// Copyright 2017 The Abseil Authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include "absl/base/internal/spinlock.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <atomic>
#include <limits>
#include "absl/base/attributes.h"
#include "absl/base/internal/atomic_hook.h"
#include "absl/base/internal/cycleclock.h"
#include "absl/base/internal/spinlock_wait.h"
#include "absl/base/internal/sysinfo.h" /* For NumCPUs() */
#include "absl/base/call_once.h"
// Description of lock-word:
// 31..00: [............................3][2][1][0]
//
// [0]: kSpinLockHeld
// [1]: kSpinLockCooperative
// [2]: kSpinLockDisabledScheduling
// [31..3]: ONLY kSpinLockSleeper OR
// Wait time in cycles >> PROFILE_TIMESTAMP_SHIFT
//
// Detailed descriptions:
//
// Bit [0]: The lock is considered held iff kSpinLockHeld is set.
//
// Bit [1]: Eligible waiters (e.g. Fibers) may co-operatively reschedule when
// contended iff kSpinLockCooperative is set.
//
// Bit [2]: This bit is exclusive from bit [1]. It is used only by a
// non-cooperative lock. When set, indicates that scheduling was
// successfully disabled when the lock was acquired. May be unset,
// even if non-cooperative, if a ThreadIdentity did not yet exist at
// time of acquisition.
//
// Bit [3]: If this is the only upper bit ([31..3]) set then this lock was
// acquired without contention, however, at least one waiter exists.
//
// Otherwise, bits [31..3] represent the time spent by the current lock
// holder to acquire the lock. There may be outstanding waiter(s).
namespace absl {
ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
namespace base_internal {
ABSL_INTERNAL_ATOMIC_HOOK_ATTRIBUTES static base_internal::AtomicHook<void (*)(
const void *lock, int64_t wait_cycles)>
submit_profile_data;
void RegisterSpinLockProfiler(void (*fn)(const void *contendedlock,
int64_t wait_cycles)) {
submit_profile_data.Store(fn);
}
// Static member variable definitions.
constexpr uint32_t SpinLock::kSpinLockHeld;
constexpr uint32_t SpinLock::kSpinLockCooperative;
constexpr uint32_t SpinLock::kSpinLockDisabledScheduling;
constexpr uint32_t SpinLock::kSpinLockSleeper;
constexpr uint32_t SpinLock::kWaitTimeMask;
// Uncommon constructors.
SpinLock::SpinLock(base_internal::SchedulingMode mode)
: lockword_(IsCooperative(mode) ? kSpinLockCooperative : 0) {
ABSL_TSAN_MUTEX_CREATE(this, __tsan_mutex_not_static);
}
// Monitor the lock to see if its value changes within some time period
// (adaptive_spin_count loop iterations). The last value read from the lock
// is returned from the method.
uint32_t SpinLock::SpinLoop() {
// We are already in the slow path of SpinLock, initialize the
// adaptive_spin_count here.
ABSL_CONST_INIT static absl::once_flag init_adaptive_spin_count;
ABSL_CONST_INIT static int adaptive_spin_count = 0;
base_internal::LowLevelCallOnce(&init_adaptive_spin_count, []() {
adaptive_spin_count = base_internal::NumCPUs() > 1 ? 1000 : 1;
});
int c = adaptive_spin_count;
uint32_t lock_value;
do {
lock_value = lockword_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
} while ((lock_value & kSpinLockHeld) != 0 && --c > 0);
return lock_value;
}
void SpinLock::SlowLock() {
uint32_t lock_value = SpinLoop();
lock_value = TryLockInternal(lock_value, 0);
if ((lock_value & kSpinLockHeld) == 0) {
return;
}
base_internal::SchedulingMode scheduling_mode;
if ((lock_value & kSpinLockCooperative) != 0) {
scheduling_mode = base_internal::SCHEDULE_COOPERATIVE_AND_KERNEL;
} else {
scheduling_mode = base_internal::SCHEDULE_KERNEL_ONLY;
}
// The lock was not obtained initially, so this thread needs to wait for
// it. Record the current timestamp in the local variable wait_start_time
// so the total wait time can be stored in the lockword once this thread
// obtains the lock.
int64_t wait_start_time = CycleClock::Now();
uint32_t wait_cycles = 0;
int lock_wait_call_count = 0;
while ((lock_value & kSpinLockHeld) != 0) {
// If the lock is currently held, but not marked as having a sleeper, mark
// it as having a sleeper.
if ((lock_value & kWaitTimeMask) == 0) {
// Here, just "mark" that the thread is going to sleep. Don't store the
// lock wait time in the lock as that will cause the current lock
// owner to think it experienced contention.
if (lockword_.compare_exchange_strong(
lock_value, lock_value | kSpinLockSleeper,
std::memory_order_relaxed, std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
// Successfully transitioned to kSpinLockSleeper. Pass
// kSpinLockSleeper to the SpinLockWait routine to properly indicate
// the last lock_value observed.
lock_value |= kSpinLockSleeper;
} else if ((lock_value & kSpinLockHeld) == 0) {
// Lock is free again, so try and acquire it before sleeping. The
// new lock state will be the number of cycles this thread waited if
// this thread obtains the lock.
lock_value = TryLockInternal(lock_value, wait_cycles);
continue; // Skip the delay at the end of the loop.
}
}
// SpinLockDelay() calls into fiber scheduler, we need to see
// synchronization there to avoid false positives.
ABSL_TSAN_MUTEX_PRE_DIVERT(this, 0);
// Wait for an OS specific delay.
base_internal::SpinLockDelay(&lockword_, lock_value, ++lock_wait_call_count,
scheduling_mode);
ABSL_TSAN_MUTEX_POST_DIVERT(this, 0);
// Spin again after returning from the wait routine to give this thread
// some chance of obtaining the lock.
lock_value = SpinLoop();
wait_cycles = EncodeWaitCycles(wait_start_time, CycleClock::Now());
lock_value = TryLockInternal(lock_value, wait_cycles);
}
}
void SpinLock::SlowUnlock(uint32_t lock_value) {
base_internal::SpinLockWake(&lockword_,
false); // wake waiter if necessary
// If our acquisition was contended, collect contentionz profile info. We
// reserve a unitary wait time to represent that a waiter exists without our
// own acquisition having been contended.
if ((lock_value & kWaitTimeMask) != kSpinLockSleeper) {
const uint64_t wait_cycles = DecodeWaitCycles(lock_value);
ABSL_TSAN_MUTEX_PRE_DIVERT(this, 0);
submit_profile_data(this, wait_cycles);
ABSL_TSAN_MUTEX_POST_DIVERT(this, 0);
}
}
// We use the upper 29 bits of the lock word to store the time spent waiting to
// acquire this lock. This is reported by contentionz profiling. Since the
// lower bits of the cycle counter wrap very quickly on high-frequency
// processors we divide to reduce the granularity to 2^kProfileTimestampShift
// sized units. On a 4Ghz machine this will lose track of wait times greater
// than (2^29/4 Ghz)*128 =~ 17.2 seconds. Such waits should be extremely rare.
static constexpr int kProfileTimestampShift = 7;
// We currently reserve the lower 3 bits.
static constexpr int kLockwordReservedShift = 3;
uint32_t SpinLock::EncodeWaitCycles(int64_t wait_start_time,
int64_t wait_end_time) {
static const int64_t kMaxWaitTime =
std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() >> kLockwordReservedShift;
int64_t scaled_wait_time =
(wait_end_time - wait_start_time) >> kProfileTimestampShift;
// Return a representation of the time spent waiting that can be stored in
// the lock word's upper bits.
uint32_t clamped = static_cast<uint32_t>(
std::min(scaled_wait_time, kMaxWaitTime) << kLockwordReservedShift);
if (clamped == 0) {
return kSpinLockSleeper; // Just wake waiters, but don't record contention.
}
// Bump up value if necessary to avoid returning kSpinLockSleeper.
const uint32_t kMinWaitTime =
kSpinLockSleeper + (1 << kLockwordReservedShift);
if (clamped == kSpinLockSleeper) {
return kMinWaitTime;
}
return clamped;
}
uint64_t SpinLock::DecodeWaitCycles(uint32_t lock_value) {
// Cast to uint32_t first to ensure bits [63:32] are cleared.
const uint64_t scaled_wait_time =
static_cast<uint32_t>(lock_value & kWaitTimeMask);
return scaled_wait_time << (kProfileTimestampShift - kLockwordReservedShift);
}
} // namespace base_internal
ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
} // namespace absl
