// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// File: btree_map.h
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// This header file defines B-tree maps: sorted associative containers mapping
// keys to values.
//
// * `absl::btree_map<>`
// * `absl::btree_multimap<>`
//
// These B-tree types are similar to the corresponding types in the STL
// (`std::map` and `std::multimap`) and generally conform to the STL interfaces
// of those types. However, because they are implemented using B-trees, they
// are more efficient in most situations.
//
// Unlike `std::map` and `std::multimap`, which are commonly implemented using
// red-black tree nodes, B-tree maps use more generic B-tree nodes able to hold
// multiple values per node. Holding multiple values per node often makes
// B-tree maps perform better than their `std::map` counterparts, because
// multiple entries can be checked within the same cache hit.
//
// However, these types should not be considered drop-in replacements for
// `std::map` and `std::multimap` as there are some API differences, which are
// noted in this header file.
//
// Importantly, insertions and deletions may invalidate outstanding iterators,
// pointers, and references to elements. Such invalidations are typically only
// an issue if insertion and deletion operations are interleaved with the use of
// more than one iterator, pointer, or reference simultaneously. For this
// reason, `insert()` and `erase()` return a valid iterator at the current
// position.
#ifndef ABSL_CONTAINER_BTREE_MAP_H_
#define ABSL_CONTAINER_BTREE_MAP_H_
#include "absl/container/internal/btree.h" // IWYU pragma: export
#include "absl/container/internal/btree_container.h" // IWYU pragma: export
namespace absl {
ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
// absl::btree_map<>
//
// An `absl::btree_map<K, V>` is an ordered associative container of
// unique keys and associated values designed to be a more efficient replacement
// for `std::map` (in most cases).
//
// Keys are sorted using an (optional) comparison function, which defaults to
// `std::less<K>`.
//
// An `absl::btree_map<K, V>` uses a default allocator of
// `std::allocator<std::pair<const K, V>>` to allocate (and deallocate)
// nodes, and construct and destruct values within those nodes. You may
// instead specify a custom allocator `A` (which in turn requires specifying a
// custom comparator `C`) as in `absl::btree_map<K, V, C, A>`.
//
template <typename Key, typename Value, typename Compare = std::less<Key>,
typename Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const Key, Value>>>
class btree_map
: public container_internal::btree_map_container<
container_internal::btree<container_internal::map_params<
Key, Value, Compare, Alloc, /*TargetNodeSize=*/256,
/*Multi=*/false>>> {
using Base = typename btree_map::btree_map_container;
public:
// Constructors and Assignment Operators
//
// A `btree_map` supports the same overload set as `std::map`
// for construction and assignment:
//
// * Default constructor
//
// absl::btree_map<int, std::string> map1;
//
// * Initializer List constructor
//
// absl::btree_map<int, std::string> map2 =
// {{1, "huey"}, {2, "dewey"}, {3, "louie"},};
//
// * Copy constructor
//
// absl::btree_map<int, std::string> map3(map2);
//
// * Copy assignment operator
//
// absl::btree_map<int, std::string> map4;
// map4 = map3;
//
// * Move constructor
//
// // Move is guaranteed efficient
// absl::btree_map<int, std::string> map5(std::move(map4));
//
// * Move assignment operator
//
// // May be efficient if allocators are compatible
// absl::btree_map<int, std::string> map6;
// map6 = std::move(map5);
//
// * Range constructor
//
// std::vector<std::pair<int, std::string>> v = {{1, "a"}, {2, "b"}};
// absl::btree_map<int, std::string> map7(v.begin(), v.end());
btree_map() {}
using Base::Base;
// btree_map::begin()
//
// Returns an iterator to the beginning of the `btree_map`.
using Base::begin;
// btree_map::cbegin()
//
// Returns a const iterator to the beginning of the `btree_map`.
using Base::cbegin;
// btree_map::end()
//
// Returns an iterator to the end of the `btree_map`.
using Base::end;
// btree_map::cend()
//
// Returns a const iterator to the end of the `btree_map`.
using Base::cend;
// btree_map::empty()
//
// Returns whether or not the `btree_map` is empty.
using Base::empty;
// btree_map::max_size()
//
// Returns the largest theoretical possible number of elements within a
// `btree_map` under current memory constraints. This value can be thought
// of as the largest value of `std::distance(begin(), end())` for a
// `btree_map<Key, T>`.
using Base::max_size;
// btree_map::size()
//
// Returns the number of elements currently within the `btree_map`.
using Base::size;
// btree_map::clear()
//
// Removes all elements from the `btree_map`. Invalidates any references,
// pointers, or iterators referring to contained elements.
using Base::clear;
// btree_map::erase()
//
// Erases elements within the `btree_map`. If an erase occurs, any references,
// pointers, or iterators are invalidated.
// Overloads are listed below.
//
// iterator erase(iterator position):
// iterator erase(const_iterator position):
//
// Erases the element at `position` of the `btree_map`, returning
// the iterator pointing to the element after the one that was erased
// (or end() if none exists).
//
// iterator erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last):
//
// Erases the elements in the open interval [`first`, `last`), returning
// the iterator pointing to the element after the interval that was erased
// (or end() if none exists).
//
// template <typename K> size_type erase(const K& key):
//
// Erases the element with the matching key, if it exists, returning the
// number of elements erased (0 or 1).
using Base::erase;
// btree_map::insert()
//
// Inserts an element of the specified value into the `btree_map`,
// returning an iterator pointing to the newly inserted element, provided that
// an element with the given key does not already exist. If an insertion
// occurs, any references, pointers, or iterators are invalidated.
// Overloads are listed below.
//
// std::pair<iterator,bool> insert(const value_type& value):
//
// Inserts a value into the `btree_map`. Returns a pair consisting of an
// iterator to the inserted element (or to the element that prevented the
// insertion) and a bool denoting whether the insertion took place.
//
// std::pair<iterator,bool> insert(value_type&& value):
//
// Inserts a moveable value into the `btree_map`. Returns a pair
// consisting of an iterator to the inserted element (or to the element that
// prevented the insertion) and a bool denoting whether the insertion took
// place.
//
// iterator insert(const_iterator hint, const value_type& value):
// iterator insert(const_iterator hint, value_type&& value):
//
// Inserts a value, using the position of `hint` as a non-binding suggestion
// for where to begin the insertion search. Returns an iterator to the
// inserted element, or to the existing element that prevented the
// insertion.
//
// void insert(InputIterator first, InputIterator last):
//
// Inserts a range of values [`first`, `last`).
//
// void insert(std::initializer_list<init_type> ilist):
//
// Inserts the elements within the initializer list `ilist`.
using Base::insert;
// btree_map::insert_or_assign()
//
// Inserts an element of the specified value into the `btree_map` provided
// that a value with the given key does not already exist, or replaces the
// corresponding mapped type with the forwarded `obj` argument if a key for
// that value already exists, returning an iterator pointing to the newly
// inserted element. Overloads are listed below.
//
// pair<iterator, bool> insert_or_assign(const key_type& k, M&& obj):
// pair<iterator, bool> insert_or_assign(key_type&& k, M&& obj):
//
// Inserts/Assigns (or moves) the element of the specified key into the
// `btree_map`. If the returned bool is true, insertion took place, and if
// it's false, assignment took place.
//
// iterator insert_or_assign(const_iterator hint,
// const key_type& k, M&& obj):
// iterator insert_or_assign(const_iterator hint, key_type&& k, M&& obj):
//
// Inserts/Assigns (or moves) the element of the specified key into the
// `btree_map` using the position of `hint` as a non-binding suggestion
// for where to begin the insertion search.
using Base::insert_or_assign;
// btree_map::emplace()
//
// Inserts an element of the specified value by constructing it in-place
// within the `btree_map`, provided that no element with the given key
// already exists.
//
// The element may be constructed even if there already is an element with the
// key in the container, in which case the newly constructed element will be
// destroyed immediately. Prefer `try_emplace()` unless your key is not
// copyable or moveable.
//
// If an insertion occurs, any references, pointers, or iterators are
// invalidated.
using Base::emplace;
// btree_map::emplace_hint()
//
// Inserts an element of the specified value by constructing it in-place
// within the `btree_map`, using the position of `hint` as a non-binding
// suggestion for where to begin the insertion search, and only inserts
// provided that no element with the given key already exists.
//
// The element may be constructed even if there already is an element with the
// key in the container, in which case the newly constructed element will be
// destroyed immediately. Prefer `try_emplace()` unless your key is not
// copyable or moveable.
//
// If an insertion occurs, any references, pointers, or iterators are
// invalidated.
using Base::emplace_hint;
// btree_map::try_emplace()
//
// Inserts an element of the specified value by constructing it in-place
// within the `btree_map`, provided that no element with the given key
// already exists. Unlike `emplace()`, if an element with the given key
// already exists, we guarantee that no element is constructed.
//
// If an insertion occurs, any references, pointers, or iterators are
// invalidated.
//
// Overloads are listed below.
//
// std::pair<iterator, bool> try_emplace(const key_type& k, Args&&... args):
// std::pair<iterator, bool> try_emplace(key_type&& k, Args&&... args):
//
// Inserts (via copy or move) the element of the specified key into the
// `btree_map`.
//
// iterator try_emplace(const_iterator hint,
// const key_type& k, Args&&... args):
// iterator try_emplace(const_iterator hint, key_type&& k, Args&&... args):
//
// Inserts (via copy or move) the element of the specified key into the
// `btree_map` using the position of `hint` as a non-binding suggestion
// for where to begin the insertion search.
using Base::try_emplace;
// btree_map::extract()
//
// Extracts the indicated element, erasing it in the process, and returns it
// as a C++17-compatible node handle. Overloads are listed below.
//
// node_type extract(const_iterator position):
//
// Extracts the element at the indicated position and returns a node handle
// owning that extracted data.
//
// template <typename K> node_type extract(const K& k):
//
// Extracts the element with the key matching the passed key value and
// returns a node handle owning that extracted data. If the `btree_map`
// does not contain an element with a matching key, this function returns an
// empty node handle.
//
// NOTE: when compiled in an earlier version of C++ than C++17,
// `node_type::key()` returns a const reference to the key instead of a
// mutable reference. We cannot safely return a mutable reference without
// std::launder (which is not available before C++17).
//
// NOTE: In this context, `node_type` refers to the C++17 concept of a
// move-only type that owns and provides access to the elements in associative
// containers (https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/node_handle).
// It does NOT refer to the data layout of the underlying btree.
using Base::extract;
// btree_map::merge()
//
// Extracts elements from a given `source` btree_map into this
// `btree_map`. If the destination `btree_map` already contains an
// element with an equivalent key, that element is not extracted.
using Base::merge;
// btree_map::swap(btree_map& other)
//
// Exchanges the contents of this `btree_map` with those of the `other`
// btree_map, avoiding invocation of any move, copy, or swap operations on
// individual elements.
//
// All iterators and references on the `btree_map` remain valid, excepting
// for the past-the-end iterator, which is invalidated.
using Base::swap;
// btree_map::at()
//
// Returns a reference to the mapped value of the element with key equivalent
// to the passed key.
using Base::at;
// btree_map::contains()
//
// template <typename K> bool contains(const K& key) const:
//
// Determines whether an element comparing equal to the given `key` exists
// within the `btree_map`, returning `true` if so or `false` otherwise.
//
// Supports heterogeneous lookup, provided that the map is provided a
// compatible heterogeneous comparator.
using Base::contains;
// btree_map::count()
//
// template <typename K> size_type count(const K& key) const:
//
// Returns the number of elements comparing equal to the given `key` within
// the `btree_map`. Note that this function will return either `1` or `0`
// since duplicate elements are not allowed within a `btree_map`.
//
// Supports heterogeneous lookup, provided that the map is provided a
// compatible heterogeneous comparator.
using Base::count;
// btree_map::equal_range()
//
// Returns a closed range [first, last], defined by a `std::pair` of two
// iterators, containing all elements with the passed key in the
// `btree_map`.
using Base::equal_range;
// btree_map::find()
//
// template <typename K> iterator find(const K& key):
// template <typename K> const_iterator find(const K& key) const:
//
// Finds an element with the passed `key` within the `btree_map`.
//
// Supports heterogeneous lookup, provided that the map is provided a
// compatible heterogeneous comparator.
using Base::find;
// btree_map::operator[]()
//
// Returns a reference to the value mapped to the passed key within the
// `btree_map`, performing an `insert()` if the key does not already
// exist.
//
// If an insertion occurs, any references, pointers, or iterators are
// invalidated. Otherwise iterators are not affected and references are not
// invalidated. Overloads are listed below.
//
// T& operator[](key_type&& key):
// T& operator[](const key_type& key):
//
// Inserts a value_type object constructed in-place if the element with the
// given key does not exist.
using Base::operator[];
// btree_map::get_allocator()
//
// Returns the allocator function associated with this `btree_map`.
using Base::get_allocator;
// btree_map::key_comp();
//
// Returns the key comparator associated with this `btree_map`.
using Base::key_comp;
// btree_map::value_comp();
//
// Returns the value comparator associated with this `btree_map`.
using Base::value_comp;
};
// absl::swap(absl::btree_map<>, absl::btree_map<>)
//
// Swaps the contents of two `absl::btree_map` containers.
template <typename K, typename V, typename C, typename A>
void swap(btree_map<K, V, C, A> &x, btree_map<K, V, C, A> &y) {
return x.swap(y);
}
// absl::erase_if(absl::btree_map<>, Pred)
//
// Erases all elements that satisfy the predicate pred from the container.
template <typename K, typename V, typename C, typename A, typename Pred>
void erase_if(btree_map<K, V, C, A> &map, Pred pred) {
for (auto it = map.begin(); it != map.end();) {
if (pred(*it)) {
it = map.erase(it);
} else {
++it;
}
}
}
// absl::btree_multimap
//
// An `absl::btree_multimap<K, V>` is an ordered associative container of
// keys and associated values designed to be a more efficient replacement for
// `std::multimap` (in most cases). Unlike `absl::btree_map`, a B-tree multimap
// allows multiple elements with equivalent keys.
//
// Keys are sorted using an (optional) comparison function, which defaults to
// `std::less<K>`.
//
// An `absl::btree_multimap<K, V>` uses a default allocator of
// `std::allocator<std::pair<const K, V>>` to allocate (and deallocate)
// nodes, and construct and destruct values within those nodes. You may
// instead specify a custom allocator `A` (which in turn requires specifying a
// custom comparator `C`) as in `absl::btree_multimap<K, V, C, A>`.
//
template <typename Key, typename Value, typename Compare = std::less<Key>,
typename Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const Key, Value>>>
class btree_multimap
: public container_internal::btree_multimap_container<
container_internal::btree<container_internal::map_params<
Key, Value, Compare, Alloc, /*TargetNodeSize=*/256,
/*Multi=*/true>>> {
using Base = typename btree_multimap::btree_multimap_container;
public:
// Constructors and Assignment Operators
//
// A `btree_multimap` supports the same overload set as `std::multimap`
// for construction and assignment:
//
// * Default constructor
//
// absl::btree_multimap<int, std::string> map1;
//
// * Initializer List constructor
//
// absl::btree_multimap<int, std::string> map2 =
// {{1, "huey"}, {2, "dewey"}, {3, "louie"},};
//
// * Copy constructor
//
// absl::btree_multimap<int, std::string> map3(map2);
//
// * Copy assignment operator
//
// absl::btree_multimap<int, std::string> map4;
// map4 = map3;
//
// * Move constructor
//
// // Move is guaranteed efficient
// absl::btree_multimap<int, std::string> map5(std::move(map4));
//
// * Move assignment operator
//
// // May be efficient if allocators are compatible
// absl::btree_multimap<int, std::string> map6;
// map6 = std::move(map5);
//
// * Range constructor
//
// std::vector<std::pair<int, std::string>> v = {{1, "a"}, {2, "b"}};
// absl::btree_multimap<int, std::string> map7(v.begin(), v.end());
btree_multimap() {}
using Base::Base;
// btree_multimap::begin()
//
// Returns an iterator to the beginning of the `btree_multimap`.
using Base::begin;
// btree_multimap::cbegin()
//
// Returns a const iterator to the beginning of the `btree_multimap`.
using Base::cbegin;
// btree_multimap::end()
//
// Returns an iterator to the end of the `btree_multimap`.
using Base::end;
// btree_multimap::cend()
//
// Returns a const iterator to the end of the `btree_multimap`.
using Base::cend;
// btree_multimap::empty()
//
// Returns whether or not the `btree_multimap` is empty.
using Base::empty;
// btree_multimap::max_size()
//
// Returns the largest theoretical possible number of elements within a
// `btree_multimap` under current memory constraints. This value can be
// thought of as the largest value of `std::distance(begin(), end())` for a
// `btree_multimap<Key, T>`.
using Base::max_size;
// btree_multimap::size()
//
// Returns the number of elements currently within the `btree_multimap`.
using Base::size;
// btree_multimap::clear()
//
// Removes all elements from the `btree_multimap`. Invalidates any references,
// pointers, or iterators referring to contained elements.
using Base::clear;
// btree_multimap::erase()
//
// Erases elements within the `btree_multimap`. If an erase occurs, any
// references, pointers, or iterators are invalidated.
// Overloads are listed below.
//
// iterator erase(iterator position):
// iterator erase(const_iterator position):
//
// Erases the element at `position` of the `btree_multimap`, returning
// the iterator pointing to the element after the one that was erased
// (or end() if none exists).
//
// iterator erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last):
//
// Erases the elements in the open interval [`first`, `last`), returning
// the iterator pointing to the element after the interval that was erased
// (or end() if none exists).
//
// template <typename K> size_type erase(const K& key):
//
// Erases the elements matching the key, if any exist, returning the
// number of elements erased.
using Base::erase;
// btree_multimap::insert()
//
// Inserts an element of the specified value into the `btree_multimap`,
// returning an iterator pointing to the newly inserted element.
// Any references, pointers, or iterators are invalidated. Overloads are
// listed below.
//
// iterator insert(const value_type& value):
//
// Inserts a value into the `btree_multimap`, returning an iterator to the
// inserted element.
//
// iterator insert(value_type&& value):
//
// Inserts a moveable value into the `btree_multimap`, returning an iterator
// to the inserted element.
//
// iterator insert(const_iterator hint, const value_type& value):
// iterator insert(const_iterator hint, value_type&& value):
//
// Inserts a value, using the position of `hint` as a non-binding suggestion
// for where to begin the insertion search. Returns an iterator to the
// inserted element.
//
// void insert(InputIterator first, InputIterator last):
//
// Inserts a range of values [`first`, `last`).
//
// void insert(std::initializer_list<init_type> ilist):
//
// Inserts the elements within the initializer list `ilist`.
using Base::insert;
// btree_multimap::emplace()
//
// Inserts an element of the specified value by constructing it in-place
// within the `btree_multimap`. Any references, pointers, or iterators are
// invalidated.
using Base::emplace;
// btree_multimap::emplace_hint()
//
// Inserts an element of the specified value by constructing it in-place
// within the `btree_multimap`, using the position of `hint` as a non-binding
// suggestion for where to begin the insertion search.
//
// Any references, pointers, or iterators are invalidated.
using Base::emplace_hint;
// btree_multimap::extract()
//
// Extracts the indicated element, erasing it in the process, and returns it
// as a C++17-compatible node handle. Overloads are listed below.
//
// node_type extract(const_iterator position):
//
// Extracts the element at the indicated position and returns a node handle
// owning that extracted data.
//
// template <typename K> node_type extract(const K& k):
//
// Extracts the element with the key matching the passed key value and
// returns a node handle owning that extracted data. If the `btree_multimap`
// does not contain an element with a matching key, this function returns an
// empty node handle.
//
// NOTE: when compiled in an earlier version of C++ than C++17,
// `node_type::key()` returns a const reference to the key instead of a
// mutable reference. We cannot safely return a mutable reference without
// std::launder (which is not available before C++17).
//
// NOTE: In this context, `node_type` refers to the C++17 concept of a
// move-only type that owns and provides access to the elements in associative
// containers (https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/node_handle).
// It does NOT refer to the data layout of the underlying btree.
using Base::extract;
// btree_multimap::merge()
//
// Extracts elements from a given `source` btree_multimap into this
// `btree_multimap`. If the destination `btree_multimap` already contains an
// element with an equivalent key, that element is not extracted.
using Base::merge;
// btree_multimap::swap(btree_multimap& other)
//
// Exchanges the contents of this `btree_multimap` with those of the `other`
// btree_multimap, avoiding invocation of any move, copy, or swap operations
// on individual elements.
//
// All iterators and references on the `btree_multimap` remain valid,
// excepting for the past-the-end iterator, which is invalidated.
using Base::swap;
// btree_multimap::contains()
//
// template <typename K> bool contains(const K& key) const:
//
// Determines whether an element comparing equal to the given `key` exists
// within the `btree_multimap`, returning `true` if so or `false` otherwise.
//
// Supports heterogeneous lookup, provided that the map is provided a
// compatible heterogeneous comparator.
using Base::contains;
// btree_multimap::count()
//
// template <typename K> size_type count(const K& key) const:
//
// Returns the number of elements comparing equal to the given `key` within
// the `btree_multimap`.
//
// Supports heterogeneous lookup, provided that the map is provided a
// compatible heterogeneous comparator.
using Base::count;
// btree_multimap::equal_range()
//
// Returns a closed range [first, last], defined by a `std::pair` of two
// iterators, containing all elements with the passed key in the
// `btree_multimap`.
using Base::equal_range;
// btree_multimap::find()
//
// template <typename K> iterator find(const K& key):
// template <typename K> const_iterator find(const K& key) const:
//
// Finds an element with the passed `key` within the `btree_multimap`.
//
// Supports heterogeneous lookup, provided that the map is provided a
// compatible heterogeneous comparator.
using Base::find;
// btree_multimap::get_allocator()
//
// Returns the allocator function associated with this `btree_multimap`.
using Base::get_allocator;
// btree_multimap::key_comp();
//
// Returns the key comparator associated with this `btree_multimap`.
using Base::key_comp;
// btree_multimap::value_comp();
//
// Returns the value comparator associated with this `btree_multimap`.
using Base::value_comp;
};
// absl::swap(absl::btree_multimap<>, absl::btree_multimap<>)
//
// Swaps the contents of two `absl::btree_multimap` containers.
template <typename K, typename V, typename C, typename A>
void swap(btree_multimap<K, V, C, A> &x, btree_multimap<K, V, C, A> &y) {
return x.swap(y);
}
// absl::erase_if(absl::btree_multimap<>, Pred)
//
// Erases all elements that satisfy the predicate pred from the container.
template <typename K, typename V, typename C, typename A, typename Pred>
void erase_if(btree_multimap<K, V, C, A> &map, Pred pred) {
for (auto it = map.begin(); it != map.end();) {
if (pred(*it)) {
it = map.erase(it);
} else {
++it;
}
}
}
ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
} // namespace absl
#endif // ABSL_CONTAINER_BTREE_MAP_H_
