;
-size_t nr;
-size_t alloc
-
-for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	if (we like item[i] already)
-		return;
-
-/* we did not like any existing one, so add one */
-ALLOC_GROW(item, nr + 1, alloc);
-item[nr++] = value you like;
-------------
-
-You are responsible for updating the `nr` variable.
-
-If you need to specify the number of elements to allocate explicitly
-then use the macro `REALLOC_ARRAY(item, alloc)` instead of `ALLOC_GROW`.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 870c8edbfb..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-argv-array API
-==============
-
-The argv-array API allows one to dynamically build and store
-NULL-terminated lists.  An argv-array maintains the invariant that the
-`argv` member always points to a non-NULL array, and that the array is
-always NULL-terminated at the element pointed to by `argv[argc]`. This
-makes the result suitable for passing to functions expecting to receive
-argv from main(), or the link:api-run-command.html[run-command API].
-
-The string-list API (documented in string-list.h) is similar, but cannot be
-used for these purposes; instead of storing a straight string pointer,
-it contains an item structure with a `util` field that is not compatible
-with the traditional argv interface.
-
-Each `argv_array` manages its own memory. Any strings pushed into the
-array are duplicated, and all memory is freed by argv_array_clear().
-
-Data Structures
----------------
-
-`struct argv_array`::
-
-	A single array. This should be initialized by assignment from
-	`ARGV_ARRAY_INIT`, or by calling `argv_array_init`. The `argv`
-	member contains the actual array; the `argc` member contains the
-	number of elements in the array, not including the terminating
-	NULL.
-
-Functions
----------
-
-`argv_array_init`::
-	Initialize an array. This is no different than assigning from
-	`ARGV_ARRAY_INIT`.
-
-`argv_array_push`::
-	Push a copy of a string onto the end of the array.
-
-`argv_array_pushl`::
-	Push a list of strings onto the end of the array. The arguments
-	should be a list of `const char *` strings, terminated by a NULL
-	argument.
-
-`argv_array_pushf`::
-	Format a string and push it onto the end of the array. This is a
-	convenience wrapper combining `strbuf_addf` and `argv_array_push`.
-
-`argv_array_pushv`::
-	Push a null-terminated array of strings onto the end of the array.
-
-`argv_array_pop`::
-	Remove the final element from the array. If there are no
-	elements in the array, do nothing.
-
-`argv_array_clear`::
-	Free all memory associated with the array and return it to the
-	initial, empty state.
-
-`argv_array_detach`::
-	Disconnect the `argv` member from the `argv_array` struct and
-	return it. The caller is responsible for freeing the memory used
-	by the array, and by the strings it references. After detaching,
-	the `argv_array` is in a reinitialized state and can be pushed
-	into again.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d20716c32..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,319 +0,0 @@
-config API
-==========
-
-The config API gives callers a way to access Git configuration files
-(and files which have the same syntax). See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
-discussion of the config file syntax.
-
-General Usage
--------------
-
-Config files are parsed linearly, and each variable found is passed to a
-caller-provided callback function. The callback function is responsible
-for any actions to be taken on the config option, and is free to ignore
-some options. It is not uncommon for the configuration to be parsed
-several times during the run of a Git program, with different callbacks
-picking out different variables useful to themselves.
-
-A config callback function takes three parameters:
-
-- the name of the parsed variable. This is in canonical "flat" form: the
-  section, subsection, and variable segments will be separated by dots,
-  and the section and variable segments will be all lowercase. E.g.,
-  `core.ignorecase`, `diff.SomeType.textconv`.
-
-- the value of the found variable, as a string. If the variable had no
-  value specified, the value will be NULL (typically this means it
-  should be interpreted as boolean true).
-
-- a void pointer passed in by the caller of the config API; this can
-  contain callback-specific data
-
-A config callback should return 0 for success, or -1 if the variable
-could not be parsed properly.
-
-Basic Config Querying
----------------------
-
-Most programs will simply want to look up variables in all config files
-that Git knows about, using the normal precedence rules. To do this,
-call `git_config` with a callback function and void data pointer.
-
-`git_config` will read all config sources in order of increasing
-priority. Thus a callback should typically overwrite previously-seen
-entries with new ones (e.g., if both the user-wide `~/.gitconfig` and
-repo-specific `.git/config` contain `color.ui`, the config machinery
-will first feed the user-wide one to the callback, and then the
-repo-specific one; by overwriting, the higher-priority repo-specific
-value is left at the end).
-
-The `config_with_options` function lets the caller examine config
-while adjusting some of the default behavior of `git_config`. It should
-almost never be used by "regular" Git code that is looking up
-configuration variables. It is intended for advanced callers like
-`git-config`, which are intentionally tweaking the normal config-lookup
-process. It takes two extra parameters:
-
-`config_source`::
-If this parameter is non-NULL, it specifies the source to parse for
-configuration, rather than looking in the usual files. See `struct
-git_config_source` in `config.h` for details. Regular `git_config` defaults
-to `NULL`.
-
-`opts`::
-Specify options to adjust the behavior of parsing config files. See `struct
-config_options` in `config.h` for details. As an example: regular `git_config`
-sets `opts.respect_includes` to `1` by default.
-
-Reading Specific Files
-----------------------
-
-To read a specific file in git-config format, use
-`git_config_from_file`. This takes the same callback and data parameters
-as `git_config`.
-
-Querying For Specific Variables
--------------------------------
-
-For programs wanting to query for specific variables in a non-callback
-manner, the config API provides two functions `git_config_get_value`
-and `git_config_get_value_multi`. They both read values from an internal
-cache generated previously from reading the config files.
-
-`int git_config_get_value(const char *key, const char **value)`::
-
-	Finds the highest-priority value for the configuration variable `key`,
-	stores the pointer to it in `value` and returns 0. When the
-	configuration variable `key` is not found, returns 1 without touching
-	`value`. The caller should not free or modify `value`, as it is owned
-	by the cache.
-
-`const struct string_list *git_config_get_value_multi(const char *key)`::
-
-	Finds and returns the value list, sorted in order of increasing priority
-	for the configuration variable `key`. When the configuration variable
-	`key` is not found, returns NULL. The caller should not free or modify
-	the returned pointer, as it is owned by the cache.
-
-`void git_config_clear(void)`::
-
-	Resets and invalidates the config cache.
-
-The config API also provides type specific API functions which do conversion
-as well as retrieval for the queried variable, including:
-
-`int git_config_get_int(const char *key, int *dest)`::
-
-	Finds and parses the value to an integer for the configuration variable
-	`key`. Dies on error; otherwise, stores the value of the parsed integer in
-	`dest` and returns 0. When the configuration variable `key` is not found,
-	returns 1 without touching `dest`.
-
-`int git_config_get_ulong(const char *key, unsigned long *dest)`::
-
-	Similar to `git_config_get_int` but for unsigned longs.
-
-`int git_config_get_bool(const char *key, int *dest)`::
-
-	Finds and parses the value into a boolean value, for the configuration
-	variable `key` respecting keywords like "true" and "false". Integer
-	values are converted into true/false values (when they are non-zero or
-	zero, respectively). Other values cause a die(). If parsing is successful,
-	stores the value of the parsed result in `dest` and returns 0. When the
-	configuration variable `key` is not found, returns 1 without touching
-	`dest`.
-
-`int git_config_get_bool_or_int(const char *key, int *is_bool, int *dest)`::
-
-	Similar to `git_config_get_bool`, except that integers are copied as-is,
-	and `is_bool` flag is unset.
-
-`int git_config_get_maybe_bool(const char *key, int *dest)`::
-
-	Similar to `git_config_get_bool`, except that it returns -1 on error
-	rather than dying.
-
-`int git_config_get_string_const(const char *key, const char **dest)`::
-
-	Allocates and copies the retrieved string into the `dest` parameter for
-	the configuration variable `key`; if NULL string is given, prints an
-	error message and returns -1. When the configuration variable `key` is
-	not found, returns 1 without touching `dest`.
-
-`int git_config_get_string(const char *key, char **dest)`::
-
-	Similar to `git_config_get_string_const`, except that retrieved value
-	copied into the `dest` parameter is a mutable string.
-
-`int git_config_get_pathname(const char *key, const char **dest)`::
-
-	Similar to `git_config_get_string`, but expands `~` or `~user` into
-	the user's home directory when found at the beginning of the path.
-
-`git_die_config(const char *key, const char *err, ...)`::
-
-	First prints the error message specified by the caller in `err` and then
-	dies printing the line number and the file name of the highest priority
-	value for the configuration variable `key`.
-
-`void git_die_config_linenr(const char *key, const char *filename, int linenr)`::
-
-	Helper function which formats the die error message according to the
-	parameters entered. Used by `git_die_config()`. It can be used by callers
-	handling `git_config_get_value_multi()` to print the correct error message
-	for the desired value.
-
-See test-config.c for usage examples.
-
-Value Parsing Helpers
----------------------
-
-To aid in parsing string values, the config API provides callbacks with
-a number of helper functions, including:
-
-`git_config_int`::
-Parse the string to an integer, including unit factors. Dies on error;
-otherwise, returns the parsed result.
-
-`git_config_ulong`::
-Identical to `git_config_int`, but for unsigned longs.
-
-`git_config_bool`::
-Parse a string into a boolean value, respecting keywords like "true" and
-"false". Integer values are converted into true/false values (when they
-are non-zero or zero, respectively). Other values cause a die(). If
-parsing is successful, the return value is the result.
-
-`git_config_bool_or_int`::
-Same as `git_config_bool`, except that integers are returned as-is, and
-an `is_bool` flag is unset.
-
-`git_parse_maybe_bool`::
-Same as `git_config_bool`, except that it returns -1 on error rather
-than dying.
-
-`git_config_string`::
-Allocates and copies the value string into the `dest` parameter; if no
-string is given, prints an error message and returns -1.
-
-`git_config_pathname`::
-Similar to `git_config_string`, but expands `~` or `~user` into the
-user's home directory when found at the beginning of the path.
-
-Include Directives
-------------------
-
-By default, the config parser does not respect include directives.
-However, a caller can use the special `git_config_include` wrapper
-callback to support them. To do so, you simply wrap your "real" callback
-function and data pointer in a `struct config_include_data`, and pass
-the wrapper to the regular config-reading functions. For example:
-
--------------------------------------------
-int read_file_with_include(const char *file, config_fn_t fn, void *data)
-{
-	struct config_include_data inc = CONFIG_INCLUDE_INIT;
-	inc.fn = fn;
-	inc.data = data;
-	return git_config_from_file(git_config_include, file, &inc);
-}
--------------------------------------------
-
-`git_config` respects includes automatically. The lower-level
-`git_config_from_file` does not.
-
-Custom Configsets
------------------
-
-A `config_set` can be used to construct an in-memory cache for
-config-like files that the caller specifies (i.e., files like `.gitmodules`,
-`~/.gitconfig` etc.). For example,
-
-----------------------------------------
-struct config_set gm_config;
-git_configset_init(&gm_config);
-int b;
-/* we add config files to the config_set */
-git_configset_add_file(&gm_config, ".gitmodules");
-git_configset_add_file(&gm_config, ".gitmodules_alt");
-
-if (!git_configset_get_bool(gm_config, "submodule.frotz.ignore", &b)) {
-	/* hack hack hack */
-}
-
-/* when we are done with the configset */
-git_configset_clear(&gm_config);
-----------------------------------------
-
-Configset API provides functions for the above mentioned work flow, including:
-
-`void git_configset_init(struct config_set *cs)`::
-
-	Initializes the config_set `cs`.
-
-`int git_configset_add_file(struct config_set *cs, const char *filename)`::
-
-	Parses the file and adds the variable-value pairs to the `config_set`,
-	dies if there is an error in parsing the file. Returns 0 on success, or
-	-1 if the file does not exist or is inaccessible. The user has to decide
-	if he wants to free the incomplete configset or continue using it when
-	the function returns -1.
-
-`int git_configset_get_value(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **value)`::
-
-	Finds the highest-priority value for the configuration variable `key`
-	and config set `cs`, stores the pointer to it in `value` and returns 0.
-	When the configuration variable `key` is not found, returns 1 without
-	touching `value`. The caller should not free or modify `value`, as it
-	is owned by the cache.
-
-`const struct string_list *git_configset_get_value_multi(struct config_set *cs, const char *key)`::
-
-	Finds and returns the value list, sorted in order of increasing priority
-	for the configuration variable `key` and config set `cs`. When the
-	configuration variable `key` is not found, returns NULL. The caller
-	should not free or modify the returned pointer, as it is owned by the cache.
-
-`void git_configset_clear(struct config_set *cs)`::
-
-	Clears `config_set` structure, removes all saved variable-value pairs.
-
-In addition to above functions, the `config_set` API provides type specific
-functions in the vein of `git_config_get_int` and family but with an extra
-parameter, pointer to struct `config_set`.
-They all behave similarly to the `git_config_get*()` family described in
-"Querying For Specific Variables" above.
-
-Writing Config Files
---------------------
-
-Git gives multiple entry points in the Config API to write config values to
-files namely `git_config_set_in_file` and `git_config_set`, which write to
-a specific config file or to `.git/config` respectively. They both take a
-key/value pair as parameter.
-In the end they both call `git_config_set_multivar_in_file` which takes four
-parameters:
-
-- the name of the file, as a string, to which key/value pairs will be written.
-
-- the name of key, as a string. This is in canonical "flat" form: the section,
-  subsection, and variable segments will be separated by dots, and the section
-  and variable segments will be all lowercase.
-  E.g., `core.ignorecase`, `diff.SomeType.textconv`.
-
-- the value of the variable, as a string. If value is equal to NULL, it will
-  remove the matching key from the config file.
-
-- the value regex, as a string. It will disregard key/value pairs where value
-  does not match.
-
-- a multi_replace value, as an int. If value is equal to zero, nothing or only
-  one matching key/value is replaced, else all matching key/values (regardless
-  how many) are removed, before the new pair is written.
-
-It returns 0 on success.
-
-Also, there are functions `git_config_rename_section` and
-`git_config_rename_section_in_file` with parameters `old_name` and `new_name`
-for renaming or removing sections in the config files. If NULL is passed
-through `new_name` parameter, the section will be removed from the config file.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 75368f26ca..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,271 +0,0 @@
-credentials API
-===============
-
-The credentials API provides an abstracted way of gathering username and
-password credentials from the user (even though credentials in the wider
-world can take many forms, in this document the word "credential" always
-refers to a username and password pair).
-
-This document describes two interfaces: the C API that the credential
-subsystem provides to the rest of Git, and the protocol that Git uses to
-communicate with system-specific "credential helpers". If you are
-writing Git code that wants to look up or prompt for credentials, see
-the section "C API" below. If you want to write your own helper, see
-the section on "Credential Helpers" below.
-
-Typical setup
--------------
-
-------------
-+-----------------------+
-| Git code (C)          |--- to server requiring --->
-|                       |        authentication
-|.......................|
-| C credential API      |--- prompt ---> User
-+-----------------------+
-	^      |
-	| pipe |
-	|      v
-+-----------------------+
-| Git credential helper |
-+-----------------------+
-------------
-
-The Git code (typically a remote-helper) will call the C API to obtain
-credential data like a login/password pair (credential_fill). The
-API will itself call a remote helper (e.g. "git credential-cache" or
-"git credential-store") that may retrieve credential data from a
-store. If the credential helper cannot find the information, the C API
-will prompt the user. Then, the caller of the API takes care of
-contacting the server, and does the actual authentication.
-
-C API
------
-
-The credential C API is meant to be called by Git code which needs to
-acquire or store a credential. It is centered around an object
-representing a single credential and provides three basic operations:
-fill (acquire credentials by calling helpers and/or prompting the user),
-approve (mark a credential as successfully used so that it can be stored
-for later use), and reject (mark a credential as unsuccessful so that it
-can be erased from any persistent storage).
-
-Data Structures
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-`struct credential`::
-
-	This struct represents a single username/password combination
-	along with any associated context. All string fields should be
-	heap-allocated (or NULL if they are not known or not applicable).
-	The meaning of the individual context fields is the same as
-	their counterparts in the helper protocol; see the section below
-	for a description of each field.
-+
-The `helpers` member of the struct is a `string_list` of helpers.  Each
-string specifies an external helper which will be run, in order, to
-either acquire or store credentials. See the section on credential
-helpers below. This list is filled-in by the API functions
-according to the corresponding configuration variables before
-consulting helpers, so there usually is no need for a caller to
-modify the helpers field at all.
-+
-This struct should always be initialized with `CREDENTIAL_INIT` or
-`credential_init`.
-
-
-Functions
-~~~~~~~~~
-
-`credential_init`::
-
-	Initialize a credential structure, setting all fields to empty.
-
-`credential_clear`::
-
-	Free any resources associated with the credential structure,
-	returning it to a pristine initialized state.
-
-`credential_fill`::
-
-	Instruct the credential subsystem to fill the username and
-	password fields of the passed credential struct by first
-	consulting helpers, then asking the user. After this function
-	returns, the username and password fields of the credential are
-	guaranteed to be non-NULL. If an error occurs, the function will
-	die().
-
-`credential_reject`::
-
-	Inform the credential subsystem that the provided credentials
-	have been rejected. This will cause the credential subsystem to
-	notify any helpers of the rejection (which allows them, for
-	example, to purge the invalid credentials from storage).  It
-	will also free() the username and password fields of the
-	credential and set them to NULL (readying the credential for
-	another call to `credential_fill`). Any errors from helpers are
-	ignored.
-
-`credential_approve`::
-
-	Inform the credential subsystem that the provided credentials
-	were successfully used for authentication.  This will cause the
-	credential subsystem to notify any helpers of the approval, so
-	that they may store the result to be used again.  Any errors
-	from helpers are ignored.
-
-`credential_from_url`::
-
-	Parse a URL into broken-down credential fields.
-
-Example
-~~~~~~~
-
-The example below shows how the functions of the credential API could be
-used to login to a fictitious "foo" service on a remote host:
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-int foo_login(struct foo_connection *f)
-{
-	int status;
-	/*
-	 * Create a credential with some context; we don't yet know the
-	 * username or password.
-	 */
-
-	struct credential c = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
-	c.protocol = xstrdup("foo");
-	c.host = xstrdup(f->hostname);
-
-	/*
-	 * Fill in the username and password fields by contacting
-	 * helpers and/or asking the user. The function will die if it
-	 * fails.
-	 */
-	credential_fill(&c);
-
-	/*
-	 * Otherwise, we have a username and password. Try to use it.
-	 */
-	status = send_foo_login(f, c.username, c.password);
-	switch (status) {
-	case FOO_OK:
-		/* It worked. Store the credential for later use. */
-		credential_accept(&c);
-		break;
-	case FOO_BAD_LOGIN:
-		/* Erase the credential from storage so we don't try it
-		 * again. */
-		credential_reject(&c);
-		break;
-	default:
-		/*
-		 * Some other error occurred. We don't know if the
-		 * credential is good or bad, so report nothing to the
-		 * credential subsystem.
-		 */
-	}
-
-	/* Free any associated resources. */
-	credential_clear(&c);
-
-	return status;
-}
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-Credential Helpers
-------------------
-
-Credential helpers are programs executed by Git to fetch or save
-credentials from and to long-term storage (where "long-term" is simply
-longer than a single Git process; e.g., credentials may be stored
-in-memory for a few minutes, or indefinitely on disk).
-
-Each helper is specified by a single string in the configuration
-variable `credential.helper` (and others, see linkgit:git-config[1]).
-The string is transformed by Git into a command to be executed using
-these rules:
-
-  1. If the helper string begins with "!", it is considered a shell
-     snippet, and everything after the "!" becomes the command.
-
-  2. Otherwise, if the helper string begins with an absolute path, the
-     verbatim helper string becomes the command.
-
-  3. Otherwise, the string "git credential-" is prepended to the helper
-     string, and the result becomes the command.
-
-The resulting command then has an "operation" argument appended to it
-(see below for details), and the result is executed by the shell.
-
-Here are some example specifications:
-
-----------------------------------------------------
-# run "git credential-foo"
-foo
-
-# same as above, but pass an argument to the helper
-foo --bar=baz
-
-# the arguments are parsed by the shell, so use shell
-# quoting if necessary
-foo --bar="whitespace arg"
-
-# you can also use an absolute path, which will not use the git wrapper
-/path/to/my/helper --with-arguments
-
-# or you can specify your own shell snippet
-!f() { echo "password=`cat $HOME/.secret`"; }; f
-----------------------------------------------------
-
-Generally speaking, rule (3) above is the simplest for users to specify.
-Authors of credential helpers should make an effort to assist their
-users by naming their program "git-credential-$NAME", and putting it in
-the $PATH or $GIT_EXEC_PATH during installation, which will allow a user
-to enable it with `git config credential.helper $NAME`.
-
-When a helper is executed, it will have one "operation" argument
-appended to its command line, which is one of:
-
-`get`::
-
-	Return a matching credential, if any exists.
-
-`store`::
-
-	Store the credential, if applicable to the helper.
-
-`erase`::
-
-	Remove a matching credential, if any, from the helper's storage.
-
-The details of the credential will be provided on the helper's stdin
-stream. The exact format is the same as the input/output format of the
-`git credential` plumbing command (see the section `INPUT/OUTPUT
-FORMAT` in linkgit:git-credential[1] for a detailed specification).
-
-For a `get` operation, the helper should produce a list of attributes
-on stdout in the same format. A helper is free to produce a subset, or
-even no values at all if it has nothing useful to provide. Any provided
-attributes will overwrite those already known about by Git.  If a helper
-outputs a `quit` attribute with a value of `true` or `1`, no further
-helpers will be consulted, nor will the user be prompted (if no
-credential has been provided, the operation will then fail).
-
-For a `store` or `erase` operation, the helper's output is ignored.
-If it fails to perform the requested operation, it may complain to
-stderr to inform the user. If it does not support the requested
-operation (e.g., a read-only store), it should silently ignore the
-request.
-
-If a helper receives any other operation, it should silently ignore the
-request. This leaves room for future operations to be added (older
-helpers will just ignore the new requests).
-
-See also
---------
-
-linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
-
-linkgit:git-config[1] (See configuration variables `credential.*`)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 30fc0e9c93..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,174 +0,0 @@
-diff API
-========
-
-The diff API is for programs that compare two sets of files (e.g. two
-trees, one tree and the index) and present the found difference in
-various ways.  The calling program is responsible for feeding the API
-pairs of files, one from the "old" set and the corresponding one from
-"new" set, that are different.  The library called through this API is
-called diffcore, and is responsible for two things.
-
-* finding total rewrites (`-B`), renames (`-M`) and copies (`-C`), and
-  changes that touch a string (`-S`), as specified by the caller.
-
-* outputting the differences in various formats, as specified by the
-  caller.
-
-Calling sequence
-----------------
-
-* Prepare `struct diff_options` to record the set of diff options, and
-  then call `repo_diff_setup()` to initialize this structure.  This
-  sets up the vanilla default.
-
-* Fill in the options structure to specify desired output format, rename
-  detection, etc.  `diff_opt_parse()` can be used to parse options given
-  from the command line in a way consistent with existing git-diff
-  family of programs.
-
-* Call `diff_setup_done()`; this inspects the options set up so far for
-  internal consistency and make necessary tweaking to it (e.g. if
-  textual patch output was asked, recursive behaviour is turned on);
-  the callback set_default in diff_options can be used to tweak this more.
-
-* As you find different pairs of files, call `diff_change()` to feed
-  modified files, `diff_addremove()` to feed created or deleted files,
-  or `diff_unmerge()` to feed a file whose state is 'unmerged' to the
-  API.  These are thin wrappers to a lower-level `diff_queue()` function
-  that is flexible enough to record any of these kinds of changes.
-
-* Once you finish feeding the pairs of files, call `diffcore_std()`.
-  This will tell the diffcore library to go ahead and do its work.
-
-* Calling `diff_flush()` will produce the output.
-
-
-Data structures
----------------
-
-* `struct diff_filespec`
-
-This is the internal representation for a single file (blob).  It
-records the blob object name (if known -- for a work tree file it
-typically is a NUL SHA-1), filemode and pathname.  This is what the
-`diff_addremove()`, `diff_change()` and `diff_unmerge()` synthesize and
-feed `diff_queue()` function with.
-
-* `struct diff_filepair`
-
-This records a pair of `struct diff_filespec`; the filespec for a file
-in the "old" set (i.e. preimage) is called `one`, and the filespec for a
-file in the "new" set (i.e. postimage) is called `two`.  A change that
-represents file creation has NULL in `one`, and file deletion has NULL
-in `two`.
-
-A `filepair` starts pointing at `one` and `two` that are from the same
-filename, but `diffcore_std()` can break pairs and match component
-filespecs with other filespecs from a different filepair to form new
-filepair.  This is called 'rename detection'.
-
-* `struct diff_queue`
-
-This is a collection of filepairs.  Notable members are:
-
-`queue`::
-
-	An array of pointers to `struct diff_filepair`.  This
-	dynamically grows as you add filepairs;
-
-`alloc`::
-
-	The allocated size of the `queue` array;
-
-`nr`::
-
-	The number of elements in the `queue` array.
-
-
-* `struct diff_options`
-
-This describes the set of options the calling program wants to affect
-the operation of diffcore library with.
-
-Notable members are:
-
-`output_format`::
-	The output format used when `diff_flush()` is run.
-
-`context`::
-	Number of context lines to generate in patch output.
-
-`break_opt`, `detect_rename`, `rename-score`, `rename_limit`::
-	Affects the way detection logic for complete rewrites, renames
-	and copies.
-
-`abbrev`::
-	Number of hexdigits to abbreviate raw format output to.
-
-`pickaxe`::
-	A constant string (can and typically does contain newlines to
-	look for a block of text, not just a single line) to filter out
-	the filepairs that do not change the number of strings contained
-	in its preimage and postimage of the diff_queue.
-
-`flags`::
-	This is mostly a collection of boolean options that affects the
-	operation, but some do not have anything to do with the diffcore
-	library.
-
-`touched_flags`::
-	Records whether a flag has been changed due to user request
-	(rather than just set/unset by default).
-
-`set_default`::
-	Callback which allows tweaking the options in diff_setup_done().
-
-BINARY, TEXT;;
-	Affects the way how a file that is seemingly binary is treated.
-
-FULL_INDEX;;
-	Tells the patch output format not to use abbreviated object
-	names on the "index" lines.
-
-FIND_COPIES_HARDER;;
-	Tells the diffcore library that the caller is feeding unchanged
-	filepairs to allow copies from unmodified files be detected.
-
-COLOR_DIFF;;
-	Output should be colored.
-
-COLOR_DIFF_WORDS;;
-	Output is a colored word-diff.
-
-NO_INDEX;;
-	Tells diff-files that the input is not tracked files but files
-	in random locations on the filesystem.
-
-ALLOW_EXTERNAL;;
-	Tells output routine that it is Ok to call user specified patch
-	output routine.  Plumbing disables this to ensure stable output.
-
-QUIET;;
-	Do not show any output.
-
-REVERSE_DIFF;;
-	Tells the library that the calling program is feeding the
-	filepairs reversed; `one` is two, and `two` is one.
-
-EXIT_WITH_STATUS;;
-	For communication between the calling program and the options
-	parser; tell the calling program to signal the presence of
-	difference using program exit code.
-
-HAS_CHANGES;;
-	Internal; used for optimization to see if there is any change.
-
-SILENT_ON_REMOVE;;
-	Affects if diff-files shows removed files.
-
-RECURSIVE, TREE_IN_RECURSIVE;;
-	Tells if tree traversal done by tree-diff should recursively
-	descend into a tree object pair that are different in preimage
-	and postimage set.
-
-(JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 5abb8e8b1f..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-directory listing API
-=====================
-
-The directory listing API is used to enumerate paths in the work tree,
-optionally taking `.git/info/exclude` and `.gitignore` files per
-directory into account.
-
-Data structure
---------------
-
-`struct dir_struct` structure is used to pass directory traversal
-options to the library and to record the paths discovered.  A single
-`struct dir_struct` is used regardless of whether or not the traversal
-recursively descends into subdirectories.
-
-The notable options are:
-
-`exclude_per_dir`::
-
-	The name of the file to be read in each directory for excluded
-	files (typically `.gitignore`).
-
-`flags`::
-
-	A bit-field of options:
-
-`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`:::
-
-	Return just ignored files in `entries[]`, not untracked
-	files. This flag is mutually exclusive with
-	`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO`.
-
-`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO`:::
-
-	Similar to `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`, but return ignored files in
-	`ignored[]` in addition to untracked files in
-	`entries[]`. This flag is mutually exclusive with
-	`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`.
-
-`DIR_KEEP_UNTRACKED_CONTENTS`:::
-
-	Only has meaning if `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO` is also set; if this is set, the
-	untracked contents of untracked directories are also returned in
-	`entries[]`.
-
-`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO_MODE_MATCHING`:::
-
-	Only has meaning if `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO` is also set; if
-	this is set, returns ignored files and directories that match
-	an exclude pattern. If a directory matches an exclude pattern,
-	then the directory is returned and the contained paths are
-	not. A directory that does not match an exclude pattern will
-	not be returned even if all of its contents are ignored. In
-	this case, the contents are returned as individual entries.
-+
-If this is set, files and directories that explicitly match an ignore
-pattern are reported. Implicitly ignored directories (directories that
-do not match an ignore pattern, but whose contents are all ignored)
-are not reported, instead all of the contents are reported.
-
-`DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED`:::
-
-	Special mode for git-add. Return ignored files in `ignored[]` and
-	untracked files in `entries[]`. Only returns ignored files that match
-	pathspec exactly (no wildcards). Does not recurse into ignored
-	directories.
-
-`DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES`:::
-
-	Include a directory that is not tracked.
-
-`DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES`:::
-
-	Do not include a directory that is not tracked and is empty.
-
-`DIR_NO_GITLINKS`:::
-
-	If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a Git
-	directory.  Otherwise it is shown as a directory.
-
-The result of the enumeration is left in these fields:
-
-`entries[]`::
-
-	An array of `struct dir_entry`, each element of which describes
-	a path.
-
-`nr`::
-
-	The number of members in `entries[]` array.
-
-`alloc`::
-
-	Internal use; keeps track of allocation of `entries[]` array.
-
-`ignored[]`::
-
-	An array of `struct dir_entry`, used for ignored paths with the
-	`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO` and `DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED` flags.
-
-`ignored_nr`::
-
-	The number of members in `ignored[]` array.
-
-Calling sequence
-----------------
-
-Note: index may be looked at for .gitignore files that are CE_SKIP_WORKTREE
-marked. If you to exclude files, make sure you have loaded index first.
-
-* Prepare `struct dir_struct dir` and clear it with `memset(&dir, 0,
-  sizeof(dir))`.
-
-* To add single exclude pattern, call `add_exclude_list()` and then
-  `add_exclude()`.
-
-* To add patterns from a file (e.g. `.git/info/exclude`), call
-  `add_excludes_from_file()` , and/or set `dir.exclude_per_dir`.  A
-  short-hand function `setup_standard_excludes()` can be used to set
-  up the standard set of exclude settings.
-
-* Set options described in the Data Structure section above.
-
-* Call `read_directory()`.
-
-* Use `dir.entries[]`.
-
-* Call `clear_directory()` when none of the contained elements are no longer in use.
-
-(JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 45f0df600f..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-gitattributes API
-=================
-
-gitattributes mechanism gives a uniform way to associate various
-attributes to set of paths.
-
-
-Data Structure
---------------
-
-`struct git_attr`::
-
-	An attribute is an opaque object that is identified by its name.
-	Pass the name to `git_attr()` function to obtain the object of
-	this type.  The internal representation of this structure is
-	of no interest to the calling programs.  The name of the
-	attribute can be retrieved by calling `git_attr_name()`.
-
-`struct attr_check_item`::
-
-	This structure represents one attribute and its value.
-
-`struct attr_check`::
-
-	This structure represents a collection of `attr_check_item`.
-	It is passed to `git_check_attr()` function, specifying the
-	attributes to check, and receives their values.
-
-
-Attribute Values
-----------------
-
-An attribute for a path can be in one of four states: Set, Unset,
-Unspecified or set to a string, and `.value` member of `struct
-attr_check_item` records it.  There are three macros to check these:
-
-`ATTR_TRUE()`::
-
-	Returns true if the attribute is Set for the path.
-
-`ATTR_FALSE()`::
-
-	Returns true if the attribute is Unset for the path.
-
-`ATTR_UNSET()`::
-
-	Returns true if the attribute is Unspecified for the path.
-
-If none of the above returns true, `.value` member points at a string
-value of the attribute for the path.
-
-
-Querying Specific Attributes
-----------------------------
-
-* Prepare `struct attr_check` using attr_check_initl()
-  function, enumerating the names of attributes whose values you are
-  interested in, terminated with a NULL pointer.  Alternatively, an
-  empty `struct attr_check` can be prepared by calling
-  `attr_check_alloc()` function and then attributes you want to
-  ask about can be added to it with `attr_check_append()`
-  function.
-
-* Call `git_check_attr()` to check the attributes for the path.
-
-* Inspect `attr_check` structure to see how each of the
-  attribute in the array is defined for the path.
-
-
-Example
--------
-
-To see how attributes "crlf" and "ident" are set for different paths.
-
-. Prepare a `struct attr_check` with two elements (because
-  we are checking two attributes):
-
-------------
-static struct attr_check *check;
-static void setup_check(void)
-{
-	if (check)
-		return; /* already done */
-	check = attr_check_initl("crlf", "ident", NULL);
-}
-------------
-
-. Call `git_check_attr()` with the prepared `struct attr_check`:
-
-------------
-	const char *path;
-
-	setup_check();
-	git_check_attr(path, check);
-------------
-
-. Act on `.value` member of the result, left in `check->items[]`:
-
-------------
-	const char *value = check->items[0].value;
-
-	if (ATTR_TRUE(value)) {
-		The attribute is Set, by listing only the name of the
-		attribute in the gitattributes file for the path.
-	} else if (ATTR_FALSE(value)) {
-		The attribute is Unset, by listing the name of the
-		attribute prefixed with a dash - for the path.
-	} else if (ATTR_UNSET(value)) {
-		The attribute is neither set nor unset for the path.
-	} else if (!strcmp(value, "input")) {
-		If none of ATTR_TRUE(), ATTR_FALSE(), or ATTR_UNSET() is
-		true, the value is a string set in the gitattributes
-		file for the path by saying "attr=value".
-	} else if (... other check using value as string ...) {
-		...
-	}
-------------
-
-To see how attributes in argv[] are set for different paths, only
-the first step in the above would be different.
-
-------------
-static struct attr_check *check;
-static void setup_check(const char **argv)
-{
-	check = attr_check_alloc();
-	while (*argv) {
-		struct git_attr *attr = git_attr(*argv);
-		attr_check_append(check, attr);
-		argv++;
-	}
-}
-------------
-
-
-Querying All Attributes
------------------------
-
-To get the values of all attributes associated with a file:
-
-* Prepare an empty `attr_check` structure by calling
-  `attr_check_alloc()`.
-
-* Call `git_all_attrs()`, which populates the `attr_check`
-  with the attributes attached to the path.
-
-* Iterate over the `attr_check.items[]` array to examine
-  the attribute names and values.  The name of the attribute
-  described by an `attr_check.items[]` object can be retrieved via
-  `git_attr_name(check->items[i].attr)`.  (Please note that no items
-  will be returned for unset attributes, so `ATTR_UNSET()` will return
-  false for all returned `attr_check.items[]` objects.)
-
-* Free the `attr_check` struct by calling `attr_check_free()`.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-grep.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-grep.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index a69cc8964d..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-grep.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-grep API
-========
-
-Talk about <grep.h>, things like:
-
-* grep_buffer()
-
-(JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index d0d1707c8c..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-history graph API
-=================
-
-The graph API is used to draw a text-based representation of the commit
-history.  The API generates the graph in a line-by-line fashion.
-
-Functions
----------
-
-Core functions:
-
-* `graph_init()` creates a new `struct git_graph`
-
-* `graph_update()` moves the graph to a new commit.
-
-* `graph_next_line()` outputs the next line of the graph into a strbuf.  It
-  does not add a terminating newline.
-
-* `graph_padding_line()` outputs a line of vertical padding in the graph.  It
-  is similar to `graph_next_line()`, but is guaranteed to never print the line
-  containing the current commit.  Where `graph_next_line()` would print the
-  commit line next, `graph_padding_line()` prints a line that simply extends
-  all branch lines downwards one row, leaving their positions unchanged.
-
-* `graph_is_commit_finished()` determines if the graph has output all lines
-  necessary for the current commit.  If `graph_update()` is called before all
-  lines for the current commit have been printed, the next call to
-  `graph_next_line()` will output an ellipsis, to indicate that a portion of
-  the graph was omitted.
-
-The following utility functions are wrappers around `graph_next_line()` and
-`graph_is_commit_finished()`.  They always print the output to stdout.
-They can all be called with a NULL graph argument, in which case no graph
-output will be printed.
-
-* `graph_show_commit()` calls `graph_next_line()` and
-  `graph_is_commit_finished()` until one of them return non-zero.  This prints
-  all graph lines up to, and including, the line containing this commit.
-  Output is printed to stdout.  The last line printed does not contain a
-  terminating newline.
-
-* `graph_show_oneline()` calls `graph_next_line()` and prints the result to
-  stdout.  The line printed does not contain a terminating newline.
-
-* `graph_show_padding()` calls `graph_padding_line()` and prints the result to
-  stdout.  The line printed does not contain a terminating newline.
-
-* `graph_show_remainder()` calls `graph_next_line()` until
-  `graph_is_commit_finished()` returns non-zero.  Output is printed to stdout.
-  The last line printed does not contain a terminating newline.  Returns 1 if
-  output was printed, and 0 if no output was necessary.
-
-* `graph_show_strbuf()` prints the specified strbuf to stdout, prefixing all
-  lines but the first with a graph line.  The caller is responsible for
-  ensuring graph output for the first line has already been printed to stdout.
-  (This can be done with `graph_show_commit()` or `graph_show_oneline()`.)  If
-  a NULL graph is supplied, the strbuf is printed as-is.
-
-* `graph_show_commit_msg()` is similar to `graph_show_strbuf()`, but it also
-  prints the remainder of the graph, if more lines are needed after the strbuf
-  ends.  It is better than directly calling `graph_show_strbuf()` followed by
-  `graph_show_remainder()` since it properly handles buffers that do not end in
-  a terminating newline.  The output printed by `graph_show_commit_msg()` will
-  end in a newline if and only if the strbuf ends in a newline.
-
-Data structure
---------------
-`struct git_graph` is an opaque data type used to store the current graph
-state.
-
-Calling sequence
-----------------
-
-* Create a `struct git_graph` by calling `graph_init()`.  When using the
-  revision walking API, this is done automatically by `setup_revisions()` if
-  the '--graph' option is supplied.
-
-* Use the revision walking API to walk through a group of contiguous commits.
-  The `get_revision()` function automatically calls `graph_update()` each time
-  it is invoked.
-
-* For each commit, call `graph_next_line()` repeatedly, until
-  `graph_is_commit_finished()` returns non-zero.  Each call to
-  `graph_next_line()` will output a single line of the graph.  The resulting
-  lines will not contain any newlines.  `graph_next_line()` returns 1 if the
-  resulting line contains the current commit, or 0 if this is merely a line
-  needed to adjust the graph before or after the current commit.  This return
-  value can be used to determine where to print the commit summary information
-  alongside the graph output.
-
-Limitations
------------
-
-* `graph_update()` must be called with commits in topological order.  It should
-  not be called on a commit if it has already been invoked with an ancestor of
-  that commit, or the graph output will be incorrect.
-
-* `graph_update()` must be called on a contiguous group of commits.  If
-  `graph_update()` is called on a particular commit, it should later be called
-  on all parents of that commit.  Parents must not be skipped, or the graph
-  output will appear incorrect.
-+
-`graph_update()` may be used on a pruned set of commits only if the parent list
-has been rewritten so as to include only ancestors from the pruned set.
-
-* The graph API does not currently support reverse commit ordering.  In
-  order to implement reverse ordering, the graphing API needs an
-  (efficient) mechanism to find the children of a commit.
-
-Sample usage
-------------
-
-------------
-struct commit *commit;
-struct git_graph *graph = graph_init(opts);
-
-while ((commit = get_revision(opts)) != NULL) {
-	while (!graph_is_commit_finished(graph))
-	{
-		struct strbuf sb;
-		int is_commit_line;
-
-		strbuf_init(&sb, 0);
-		is_commit_line = graph_next_line(graph, &sb);
-		fputs(sb.buf, stdout);
-
-		if (is_commit_line)
-			log_tree_commit(opts, commit);
-		else
-			putchar(opts->diffopt.line_termination);
-	}
-}
-------------
-
-Sample output
--------------
-
-The following is an example of the output from the graph API.  This output does
-not include any commit summary information--callers are responsible for
-outputting that information, if desired.
-
-------------
-*
-*
-*
-|\
-* |
-| | *
-| \ \
-|  \ \
-*-. \ \
-|\ \ \ \
-| | * | |
-| | | | | *
-| | | | | *
-| | | | | *
-| | | | | |\
-| | | | | | *
-| * | | | | |
-| | | | | *  \
-| | | | | |\  |
-| | | | * | | |
-| | | | * | | |
-* | | | | | | |
-| |/ / / / / /
-|/| / / / / /
-* | | | | | |
-|/ / / / / /
-* | | | | |
-| | | | | *
-| | | | |/
-| | | | *
-------------
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-merge.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-merge.txt
index 9dc1bed768..487d4d83ff 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-merge.txt
@@ -28,77 +28,9 @@ and `diff.c` for examples.
 
 * `struct ll_merge_options`
 
-This describes the set of options the calling program wants to affect
-the operation of a low-level (single file) merge.  Some options:
-
-`virtual_ancestor`::
-	Behave as though this were part of a merge between common
-	ancestors in a recursive merge.
-	If a helper program is specified by the
-	`[merge "<driver>"] recursive` configuration, it will
-	be used (see linkgit:gitattributes[5]).
-
-`variant`::
-	Resolve local conflicts automatically in favor
-	of one side or the other (as in 'git merge-file'
-	`--ours`/`--theirs`/`--union`).  Can be `0`,
-	`XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS`, `XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS`, or
-	`XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_UNION`.
-
-`renormalize`::
-	Resmudge and clean the "base", "theirs" and "ours" files
-	before merging.  Use this when the merge is likely to have
-	overlapped with a change in smudge/clean or end-of-line
-	normalization rules.
+Check ll-merge.h for details.
 
 Low-level (single file) merge
 -----------------------------
 
-`ll_merge`::
-
-	Perform a three-way single-file merge in core.  This is
-	a thin wrapper around `xdl_merge` that takes the path and
-	any merge backend specified in `.gitattributes` or
-	`.git/info/attributes` into account.  Returns 0 for a
-	clean merge.
-
-Calling sequence:
-
-* Prepare a `struct ll_merge_options` to record options.
-  If you have no special requests, skip this and pass `NULL`
-  as the `opts` parameter to use the default options.
-
-* Allocate an mmbuffer_t variable for the result.
-
-* Allocate and fill variables with the file's original content
-  and two modified versions (using `read_mmfile`, for example).
-
-* Call `ll_merge()`.
-
-* Read the merged content from `result_buf.ptr` and `result_buf.size`.
-
-* Release buffers when finished.  A simple
-  `free(ancestor.ptr); free(ours.ptr); free(theirs.ptr);
-  free(result_buf.ptr);` will do.
-
-If the modifications do not merge cleanly, `ll_merge` will return a
-nonzero value and `result_buf` will generally include a description of
-the conflict bracketed by markers such as the traditional `<<<<<<<`
-and `>>>>>>>`.
-
-The `ancestor_label`, `our_label`, and `their_label` parameters are
-used to label the different sides of a conflict if the merge driver
-supports this.
-
-Everything else
----------------
-
-Talk about <merge-recursive.h> and merge_file():
-
- - merge_trees() to merge with rename detection
- - merge_recursive() for ancestor consolidation
- - try_merge_command() for other strategies
- - conflict format
- - merge options
-
-(Daniel, Miklos, Stephan, JC)
+Check ll-merge.h for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-object-access.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-object-access.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b29622d00..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-object-access.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-object access API
-=================
-
-Talk about <sha1-file.c> and <object.h> family, things like
-
-* read_sha1_file()
-* read_object_with_reference()
-* has_sha1_file()
-* write_sha1_file()
-* pretend_object_file()
-* lookup_{object,commit,tag,blob,tree}
-* parse_{object,commit,tag,blob,tree}
-* Use of object flags
-
-(JC, Shawn, Daniel, Dscho, Linus)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-oid-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-oid-array.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index c97428c2c3..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-oid-array.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-oid-array API
-==============
-
-The oid-array API provides storage and manipulation of sets of object
-identifiers. The emphasis is on storage and processing efficiency,
-making them suitable for large lists. Note that the ordering of items is
-not preserved over some operations.
-
-Data Structures
----------------
-
-`struct oid_array`::
-
-	A single array of object IDs. This should be initialized by
-	assignment from `OID_ARRAY_INIT`.  The `oid` member contains
-	the actual data. The `nr` member contains the number of items in
-	the set.  The `alloc` and `sorted` members are used internally,
-	and should not be needed by API callers.
-
-Functions
----------
-
-`oid_array_append`::
-	Add an item to the set. The object ID will be placed at the end of
-	the array (but note that some operations below may lose this
-	ordering).
-
-`oid_array_lookup`::
-	Perform a binary search of the array for a specific object ID.
-	If found, returns the offset (in number of elements) of the
-	object ID. If not found, returns a negative integer. If the array
-	is not sorted, this function has the side effect of sorting it.
-
-`oid_array_clear`::
-	Free all memory associated with the array and return it to the
-	initial, empty state.
-
-`oid_array_for_each`::
-	Iterate over each element of the list, executing the callback
-	function for each one. Does not sort the list, so any custom
-	hash order is retained. If the callback returns a non-zero
-	value, the iteration ends immediately and the callback's
-	return is propagated; otherwise, 0 is returned.
-
-`oid_array_for_each_unique`::
-	Iterate over each unique element of the list in sorted order,
-	but otherwise behave like `oid_array_for_each`. If the array
-	is not sorted, this function has the side effect of sorting
-	it.
-
-`oid_array_filter`::
-	Apply the callback function `want` to each entry in the array,
-	retaining only the entries for which the function returns true.
-	Preserve the order of the entries that are retained.
-
-Examples
---------
-
------------------------------------------
-int print_callback(const struct object_id *oid,
-		    void *data)
-{
-	printf("%s\n", oid_to_hex(oid));
-	return 0; /* always continue */
-}
-
-void some_func(void)
-{
-	struct sha1_array hashes = OID_ARRAY_INIT;
-	struct object_id oid;
-
-	/* Read objects into our set */
-	while (read_object_from_stdin(oid.hash))
-		oid_array_append(&hashes, &oid);
-
-	/* Check if some objects are in our set */
-	while (read_object_from_stdin(oid.hash)) {
-		if (oid_array_lookup(&hashes, &oid) >= 0)
-			printf("it's in there!\n");
-
-	/*
-	 * Print the unique set of objects. We could also have
-	 * avoided adding duplicate objects in the first place,
-	 * but we would end up re-sorting the array repeatedly.
-	 * Instead, this will sort once and then skip duplicates
-	 * in linear time.
-	 */
-	oid_array_for_each_unique(&hashes, print_callback, NULL);
-}
------------------------------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-quote.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-quote.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index e8a1bce94e..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-quote.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-quote API
-=========
-
-Talk about <quote.h>, things like
-
-* sq_quote and unquote
-* c_style quote and unquote
-* quoting for foreign languages
-
-(JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index ad9d019ff9..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-ref iteration API
-=================
-
-
-Iteration of refs is done by using an iterate function which will call a
-callback function for every ref. The callback function has this
-signature:
-
-	int handle_one_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
-			   int flags, void *cb_data);
-
-There are different kinds of iterate functions which all take a
-callback of this type. The callback is then called for each found ref
-until the callback returns nonzero. The returned value is then also
-returned by the iterate function.
-
-Iteration functions
--------------------
-
-* `head_ref()` just iterates the head ref.
-
-* `for_each_ref()` iterates all refs.
-
-* `for_each_ref_in()` iterates all refs which have a defined prefix and
-  strips that prefix from the passed variable refname.
-
-* `for_each_tag_ref()`, `for_each_branch_ref()`, `for_each_remote_ref()`,
-  `for_each_replace_ref()` iterate refs from the respective area.
-
-* `for_each_glob_ref()` iterates all refs that match the specified glob
-  pattern.
-
-* `for_each_glob_ref_in()` the previous and `for_each_ref_in()` combined.
-
-* Use `refs_` API for accessing submodules. The submodule ref store could
-  be obtained with `get_submodule_ref_store()`.
-
-* `for_each_rawref()` can be used to learn about broken ref and symref.
-
-* `for_each_reflog()` iterates each reflog file.
-
-Submodules
-----------
-
-If you want to iterate the refs of a submodule you first need to add the
-submodules object database. You can do this by a code-snippet like
-this:
-
-	const char *path = "path/to/submodule"
-	if (add_submodule_odb(path))
-		die("Error submodule '%s' not populated.", path);
-
-`add_submodule_odb()` will return zero on success. If you
-do not do this you will get an error for each ref that it does not point
-to a valid object.
-
-Note: As a side-effect of this you cannot safely assume that all
-objects you lookup are available in superproject. All submodule objects
-will be available the same way as the superprojects objects.
-
-Example:
---------
-
-----
-static int handle_remote_ref(const char *refname,
-		const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct strbuf *output = cb_data;
-	strbuf_addf(output, "%s\n", refname);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-...
-
-	struct strbuf output = STRBUF_INIT;
-	for_each_remote_ref(handle_remote_ref, &output);
-	printf("%s", output.buf);
-----
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index f10941b2e8..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-Remotes configuration API
-=========================
-
-The API in remote.h gives access to the configuration related to
-remotes. It handles all three configuration mechanisms historically
-and currently used by Git, and presents the information in a uniform
-fashion. Note that the code also handles plain URLs without any
-configuration, giving them just the default information.
-
-struct remote
--------------
-
-`name`::
-
-	The user's nickname for the remote
-
-`url`::
-
-	An array of all of the url_nr URLs configured for the remote
-
-`pushurl`::
-
-	An array of all of the pushurl_nr push URLs configured for the remote
-
-`push`::
-
-	 An array of refspecs configured for pushing, with
-	 push_refspec being the literal strings, and push_refspec_nr
-	 being the quantity.
-
-`fetch`::
-
-	An array of refspecs configured for fetching, with
-	fetch_refspec being the literal strings, and fetch_refspec_nr
-	being the quantity.
-
-`fetch_tags`::
-
-	The setting for whether to fetch tags (as a separate rule from
-	the configured refspecs); -1 means never to fetch tags, 0
-	means to auto-follow tags based on the default heuristic, 1
-	means to always auto-follow tags, and 2 means to fetch all
-	tags.
-
-`receivepack`, `uploadpack`::
-
-	The configured helper programs to run on the remote side, for
-	Git-native protocols.
-
-`http_proxy`::
-
-	The proxy to use for curl (http, https, ftp, etc.) URLs.
-
-`http_proxy_authmethod`::
-
-	The method used for authenticating against `http_proxy`.
-
-struct remotes can be found by name with remote_get(), and iterated
-through with for_each_remote(). remote_get(NULL) will return the
-default remote, given the current branch and configuration.
-
-struct refspec
---------------
-
-A struct refspec holds the parsed interpretation of a refspec.  If it
-will force updates (starts with a '+'), force is true.  If it is a
-pattern (sides end with '*') pattern is true.  src and dest are the
-two sides (including '*' characters if present); if there is only one
-side, it is src, and dst is NULL; if sides exist but are empty (i.e.,
-the refspec either starts or ends with ':'), the corresponding side is
-"".
-
-An array of strings can be parsed into an array of struct refspecs
-using parse_fetch_refspec() or parse_push_refspec().
-
-remote_find_tracking(), given a remote and a struct refspec with
-either src or dst filled out, will fill out the other such that the
-result is in the "fetch" specification for the remote (note that this
-evaluates patterns and returns a single result).
-
-struct branch
--------------
-
-Note that this may end up moving to branch.h
-
-struct branch holds the configuration for a branch. It can be looked
-up with branch_get(name) for "refs/heads/{name}", or with
-branch_get(NULL) for HEAD.
-
-It contains:
-
-`name`::
-
-	The short name of the branch.
-
-`refname`::
-
-	The full path for the branch ref.
-
-`remote_name`::
-
-	The name of the remote listed in the configuration.
-
-`merge_name`::
-
-	An array of the "merge" lines in the configuration.
-
-`merge`::
-
-	An array of the struct refspecs used for the merge lines. That
-	is, merge[i]->dst is a local tracking ref which should be
-	merged into this branch by default.
-
-`merge_nr`::
-
-	The number of merge configurations
-
-branch_has_merge_config() returns true if the given branch has merge
-configuration given.
-
-Other stuff
------------
-
-There is other stuff in remote.h that is related, in general, to the
-process of interacting with remotes.
-
-(Daniel Barkalow)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 03f9ea6ac4..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-revision walking API
-====================
-
-The revision walking API offers functions to build a list of revisions
-and then iterate over that list.
-
-Calling sequence
-----------------
-
-The walking API has a given calling sequence: first you need to
-initialize a rev_info structure, then add revisions to control what kind
-of revision list do you want to get, finally you can iterate over the
-revision list.
-
-Functions
----------
-
-`repo_init_revisions`::
-
-	Initialize a rev_info structure with default values. The third
-	parameter may be NULL or can be prefix path, and then the `.prefix`
-	variable will be set to it. This is typically the first function you
-	want to call when you want to deal with a revision list. After calling
-	this function, you are free to customize options, like set
-	`.ignore_merges` to 0 if you don't want to ignore merges, and so on. See
-	`revision.h` for a complete list of available options.
-
-`add_pending_object`::
-
-	This function can be used if you want to add commit objects as revision
-	information. You can use the `UNINTERESTING` object flag to indicate if
-	you want to include or exclude the given commit (and commits reachable
-	from the given commit) from the revision list.
-+
-NOTE: If you have the commits as a string list then you probably want to
-use setup_revisions(), instead of parsing each string and using this
-function.
-
-`setup_revisions`::
-
-	Parse revision information, filling in the `rev_info` structure, and
-	removing the used arguments from the argument list. Returns the number
-	of arguments left that weren't recognized, which are also moved to the
-	head of the argument list. The last parameter is used in case no
-	parameter given by the first two arguments.
-
-`prepare_revision_walk`::
-
-	Prepares the rev_info structure for a walk. You should check if it
-	returns any error (non-zero return code) and if it does not, you can
-	start using get_revision() to do the iteration.
-
-`get_revision`::
-
-	Takes a pointer to a `rev_info` structure and iterates over it,
-	returning a `struct commit *` each time you call it. The end of the
-	revision list is indicated by returning a NULL pointer.
-
-`reset_revision_walk`::
-
-	Reset the flags used by the revision walking api. You can use
-	this to do multiple sequential revision walks.
-
-Data structures
----------------
-
-Talk about <revision.h>, things like:
-
-* two diff_options, one for path limiting, another for output;
-* remaining functions;
-
-(Linus, JC, Dscho)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 8bf3e37f53..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,264 +0,0 @@
-run-command API
-===============
-
-The run-command API offers a versatile tool to run sub-processes with
-redirected input and output as well as with a modified environment
-and an alternate current directory.
-
-A similar API offers the capability to run a function asynchronously,
-which is primarily used to capture the output that the function
-produces in the caller in order to process it.
-
-
-Functions
----------
-
-`child_process_init`::
-
-	Initialize a struct child_process variable.
-
-`start_command`::
-
-	Start a sub-process. Takes a pointer to a `struct child_process`
-	that specifies the details and returns pipe FDs (if requested).
-	See below for details.
-
-`finish_command`::
-
-	Wait for the completion of a sub-process that was started with
-	start_command().
-
-`run_command`::
-
-	A convenience function that encapsulates a sequence of
-	start_command() followed by finish_command(). Takes a pointer
-	to a `struct child_process` that specifies the details.
-
-`run_command_v_opt`, `run_command_v_opt_cd_env`::
-
-	Convenience functions that encapsulate a sequence of
-	start_command() followed by finish_command(). The argument argv
-	specifies the program and its arguments. The argument opt is zero
-	or more of the flags `RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN`, `RUN_GIT_CMD`,
-	`RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR`, or `RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE`
-	that correspond to the members .no_stdin, .git_cmd,
-	.stdout_to_stderr, .silent_exec_failure of `struct child_process`.
-	The argument dir corresponds the member .dir. The argument env
-	corresponds to the member .env.
-
-`child_process_clear`::
-
-	Release the memory associated with the struct child_process.
-	Most users of the run-command API don't need to call this
-	function explicitly because `start_command` invokes it on
-	failure and `finish_command` calls it automatically already.
-
-The functions above do the following:
-
-. If a system call failed, errno is set and -1 is returned. A diagnostic
-  is printed.
-
-. If the program was not found, then -1 is returned and errno is set to
-  ENOENT; a diagnostic is printed only if .silent_exec_failure is 0.
-
-. Otherwise, the program is run. If it terminates regularly, its exit
-  code is returned. No diagnostic is printed, even if the exit code is
-  non-zero.
-
-. If the program terminated due to a signal, then the return value is the
-  signal number + 128, ie. the same value that a POSIX shell's $? would
-  report.  A diagnostic is printed.
-
-
-`start_async`::
-
-	Run a function asynchronously. Takes a pointer to a `struct
-	async` that specifies the details and returns a set of pipe FDs
-	for communication with the function. See below for details.
-
-`finish_async`::
-
-	Wait for the completion of an asynchronous function that was
-	started with start_async().
-
-`run_hook`::
-
-	Run a hook.
-	The first argument is a pathname to an index file, or NULL
-	if the hook uses the default index file or no index is needed.
-	The second argument is the name of the hook.
-	The further arguments correspond to the hook arguments.
-	The last argument has to be NULL to terminate the arguments list.
-	If the hook does not exist or is not executable, the return
-	value will be zero.
-	If it is executable, the hook will be executed and the exit
-	status of the hook is returned.
-	On execution, .stdout_to_stderr and .no_stdin will be set.
-	(See below.)
-
-
-Data structures
----------------
-
-* `struct child_process`
-
-This describes the arguments, redirections, and environment of a
-command to run in a sub-process.
-
-The caller:
-
-1. allocates and clears (using child_process_init() or
-   CHILD_PROCESS_INIT) a struct child_process variable;
-2. initializes the members;
-3. calls start_command();
-4. processes the data;
-5. closes file descriptors (if necessary; see below);
-6. calls finish_command().
-
-The .argv member is set up as an array of string pointers (NULL
-terminated), of which .argv[0] is the program name to run (usually
-without a path). If the command to run is a git command, set argv[0] to
-the command name without the 'git-' prefix and set .git_cmd = 1.
-
-Note that the ownership of the memory pointed to by .argv stays with the
-caller, but it should survive until `finish_command` completes. If the
-.argv member is NULL, `start_command` will point it at the .args
-`argv_array` (so you may use one or the other, but you must use exactly
-one). The memory in .args will be cleaned up automatically during
-`finish_command` (or during `start_command` when it is unsuccessful).
-
-The members .in, .out, .err are used to redirect stdin, stdout,
-stderr as follows:
-
-. Specify 0 to request no special redirection. No new file descriptor
-  is allocated. The child process simply inherits the channel from the
-  parent.
-
-. Specify -1 to have a pipe allocated; start_command() replaces -1
-  by the pipe FD in the following way:
-
-	.in: Returns the writable pipe end into which the caller writes;
-		the readable end of the pipe becomes the child's stdin.
-
-	.out, .err: Returns the readable pipe end from which the caller
-		reads; the writable end of the pipe end becomes child's
-		stdout/stderr.
-
-  The caller of start_command() must close the so returned FDs
-  after it has completed reading from/writing to it!
-
-. Specify a file descriptor > 0 to be used by the child:
-
-	.in: The FD must be readable; it becomes child's stdin.
-	.out: The FD must be writable; it becomes child's stdout.
-	.err: The FD must be writable; it becomes child's stderr.
-
-  The specified FD is closed by start_command(), even if it fails to
-  run the sub-process!
-
-. Special forms of redirection are available by setting these members
-  to 1:
-
-	.no_stdin, .no_stdout, .no_stderr: The respective channel is
-		redirected to /dev/null.
-
-	.stdout_to_stderr: stdout of the child is redirected to its
-		stderr. This happens after stderr is itself redirected.
-		So stdout will follow stderr to wherever it is
-		redirected.
-
-To modify the environment of the sub-process, specify an array of
-string pointers (NULL terminated) in .env:
-
-. If the string is of the form "VAR=value", i.e. it contains '='
-  the variable is added to the child process's environment.
-
-. If the string does not contain '=', it names an environment
-  variable that will be removed from the child process's environment.
-
-If the .env member is NULL, `start_command` will point it at the
-.env_array `argv_array` (so you may use one or the other, but not both).
-The memory in .env_array will be cleaned up automatically during
-`finish_command` (or during `start_command` when it is unsuccessful).
-
-To specify a new initial working directory for the sub-process,
-specify it in the .dir member.
-
-If the program cannot be found, the functions return -1 and set
-errno to ENOENT. Normally, an error message is printed, but if
-.silent_exec_failure is set to 1, no message is printed for this
-special error condition.
-
-
-* `struct async`
-
-This describes a function to run asynchronously, whose purpose is
-to produce output that the caller reads.
-
-The caller:
-
-1. allocates and clears (memset(&asy, 0, sizeof(asy));) a
-   struct async variable;
-2. initializes .proc and .data;
-3. calls start_async();
-4. processes communicates with proc through .in and .out;
-5. closes .in and .out;
-6. calls finish_async().
-
-The members .in, .out are used to provide a set of fd's for
-communication between the caller and the callee as follows:
-
-. Specify 0 to have no file descriptor passed.  The callee will
-  receive -1 in the corresponding argument.
-
-. Specify < 0 to have a pipe allocated; start_async() replaces
-  with the pipe FD in the following way:
-
-	.in: Returns the writable pipe end into which the caller
-	writes; the readable end of the pipe becomes the function's
-	in argument.
-
-	.out: Returns the readable pipe end from which the caller
-	reads; the writable end of the pipe becomes the function's
-	out argument.
-
-  The caller of start_async() must close the returned FDs after it
-  has completed reading from/writing from them.
-
-. Specify a file descriptor > 0 to be used by the function:
-
-	.in: The FD must be readable; it becomes the function's in.
-	.out: The FD must be writable; it becomes the function's out.
-
-  The specified FD is closed by start_async(), even if it fails to
-  run the function.
-
-The function pointer in .proc has the following signature:
-
-	int proc(int in, int out, void *data);
-
-. in, out specifies a set of file descriptors to which the function
-  must read/write the data that it needs/produces.  The function
-  *must* close these descriptors before it returns.  A descriptor
-  may be -1 if the caller did not configure a descriptor for that
-  direction.
-
-. data is the value that the caller has specified in the .data member
-  of struct async.
-
-. The return value of the function is 0 on success and non-zero
-  on failure. If the function indicates failure, finish_async() will
-  report failure as well.
-
-
-There are serious restrictions on what the asynchronous function can do
-because this facility is implemented by a thread in the same address
-space on most platforms (when pthreads is available), but by a pipe to
-a forked process otherwise:
-
-. It cannot change the program's state (global variables, environment,
-  etc.) in a way that the caller notices; in other words, .in and .out
-  are the only communication channels to the caller.
-
-. It must not change the program's state that the caller of the
-  facility also uses.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index eb1fa9853e..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-setup API
-=========
-
-Talk about
-
-* setup_git_directory()
-* setup_git_directory_gently()
-* is_inside_git_dir()
-* is_inside_work_tree()
-* setup_work_tree()
-
-(Dscho)
-
-Pathspec
---------
-
-See glossary-context.txt for the syntax of pathspec. In memory, a
-pathspec set is represented by "struct pathspec" and is prepared by
-parse_pathspec(). This function takes several arguments:
-
-- magic_mask specifies what features that are NOT supported by the
-  following code. If a user attempts to use such a feature,
-  parse_pathspec() can reject it early.
-
-- flags specifies other things that the caller wants parse_pathspec to
-  perform.
-
-- prefix and args come from cmd_* functions
-
-parse_pathspec() helps catch unsupported features and reject them
-politely. At a lower level, different pathspec-related functions may
-not support the same set of features. Such pathspec-sensitive
-functions are guarded with GUARD_PATHSPEC(), which will die in an
-unfriendly way when an unsupported feature is requested.
-
-The command designers are supposed to make sure that GUARD_PATHSPEC()
-never dies. They have to make sure all unsupported features are caught
-by parse_pathspec(), not by GUARD_PATHSPEC. grepping GUARD_PATHSPEC()
-should give the designers all pathspec-sensitive codepaths and what
-features they support.
-
-A similar process is applied when a new pathspec magic is added. The
-designer lifts the GUARD_PATHSPEC restriction in the functions that
-support the new magic. At the same time (s)he has to make sure this
-new feature will be caught at parse_pathspec() in commands that cannot
-handle the new magic in some cases. grepping parse_pathspec() should
-help.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-sigchain.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-sigchain.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9e1189ef01..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-sigchain.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-sigchain API
-============
-
-Code often wants to set a signal handler to clean up temporary files or
-other work-in-progress when we die unexpectedly. For multiple pieces of
-code to do this without conflicting, each piece of code must remember
-the old value of the handler and restore it either when:
-
-  1. The work-in-progress is finished, and the handler is no longer
-     necessary. The handler should revert to the original behavior
-     (either another handler, SIG_DFL, or SIG_IGN).
-
-  2. The signal is received. We should then do our cleanup, then chain
-     to the next handler (or die if it is SIG_DFL).
-
-Sigchain is a tiny library for keeping a stack of handlers. Your handler
-and installation code should look something like:
-
-------------------------------------------
-  void clean_foo_on_signal(int sig)
-  {
-	  clean_foo();
-	  sigchain_pop(sig);
-	  raise(sig);
-  }
-
-  void other_func()
-  {
-	  sigchain_push_common(clean_foo_on_signal);
-	  mess_up_foo();
-	  clean_foo();
-  }
-------------------------------------------
-
-Handlers are given the typedef of sigchain_fun. This is the same type
-that is given to signal() or sigaction(). It is perfectly reasonable to
-push SIG_DFL or SIG_IGN onto the stack.
-
-You can sigchain_push and sigchain_pop individual signals. For
-convenience, sigchain_push_common will push the handler onto the stack
-for many common signals.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-submodule-config.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-submodule-config.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index fb06089393..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-submodule-config.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-submodule config cache API
-==========================
-
-The submodule config cache API allows to read submodule
-configurations/information from specified revisions. Internally
-information is lazily read into a cache that is used to avoid
-unnecessary parsing of the same .gitmodules files. Lookups can be done by
-submodule path or name.
-
-Usage
------
-
-To initialize the cache with configurations from the worktree the caller
-typically first calls `gitmodules_config()` to read values from the
-worktree .gitmodules and then to overlay the local git config values
-`parse_submodule_config_option()` from the config parsing
-infrastructure.
-
-The caller can look up information about submodules by using the
-`submodule_from_path()` or `submodule_from_name()` functions. They return
-a `struct submodule` which contains the values. The API automatically
-initializes and allocates the needed infrastructure on-demand. If the
-caller does only want to lookup values from revisions the initialization
-can be skipped.
-
-If the internal cache might grow too big or when the caller is done with
-the API, all internally cached values can be freed with submodule_free().
-
-Data Structures
----------------
-
-`struct submodule`::
-
-	This structure is used to return the information about one
-	submodule for a certain revision. It is returned by the lookup
-	functions.
-
-Functions
----------
-
-`void submodule_free(struct repository *r)`::
-
-	Use these to free the internally cached values.
-
-`int parse_submodule_config_option(const char *var, const char *value)`::
-
-	Can be passed to the config parsing infrastructure to parse
-	local (worktree) submodule configurations.
-
-`const struct submodule *submodule_from_path(const unsigned char *treeish_name, const char *path)`::
-
-	Given a tree-ish in the superproject and a path, return the
-	submodule that is bound at the path in the named tree.
-
-`const struct submodule *submodule_from_name(const unsigned char *treeish_name, const char *name)`::
-
-	The same as above but lookup by name.
-
-Whenever a submodule configuration is parsed in `parse_submodule_config_option`
-via e.g. `gitmodules_config()`, it will overwrite the null_sha1 entry.
-So in the normal case, when HEAD:.gitmodules is parsed first and then overlayed
-with the repository configuration, the null_sha1 entry contains the local
-configuration of a submodule (e.g. consolidated values from local git
-configuration and the .gitmodules file in the worktree).
-
-For an example usage see test-submodule-config.c.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-trace.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-trace.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index fadb5979c4..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-trace.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-trace API
-=========
-
-The trace API can be used to print debug messages to stderr or a file. Trace
-code is inactive unless explicitly enabled by setting `GIT_TRACE*` environment
-variables.
-
-The trace implementation automatically adds `timestamp file:line ... \n` to
-all trace messages. E.g.:
-
-------------
-23:59:59.123456 git.c:312               trace: built-in: git 'foo'
-00:00:00.000001 builtin/foo.c:99        foo: some message
-------------
-
-Data Structures
----------------
-
-`struct trace_key`::
-
-	Defines a trace key (or category). The default (for API functions that
-	don't take a key) is `GIT_TRACE`.
-+
-E.g. to define a trace key controlled by environment variable `GIT_TRACE_FOO`:
-+
-------------
-static struct trace_key trace_foo = TRACE_KEY_INIT(FOO);
-
-static void trace_print_foo(const char *message)
-{
-	trace_printf_key(&trace_foo, "%s", message);
-}
-------------
-+
-Note: don't use `const` as the trace implementation stores internal state in
-the `trace_key` structure.
-
-Functions
----------
-
-`int trace_want(struct trace_key *key)`::
-
-	Checks whether the trace key is enabled. Used to prevent expensive
-	string formatting before calling one of the printing APIs.
-
-`void trace_disable(struct trace_key *key)`::
-
-	Disables tracing for the specified key, even if the environment
-	variable was set.
-
-`void trace_printf(const char *format, ...)`::
-`void trace_printf_key(struct trace_key *key, const char *format, ...)`::
-
-	Prints a formatted message, similar to printf.
-
-`void trace_argv_printf(const char **argv, const char *format, ...)``::
-
-	Prints a formatted message, followed by a quoted list of arguments.
-
-`void trace_strbuf(struct trace_key *key, const struct strbuf *data)`::
-
-	Prints the strbuf, without additional formatting (i.e. doesn't
-	choke on `%` or even `\0`).
-
-`uint64_t getnanotime(void)`::
-
-	Returns nanoseconds since the epoch (01/01/1970), typically used
-	for performance measurements.
-+
-Currently there are high precision timer implementations for Linux (using
-`clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)`) and Windows (`QueryPerformanceCounter`).
-Other platforms use `gettimeofday` as time source.
-
-`void trace_performance(uint64_t nanos, const char *format, ...)`::
-`void trace_performance_since(uint64_t start, const char *format, ...)`::
-
-	Prints the elapsed time (in nanoseconds), or elapsed time since
-	`start`, followed by a formatted message. Enabled via environment
-	variable `GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE`. Used for manual profiling, e.g.:
-+
-------------
-uint64_t start = getnanotime();
-/* code section to measure */
-trace_performance_since(start, "foobar");
-------------
-+
-------------
-uint64_t t = 0;
-for (;;) {
-	/* ignore */
-	t -= getnanotime();
-	/* code section to measure */
-	t += getnanotime();
-	/* ignore */
-}
-trace_performance(t, "frotz");
-------------
-
-Bugs & Caveats
---------------
-
-GIT_TRACE_* environment variables can be used to tell Git to show
-trace output to its standard error stream. Git can often spawn a pager
-internally to run its subcommand and send its standard output and
-standard error to it.
-
-Because GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE trace is generated only at the very end
-of the program with atexit(), which happens after the pager exits, it
-would not work well if you send its log to the standard error output
-and let Git spawn the pager at the same time.
-
-As a work around, you can for example use '--no-pager', or set
-GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE to another file descriptor which is redirected
-to stderr, or set GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE to a file specified by its
-absolute path.
-
-For example instead of the following command which by default may not
-print any performance information:
-
-------------
-GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE=2 git log -1
-------------
-
-you may want to use:
-
-------------
-GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE=2 git --no-pager log -1
-------------
-
-or:
-
-------------
-GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE=3 3>&2 git log -1
-------------
-
-or:
-
-------------
-GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE=/path/to/log/file git log -1
-------------
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt
index 71eb081fed..4f07ceadcb 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ yields
 
 ------------
 $ cat ~/log.event
-{"event":"version","sid":"sid":"20190408T191610.507018Z-H9b68c35f-P000059a8","thread":"main","time":"2019-01-16T17:28:42.620713Z","file":"common-main.c","line":38,"evt":"1","exe":"2.20.1.155.g426c96fcdb"}
+{"event":"version","sid":"sid":"20190408T191610.507018Z-H9b68c35f-P000059a8","thread":"main","time":"2019-01-16T17:28:42.620713Z","file":"common-main.c","line":38,"evt":"2","exe":"2.20.1.155.g426c96fcdb"}
 {"event":"start","sid":"20190408T191610.507018Z-H9b68c35f-P000059a8","thread":"main","time":"2019-01-16T17:28:42.621027Z","file":"common-main.c","line":39,"t_abs":0.001173,"argv":["git","version"]}
 {"event":"cmd_name","sid":"20190408T191610.507018Z-H9b68c35f-P000059a8","thread":"main","time":"2019-01-16T17:28:42.621122Z","file":"git.c","line":432,"name":"version","hierarchy":"version"}
 {"event":"exit","sid":"20190408T191610.507018Z-H9b68c35f-P000059a8","thread":"main","time":"2019-01-16T17:28:42.621236Z","file":"git.c","line":662,"t_abs":0.001227,"code":0}
@@ -142,10 +142,9 @@ system or global config value to one of the following:
 
 include::../trace2-target-values.txt[]
 
-If the target already exists and is a directory, the traces will be
-written to files (one per process) underneath the given directory. They
-will be named according to the last component of the SID (optionally
-followed by a counter to avoid filename collisions).
+When trace files are written to a target directory, they will be named according
+to the last component of the SID (optionally followed by a counter to avoid
+filename collisions).
 
 == Trace2 API
 
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ describe the simplified forms.
 
 == Public API
 
-All Trace2 API functions send a messsage to all of the active
+All Trace2 API functions send a message to all of the active
 Trace2 Targets.  This section describes the set of available
 messages.
 
@@ -189,261 +188,36 @@ purposes.
 === Basic Command Messages
 
 These are concerned with the lifetime of the overall git process.
-
-`void trace2_initialize_clock()`::
-
-	Initialize the Trace2 start clock and nothing else.  This should
-	be called at the very top of main() to capture the process start
-	time and reduce startup order dependencies.
-
-`void trace2_initialize()`::
-
-	Determines if any Trace2 Targets should be enabled and
-	initializes the Trace2 facility.  This includes setting up the
-	Trace2 thread local storage (TLS).
-+
-This function emits a "version" message containing the version of git
-and the Trace2 protocol.
-+
-This function should be called from `main()` as early as possible in
-the life of the process after essential process initialization.
-
-`int trace2_is_enabled()`::
-
-	Returns 1 if Trace2 is enabled (at least one target is
-	active).
-
-`void trace2_cmd_start(int argc, const char **argv)`::
-
-	Emits a "start" message containing the process command line
-	arguments.
-
-`int trace2_cmd_exit(int exit_code)`::
-
-	Emits an "exit" message containing the process exit-code and
-	elapsed time.
-+
-Returns the exit-code.
-
-`void trace2_cmd_error(const char *fmt, va_list ap)`::
-
-	Emits an "error" message containing a formatted error message.
-
-`void trace2_cmd_path(const char *pathname)`::
-
-	Emits a "cmd_path" message with the full pathname of the
-	current process.
+e.g: `void trace2_initialize_clock()`, `void trace2_initialize()`,
+`int trace2_is_enabled()`, `void trace2_cmd_start(int argc, const char **argv)`.
 
 === Command Detail Messages
 
 These are concerned with describing the specific Git command
 after the command line, config, and environment are inspected.
-
-`void trace2_cmd_name(const char *name)`::
-
-	Emits a "cmd_name" message with the canonical name of the
-	command, for example "status" or "checkout".
-
-`void trace2_cmd_mode(const char *mode)`::
-
-	Emits a "cmd_mode" message with a qualifier name to further
-	describe the current git command.
-+
-This message is intended to be used with git commands having multiple
-major modes.  For example, a "checkout" command can checkout a new
-branch or it can checkout a single file, so the checkout code could
-emit a cmd_mode message of "branch" or "file".
-
-`void trace2_cmd_alias(const char *alias, const char **argv_expansion)`::
-
-	Emits an "alias" message containing the alias used and the
-	argument expansion.
-
-`void trace2_def_param(const char *parameter, const char *value)`::
-
-	Emits a "def_param" message containing a key/value pair.
-+
-This message is intended to report some global aspect of the current
-command, such as a configuration setting or command line switch that
-significantly affects program performance or behavior, such as
-`core.abbrev`, `status.showUntrackedFiles`, or `--no-ahead-behind`.
-
-`void trace2_cmd_list_config()`::
-
-	Emits a "def_param" messages for "important" configuration
-	settings.
-+
-The environment variable `GIT_TRACE2_CONFIG_PARAMS` or the `trace2.configParams`
-config value can be set to a
-list of patterns of important configuration settings, for example:
-`core.*,remote.*.url`.  This function will iterate over all config
-settings and emit a "def_param" message for each match.
-
-`void trace2_cmd_set_config(const char *key, const char *value)`::
-
-	Emits a "def_param" message for a new or updated key/value
-	pair IF `key` is considered important.
-+
-This is used to hook into `git_config_set()` and catch any
-configuration changes and update a value previously reported by
-`trace2_cmd_list_config()`.
-
-`void trace2_def_repo(struct repository *repo)`::
-
-	Registers a repository with the Trace2 layer.  Assigns a
-	unique "repo-id" to `repo->trace2_repo_id`.
-+
-Emits a "worktree" messages containing the repo-id and the worktree
-pathname.
-+
-Region and data messages (described later) may refer to this repo-id.
-+
-The main/top-level repository will have repo-id value 1 (aka "r1").
-+
-The repo-id field is in anticipation of future in-proc submodule
-repositories.
+e.g: `void trace2_cmd_name(const char *name)`,
+`void trace2_cmd_mode(const char *mode)`.
 
 === Child Process Messages
 
 These are concerned with the various spawned child processes,
 including shell scripts, git commands, editors, pagers, and hooks.
 
-`void trace2_child_start(struct child_process *cmd)`::
-
-	Emits a "child_start" message containing the "child-id",
-	"child-argv", and "child-classification".
-+
-Before calling this, set `cmd->trace2_child_class` to a name
-describing the type of child process, for example "editor".
-+
-This function assigns a unique "child-id" to `cmd->trace2_child_id`.
-This field is used later during the "child_exit" message to associate
-it with the "child_start" message.
-+
-This function should be called before spawning the child process.
-
-`void trace2_child_exit(struct child_proess *cmd, int child_exit_code)`::
-
-	Emits a "child_exit" message containing the "child-id",
-	the child's elapsed time and exit-code.
-+
-The reported elapsed time includes the process creation overhead and
-time spend waiting for it to exit, so it may be slightly longer than
-the time reported by the child itself.
-+
-This function should be called after reaping the child process.
-
-`int trace2_exec(const char *exe, const char **argv)`::
-
-	Emits a "exec" message containing the "exec-id" and the
-	argv of the new process.
-+
-This function should be called before calling one of the `exec()`
-variants, such as `execvp()`.
-+
-This function returns a unique "exec-id".  This value is used later
-if the exec() fails and a "exec-result" message is necessary.
-
-`void trace2_exec_result(int exec_id, int error_code)`::
-
-	Emits a "exec_result" message containing the "exec-id"
-	and the error code.
-+
-On Unix-based systems, `exec()` does not return if successful.
-This message is used to indicate that the `exec()` failed and
-that the current program is continuing.
+e.g: `void trace2_child_start(struct child_process *cmd)`.
 
 === Git Thread Messages
 
 These messages are concerned with Git thread usage.
 
-`void trace2_thread_start(const char *thread_name)`::
-
-	Emits a "thread_start" message.
-+
-The `thread_name` field should be a descriptive name, such as the
-unique name of the thread-proc.  A unique "thread-id" will be added
-to the name to uniquely identify thread instances.
-+
-Region and data messages (described later) may refer to this thread
-name.
-+
-This function must be called by the thread-proc of the new thread
-(so that TLS data is properly initialized) and not by the caller
-of `pthread_create()`.
-
-`void trace2_thread_exit()`::
-
-	Emits a "thread_exit" message containing the thread name
-	and the thread elapsed time.
-+
-This function must be called by the thread-proc before it returns
-(so that the coorect TLS data is used and cleaned up.  It should
-not be called by the caller of `pthread_join()`.
+e.g: `void trace2_thread_start(const char *thread_name)`.
 
 === Region and Data Messages
 
 These are concerned with recording performance data
-over regions or spans of code.
-
-`void trace2_region_enter(const char *category, const char *label, const struct repository *repo)`::
-
-`void trace2_region_enter_printf(const char *category, const char *label, const struct repository *repo, const char *fmt, ...)`::
-
-`void trace2_region_enter_printf_va(const char *category, const char *label, const struct repository *repo, const char *fmt, va_list ap)`::
-
-	Emits a thread-relative "region_enter" message with optional
-	printf string.
-+
-This function pushes a new region nesting stack level on the current
-thread and starts a clock for the new stack frame.
-+
-The `category` field is an arbitrary category name used to classify
-regions by feature area, such as "status" or "index".  At this time
-it is only just printed along with the rest of the message.  It may
-be used in the future to filter messages.
-+
-The `label` field is an arbitrary label used to describe the activity
-being started, such as "read_recursive" or "do_read_index".
-+
-The `repo` field, if set, will be used to get the "repo-id", so that
-recursive oerations can be attributed to the correct repository.
-
-`void trace2_region_leave(const char *category, const char *label, const struct repository *repo)`::
-
-`void trace2_region_leave_printf(const char *category, const char *label, const struct repository *repo, const char *fmt, ...)`::
-
-`void trace2_region_leave_printf_va(const char *category, const char *label, const struct repository *repo, const char *fmt, va_list ap)`::
-
-	Emits a thread-relative "region_leave" message with optional
-	printf string.
-+
-This function pops the region nesting stack on the current thread
-and reports the elapsed time of the stack frame.
-+
-The `category`, `label`, and `repo` fields are the same as above.
-The `category` and `label` do not need to match the correpsonding
-"region_enter" message, but it makes the data stream easier to
-understand.
-
-`void trace2_data_string(const char *category, const struct repository *repo, const char *key, const char * value)`::
-
-`void trace2_data_intmax(const char *category, const struct repository *repo, const char *key, intmax value)`::
-
-`void trace2_data_json(const char *category, const struct repository *repo, const char *key, const struct json_writer *jw)`::
+over regions or spans of code. e.g:
+`void trace2_region_enter(const char *category, const char *label, const struct repository *repo)`.
 
-	Emits a region- and thread-relative "data" or "data_json" message.
-+
-This is a key/value pair message containing information about the
-current thread, region stack, and repository.  This could be used
-to print the number of files in a directory during a multi-threaded
-recursive tree walk.
-
-`void trace2_printf(const char *fmt, ...)`::
-
-`void trace2_printf_va(const char *fmt, va_list ap)`::
-
-	Emits a region- and thread-relative "printf" message.
+Refer to trace2.h for details about all trace2 functions.
 
 == Trace2 Target Formats
 
@@ -605,17 +379,35 @@ only present on the "start" and "atexit" events.
 ==== Event-Specific Key/Value Pairs
 
 `"version"`::
-	This event gives the version of the executable and the EVENT format.
+	This event gives the version of the executable and the EVENT format. It
+	should always be the first event in a trace session. The EVENT format
+	version will be incremented if new event types are added, if existing
+	fields are removed, or if there are significant changes in
+	interpretation of existing events or fields. Smaller changes, such as
+	adding a new field to an existing event, will not require an increment
+	to the EVENT format version.
 +
 ------------
 {
 	"event":"version",
 	...
-	"evt":"1",		       # EVENT format version
+	"evt":"2",		       # EVENT format version
 	"exe":"2.20.1.155.g426c96fcdb" # git version
 }
 ------------
 
+`"discard"`::
+	This event is written to the git-trace2-discard sentinel file if there
+	are too many files in the target trace directory (see the
+	trace2.maxFiles config option).
++
+------------
+{
+	"event":"discard",
+	...
+}
+------------
+
 `"start"`::
 	This event contains the complete argv received by main().
 +
@@ -799,7 +591,7 @@ with "?".
 Note that the session-id of the child process is not available to
 the current/spawning process, so the child's PID is reported here as
 a hint for post-processing.  (But it is only a hint because the child
-proces may be a shell script which doesn't have a session-id.)
+process may be a shell script which doesn't have a session-id.)
 +
 Note that the `t_rel` field contains the observed run time in seconds
 for the child process (starting before the fork/exec/spawn and
@@ -1159,7 +951,7 @@ d0 | main                     | atexit       |     |  0.028809 |           |
 +
 Regions may be nested.  This causes messages to be indented in the
 PERF target, for example.
-Elapsed times are relative to the start of the correpsonding nesting
+Elapsed times are relative to the start of the corresponding nesting
 level as expected.  For example, if we add region message to:
 +
 ----------------
@@ -1354,7 +1146,7 @@ d0 | main                     | atexit       |     |  0.030027 |           |
 In this example, the preload region took 0.009122 seconds.  The 7 threads
 took between 0.006069 and 0.008947 seconds to work on their portion of
 the index.  Thread "th01" worked on 508 items at offset 0.  Thread "th02"
-worked on 508 items at offset 2032.  Thread "th04" worked on 508 itemts
+worked on 508 items at offset 2032.  Thread "th04" worked on 508 items
 at offset 508.
 +
 This example also shows that thread names are assigned in a racy manner
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index bde18622a8..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,147 +0,0 @@
-tree walking API
-================
-
-The tree walking API is used to traverse and inspect trees.
-
-Data Structures
----------------
-
-`struct name_entry`::
-
-	An entry in a tree. Each entry has a sha1 identifier, pathname, and
-	mode.
-
-`struct tree_desc`::
-
-	A semi-opaque data structure used to maintain the current state of the
-	walk.
-+
-* `buffer` is a pointer into the memory representation of the tree. It always
-points at the current entry being visited.
-
-* `size` counts the number of bytes left in the `buffer`.
-
-* `entry` points to the current entry being visited.
-
-`struct traverse_info`::
-
-	A structure used to maintain the state of a traversal.
-+
-* `prev` points to the traverse_info which was used to descend into the
-current tree. If this is the top-level tree `prev` will point to
-a dummy traverse_info.
-
-* `name` is the entry for the current tree (if the tree is a subtree).
-
-* `pathlen` is the length of the full path for the current tree.
-
-* `conflicts` can be used by callbacks to maintain directory-file conflicts.
-
-* `fn` is a callback called for each entry in the tree. See Traversing for more
-information.
-
-* `data` can be anything the `fn` callback would want to use.
-
-* `show_all_errors` tells whether to stop at the first error or not.
-
-Initializing
-------------
-
-`init_tree_desc`::
-
-	Initialize a `tree_desc` and decode its first entry. The buffer and
-	size parameters are assumed to be the same as the buffer and size
-	members of `struct tree`.
-
-`fill_tree_descriptor`::
-
-	Initialize a `tree_desc` and decode its first entry given the
-	object ID of a tree. Returns the `buffer` member if the latter
-	is a valid tree identifier and NULL otherwise.
-
-`setup_traverse_info`::
-
-	Initialize a `traverse_info` given the pathname of the tree to start
-	traversing from. The `base` argument is assumed to be the `path`
-	member of the `name_entry` being recursed into unless the tree is a
-	top-level tree in which case the empty string ("") is used.
-
-Walking
--------
-
-`tree_entry`::
-
-	Visit the next entry in a tree. Returns 1 when there are more entries
-	left to visit and 0 when all entries have been visited. This is
-	commonly used in the test of a while loop.
-
-`tree_entry_len`::
-
-	Calculate the length of a tree entry's pathname. This utilizes the
-	memory structure of a tree entry to avoid the overhead of using a
-	generic strlen().
-
-`update_tree_entry`::
-
-	Walk to the next entry in a tree. This is commonly used in conjunction
-	with `tree_entry_extract` to inspect the current entry.
-
-`tree_entry_extract`::
-
-	Decode the entry currently being visited (the one pointed to by
-	`tree_desc's` `entry` member) and return the sha1 of the entry. The
-	`pathp` and `modep` arguments are set to the entry's pathname and mode
-	respectively.
-
-`get_tree_entry`::
-
-	Find an entry in a tree given a pathname and the sha1 of a tree to
-	search. Returns 0 if the entry is found and -1 otherwise. The third
-	and fourth parameters are set to the entry's sha1 and mode
-	respectively.
-
-Traversing
-----------
-
-`traverse_trees`::
-
-	Traverse `n` number of trees in parallel. The `fn` callback member of
-	`traverse_info` is called once for each tree entry.
-
-`traverse_callback_t`::
-	The arguments passed to the traverse callback are as follows:
-+
-* `n` counts the number of trees being traversed.
-
-* `mask` has its nth bit set if something exists in the nth entry.
-
-* `dirmask` has its nth bit set if the nth tree's entry is a directory.
-
-* `entry` is an array of size `n` where the nth entry is from the nth tree.
-
-* `info` maintains the state of the traversal.
-
-+
-Returning a negative value will terminate the traversal. Otherwise the
-return value is treated as an update mask. If the nth bit is set the nth tree
-will be updated and if the bit is not set the nth tree entry will be the
-same in the next callback invocation.
-
-`make_traverse_path`::
-
-	Generate the full pathname of a tree entry based from the root of the
-	traversal. For example, if the traversal has recursed into another
-	tree named "bar" the pathname of an entry "baz" in the "bar"
-	tree would be "bar/baz".
-
-`traverse_path_len`::
-
-	Calculate the length of a pathname returned by `make_traverse_path`.
-	This utilizes the memory structure of a tree entry to avoid the
-	overhead of using a generic strlen().
-
-Authors
--------
-
-Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Linus Torvalds
-<torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-xdiff-interface.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-xdiff-interface.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6296ecad1d..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-xdiff-interface.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-xdiff interface API
-===================
-
-Talk about our calling convention to xdiff library, including
-xdiff_emit_consume_fn.
-
-(Dscho, JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/bundle-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/bundle-format.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e828151a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/bundle-format.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+= Git bundle v2 format
+
+The Git bundle format is a format that represents both refs and Git objects.
+
+== Format
+
+We will use ABNF notation to define the Git bundle format. See
+protocol-common.txt for the details.
+
+----
+bundle    = signature *prerequisite *reference LF pack
+signature = "# v2 git bundle" LF
+
+prerequisite = "-" obj-id SP comment LF
+comment      = *CHAR
+reference    = obj-id SP refname LF
+
+pack         = ... ; packfile
+----
+
+== Semantics
+
+A Git bundle consists of three parts.
+
+* "Prerequisites" lists the objects that are NOT included in the bundle and the
+  reader of the bundle MUST already have, in order to use the data in the
+  bundle. The objects stored in the bundle may refer to prerequisite objects and
+  anything reachable from them (e.g. a tree object in the bundle can reference
+  a blob that is reachable from a prerequisite) and/or expressed as a delta
+  against prerequisite objects.
+
+* "References" record the tips of the history graph, iow, what the reader of the
+  bundle CAN "git fetch" from it.
+
+* "Pack" is the pack data stream "git fetch" would send, if you fetch from a
+  repository that has the references recorded in the "References" above into a
+  repository that has references pointing at the objects listed in
+  "Prerequisites" above.
+
+In the bundle format, there can be a comment following a prerequisite obj-id.
+This is a comment and it has no specific meaning. The writer of the bundle MAY
+put any string here. The reader of the bundle MUST ignore the comment.
+
+=== Note on the shallow clone and a Git bundle
+
+Note that the prerequisites does not represent a shallow-clone boundary. The
+semantics of the prerequisites and the shallow-clone boundaries are different,
+and the Git bundle v2 format cannot represent a shallow clone repository.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt
index 729fbcb32f..808fa30b99 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ as "commit-graph" either in the .git/objects/info directory or in the info
 directory of an alternate.
 
 The commit-graph file stores the commit graph structure along with some
-extra metadata to speed up graph walks. By listing commit OIDs in lexi-
-cographic order, we can identify an integer position for each commit and
-refer to the parents of a commit using those integer positions. We use
-binary search to find initial commits and then use the integer positions
-for fast lookups during the walk.
+extra metadata to speed up graph walks. By listing commit OIDs in
+lexicographic order, we can identify an integer position for each commit
+and refer to the parents of a commit using those integer positions. We
+use binary search to find initial commits and then use the integer
+positions for fast lookups during the walk.
 
 A consumer may load the following info for a commit from the graph:
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ have generation number represented by the macro GENERATION_NUMBER_ZERO = 0.
 Since the commit-graph file is closed under reachability, we can guarantee
 the following weaker condition on all commits:
 
-    If A and B are commits with generation numbers N amd M, respectively,
+    If A and B are commits with generation numbers N and M, respectively,
     and N < M, then A cannot reach B.
 
 Note how the strict inequality differs from the inequality when we have
@@ -323,14 +323,14 @@ Related Links
 [0] https://bugs.chromium.org/p/git/issues/detail?id=8
     Chromium work item for: Serialized Commit Graph
 
-[1] https://public-inbox.org/git/20110713070517.GC18566@sigill.intra.peff.net/
+[1] https://lore.kernel.org/git/20110713070517.GC18566@sigill.intra.peff.net/
     An abandoned patch that introduced generation numbers.
 
-[2] https://public-inbox.org/git/20170908033403.q7e6dj7benasrjes@sigill.intra.peff.net/
+[2] https://lore.kernel.org/git/20170908033403.q7e6dj7benasrjes@sigill.intra.peff.net/
     Discussion about generation numbers on commits and how they interact
     with fsck.
 
-[3] https://public-inbox.org/git/20170908034739.4op3w4f2ma5s65ku@sigill.intra.peff.net/
+[3] https://lore.kernel.org/git/20170908034739.4op3w4f2ma5s65ku@sigill.intra.peff.net/
     More discussion about generation numbers and not storing them inside
     commit objects. A valuable quote:
 
@@ -342,9 +342,9 @@ Related Links
      commit objects (i.e., packv4 or something like the "metapacks" I
      proposed a few years ago)."
 
-[4] https://public-inbox.org/git/20180108154822.54829-1-git@jeffhostetler.com/T/#u
+[4] https://lore.kernel.org/git/20180108154822.54829-1-git@jeffhostetler.com/T/#u
     A patch to remove the ahead-behind calculation from 'status'.
 
-[5] https://public-inbox.org/git/f27db281-abad-5043-6d71-cbb083b1c877@gmail.com/
+[5] https://lore.kernel.org/git/f27db281-abad-5043-6d71-cbb083b1c877@gmail.com/
     A discussion of a "two-dimensional graph position" that can allow reading
     multiple commit-graph chains at the same time.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/hash-function-transition.txt b/Documentation/technical/hash-function-transition.txt
index 2ae8fa470a..5b2db3be1e 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/hash-function-transition.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/hash-function-transition.txt
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ Until Git protocol gains SHA-256 support, using SHA-256 based storage
 on public-facing Git servers is strongly discouraged. Once Git
 protocol gains SHA-256 support, SHA-256 based servers are likely not
 to support SHA-1 compatibility, to avoid what may be a very expensive
-hash reencode during clone and to encourage peers to modernize.
+hash re-encode during clone and to encourage peers to modernize.
 
 The design described here allows fetches by SHA-1 clients of a
 personal SHA-256 repository because it's not much more difficult than
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ git --output-format=sha1 log abac87a^{sha1}..f787cac^{sha256}
 
 Choice of Hash
 --------------
-In early 2005, around the time that Git was written,  Xiaoyun Wang,
+In early 2005, around the time that Git was written, Xiaoyun Wang,
 Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu announced an attack finding SHA-1
 collisions in 2^69 operations. In August they published details.
 Luckily, no practical demonstrations of a collision in full SHA-1 were
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ adoption.
 
 Using hash functions in parallel
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-(e.g. https://public-inbox.org/git/22708.8913.864049.452252@chiark.greenend.org.uk/ )
+(e.g. https://lore.kernel.org/git/22708.8913.864049.452252@chiark.greenend.org.uk/ )
 Objects newly created would be addressed by the new hash, but inside
 such an object (e.g. commit) it is still possible to address objects
 using the old hash function.
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ bmwill@google.com, jonathantanmy@google.com, jrnieder@gmail.com,
 sbeller@google.com
 
 Initial version sent to
-http://public-inbox.org/git/20170304011251.GA26789@aiede.mtv.corp.google.com
+http://lore.kernel.org/git/20170304011251.GA26789@aiede.mtv.corp.google.com
 
 2017-03-03 jrnieder@gmail.com
 Incorporated suggestions from jonathantanmy and sbeller:
@@ -820,8 +820,8 @@ Later history:
  edits. This document history is no longer being maintained as it
  would now be superfluous to the commit log
 
-[1] http://public-inbox.org/git/CA+55aFzJtejiCjV0e43+9oR3QuJK2PiFiLQemytoLpyJWe6P9w@mail.gmail.com/
-[2] http://public-inbox.org/git/CA+55aFz+gkAsDZ24zmePQuEs1XPS9BP_s8O7Q4wQ7LV7X5-oDA@mail.gmail.com/
-[3] http://public-inbox.org/git/20170306084353.nrns455dvkdsfgo5@sigill.intra.peff.net/
-[4] http://public-inbox.org/git/20170304224936.rqqtkdvfjgyezsht@genre.crustytoothpaste.net
-[5] https://public-inbox.org/git/CAJo=hJtoX9=AyLHHpUJS7fueV9ciZ_MNpnEPHUz8Whui6g9F0A@mail.gmail.com/
+[1] http://lore.kernel.org/git/CA+55aFzJtejiCjV0e43+9oR3QuJK2PiFiLQemytoLpyJWe6P9w@mail.gmail.com/
+[2] http://lore.kernel.org/git/CA+55aFz+gkAsDZ24zmePQuEs1XPS9BP_s8O7Q4wQ7LV7X5-oDA@mail.gmail.com/
+[3] http://lore.kernel.org/git/20170306084353.nrns455dvkdsfgo5@sigill.intra.peff.net/
+[4] http://lore.kernel.org/git/20170304224936.rqqtkdvfjgyezsht@genre.crustytoothpaste.net
+[5] https://lore.kernel.org/git/CAJo=hJtoX9=AyLHHpUJS7fueV9ciZ_MNpnEPHUz8Whui6g9F0A@mail.gmail.com/
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
index 7c4d67aa6a..faa25c5c52 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ The remaining data of each directory block is grouped by type:
 == End of Index Entry
 
   The End of Index Entry (EOIE) is used to locate the end of the variable
-  length index entries and the begining of the extensions. Code can take
+  length index entries and the beginning of the extensions. Code can take
   advantage of this to quickly locate the index extensions without having
   to parse through all of the index entries.
 
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ The remaining data of each directory block is grouped by type:
 
   - A number of index offset entries each consisting of:
 
-    - 32-bit offset from the begining of the file to the first cache entry
+    - 32-bit offset from the beginning of the file to the first cache entry
 	in this block of entries.
 
     - 32-bit count of cache entries in this block
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/multi-pack-index.txt b/Documentation/technical/multi-pack-index.txt
index d7e57639f7..4e7631437a 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/multi-pack-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/multi-pack-index.txt
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Design Details
   directory of an alternate. It refers only to packfiles in that
   same directory.
 
-- The pack.multiIndex config setting must be on to consume MIDX files.
+- The core.multiPackIndex config setting must be on to consume MIDX files.
 
 - The file format includes parameters for the object ID hash
   function, so a future change of hash algorithm does not require
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ Related Links
 [0] https://bugs.chromium.org/p/git/issues/detail?id=6
     Chromium work item for: Multi-Pack Index (MIDX)
 
-[1] https://public-inbox.org/git/20180107181459.222909-1-dstolee@microsoft.com/
+[1] https://lore.kernel.org/git/20180107181459.222909-1-dstolee@microsoft.com/
     An earlier RFC for the multi-pack-index feature
 
-[2] https://public-inbox.org/git/alpine.DEB.2.20.1803091557510.23109@alexmv-linux/
+[2] https://lore.kernel.org/git/alpine.DEB.2.20.1803091557510.23109@alexmv-linux/
     Git Merge 2018 Contributor's summit notes (includes discussion of MIDX)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
index cab5bdd2ff..d3a142c652 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
@@ -315,10 +315,11 @@ CHUNK DATA:
 	    Stores two 4-byte values for every object.
 	    1: The pack-int-id for the pack storing this object.
 	    2: The offset within the pack.
-		If all offsets are less than 2^31, then the large offset chunk
+		If all offsets are less than 2^32, then the large offset chunk
 		will not exist and offsets are stored as in IDX v1.
 		If there is at least one offset value larger than 2^32-1, then
-		the large offset chunk must exist. If the large offset chunk
+		the large offset chunk must exist, and offsets larger than
+		2^31-1 must be stored in it instead. If the large offset chunk
 		exists and the 31st bit is on, then removing that bit reveals
 		the row in the large offsets containing the 8-byte offset of
 		this object.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
index c73e72de0e..d5ce4eea8a 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ update was successful, or 'ng [refname] [error]' if the update was not.
   command-ok        = PKT-LINE("ok" SP refname)
   command-fail      = PKT-LINE("ng" SP refname SP error-msg)
 
-  error-msg         = 1*(OCTECT) ; where not "ok"
+  error-msg         = 1*(OCTET) ; where not "ok"
 ----
 
 Updates can be unsuccessful for a number of reasons.  The reference can have
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/partial-clone.txt b/Documentation/technical/partial-clone.txt
index 896c7b3878..b9e17e7a28 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/partial-clone.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/partial-clone.txt
@@ -30,12 +30,20 @@ advance* during clone and fetch operations and thereby reduce download
 times and disk usage.  Missing objects can later be "demand fetched"
 if/when needed.
 
+A remote that can later provide the missing objects is called a
+promisor remote, as it promises to send the objects when
+requested. Initially Git supported only one promisor remote, the origin
+remote from which the user cloned and that was configured in the
+"extensions.partialClone" config option. Later support for more than
+one promisor remote has been implemented.
+
 Use of partial clone requires that the user be online and the origin
-remote be available for on-demand fetching of missing objects.  This may
-or may not be problematic for the user.  For example, if the user can
-stay within the pre-selected subset of the source tree, they may not
-encounter any missing objects.  Alternatively, the user could try to
-pre-fetch various objects if they know that they are going offline.
+remote or other promisor remotes be available for on-demand fetching
+of missing objects.  This may or may not be problematic for the user.
+For example, if the user can stay within the pre-selected subset of
+the source tree, they may not encounter any missing objects.
+Alternatively, the user could try to pre-fetch various objects if they
+know that they are going offline.
 
 
 Non-Goals
@@ -100,18 +108,18 @@ or commits that reference missing trees.
 Handling Missing Objects
 ------------------------
 
-- An object may be missing due to a partial clone or fetch, or missing due
-  to repository corruption.  To differentiate these cases, the local
-  repository specially indicates such filtered packfiles obtained from the
-  promisor remote as "promisor packfiles".
+- An object may be missing due to a partial clone or fetch, or missing
+  due to repository corruption.  To differentiate these cases, the
+  local repository specially indicates such filtered packfiles
+  obtained from promisor remotes as "promisor packfiles".
 +
 These promisor packfiles consist of a "<name>.promisor" file with
 arbitrary contents (like the "<name>.keep" files), in addition to
 their "<name>.pack" and "<name>.idx" files.
 
 - The local repository considers a "promisor object" to be an object that
-  it knows (to the best of its ability) that the promisor remote has promised
-  that it has, either because the local repository has that object in one of
+  it knows (to the best of its ability) that promisor remotes have promised
+  that they have, either because the local repository has that object in one of
   its promisor packfiles, or because another promisor object refers to it.
 +
 When Git encounters a missing object, Git can see if it is a promisor object
@@ -123,12 +131,12 @@ expensive-to-modify list of missing objects.[a]
 - Since almost all Git code currently expects any referenced object to be
   present locally and because we do not want to force every command to do
   a dry-run first, a fallback mechanism is added to allow Git to attempt
-  to dynamically fetch missing objects from the promisor remote.
+  to dynamically fetch missing objects from promisor remotes.
 +
 When the normal object lookup fails to find an object, Git invokes
-fetch-object to try to get the object from the server and then retry
-the object lookup.  This allows objects to be "faulted in" without
-complicated prediction algorithms.
+promisor_remote_get_direct() to try to get the object from a promisor
+remote and then retry the object lookup.  This allows objects to be
+"faulted in" without complicated prediction algorithms.
 +
 For efficiency reasons, no check as to whether the missing object is
 actually a promisor object is performed.
@@ -157,8 +165,7 @@ and prefetch those objects in bulk.
 +
 We are not happy with this global variable and would like to remove it,
 but that requires significant refactoring of the object code to pass an
-additional flag.  We hope that concurrent efforts to add an ODB API can
-encompass this.
+additional flag.
 
 
 Fetching Missing Objects
@@ -182,21 +189,63 @@ has been updated to not use any object flags when the corresponding argument
   though they are not necessary.
 
 
+Using many promisor remotes
+---------------------------
+
+Many promisor remotes can be configured and used.
+
+This allows for example a user to have multiple geographically-close
+cache servers for fetching missing blobs while continuing to do
+filtered `git-fetch` commands from the central server.
+
+When fetching objects, promisor remotes are tried one after the other
+until all the objects have been fetched.
+
+Remotes that are considered "promisor" remotes are those specified by
+the following configuration variables:
+
+- `extensions.partialClone = <name>`
+
+- `remote.<name>.promisor = true`
+
+- `remote.<name>.partialCloneFilter = ...`
+
+Only one promisor remote can be configured using the
+`extensions.partialClone` config variable. This promisor remote will
+be the last one tried when fetching objects.
+
+We decided to make it the last one we try, because it is likely that
+someone using many promisor remotes is doing so because the other
+promisor remotes are better for some reason (maybe they are closer or
+faster for some kind of objects) than the origin, and the origin is
+likely to be the remote specified by extensions.partialClone.
+
+This justification is not very strong, but one choice had to be made,
+and anyway the long term plan should be to make the order somehow
+fully configurable.
+
+For now though the other promisor remotes will be tried in the order
+they appear in the config file.
+
 Current Limitations
 -------------------
 
-- The remote used for a partial clone (or the first partial fetch
-  following a regular clone) is marked as the "promisor remote".
+- It is not possible to specify the order in which the promisor
+  remotes are tried in other ways than the order in which they appear
+  in the config file.
 +
-We are currently limited to a single promisor remote and only that
-remote may be used for subsequent partial fetches.
+It is also not possible to specify an order to be used when fetching
+from one remote and a different order when fetching from another
+remote.
+
+- It is not possible to push only specific objects to a promisor
+  remote.
 +
-We accept this limitation because we believe initial users of this
-feature will be using it on repositories with a strong single central
-server.
+It is not possible to push at the same time to multiple promisor
+remote in a specific order.
 
-- Dynamic object fetching will only ask the promisor remote for missing
-  objects.  We assume that the promisor remote has a complete view of the
+- Dynamic object fetching will only ask promisor remotes for missing
+  objects.  We assume that promisor remotes have a complete view of the
   repository and can satisfy all such requests.
 
 - Repack essentially treats promisor and non-promisor packfiles as 2
@@ -218,15 +267,17 @@ server.
 Future Work
 -----------
 
-- Allow more than one promisor remote and define a strategy for fetching
-  missing objects from specific promisor remotes or of iterating over the
-  set of promisor remotes until a missing object is found.
+- Improve the way to specify the order in which promisor remotes are
+  tried.
 +
-A user might want to have multiple geographically-close cache servers
-for fetching missing blobs while continuing to do filtered `git-fetch`
-commands from the central server, for example.
+For example this could allow to specify explicitly something like:
+"When fetching from this remote, I want to use these promisor remotes
+in this order, though, when pushing or fetching to that remote, I want
+to use those promisor remotes in that order."
+
+- Allow pushing to promisor remotes.
 +
-Or the user might want to work in a triangular work flow with multiple
+The user might want to work in a triangular work flow with multiple
 promisor remotes that each have an incomplete view of the repository.
 
 - Allow repack to work on promisor packfiles (while keeping them distinct
@@ -299,26 +350,26 @@ Related Links
 [0] https://crbug.com/git/2
     Bug#2: Partial Clone
 
-[1] https://public-inbox.org/git/20170113155253.1644-1-benpeart@microsoft.com/ +
+[1] https://lore.kernel.org/git/20170113155253.1644-1-benpeart@microsoft.com/ +
     Subject: [RFC] Add support for downloading blobs on demand +
     Date: Fri, 13 Jan 2017 10:52:53 -0500
 
-[2] https://public-inbox.org/git/cover.1506714999.git.jonathantanmy@google.com/ +
+[2] https://lore.kernel.org/git/cover.1506714999.git.jonathantanmy@google.com/ +
     Subject: [PATCH 00/18] Partial clone (from clone to lazy fetch in 18 patches) +
     Date: Fri, 29 Sep 2017 13:11:36 -0700
 
-[3] https://public-inbox.org/git/20170426221346.25337-1-jonathantanmy@google.com/ +
+[3] https://lore.kernel.org/git/20170426221346.25337-1-jonathantanmy@google.com/ +
     Subject: Proposal for missing blob support in Git repos +
     Date: Wed, 26 Apr 2017 15:13:46 -0700
 
-[4] https://public-inbox.org/git/1488999039-37631-1-git-send-email-git@jeffhostetler.com/ +
+[4] https://lore.kernel.org/git/1488999039-37631-1-git-send-email-git@jeffhostetler.com/ +
     Subject: [PATCH 00/10] RFC Partial Clone and Fetch +
     Date: Wed,  8 Mar 2017 18:50:29 +0000
 
-[5] https://public-inbox.org/git/20170505152802.6724-1-benpeart@microsoft.com/ +
+[5] https://lore.kernel.org/git/20170505152802.6724-1-benpeart@microsoft.com/ +
     Subject: [PATCH v7 00/10] refactor the filter process code into a reusable module +
     Date: Fri,  5 May 2017 11:27:52 -0400
 
-[6] https://public-inbox.org/git/20170714132651.170708-1-benpeart@microsoft.com/ +
+[6] https://lore.kernel.org/git/20170714132651.170708-1-benpeart@microsoft.com/ +
     Subject: [RFC/PATCH v2 0/1] Add support for downloading blobs on demand +
     Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2017 09:26:50 -0400
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt
index 40f91f6b1e..7e3766cafb 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ A `fetch` request can take the following arguments:
     ofs-delta
 	Indicate that the client understands PACKv2 with delta referring
 	to its base by position in pack rather than by an oid.  That is,
-	they can read OBJ_OFS_DELTA (ake type 6) in a packfile.
+	they can read OBJ_OFS_DELTA (aka type 6) in a packfile.
 
 If the 'shallow' feature is advertised the following arguments can be
 included in the clients request as well as the potential addition of the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
index 4a8be4d144..ceda4bbfda 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git
 only fixes the issue for file systems with exactly 1 ns or 1 s
 resolution. Other file systems are still broken in current Linux
 kernels (e.g. CEPH, CIFS, NTFS, UDF), see
-https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/6/9/714
+https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/5577240D.7020309@gmail.com/
 
 Racy Git
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/rerere.txt b/Documentation/technical/rerere.txt
index aa22d7ace8..af5f9fc24f 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/rerere.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/rerere.txt
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ early A became C or B, a late X became Y or Z".  We can see there are
 4 combinations of ("B or C", "C or B") x ("X or Y", "Y or X").
 
 By sorting, the conflict is given its canonical name, namely, "an
-early part became B or C, a late part becames X or Y", and whenever
+early part became B or C, a late part became X or Y", and whenever
 any of these four patterns appear, and we can get to the same conflict
 and resolution that we saw earlier.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/trace2-target-values.txt b/Documentation/trace2-target-values.txt
index 27d3c64e66..3985b6d3c2 100644
--- a/Documentation/trace2-target-values.txt
+++ b/Documentation/trace2-target-values.txt
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 * `0` or `false` - Disables the target.
 * `1` or `true` - Writes to `STDERR`.
 * `[2-9]` - Writes to the already opened file descriptor.
-* `<absolute-pathname>` - Writes to the file in append mode.
+* `<absolute-pathname>` - Writes to the file in append mode. If the target
+already exists and is a directory, the traces will be written to files (one
+per process) underneath the given directory.
 * `af_unix:[<socket_type>:]<absolute-pathname>` - Write to a
 Unix DomainSocket (on platforms that support them).  Socket
 type can be either `stream` or `dgram`; if omitted Git will
diff --git a/Documentation/urls.txt b/Documentation/urls.txt
index bc354fe2dc..1c229d7581 100644
--- a/Documentation/urls.txt
+++ b/Documentation/urls.txt
@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except the former implies
 --local option.
 endif::git-clone[]
 
+'git clone', 'git fetch' and 'git pull', but not 'git push', will also
+accept a suitable bundle file. See linkgit:git-bundle[1].
+
 When Git doesn't know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
 attempts to use the 'remote-<transport>' remote helper, if one
 exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax
diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
index 8bce75b2cf..833652983f 100644
--- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt
+++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-Git User Manual
-===============
+= Git User Manual
 
 Git is a fast distributed revision control system.
 
@@ -41,12 +40,10 @@ complete.
 
 
 [[repositories-and-branches]]
-Repositories and Branches
-=========================
+== Repositories and Branches
 
 [[how-to-get-a-git-repository]]
-How to get a Git repository
----------------------------
+=== How to get a Git repository
 
 It will be useful to have a Git repository to experiment with as you
 read this manual.
@@ -73,8 +70,7 @@ top-level directory named `.git`, which contains all the information
 about the history of the project.
 
 [[how-to-check-out]]
-How to check out a different version of a project
--------------------------------------------------
+=== How to check out a different version of a project
 
 Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a collection
 of files.  It stores the history as a compressed collection of
@@ -151,8 +147,7 @@ with no way to find the history it used to point to; so use this command
 carefully.
 
 [[understanding-commits]]
-Understanding History: Commits
-------------------------------
+=== Understanding History: Commits
 
 Every change in the history of a project is represented by a commit.
 The linkgit:git-show[1] command shows the most recent commit on the
@@ -202,8 +197,7 @@ history, including file data and directory contents, is stored in an object
 with a name that is a hash of its contents.
 
 [[understanding-reachability]]
-Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability
 
 Every commit (except the very first commit in a project) also has a
 parent commit which shows what happened before this commit.
@@ -227,8 +221,7 @@ that Y is a descendant of X, or that there is a chain of parents
 leading from commit Y to commit X.
 
 [[history-diagrams]]
-Understanding history: History diagrams
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Understanding history: History diagrams
 
 We will sometimes represent Git history using diagrams like the one
 below.  Commits are shown as "o", and the links between them with
@@ -247,8 +240,7 @@ If we need to talk about a particular commit, the character "o" may
 be replaced with another letter or number.
 
 [[what-is-a-branch]]
-Understanding history: What is a branch?
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Understanding history: What is a branch?
 
 When we need to be precise, we will use the word "branch" to mean a line
 of development, and "branch head" (or just "head") to mean a reference
@@ -261,8 +253,7 @@ However, when no confusion will result, we often just use the term
 "branch" both for branches and for branch heads.
 
 [[manipulating-branches]]
-Manipulating branches
----------------------
+=== Manipulating branches
 
 Creating, deleting, and modifying branches is quick and easy; here's
 a summary of the commands:
@@ -299,8 +290,7 @@ ref: refs/heads/master
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 [[detached-head]]
-Examining an old version without creating a new branch
-------------------------------------------------------
+=== Examining an old version without creating a new branch
 
 The `git switch` command normally expects a branch head, but will also
 accept an arbitrary commit when invoked with --detach; for example,
@@ -340,8 +330,7 @@ make up a name for the new branch.   You can still create a new branch
 (or tag) for this version later if you decide to.
 
 [[examining-remote-branches]]
-Examining branches from a remote repository
--------------------------------------------
+=== Examining branches from a remote repository
 
 The "master" branch that was created at the time you cloned is a copy
 of the HEAD in the repository that you cloned from.  That repository
@@ -383,8 +372,7 @@ Note that the name "origin" is just the name that Git uses by default
 to refer to the repository that you cloned from.
 
 [[how-git-stores-references]]
-Naming branches, tags, and other references
--------------------------------------------
+=== Naming branches, tags, and other references
 
 Branches, remote-tracking branches, and tags are all references to
 commits.  All references are named with a slash-separated path name
@@ -413,8 +401,7 @@ references with the same shorthand name, see the "SPECIFYING
 REVISIONS" section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
 
 [[Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch]]
-Updating a repository with git fetch
-------------------------------------
+=== Updating a repository with git fetch
 
 After you clone a repository and commit a few changes of your own, you
 may wish to check the original repository for updates.
@@ -425,8 +412,7 @@ repository.  It will not touch any of your own branches--not even the
 "master" branch that was created for you on clone.
 
 [[fetching-branches]]
-Fetching branches from other repositories
------------------------------------------
+=== Fetching branches from other repositories
 
 You can also track branches from repositories other than the one you
 cloned from, using linkgit:git-remote[1]:
@@ -474,8 +460,7 @@ text editor.  (See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of
 linkgit:git-config[1] for details.)
 
 [[exploring-git-history]]
-Exploring Git history
-=====================
+== Exploring Git history
 
 Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a
 collection of files.  It does this by storing compressed snapshots of
@@ -489,8 +474,7 @@ We start with one specialized tool that is useful for finding the
 commit that introduced a bug into a project.
 
 [[using-bisect]]
-How to use bisect to find a regression
---------------------------------------
+=== How to use bisect to find a regression
 
 Suppose version 2.6.18 of your project worked, but the version at
 "master" crashes.  Sometimes the best way to find the cause of such a
@@ -572,8 +556,7 @@ linkgit:git-bisect[1] for more information about this and other `git
 bisect` features.
 
 [[naming-commits]]
-Naming commits
---------------
+=== Naming commits
 
 We have seen several ways of naming commits already:
 
@@ -637,8 +620,7 @@ e05db0fd4f31dde7005f075a84f96b360d05984b
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 [[creating-tags]]
-Creating tags
--------------
+=== Creating tags
 
 We can also create a tag to refer to a particular commit; after
 running
@@ -655,8 +637,7 @@ should create a tag object instead; see the linkgit:git-tag[1] man page
 for details.
 
 [[browsing-revisions]]
-Browsing revisions
-------------------
+=== Browsing revisions
 
 The linkgit:git-log[1] command can show lists of commits.  On its
 own, it shows all commits reachable from the parent commit; but you
@@ -697,8 +678,7 @@ multiple independent lines of development, the particular order that
 commits are listed in may be somewhat arbitrary.
 
 [[generating-diffs]]
-Generating diffs
-----------------
+=== Generating diffs
 
 You can generate diffs between any two versions using
 linkgit:git-diff[1]:
@@ -726,8 +706,7 @@ will generate a file with a patch for each commit reachable from test
 but not from master.
 
 [[viewing-old-file-versions]]
-Viewing old file versions
--------------------------
+=== Viewing old file versions
 
 You can always view an old version of a file by just checking out the
 correct revision first.  But sometimes it is more convenient to be
@@ -742,12 +721,10 @@ Before the colon may be anything that names a commit, and after it
 may be any path to a file tracked by Git.
 
 [[history-examples]]
-Examples
---------
+=== Examples
 
 [[counting-commits-on-a-branch]]
-Counting the number of commits on a branch
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Counting the number of commits on a branch
 
 Suppose you want to know how many commits you've made on `mybranch`
 since it diverged from `origin`:
@@ -765,8 +742,7 @@ $ git rev-list origin..mybranch | wc -l
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 [[checking-for-equal-branches]]
-Check whether two branches point at the same history
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Check whether two branches point at the same history
 
 Suppose you want to check whether two branches point at the same point
 in history.
@@ -798,8 +774,7 @@ $ git log origin...master
 will return no commits when the two branches are equal.
 
 [[finding-tagged-descendants]]
-Find first tagged version including a given fix
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Find first tagged version including a given fix
 
 Suppose you know that the commit e05db0fd fixed a certain problem.
 You'd like to find the earliest tagged release that contains that
@@ -883,8 +858,7 @@ shows that e05db0fd is reachable from itself, from v1.5.0-rc1,
 and from v1.5.0-rc2, and not from v1.5.0-rc0.
 
 [[showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch]]
-Showing commits unique to a given branch
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Showing commits unique to a given branch
 
 Suppose you would like to see all the commits reachable from the branch
 head named `master` but not from any other head in your repository.
@@ -931,8 +905,7 @@ $ gitk $( git show-ref --heads ) --not  $( git show-ref --tags )
 syntax such as `--not`.)
 
 [[making-a-release]]
-Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release
 
 The linkgit:git-archive[1] command can create a tar or zip archive from
 any version of a project; for example:
@@ -983,8 +956,7 @@ and then he just cut-and-pastes the output commands after verifying that
 they look OK.
 
 [[Finding-commits-With-given-Content]]
-Finding commits referencing a file with given content
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Finding commits referencing a file with given content
 
 Somebody hands you a copy of a file, and asks which commits modified a
 file such that it contained the given content either before or after the
@@ -1000,12 +972,10 @@ student.  The linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-diff-tree[1], and
 linkgit:git-hash-object[1] man pages may prove helpful.
 
 [[Developing-With-git]]
-Developing with Git
-===================
+== Developing with Git
 
 [[telling-git-your-name]]
-Telling Git your name
----------------------
+=== Telling Git your name
 
 Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to Git.
 The easiest way to do so is to use linkgit:git-config[1]:
@@ -1030,8 +1000,7 @@ also edit it with your favorite editor.
 
 
 [[creating-a-new-repository]]
-Creating a new repository
--------------------------
+=== Creating a new repository
 
 Creating a new repository from scratch is very easy:
 
@@ -1052,8 +1021,7 @@ $ git commit
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 [[how-to-make-a-commit]]
-How to make a commit
---------------------
+=== How to make a commit
 
 Creating a new commit takes three steps:
 
@@ -1148,8 +1116,7 @@ for inclusion in the index (by right-clicking on the diff hunk and
 choosing "Stage Hunk For Commit").
 
 [[creating-good-commit-messages]]
-Creating good commit messages
------------------------------
+=== Creating good commit messages
 
 Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message
 with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
@@ -1162,8 +1129,7 @@ rest of the commit in the body.
 
 
 [[ignoring-files]]
-Ignoring files
---------------
+=== Ignoring files
 
 A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with Git.
 This typically includes files generated by a build process or temporary
@@ -1205,8 +1171,7 @@ Some Git commands can also take exclude patterns directly on the
 command line.  See linkgit:gitignore[5] for the details.
 
 [[how-to-merge]]
-How to merge
-------------
+=== How to merge
 
 You can rejoin two diverging branches of development using
 linkgit:git-merge[1]:
@@ -1254,8 +1219,7 @@ has two parents, one pointing to the top of the current branch, and
 one to the top of the other branch.
 
 [[resolving-a-merge]]
-Resolving a merge
------------------
+=== Resolving a merge
 
 When a merge isn't resolved automatically, Git leaves the index and
 the working tree in a special state that gives you all the
@@ -1297,8 +1261,7 @@ The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge.  But Git
 also provides more information to help resolve conflicts:
 
 [[conflict-resolution]]
-Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge
 
 All of the changes that Git was able to merge automatically are
 already added to the index file, so linkgit:git-diff[1] shows only
@@ -1401,8 +1364,7 @@ the different stages of that file will be "collapsed", after which
 `git diff` will (by default) no longer show diffs for that file.
 
 [[undoing-a-merge]]
-Undoing a merge
----------------
+=== Undoing a merge
 
 If you get stuck and decide to just give up and throw the whole mess
 away, you can always return to the pre-merge state with
@@ -1423,8 +1385,7 @@ itself have been merged into another branch, as doing so may confuse
 further merges.
 
 [[fast-forwards]]
-Fast-forward merges
--------------------
+=== Fast-forward merges
 
 There is one special case not mentioned above, which is treated
 differently.  Normally, a merge results in a merge commit, with two
@@ -1438,8 +1399,7 @@ to point at the head of the merged-in branch, without any new commits being
 created.
 
 [[fixing-mistakes]]
-Fixing mistakes
----------------
+=== Fixing mistakes
 
 If you've messed up the working tree, but haven't yet committed your
 mistake, you can return the entire working tree to the last committed
@@ -1463,8 +1423,7 @@ fundamentally different ways to fix the problem:
 	a branch that has had its history changed.
 
 [[reverting-a-commit]]
-Fixing a mistake with a new commit
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Fixing a mistake with a new commit
 
 Creating a new commit that reverts an earlier change is very easy;
 just pass the linkgit:git-revert[1] command a reference to the bad
@@ -1490,8 +1449,7 @@ conflicts manually, just as in the case of <<resolving-a-merge,
 resolving a merge>>.
 
 [[fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history]]
-Fixing a mistake by rewriting history
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Fixing a mistake by rewriting history
 
 If the problematic commit is the most recent commit, and you have not
 yet made that commit public, then you may just
@@ -1518,8 +1476,7 @@ this is an advanced topic to be left for
 <<cleaning-up-history,another chapter>>.
 
 [[checkout-of-path]]
-Checking out an old version of a file
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Checking out an old version of a file
 
 In the process of undoing a previous bad change, you may find it
 useful to check out an older version of a particular file using
@@ -1543,8 +1500,7 @@ $ git show HEAD^:path/to/file
 which will display the given version of the file.
 
 [[interrupted-work]]
-Temporarily setting aside work in progress
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Temporarily setting aside work in progress
 
 While you are in the middle of working on something complicated, you
 find an unrelated but obvious and trivial bug.  You would like to fix it
@@ -1575,8 +1531,7 @@ $ git stash pop
 
 
 [[ensuring-good-performance]]
-Ensuring good performance
--------------------------
+=== Ensuring good performance
 
 On large repositories, Git depends on compression to keep the history
 information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory.  Some
@@ -1587,12 +1542,10 @@ to avoid automatic compression kicking in when it is not convenient.
 
 
 [[ensuring-reliability]]
-Ensuring reliability
---------------------
+=== Ensuring reliability
 
 [[checking-for-corruption]]
-Checking the repository for corruption
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Checking the repository for corruption
 
 The linkgit:git-fsck[1] command runs a number of self-consistency checks
 on the repository, and reports on any problems.  This may take some
@@ -1618,12 +1571,10 @@ You can run `git fsck --no-dangling` to suppress these messages, and still
 view real errors.
 
 [[recovering-lost-changes]]
-Recovering lost changes
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Recovering lost changes
 
 [[reflogs]]
-Reflogs
-^^^^^^^
+===== Reflogs
 
 Say you modify a branch with <<fixing-mistakes,`git reset --hard`>>,
 and then realize that the branch was the only reference you had to
@@ -1670,8 +1621,7 @@ same project, the reflog history is not shared: it tells you only about
 how the branches in your local repository have changed over time.
 
 [[dangling-object-recovery]]
-Examining dangling objects
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+===== Examining dangling objects
 
 In some situations the reflog may not be able to save you.  For example,
 suppose you delete a branch, then realize you need the history it
@@ -1715,12 +1665,10 @@ dangling objects can arise in other situations.
 
 
 [[sharing-development]]
-Sharing development with others
-===============================
+== Sharing development with others
 
 [[getting-updates-With-git-pull]]
-Getting updates with git pull
------------------------------
+=== Getting updates with git pull
 
 After you clone a repository and commit a few changes of your own, you
 may wish to check the original repository for updates and merge them
@@ -1783,8 +1731,7 @@ $ git merge branch
 are roughly equivalent.
 
 [[submitting-patches]]
-Submitting patches to a project
--------------------------------
+=== Submitting patches to a project
 
 If you just have a few changes, the simplest way to submit them may
 just be to send them as patches in email:
@@ -1812,8 +1759,7 @@ Consult the mailing list for your project first to determine
 their requirements for submitting patches.
 
 [[importing-patches]]
-Importing patches to a project
-------------------------------
+=== Importing patches to a project
 
 Git also provides a tool called linkgit:git-am[1] (am stands for
 "apply mailbox"), for importing such an emailed series of patches.
@@ -1845,8 +1791,7 @@ the original mailbox, with authorship and commit log message each
 taken from the message containing each patch.
 
 [[public-repositories]]
-Public Git repositories
------------------------
+=== Public Git repositories
 
 Another way to submit changes to a project is to tell the maintainer
 of that project to pull the changes from your repository using
@@ -1886,21 +1831,22 @@ pull from that repository.  So the flow of changes, in a situation
 where there is one other developer with a public repository, looks
 like this:
 
-                        you push
-  your personal repo ------------------> your public repo
-	^                                     |
-	|                                     |
-	| you pull                            | they pull
-	|                                     |
-	|                                     |
-        |               they push             V
-  their public repo <------------------- their repo
+....
+		      you push
+your personal repo ------------------> your public repo
+      ^                                     |
+      |                                     |
+      | you pull                            | they pull
+      |                                     |
+      |                                     |
+      |               they push             V
+their public repo <------------------- their repo
+....
 
 We explain how to do this in the following sections.
 
 [[setting-up-a-public-repository]]
-Setting up a public repository
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Setting up a public repository
 
 Assume your personal repository is in the directory `~/proj`.  We
 first create a new clone of the repository and tell `git daemon` that it
@@ -1920,8 +1866,7 @@ public repository.  You can use scp, rsync, or whatever is most
 convenient.
 
 [[exporting-via-git]]
-Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol
 
 This is the preferred method.
 
@@ -1942,8 +1887,7 @@ linkgit:git-daemon[1] man page for details.  (See especially the
 examples section.)
 
 [[exporting-via-http]]
-Exporting a git repository via HTTP
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Exporting a git repository via HTTP
 
 The Git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a
 host with a web server set up, HTTP exports may be simpler to set up.
@@ -1975,8 +1919,7 @@ for a slightly more sophisticated setup using WebDAV which also
 allows pushing over HTTP.)
 
 [[pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository]]
-Pushing changes to a public repository
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Pushing changes to a public repository
 
 Note that the two techniques outlined above (exporting via
 <<exporting-via-http,http>> or <<exporting-via-git,git>>) allow other
@@ -2035,8 +1978,7 @@ See the explanations of the `remote.<name>.url`,
 linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
 
 [[forcing-push]]
-What to do when a push fails
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== What to do when a push fails
 
 If a push would not result in a <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>> of the
 remote branch, then it will fail with an error like:
@@ -2090,8 +2032,7 @@ pull, or by a fetch followed by a rebase; see the
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for more.
 
 [[setting-up-a-shared-repository]]
-Setting up a shared repository
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Setting up a shared repository
 
 Another way to collaborate is by using a model similar to that
 commonly used in CVS, where several developers with special rights
@@ -2121,8 +2062,7 @@ advantages over the central shared repository:
 	  "out".
 
 [[setting-up-gitweb]]
-Allowing web browsing of a repository
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Allowing web browsing of a repository
 
 The gitweb cgi script provides users an easy way to browse your
 project's revisions, file contents and logs without having to install
@@ -2138,8 +2078,7 @@ linkgit:gitweb[1] for instructions on details setting up a permanent
 installation with a CGI or Perl capable server.
 
 [[how-to-get-a-git-repository-with-minimal-history]]
-How to get a Git repository with minimal history
-------------------------------------------------
+=== How to get a Git repository with minimal history
 
 A <<def_shallow_clone,shallow clone>>, with its truncated
 history, is useful when one is interested only in recent history
@@ -2158,12 +2097,10 @@ have to result in huge conflicts.  This limitation may make such
 a repository unsuitable to be used in merge based workflows.
 
 [[sharing-development-examples]]
-Examples
---------
+=== Examples
 
 [[maintaining-topic-branches]]
-Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer
 
 This describes how Tony Luck uses Git in his role as maintainer of the
 IA64 architecture for the Linux kernel.
@@ -2459,8 +2396,7 @@ done
 
 
 [[cleaning-up-history]]
-Rewriting history and maintaining patch series
-==============================================
+== Rewriting history and maintaining patch series
 
 Normally commits are only added to a project, never taken away or
 replaced.  Git is designed with this assumption, and violating it will
@@ -2470,8 +2406,7 @@ However, there is a situation in which it can be useful to violate this
 assumption.
 
 [[patch-series]]
-Creating the perfect patch series
----------------------------------
+=== Creating the perfect patch series
 
 Suppose you are a contributor to a large project, and you want to add a
 complicated feature, and to present it to the other developers in a way
@@ -2503,8 +2438,7 @@ use them, and then explain some of the problems that can arise because
 you are rewriting history.
 
 [[using-git-rebase]]
-Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase
---------------------------------------------------
+=== Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase
 
 Suppose that you create a branch `mywork` on a remote-tracking branch
 `origin`, and create some commits on top of it:
@@ -2591,8 +2525,7 @@ the rebase.  See <<interactive-rebase>> for details, and
 <<reordering-patch-series>> for alternatives.
 
 [[rewriting-one-commit]]
-Rewriting a single commit
--------------------------
+=== Rewriting a single commit
 
 We saw in <<fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history>> that you can replace the
 most recent commit using
@@ -2610,8 +2543,7 @@ If you need to amend commits from deeper in your history, you can
 use <<interactive-rebase,interactive rebase's `edit` instruction>>.
 
 [[reordering-patch-series]]
-Reordering or selecting from a patch series
--------------------------------------------
+=== Reordering or selecting from a patch series
 
 Sometimes you want to edit a commit deeper in your history.  One
 approach is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of patches
@@ -2630,8 +2562,7 @@ $ git am *.patch
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 [[interactive-rebase]]
-Using interactive rebases
--------------------------
+=== Using interactive rebases
 
 You can also edit a patch series with an interactive rebase.  This is
 the same as <<reordering-patch-series,reordering a patch series using
@@ -2688,16 +2619,14 @@ For a more detailed discussion of the procedure and additional tips,
 see the "INTERACTIVE MODE" section of linkgit:git-rebase[1].
 
 [[patch-series-tools]]
-Other tools
------------
+=== Other tools
 
 There are numerous other tools, such as StGit, which exist for the
 purpose of maintaining a patch series.  These are outside of the scope of
 this manual.
 
 [[problems-With-rewriting-history]]
-Problems with rewriting history
--------------------------------
+=== Problems with rewriting history
 
 The primary problem with rewriting the history of a branch has to do
 with merging.  Suppose somebody fetches your branch and merges it into
@@ -2745,8 +2674,7 @@ For true distributed development that supports proper merging,
 published branches should never be rewritten.
 
 [[bisect-merges]]
-Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history
------------------------------------------------------------------------
+=== Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history
 
 The linkgit:git-bisect[1] command correctly handles history that
 includes merge commits.  However, when the commit that it finds is a
@@ -2811,12 +2739,10 @@ linear by rebasing against the latest upstream version before
 publishing.
 
 [[advanced-branch-management]]
-Advanced branch management
-==========================
+== Advanced branch management
 
 [[fetching-individual-branches]]
-Fetching individual branches
-----------------------------
+=== Fetching individual branches
 
 Instead of using linkgit:git-remote[1], you can also choose just
 to update one branch at a time, and to store it locally under an
@@ -2844,8 +2770,7 @@ already have a branch named example-master, it will attempt to
 master branch.  In more detail:
 
 [[fetch-fast-forwards]]
-git fetch and fast-forwards
----------------------------
+=== git fetch and fast-forwards
 
 In the previous example, when updating an existing branch, `git fetch`
 checks to make sure that the most recent commit on the remote
@@ -2882,8 +2807,7 @@ unless you've already created a reference of your own pointing to
 them.
 
 [[forcing-fetch]]
-Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates
-------------------------------------------------
+=== Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates
 
 If git fetch fails because the new head of a branch is not a
 descendant of the old head, you may force the update with:
@@ -2903,8 +2827,7 @@ Be aware that commits that the old version of example/master pointed at
 may be lost, as we saw in the previous section.
 
 [[remote-branch-configuration]]
-Configuring remote-tracking branches
-------------------------------------
+=== Configuring remote-tracking branches
 
 We saw above that `origin` is just a shortcut to refer to the
 repository that you originally cloned from.  This information is
@@ -2955,8 +2878,7 @@ the refspec syntax.
 
 
 [[git-concepts]]
-Git concepts
-============
+== Git concepts
 
 Git is built on a small number of simple but powerful ideas.  While it
 is possible to get things done without understanding them, you will find
@@ -2966,8 +2888,7 @@ We start with the most important, the  <<def_object_database,object
 database>> and the <<def_index,index>>.
 
 [[the-object-database]]
-The Object Database
--------------------
+=== The Object Database
 
 
 We already saw in <<understanding-commits>> that all commits are stored
@@ -3011,8 +2932,7 @@ There are four different types of objects: "blob", "tree", "commit", and
 The object types in some more detail:
 
 [[commit-object]]
-Commit Object
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Commit Object
 
 The "commit" object links a physical state of a tree with a description
 of how we got there and why.  Use the `--pretty=raw` option to
@@ -3064,8 +2984,7 @@ commit whose parent is normally the current HEAD, and whose tree is
 taken from the content currently stored in the index.
 
 [[tree-object]]
-Tree Object
-~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Tree Object
 
 The ever-versatile linkgit:git-show[1] command can also be used to
 examine tree objects, but linkgit:git-ls-tree[1] will give you more
@@ -3104,8 +3023,7 @@ Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: Git actually only pays
 attention to the executable bit.
 
 [[blob-object]]
-Blob Object
-~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Blob Object
 
 You can use linkgit:git-show[1] to examine the contents of a blob; take,
 for example, the blob in the entry for `COPYING` from the tree above:
@@ -3134,8 +3052,7 @@ sometimes be useful for browsing the contents of a tree that is not
 currently checked out.
 
 [[trust]]
-Trust
-~~~~~
+==== Trust
 
 If you receive the SHA-1 name of a blob from one source, and its contents
 from another (possibly untrusted) source, you can still trust that those
@@ -3164,8 +3081,7 @@ like GPG/PGP.
 To assist in this, Git also provides the tag object...
 
 [[tag-object]]
-Tag Object
-~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Tag Object
 
 A tag object contains an object, object type, tag name, the name of the
 person ("tagger") who created the tag, and a message, which may contain
@@ -3194,8 +3110,7 @@ objects.  (Note that linkgit:git-tag[1] can also be used to create
 references whose names begin with `refs/tags/`).
 
 [[pack-files]]
-How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files
 
 Newly created objects are initially created in a file named after the
 object's SHA-1 hash (stored in `.git/objects`).
@@ -3253,8 +3168,7 @@ The linkgit:git-gc[1] command performs packing, pruning, and more for
 you, so is normally the only high-level command you need.
 
 [[dangling-objects]]
-Dangling objects
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Dangling objects
 
 The linkgit:git-fsck[1] command will sometimes complain about dangling
 objects.  They are not a problem.
@@ -3334,8 +3248,7 @@ don't want to do that while the filesystem is mounted.
 accesses to a repository but you might receive confusing or scary messages.)
 
 [[recovering-from-repository-corruption]]
-Recovering from repository corruption
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Recovering from repository corruption
 
 By design, Git treats data trusted to it with caution.  However, even in
 the absence of bugs in Git itself, it is still possible that hardware or
@@ -3452,8 +3365,7 @@ whole thing. It's up to you--Git does *have* a lot of information, it is
 just missing one particular blob version.
 
 [[the-index]]
-The index
----------
+=== The index
 
 The index is a binary file (generally kept in `.git/index`) containing a
 sorted list of path names, each with permissions and the SHA-1 of a blob
@@ -3511,8 +3423,7 @@ If you blow the index away entirely, you generally haven't lost any
 information as long as you have the name of the tree that it described.
 
 [[submodules]]
-Submodules
-==========
+== Submodules
 
 Large projects are often composed of smaller, self-contained modules.  For
 example, an embedded Linux distribution's source tree would include every
@@ -3698,8 +3609,8 @@ $ git push
 You have to run `git submodule update` after `git pull` if you want to update
 submodules, too.
 
-Pitfalls with submodules
-------------------------
+[[pitfalls-with-submodules]]
+=== Pitfalls with submodules
 
 Always publish the submodule change before publishing the change to the
 superproject that references it. If you forget to publish the submodule change,
@@ -3768,8 +3679,7 @@ submodule update` will not overwrite them.  Instead, you get the usual
 warning about not being able switch from a dirty branch.
 
 [[low-level-operations]]
-Low-level Git operations
-========================
+== Low-level Git operations
 
 Many of the higher-level commands were originally implemented as shell
 scripts using a smaller core of low-level Git commands.  These can still
@@ -3777,8 +3687,7 @@ be useful when doing unusual things with Git, or just as a way to
 understand its inner workings.
 
 [[object-manipulation]]
-Object access and manipulation
-------------------------------
+=== Object access and manipulation
 
 The linkgit:git-cat-file[1] command can show the contents of any object,
 though the higher-level linkgit:git-show[1] is usually more useful.
@@ -3795,8 +3704,7 @@ verified by linkgit:git-verify-tag[1], though it is normally simpler to
 use linkgit:git-tag[1] for both.
 
 [[the-workflow]]
-The Workflow
-------------
+=== The Workflow
 
 High-level operations such as linkgit:git-commit[1] and
 linkgit:git-restore[1] work by moving data
@@ -3811,8 +3719,7 @@ the database or the working directory. Thus there are four main
 combinations:
 
 [[working-directory-to-index]]
-working directory -> index
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== working directory -> index
 
 The linkgit:git-update-index[1] command updates the index with
 information from the working directory.  You generally update the
@@ -3848,8 +3755,7 @@ The previously introduced linkgit:git-add[1] is just a wrapper for
 linkgit:git-update-index[1].
 
 [[index-to-object-database]]
-index -> object database
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== index -> object database
 
 You write your current index file to a "tree" object with the program
 
@@ -3864,8 +3770,7 @@ use that tree to re-generate the index at any time by going in the
 other direction:
 
 [[object-database-to-index]]
-object database -> index
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== object database -> index
 
 You read a "tree" file from the object database, and use that to
 populate (and overwrite--don't do this if your index contains any
@@ -3881,8 +3786,7 @@ earlier. However, that is only your 'index' file: your working
 directory contents have not been modified.
 
 [[index-to-working-directory]]
-index -> working directory
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== index -> working directory
 
 You update your working directory from the index by "checking out"
 files. This is not a very common operation, since normally you'd just
@@ -3911,8 +3815,7 @@ Finally, there are a few odds and ends which are not purely moving
 from one representation to the other:
 
 [[tying-it-all-together]]
-Tying it all together
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== Tying it all together
 
 To commit a tree you have instantiated with `git write-tree`, you'd
 create a "commit" object that refers to that tree and the history
@@ -3986,8 +3889,7 @@ Here is a picture that illustrates how various pieces fit together:
 
 
 [[examining-the-data]]
-Examining the data
-------------------
+=== Examining the data
 
 You can examine the data represented in the object database and the
 index with various helper tools. For every object, you can use
@@ -4022,8 +3924,7 @@ $ git cat-file commit HEAD
 to see what the top commit was.
 
 [[merging-multiple-trees]]
-Merging multiple trees
-----------------------
+=== Merging multiple trees
 
 Git can help you perform a three-way merge, which can in turn be
 used for a many-way merge by repeating the merge procedure several
@@ -4073,8 +3974,7 @@ index file, and you can just write the result out with
 
 
 [[merging-multiple-trees-2]]
-Merging multiple trees, continued
----------------------------------
+=== Merging multiple trees, continued
 
 Sadly, many merges aren't trivial. If there are files that have
 been added, moved or removed, or if both branches have modified the
@@ -4144,15 +4044,13 @@ $ git merge-index git-merge-one-file hello.c
 and that is what higher level `git merge -s resolve` is implemented with.
 
 [[hacking-git]]
-Hacking Git
-===========
+== Hacking Git
 
 This chapter covers internal details of the Git implementation which
 probably only Git developers need to understand.
 
 [[object-details]]
-Object storage format
----------------------
+=== Object storage format
 
 All objects have a statically determined "type" which identifies the
 format of the object (i.e. how it is used, and how it can refer to other
@@ -4182,8 +4080,7 @@ of all objects, and verifies their internal consistency (in addition
 to just verifying their superficial consistency through the hash).
 
 [[birdview-on-the-source-code]]
-A birds-eye view of Git's source code
--------------------------------------
+=== A birds-eye view of Git's source code
 
 It is not always easy for new developers to find their way through Git's
 source code.  This section gives you a little guidance to show where to
@@ -4392,25 +4289,22 @@ You see, Git is actually the best tool to find out about the source of Git
 itself!
 
 [[glossary]]
-Git Glossary
-============
+== Git Glossary
 
 [[git-explained]]
-Git explained
--------------
+=== Git explained
 
 include::glossary-content.txt[]
 
 [[git-quick-start]]
-Appendix A: Git Quick Reference
-===============================
+[appendix]
+== Git Quick Reference
 
 This is a quick summary of the major commands; the previous chapters
 explain how these work in more detail.
 
 [[quick-creating-a-new-repository]]
-Creating a new repository
--------------------------
+=== Creating a new repository
 
 From a tarball:
 
@@ -4431,8 +4325,7 @@ $ cd project
 -----------------------------------------------
 
 [[managing-branches]]
-Managing branches
------------------
+=== Managing branches
 
 -----------------------------------------------
 $ git branch			# list all local branches in this repo
@@ -4496,8 +4389,7 @@ $ git branch -r			# list all remote branches
 
 
 [[exploring-history]]
-Exploring history
------------------
+=== Exploring history
 
 -----------------------------------------------
 $ gitk			    # visualize and browse history
@@ -4532,8 +4424,7 @@ $ git bisect bad		# if this revision is bad.
 -----------------------------------------------
 
 [[making-changes]]
-Making changes
---------------
+=== Making changes
 
 Make sure Git knows who to blame:
 
@@ -4563,8 +4454,7 @@ $ git commit -a	   # use latest content of all tracked files
 -----------------------------------------------
 
 [[merging]]
-Merging
--------
+=== Merging
 
 -----------------------------------------------
 $ git merge test   # merge branch "test" into the current branch
@@ -4574,8 +4464,7 @@ $ git pull . test  # equivalent to git merge test
 -----------------------------------------------
 
 [[sharing-your-changes]]
-Sharing your changes
---------------------
+=== Sharing your changes
 
 Importing or exporting patches:
 
@@ -4620,8 +4509,7 @@ $ git push example test
 -----------------------------------------------
 
 [[repository-maintenance]]
-Repository maintenance
-----------------------
+=== Repository maintenance
 
 Check for corruption:
 
@@ -4637,12 +4525,11 @@ $ git gc
 
 
 [[todo]]
-Appendix B: Notes and todo list for this manual
-===============================================
+[appendix]
+== Notes and todo list for this manual
 
 [[todo-list]]
-Todo list
----------
+=== Todo list
 
 This is a work in progress.
 
@@ -4687,5 +4574,5 @@ Write a chapter on using plumbing and writing scripts.
 Alternates, clone -reference, etc.
 
 More on recovery from repository corruption.  See:
-	http://marc.info/?l=git&m=117263864820799&w=2
-	http://marc.info/?l=git&m=117147855503798&w=2
+	https://lore.kernel.org/git/Pine.LNX.4.64.0702272039540.12485@woody.linux-foundation.org/
+	https://lore.kernel.org/git/Pine.LNX.4.64.0702141033400.3604@woody.linux-foundation.org/