git-log(1)
==========
NAME
----
git-log - Show commit logs
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git log' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Shows the commit logs.
:git-log: 1
include::rev-list-description.txt[]
The command takes options applicable to the linkgit:git-rev-list[1]
command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
the linkgit:git-diff[1] command to control how the changes
each commit introduces are shown.
OPTIONS
-------
--follow::
Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
(works only for a single file).
--no-decorate::
--decorate[=short|full|auto|no]::
Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If 'short' is
specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/', 'refs/tags/' and
'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is specified, the
full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. If 'auto' is
specified, then if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names
are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref names are
shown. The default option is 'short'.
--decorate-refs=<pattern>::
--decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>::
If no `--decorate-refs` is given, pretend as if all refs were
included. For each candidate, do not use it for decoration if it
matches any patterns given to `--decorate-refs-exclude` or if it
doesn't match any of the patterns given to `--decorate-refs`. The
`log.excludeDecoration` config option allows excluding refs from
the decorations, but an explicit `--decorate-refs` pattern will
override a match in `log.excludeDecoration`.
--source::
Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
commit was reached.
--[no-]mailmap::
--[no-]use-mailmap::
Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
--full-diff::
Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
+
Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
produced by `--stat`, etc.
--log-size::
Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
-L <start>,<end>:<file>::
-L :<funcname>:<file>::
Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>"
(or the function name regex <funcname>) within the <file>. You may
not give any pathspec limiters. This is currently limited to
a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
give zero or one positive revision arguments, and
<start> and <end> (or <funcname>) must exist in the starting revision.
You can specify this option more than once. Implies `--patch`.
Patch output can be suppressed using `--no-patch`, but other diff formats
(namely `--raw`, `--numstat`, `--shortstat`, `--dirstat`, `--summary`,
`--name-only`, `--name-status`, `--check`) are not currently implemented.
+
include::line-range-format.txt[]
<revision range>::
Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no
<revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD`
specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
(i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
ways to spell <revision range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
[--] <path>...::
Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
that match the specified paths came to be. See 'History
Simplification' below for details and other simplification
modes.
+
Paths may need to be prefixed with `--` to separate them from
options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
include::rev-list-options.txt[]
include::pretty-formats.txt[]
DIFF FORMATTING
---------------
By default, `git log` does not generate any diff output. The options
below can be used to show the changes made by each commit.
Note that unless one of `-c`, `--cc`, or `-m` is given, merge commits
will never show a diff, even if a diff format like `--patch` is
selected, nor will they match search options like `-S`. The exception is
when `--first-parent` is in use, in which merges are treated like normal
single-parent commits (this can be overridden by providing a
combined-diff option or with `--no-diff-merges`).
-c::
With this option, diff output for a merge commit
shows the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files
which were modified from all parents.
--cc::
This flag implies the `-c` option and further compresses the
patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in
the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks
one of them without modification.
--combined-all-paths::
This flag causes combined diffs (used for merge commits) to
list the name of the file from all parents. It thus only has
effect when -c or --cc are specified, and is likely only
useful if filename changes are detected (i.e. when either
rename or copy detection have been requested).
-m::
This flag makes the merge commits show the full diff like
regular commits; for each merge parent, a separate log entry
and diff is generated. An exception is that only diff against
the first parent is shown when `--first-parent` option is given;
in that case, the output represents the changes the merge
brought _into_ the then-current branch.
--diff-merges=off::
--no-diff-merges::
Disable output of diffs for merge commits (default). Useful to
override `-m`, `-c`, or `--cc`.
:git-log: 1
include::diff-options.txt[]
include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
EXAMPLES
--------
`git log --no-merges`::
Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges
`git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories
`git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
The `--` is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
'gitk'
`git log --name-status release..test`::
Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet
in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
each commit modifies.
`git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
those commits that occurred before the file was given its
present name.
`git log --branches --not --remotes=origin`::
Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
any of remote-tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
origin doesn't).
`git log master --not --remotes=*/master`::
Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
repository master branches.
`git log -p -m --first-parent`::
Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
`git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
over time.
`git log -3`::
Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
DISCUSSION
----------
include::i18n.txt[]
CONFIGURATION
-------------
See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
for settings related to diff generation.
format.pretty::
Default for the `--format` option. (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
Defaults to `medium`.
i18n.logOutputEncoding::
Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See 'Discussion' above.)
Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
otherwise.
log.date::
Default format for human-readable dates. (Compare the
`--date` option.) Defaults to "default", which means to write
dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`.
+
If the format is set to "auto:foo" and the pager is in use, format
"foo" will be the used for the date format. Otherwise "default" will
be used.
log.follow::
If `true`, `git log` will act as if the `--follow` option was used when
a single <path> is given. This has the same limitations as `--follow`,
i.e. it cannot be used to follow multiple files and does not work well
on non-linear history.
log.showRoot::
If `false`, `git log` and related commands will not treat the
initial commit as a big creation event. Any root commits in
`git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
The default is `true`.
log.showSignature::
If `true`, `git log` and related commands will act as if the
`--show-signature` option was passed to them.
mailmap.*::
See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
notes.displayRef::
Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef`
or `GIT_NOTES_REF`, to read notes from when showing commit
messages with the `log` family of commands. See
linkgit:git-notes[1].
+
May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified
multiple times. A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist,
but a glob that does not match any refs is silently ignored.
+
This setting can be disabled by the `--no-notes` option,
overridden by the `GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF` environment variable,
and overridden by the `--notes=<ref>` option.
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
