merge(alcoholic_jwt): Integrate at //net/alcoholic_jwt r/269

6 files changed, 1268 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/net/alcoholic_jwt/.gitignore b/net/alcoholic_jwt/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..143b1ca01474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/net/alcoholic_jwt/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+/target/
+**/*.rs.bk
+Cargo.lock
diff --git a/net/alcoholic_jwt/Cargo.toml b/net/alcoholic_jwt/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..40db6b7bd1cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/net/alcoholic_jwt/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[package]
+name = "alcoholic_jwt"
+description = "Library for validation of RS256 JWTs"
+version = "1.0.0"
+authors = ["Vincent Ambo <vincent@aprila.no>"]
+keywords = ["jwt", "token", "jwks"]
+categories = ["authentication"]
+license = "GPL-3.0-or-later"
+repository = "https://github.com/aprilabank/alcoholic_jwt"
+
+[dependencies]
+base64 = "0.10"
+openssl = "0.10"
+serde = "1.0"
+serde_derive = "1.0"
+serde_json = "1.0"
diff --git a/net/alcoholic_jwt/LICENSE b/net/alcoholic_jwt/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..94a9ed024d38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/net/alcoholic_jwt/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
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+GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
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+
+  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
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+  Later license versions may give you additional or different
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+  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
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+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
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+    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
+might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
diff --git a/net/alcoholic_jwt/README.md b/net/alcoholic_jwt/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b9ff57df4be3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/net/alcoholic_jwt/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+alcoholic_jwt
+=============
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/aprilabank/alcoholic_jwt.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/aprilabank/alcoholic_jwt)
+
+This is a library for **validation** of **RS256** JWTs using keys from
+a JWKS. Nothing more, nothing less.
+
+RS256 is the most commonly used asymmetric signature mechanism for
+JWTs, encountered in for example [Google][]'s or [Aprila][]'s APIs.
+
+The name of the library stems from the potential side-effects of
+trying to use the other Rust libraries that are made for similar
+purposes.
+
+## Usage overview
+
+You are retrieving JWTs from some authentication provider that uses
+`RS256` signatures and provides its public keys in [JWKS][] format.
+
+Example for a token that provides the key ID used for signing in the
+[`kid` claim][]:
+
+```rust
+extern crate alcoholic_jwt;
+
+use alcoholic_jwt::{JWKS, Validation, validate, token_kid};
+
+// The function implied here would usually perform an HTTP-GET
+// on the JWKS-URL for an authentication provider and deserialize
+// the result into the `alcoholic_jwt::JWKS`-struct.
+let jwks: JWKS = jwks_fetching_function();
+
+let token: String = some_token_fetching_function();
+
+// Several types of built-in validations are provided:
+let validations = vec![
+  Validation::Issuer("auth.test.aprila.no".into()),
+  Validation::SubjectPresent,
+];
+
+// If a JWKS contains multiple keys, the correct KID first
+// needs to be fetched from the token headers.
+let kid = token_kid(&token)
+    .expect("Failed to decode token headers")
+    .expect("No 'kid' claim present in token");
+
+let jwk = jwks.find(&kid).expect("Specified key not found in set");
+
+validate(token, jwk, validations).expect("Token validation has failed!");
+```
+
+## Under the hood
+
+This library aims to only use trustworthy off-the-shelf components to
+do the work. Cryptographic operations are provided by the `openssl`
+crate, JSON-serialisation is provided by `serde_json`.
+
+[Google]: https://www.google.com/
+[Aprila]: https://www.aprila.no/
+[JWKS]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7517
+[`kid` claim]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7515#section-4.1.4
diff --git a/net/alcoholic_jwt/src/lib.rs b/net/alcoholic_jwt/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c98bee61505d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/net/alcoholic_jwt/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018  Aprila Bank ASA
+//
+// alcoholic_jwt is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+// published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+// License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//! Implements a library for for **validation** of **RS256** JWTs
+//! using keys from a JWKS. Nothing more, nothing less.
+//!
+//! The name of the library stems from the potential side-effects of
+//! trying to use the other Rust libraries that are made for similar
+//! purposes.
+//!
+//! This library is specifically aimed at developers that consume
+//! tokens from services which provide their RSA public keys in
+//! [JWKS][] format.
+//!
+//! ## Usage example (token with `kid`-claim)
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! # extern crate serde_json;
+//! extern crate alcoholic_jwt;
+//!
+//! use alcoholic_jwt::{JWKS, Validation, validate, token_kid};
+//!
+//! # fn some_token_fetching_function() -> &'static str {
+//! #   "eyJraWQiOiI4ckRxOFB3MEZaY2FvWFdURVZRbzcrVGYyWXpTTDFmQnhOS1BDZWJhYWk0PSIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2IiwidHlwIjoiSldUIn0.eyJpc3MiOiJhdXRoLnRlc3QuYXByaWxhLm5vIiwiaWF0IjoxNTM2MDUwNjkzLCJleHAiOjE1MzYwNTQyOTMsInN1YiI6IjQyIiwiZXh0Ijoic21va2V0ZXN0IiwicHJ2IjoiYXJpc3RpIiwic2NwIjoicHJvY2VzcyJ9.gOLsv98109qLkmRK6Dn7WWRHLW7o8W78WZcWvFZoxPLzVO0qvRXXRLYc9h5chpfvcWreLZ4f1cOdvxv31_qnCRSQQPOeQ7r7hj_sPEDzhKjk-q2aoNHaGGJg1vabI--9EFkFsGQfoS7UbMMssS44dgR68XEnKtjn0Vys-Vzbvz_CBSCH6yQhRLik2SU2jR2L7BoFvh4LGZ6EKoQWzm8Z-CHXLGLUs4Hp5aPhF46dGzgAzwlPFW4t9G4DciX1uB4vv1XnfTc5wqJch6ltjKMde1GZwLR757a8dJSBcmGWze3UNE2YH_VLD7NCwH2kkqr3gh8rn7lWKG4AUIYPxsw9CB"
+//! # }
+//!
+//! # fn jwks_fetching_function() -> JWKS {
+//! #   let jwks_json = "{\"keys\":[{\"kty\":\"RSA\",\"alg\":\"RS256\",\"use\":\"sig\",\"kid\":\"8rDq8Pw0FZcaoXWTEVQo7+Tf2YzSL1fBxNKPCebaai4=\",\"n\":\"l4UTgk1zr-8C8utt0E57DtBV6qqAPWzVRrIuQS2j0_hp2CviaNl5XzGRDnB8gwk0Hx95YOhJupAe6RNq5ok3fDdxL7DLvppJNRLz3Ag9CsmDLcbXgNEQys33fBJaPw1v3GcaFC4tisU5p-o1f5RfWwvwdBtdBfGiwT1GRvbc5sFx6M4iYjg9uv1lNKW60PqSJW4iDYrfqzZmB0zF1SJ0BL_rnQZ1Wi_UkFmNe9arM8W9tI9T3Ie59HITFuyVSTCt6qQEtSfa1e5PiBaVuV3qoFI2jPBiVZQ6LPGBWEDyz4QtrHLdECPPoTF30NN6TSVwwlRbCuUUrdNdXdjYe2dMFQ\",\"e\":\"DhaD5zC7mzaDvHO192wKT_9sfsVmdy8w8T8C9VG17_b1jG2srd3cmc6Ycw-0blDf53Wrpi9-KGZXKHX6_uIuJK249WhkP7N1SHrTJxO0sUJ8AhK482PLF09Qtu6cUfJqY1X1y1S2vACJZItU4Vjr3YAfiVGQXeA8frAf7Sm4O1CBStCyg6yCcIbGojII0jfh2vSB-GD9ok1F69Nmk-R-bClyqMCV_Oq-5a0gqClVS8pDyGYMgKTww2RHgZaFSUcG13KeLMQsG2UOB2OjSC8FkOXK00NBlAjU3d0Vv-IamaLIszO7FQBY3Oh0uxNOvIE9ofQyCOpB-xIK6V9CTTphxw\"}]}";
+//! #   serde_json::from_str(jwks_json).unwrap()
+//! # }
+//! #
+//! // The function implied here would usually perform an HTTP-GET
+//! // on the JWKS-URL for an authentication provider and deserialize
+//! // the result into the `alcoholic_jwt::JWKS`-struct.
+//! let jwks: JWKS = jwks_fetching_function();
+//!
+//! let token = some_token_fetching_function();
+//!
+//! // Several types of built-in validations are provided:
+//! let validations = vec![
+//!   Validation::Issuer("auth.test.aprila.no".into()),
+//!   Validation::SubjectPresent,
+//! ];
+//!
+//! // If a JWKS contains multiple keys, the correct KID first
+//! // needs to be fetched from the token headers.
+//! let kid = token_kid(&token)
+//!     .expect("Failed to decode token headers")
+//!     .expect("No 'kid' claim present in token");
+//!
+//! let jwk = jwks.find(&kid).expect("Specified key not found in set");
+//!
+//! validate(token, jwk, validations).expect("Token validation has failed!");
+//! ```
+//!
+//! [JWKS]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7517
+
+#[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive;
+
+extern crate base64;
+extern crate openssl;
+extern crate serde;
+extern crate serde_json;
+
+use base64::{URL_SAFE_NO_PAD, Config, DecodeError};
+use openssl::bn::BigNum;
+use openssl::error::ErrorStack;
+use openssl::hash::MessageDigest;
+use openssl::pkey::{Public, PKey};
+use openssl::rsa::Rsa;
+use openssl::sign::Verifier;
+use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
+use serde_json::Value;
+use std::time::{UNIX_EPOCH, Duration, SystemTime};
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;
+
+/// URL-safe character set without padding that allows trailing bits,
+/// which appear in some JWT implementations.
+///
+/// Note: The functions on `base64::Config` are not marked `const`,
+/// and the constructors are not exported, which is why this is
+/// implemented as a function.
+fn jwt_forgiving() -> Config {
+    URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.decode_allow_trailing_bits(true)
+}
+
+/// JWT algorithm used. The only supported algorithm is currently
+/// RS256.
+#[derive(Clone, Deserialize, Debug)]
+enum KeyAlgorithm { RS256 }
+
+/// Type of key contained in a JWT. The only supported key type is
+/// currently RSA.
+#[derive(Clone, Deserialize, Debug)]
+enum KeyType { RSA }
+
+/// Representation of a single JSON Web Key. See [RFC
+/// 7517](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7517#section-4).
+#[allow(dead_code)] // kty & alg only constrain deserialisation, but aren't used
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct JWK {
+    kty: KeyType,
+    alg: Option<KeyAlgorithm>,
+    kid: Option<String>,
+
+    // Shared modulus
+    n: String,
+
+    // Public key exponent
+    e: String,
+}
+
+/// Representation of a set of JSON Web Keys. See [RFC
+/// 7517](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7517#section-5).
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct JWKS {
+    // This is a vector instead of some kind of map-like structure
+    // because key IDs are in fact optional.
+    //
+    // Technically having multiple keys with the same KID would not
+    // violate the JWKS-definition either, but behaviour in that case
+    // is unspecified.
+    keys: Vec<JWK>,
+}
+
+impl JWKS {
+    /// Attempt to find a JWK by its key ID.
+    pub fn find(&self, kid: &str) -> Option<&JWK> {
+        self.keys.iter().find(|jwk| jwk.kid == Some(kid.into()))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Representation of an undecoded JSON Web Token. See [RFC
+/// 7519](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519).
+struct JWT<'a> (&'a str);
+
+/// Representation of a decoded and validated JSON Web Token.
+///
+/// Specific claim fields are only decoded internally in the library
+/// for validation purposes, while it is generally up to the consumer
+/// of the validated JWT what structure they would like to impose.
+pub struct ValidJWT {
+    /// JOSE header of the JSON Web Token. Certain fields are
+    /// guaranteed to be present in this header, consult section 5 of
+    /// RFC7519 for more information.
+    pub headers: Value,
+
+    /// Claims (i.e. primary data) contained in the JSON Web Token.
+    /// While there are several registered and recommended headers
+    /// (consult section 4.1 of RFC7519), the presence of no field is
+    /// guaranteed in these.
+    pub claims: Value,
+}
+
+/// Possible token claim validations. This enumeration only covers
+/// common use-cases, for other types of validations the user is
+/// encouraged to inspect the claim set manually.
+pub enum Validation {
+    /// Validate that the issuer ("iss") claim matches a specified
+    /// value.
+    Issuer(String),
+
+    /// Validate that the audience ("aud") claim matches a specified
+    /// value.
+    Audience(String),
+
+    /// Validate that a subject value is present.
+    SubjectPresent,
+
+    /// Validate that the expiry time of the token ("exp"-claim) has
+    /// not yet been reached.
+    NotExpired,
+}
+
+/// Possible results of a token validation.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum ValidationError {
+    /// Invalid number of token components (not a JWT?)
+    InvalidComponents,
+
+    /// Token segments had invalid base64-encoding.
+    InvalidBase64(DecodeError),
+
+    /// Decoding of the provided JWK failed.
+    InvalidJWK,
+
+    /// Signature validation failed, i.e. because of a non-matching
+    /// public key.
+    InvalidSignature,
+
+    /// An OpenSSL operation failed along the way at a point at which
+    /// a more specific error variant could not be constructed.
+    OpenSSL(ErrorStack),
+
+    /// JSON decoding into a provided type failed.
+    JSON(serde_json::Error),
+
+    /// One or more claim validations failed. This variant contains
+    /// human-readable validation errors.
+    InvalidClaims(Vec<&'static str>),
+}
+
+type JWTResult<T> = Result<T, ValidationError>;
+
+impl From<ErrorStack> for ValidationError {
+    fn from(err: ErrorStack) -> Self { ValidationError::OpenSSL(err) }
+}
+
+impl From<serde_json::Error> for ValidationError {
+    fn from(err: serde_json::Error) -> Self { ValidationError::JSON(err) }
+}
+
+impl From<DecodeError> for ValidationError {
+    fn from(err: DecodeError) -> Self { ValidationError::InvalidBase64(err) }
+}
+
+/// Attempt to extract the `kid`-claim out of a JWT's header claims.
+///
+/// This function is normally used when a token provider has multiple
+/// public keys in rotation at the same time that could all still have
+/// valid tokens issued under them.
+///
+/// This is only safe if the key set containing the currently allowed
+/// key IDs is fetched from a trusted source.
+pub fn token_kid(token: &str) -> JWTResult<Option<String>> {
+    // Fetch the header component of the JWT by splitting it out and
+    // dismissing the rest.
+    let parts: Vec<&str> = token.splitn(2, '.').collect();
+    if parts.len() != 2 {
+        return Err(ValidationError::InvalidComponents);
+    }
+
+    // Decode only the first part of the token into a specialised
+    // representation:
+    #[derive(Deserialize)]
+    struct KidOnly {
+        kid: Option<String>,
+    }
+
+    let kid_only: KidOnly = deserialize_part(parts[0])?;
+
+    Ok(kid_only.kid)
+}
+
+/// Validate the signature of a JSON Web Token and optionally apply
+/// claim validations. Signatures are always verified before claims,
+/// and if a signature verification passes *all* claim validations are
+/// run and returned.
+///
+/// If validation succeeds a representation of the token is returned
+/// that contains the header and claims as simple JSON values.
+///
+/// It is the user's task to ensure that the correct JWK is passed in
+/// for validation.
+pub fn validate(token: &str,
+                jwk: &JWK,
+                validations: Vec<Validation>) -> JWTResult<ValidJWT> {
+    let jwt = JWT(token);
+    let public_key = public_key_from_jwk(&jwk)?;
+    validate_jwt_signature(&jwt, public_key)?;
+
+    // Split out all three parts of the JWT this time, deserialising
+    // the first and second as appropriate.
+    let parts: Vec<&str> = jwt.0.splitn(3, '.').collect();
+    if parts.len() != 3 {
+        // This is unlikely considering that validation has already
+        // been performed at this point, but better safe than sorry.
+        return Err(ValidationError::InvalidComponents)
+    }
+
+    // Perform claim validations before constructing the valid token:
+    let partial_claims = deserialize_part(parts[1])?;
+    validate_claims(partial_claims, validations)?;
+
+    let headers = deserialize_part(parts[0])?;
+    let claims = deserialize_part(parts[1])?;
+    let valid_jwt = ValidJWT { headers, claims };
+
+    Ok(valid_jwt)
+}
+
+// Internal implementation
+//
+// The functions in the following section are not part of the public
+// API of this library.
+
+/// Decode a single key fragment (base64-url encoded integer) to an
+/// OpenSSL BigNum.
+fn decode_fragment(fragment: &str) -> JWTResult<BigNum> {
+    let bytes = base64::decode_config(fragment, jwt_forgiving())
+        .map_err(|_| ValidationError::InvalidJWK)?;
+
+    BigNum::from_slice(&bytes).map_err(Into::into)
+}
+
+/// Decode an RSA public key from a JWK by constructing it directly
+/// from the public RSA key fragments.
+fn public_key_from_jwk(jwk: &JWK) -> JWTResult<Rsa<Public>> {
+    let jwk_n = decode_fragment(&jwk.n)?;
+    let jwk_e = decode_fragment(&jwk.e)?;
+    Rsa::from_public_components(jwk_n, jwk_e).map_err(Into::into)
+}
+
+/// Decode a base64-URL encoded string and deserialise the resulting
+/// JSON.
+fn deserialize_part<T: DeserializeOwned>(part: &str) -> JWTResult<T> {
+    let json = base64::decode_config(part, jwt_forgiving())?;
+    serde_json::from_slice(&json).map_err(Into::into)
+}
+
+/// Validate the signature on a JWT using a provided public key.
+///
+/// A JWT is made up of three components (headers, claims, signature)
+/// - only the first two are part of the signed data.
+fn validate_jwt_signature(jwt: &JWT, key: Rsa<Public>) -> JWTResult<()> {
+    let key = PKey::from_rsa(key)?;
+    let mut verifier = Verifier::new(MessageDigest::sha256(), &key)?;
+
+    // Split the token from the back to a maximum of two elements.
+    // There are technically three components using the same separator
+    // ('.'), but we are interested in the first two together and
+    // splitting them is unnecessary.
+    let token_parts: Vec<&str> = jwt.0.rsplitn(2, '.').collect();
+    if token_parts.len() != 2 {
+        return Err(ValidationError::InvalidComponents);
+    }
+
+    // Second element of the vector will be the signed payload.
+    let data = token_parts[1];
+
+    // First element of the vector will be the (encoded) signature.
+    let sig_b64 = token_parts[0];
+    let sig = base64::decode_config(sig_b64, jwt_forgiving())?;
+
+    // Verify signature by inserting the payload data and checking it
+    // against the decoded signature.
+    verifier.update(data.as_bytes())?;
+
+    match verifier.verify(&sig)? {
+        true  => Ok(()),
+        false => Err(ValidationError::InvalidSignature),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Internal helper struct for claims that are relevant for claim
+/// validations.
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct PartialClaims {
+    aud: Option<String>,
+    iss: Option<String>,
+    sub: Option<String>,
+    exp: Option<u64>,
+}
+
+/// Apply a single validation to the claim set of a token.
+fn apply_validation(claims: &PartialClaims,
+                    validation: Validation) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+    match validation {
+        // Validate that an 'iss' claim is present and matches the
+        // supplied value.
+        Validation::Issuer(iss) => {
+            match claims.iss {
+                None => Err("'iss' claim is missing"),
+                Some(ref claim) => if *claim == iss {
+                    Ok(())
+                } else {
+                    Err("'iss' claim does not match")
+                }
+            }
+        },
+
+        // Validate that an 'aud' claim is present and matches the
+        // supplied value.
+        Validation::Audience(aud) => {
+            match claims.aud {
+                None => Err("'aud' claim is missing"),
+                Some(ref claim) => if *claim == aud {
+                    Ok(())
+                } else {
+                    Err("'aud' claim does not match")
+                }
+            }
+        },
+
+        Validation::SubjectPresent => match claims.sub {
+            Some(_) => Ok(()),
+            None => Err("'sub' claim is missing"),
+        },
+
+        Validation::NotExpired => match claims.exp {
+            None => Err("'exp' claim is missing"),
+            Some(exp) => {
+                // Determine the current timestamp in seconds since
+                // the UNIX epoch.
+                let now = SystemTime::now()
+                    .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
+                    // this is an unrecoverable, critical error. There
+                    // aren't many ways this can occur, other than
+                    // system time being set into the far future or
+                    // this library being used in some sort of future
+                    // museum.
+                    .expect("system time is likely incorrect");
+
+                // Convert the expiry time (which is also in epoch
+                // seconds) to a duration.
+                let exp_duration = Duration::from_secs(exp);
+
+                // The token has not expired if the expiry duration is
+                // larger than (i.e. in the future from) the current
+                // time.
+                if exp_duration > now {
+                    Ok(())
+                } else {
+                    Err("token has expired")
+                }
+            }
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+/// Apply all requested validations to a partial claim set.
+fn validate_claims(claims: PartialClaims,
+                   validations: Vec<Validation>) -> JWTResult<()> {
+    let validation_errors: Vec<_> = validations.into_iter()
+        .map(|v| apply_validation(&claims, v))
+        .filter_map(|result| match result {
+            Ok(_)    => None,
+            Err(err) => Some(err),
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    if validation_errors.is_empty() {
+        Ok(())
+    } else {
+        Err(ValidationError::InvalidClaims(validation_errors))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/net/alcoholic_jwt/src/tests.rs b/net/alcoholic_jwt/src/tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..81890986f8a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/net/alcoholic_jwt/src/tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018  Aprila Bank ASA
+//
+// alcoholic_jwt is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+// published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+// License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use super::*;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_fragment_decoding() {
+    let fragment = "ngRRjNbXgPW29oNtF0JgsyyfTwPyEL0u_X16s453X2AOc33XGFxVKLEQ7R_TiMenaKcr-tPifYqgps_deyi0XOr4I3SOdOMtAVKDZJCANe--CANOHZb-meIfjKhCHisvT90fm5Apd6qPRVsXsZ7A8pmClZHKM5fwZUkBv8NsPLm2Xy2sGOZIiwP_7z8m3j0abUzniPQsx2b3xcWimB9vRtshFHN1KgPUf1ALQ5xzLfJnlFkCxC7kmOxKC7_NpQ4kJR_DKzKFV_r3HxTqf-jddHcXIrrMcLQXCSyeLQtLaz7whQ4F-EfL42z4XgwPr4ji3sct2gWL13EqlbE5DDxLKQ";
+    let bignum = decode_fragment(fragment).expect("Failed to decode fragment");
+
+    let expected = "19947781743618558124649689124245117083485690334420160711273532766920651190711502679542723943527557680293732686428091794139998732541701457212387600480039297092835433997837314251024513773285252960725418984381935183495143908023024822433135775773958512751261112853383693442999603704969543668619221464654540065497665889289271044207667765128672709218996183649696030570183970367596949687544839066873508106034650634722970893169823917299050098551447676778961773465887890052852528696684907153295689693676910831376066659456592813140662563597179711588277621736656871685099184755908108451080261403193680966083938080206832839445289";
+    assert_eq!(expected, format!("{}", bignum), "Decoded fragment should match ");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_decode_find_jwks() {
+    let json = "{\"keys\":[{\"kty\":\"RSA\",\"alg\":\"RS256\",\"use\":\"sig\",\"kid\":\"mUjI\\/rIMLLtung35BKZfdbrqtlEAAYJ4JX\\/SKvnLxJc=\",\"n\":\"ngRRjNbXgPW29oNtF0JgsyyfTwPyEL0u_X16s453X2AOc33XGFxVKLEQ7R_TiMenaKcr-tPifYqgps_deyi0XOr4I3SOdOMtAVKDZJCANe--CANOHZb-meIfjKhCHisvT90fm5Apd6qPRVsXsZ7A8pmClZHKM5fwZUkBv8NsPLm2Xy2sGOZIiwP_7z8m3j0abUzniPQsx2b3xcWimB9vRtshFHN1KgPUf1ALQ5xzLfJnlFkCxC7kmOxKC7_NpQ4kJR_DKzKFV_r3HxTqf-jddHcXIrrMcLQXCSyeLQtLaz7whQ4F-EfL42z4XgwPr4ji3sct2gWL13EqlbE5DDxLKQ\",\"e\":\"GK7oLCDbNPAF59LhvyseqcG04hDnPs58qGYolr_HHmaR4lulWJ90ozx6e4Ut363yKG2p9vwvivR5UIC-aLPtqT2qr-OtjhBFzUFVaMGZ6mPCvMKk0AgMYdOHvWTgBSqQtNJTvl1yYLnhcWyoE2fLQhoEbY9qUyCBCEOScXOZRDpnmBtz5I8q5yYMV6a920J24T_IYbxHgkGcEU2SGg-b1cOMD7Rja7vCfV---CQ2pR4leQ0jufzudDoe7z3mziJm-Ihcdrz2Ujy5kPEMdz6R55prJ-ENKrkD_X4u5aSlSRaetwmHS3oAVkjr1JwUNbqnpM-kOqieqHEp8LUmez-Znw\"}]}";
+    let jwks: JWKS = serde_json::from_str(json).expect("Failed to decode JWKS");
+    let jwk = jwks.find("mUjI/rIMLLtung35BKZfdbrqtlEAAYJ4JX/SKvnLxJc=")
+        .expect("Failed to find required JWK");
+
+    public_key_from_jwk(&jwk).expect("Failed to construct public key from JWK");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_token_kid() {
+    let jwt = "eyJraWQiOiI4ckRxOFB3MEZaY2FvWFdURVZRbzcrVGYyWXpTTDFmQnhOS1BDZWJhYWk0PSIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2IiwidHlwIjoiSldUIn0.eyJpc3MiOiJhdXRoLnRlc3QuYXByaWxhLm5vIiwiaWF0IjoxNTM2MDUwNjkzLCJleHAiOjE1MzYwNTQyOTMsInN1YiI6IjQyIiwiZXh0Ijoic21va2V0ZXN0IiwicHJ2IjoiYXJpc3RpIiwic2NwIjoicHJvY2VzcyJ9.gOLsv98109qLkmRK6Dn7WWRHLW7o8W78WZcWvFZoxPLzVO0qvRXXRLYc9h5chpfvcWreLZ4f1cOdvxv31_qnCRSQQPOeQ7r7hj_sPEDzhKjk-q2aoNHaGGJg1vabI--9EFkFsGQfoS7UbMMssS44dgR68XEnKtjn0Vys-Vzbvz_CBSCH6yQhRLik2SU2jR2L7BoFvh4LGZ6EKoQWzm8Z-CHXLGLUs4Hp5aPhF46dGzgAzwlPFW4t9G4DciX1uB4vv1XnfTc5wqJch6ltjKMde1GZwLR757a8dJSBcmGWze3UNE2YH_VLD7NCwH2kkqr3gh8rn7lWKG4AUIYPxsw9CB";
+
+    let kid = token_kid(&jwt).expect("Failed to extract token KID");
+    assert_eq!(Some("8rDq8Pw0FZcaoXWTEVQo7+Tf2YzSL1fBxNKPCebaai4=".into()),
+               kid, "Extracted KID did not match expected KID");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_validate_jwt() {
+    let jwks_json = "{\"keys\":[{\"kty\":\"RSA\",\"alg\":\"RS256\",\"use\":\"sig\",\"kid\":\"8rDq8Pw0FZcaoXWTEVQo7+Tf2YzSL1fBxNKPCebaai4=\",\"n\":\"l4UTgk1zr-8C8utt0E57DtBV6qqAPWzVRrIuQS2j0_hp2CviaNl5XzGRDnB8gwk0Hx95YOhJupAe6RNq5ok3fDdxL7DLvppJNRLz3Ag9CsmDLcbXgNEQys33fBJaPw1v3GcaFC4tisU5p-o1f5RfWwvwdBtdBfGiwT1GRvbc5sFx6M4iYjg9uv1lNKW60PqSJW4iDYrfqzZmB0zF1SJ0BL_rnQZ1Wi_UkFmNe9arM8W9tI9T3Ie59HITFuyVSTCt6qQEtSfa1e5PiBaVuV3qoFI2jPBiVZQ6LPGBWEDyz4QtrHLdECPPoTF30NN6TSVwwlRbCuUUrdNdXdjYe2dMFQ\",\"e\":\"DhaD5zC7mzaDvHO192wKT_9sfsVmdy8w8T8C9VG17_b1jG2srd3cmc6Ycw-0blDf53Wrpi9-KGZXKHX6_uIuJK249WhkP7N1SHrTJxO0sUJ8AhK482PLF09Qtu6cUfJqY1X1y1S2vACJZItU4Vjr3YAfiVGQXeA8frAf7Sm4O1CBStCyg6yCcIbGojII0jfh2vSB-GD9ok1F69Nmk-R-bClyqMCV_Oq-5a0gqClVS8pDyGYMgKTww2RHgZaFSUcG13KeLMQsG2UOB2OjSC8FkOXK00NBlAjU3d0Vv-IamaLIszO7FQBY3Oh0uxNOvIE9ofQyCOpB-xIK6V9CTTphxw\"}]}";
+
+    let jwks: JWKS = serde_json::from_str(jwks_json)
+        .expect("Failed to decode JWKS");
+
+    let jwk = jwks.find("8rDq8Pw0FZcaoXWTEVQo7+Tf2YzSL1fBxNKPCebaai4=")
+        .expect("Failed to find required JWK");
+
+    let pkey = public_key_from_jwk(&jwk).expect("Failed to construct public key");
+
+    let jwt = JWT("eyJraWQiOiI4ckRxOFB3MEZaY2FvWFdURVZRbzcrVGYyWXpTTDFmQnhOS1BDZWJhYWk0PSIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2IiwidHlwIjoiSldUIn0.eyJpc3MiOiJhdXRoLnRlc3QuYXByaWxhLm5vIiwiaWF0IjoxNTM2MDUwNjkzLCJleHAiOjE1MzYwNTQyOTMsInN1YiI6IjQyIiwiZXh0Ijoic21va2V0ZXN0IiwicHJ2IjoiYXJpc3RpIiwic2NwIjoicHJvY2VzcyJ9.gOLsv98109qLkmRK6Dn7WWRHLW7o8W78WZcWvFZoxPLzVO0qvRXXRLYc9h5chpfvcWreLZ4f1cOdvxv31_qnCRSQQPOeQ7r7hj_sPEDzhKjk-q2aoNHaGGJg1vabI--9EFkFsGQfoS7UbMMssS44dgR68XEnKtjn0Vys-Vzbvz_CBSCH6yQhRLik2SU2jR2L7BoFvh4LGZ6EKoQWzm8Z-CHXLGLUs4Hp5aPhF46dGzgAzwlPFW4t9G4DciX1uB4vv1XnfTc5wqJch6ltjKMde1GZwLR757a8dJSBcmGWze3UNE2YH_VLD7NCwH2kkqr3gh8rn7lWKG4AUIYPxsw9CB".into());
+
+    validate_jwt_signature(&jwt, pkey).expect("Validation failed unexpectedly");
+}