//! This program imports Russian language data from OpenCorpora
//! ("Открытый корпус") and OpenRussian into a SQLite database that
//! can be used for [//corp/russian][corp-russian] projects.
//!
//! [corp-russian]: https://at.tvl.fyi/?q=%2F%2Fcorp%2Frussian
//!
//! Ideally, running this on intact dumps should yield a fully
//! functional SQLite database compatible with all other tools
//! consuming it.
//!
//! ## OpenCorpora format
//!
//! The format used is partially documented on the [OpenCorpora
//! website][format-docs]. This seems to be a slightly outdated
//! format, however, hence some information about what the format
//! seems to be today.
//!
//! [format-docs]: http://opencorpora.org/?page=export
//!
//! The format is an XML file, which has several categories of data,
//! each with their own schema:
//!
//! * `grammemes`: These define units of grammar. They're *likely* pretty
//! static, and we'll *likely* want to map them into a custom set of
//! (simpler) categories.
//!
//! They form some kind of internal hierarchy, where some of them have a
//! `parent` attribute set to some other grammemes `name`.
//!
//! There's a ridiculous number of these.
//!
//! * `restrictions`: Unclear, not documented on the page. They describe
//! something about the relationship between grammemes.
//!
//! * `lemmata`: this lists the actual lemmas, as well as all their
//! included morphological variants
//!
//! Each lemma has an `id` attribute uniquely identifying its dictionary
//! form, as well as a number of sub-elements:
//!
//! * the `l` attribute contains the lemma itself
//! * the `f` attributes contain morphological variations
//!
//! Each of these sub elements again contains a number of `g` elements,
//! which refer to the IDs of grammems in their `v` attributes.
//!
//! * `<link_types>` These list possible "relationships between lemmas",
//! basically just assigning them IDs and names. There's only 27 of
//! these.
//!
//! * `<links>`: Using the types defined above, this establishes links
//! between lemmas that have some kind of relationship.
//!
//! For example, a relationship `cardinal/ordinal` might be established
//! between the lemmas "два" and "второй".
//!
//! ## OpenRussian format
//!
//! The [OpenRussian](https://en.openrussian.org/dictionary) project
//! lets users export its database as a set of CSV-files. For our
//! purposes, we download the files using `<tab>` separators.
//!
//! Whereas OpenCorpora opts for a flat structure with a "tag" system
//! (through its flexible grammemes), OpenRussian has a fixed pre-hoc
//! structure into which it sorts some words with their morphologies.
//! The OpenRussian database is much smaller as of January 2023 (~1.7
//! million words vs. >5 million for OpenCorpora), but some of the
//! information is much more practically useful.
//!
//! Two very important bits of information OpenRussian has are accent
//! marks (most tables containing actual words have a normal form
//! containing and accent mark, and a "bare" form without) and
//! translations into English and German.
//!
//! The full dump includes the following tables (and some more):
//!
//! * `words`: List of lemmas in the corpus, with various bits of
//! metadata as well as hand-written notes.
//!
//! * `adjectives`: Contains IDs for words that are adjectives.
//!
//! * `nouns`: IDs for words that are nouns; and noun metadata (e.g.
//! gender, declinability)
//!
//! * `verbs`: IDs of words that are verbs, including their aspect and
//! "partnered" verb in the other aspect
//!
//! * `words_forms`: Contains all morphed variants of the lemmas from
//! `words`, including information about their grammeme, and accent
//! marks.
//!
//! * `words_rels`: Contains relations between words, containing
//! information like "synonyms" or general relation between words.
//!
//! * `translations`: Contains translations tagged by target language,
//! as well as examples and (occasionally) additional information.
//!
//! These tables also contain something, but have not been analysed
//! yet:
//!
//! * `expressions_words`
//! * `sentences`
//! * `sentences_translations`
//! * `sentences_words`
use log::{error, info};
use rusqlite::{Connection, Result};
use std::env;
use std::fmt::Display;
use std::fs::File;
use std::io::BufReader;
mod db_setup;
mod mappings;
mod oc_parser;
mod or_parser;
struct Args {
output: String,
or_input: String,
oc_input: String,
}
impl Args {
fn populated(&self) -> bool {
!(self.output.is_empty() || self.or_input.is_empty() || self.oc_input.is_empty())
}
}
fn usage(binary_name: &str) {
bail(format!(
"usage: {} --output <output-file> --or-input <or-input> --oc-input <oc-input>",
binary_name
));
}
fn parse_args() -> Args {
let mut args_iter = env::args();
let binary_name = args_iter.next().unwrap();
let mut args = Args {
output: "".into(),
or_input: env::var("OPENRUSSIAN_DATA").unwrap_or_default(),
oc_input: env::var("OPENCORPORA_DATA").unwrap_or_default(),
};
loop {
if args.populated() {
break;
}
while let Some(arg) = args_iter.next() {
match arg.as_str() {
"--output" => {
args.output = args_iter.next().unwrap();
}
"--or-input" => {
args.or_input = args_iter.next().unwrap();
}
"--oc-input" => {
args.oc_input = args_iter.next().unwrap();
}
_ => usage(&binary_name),
}
}
}
if args.output.is_empty() || args.or_input.is_empty() || args.oc_input.is_empty() {
usage(&binary_name);
}
args
}
fn open_corpora(conn: &Connection, args: &Args) {
let input_file = File::open(&args.oc_input).ensure("failed to open input file");
let mut parser = oc_parser::OpenCorporaParser::new(BufReader::new(input_file));
db_setup::initial_oc_schema(&conn);
let mut tx = conn
.unchecked_transaction()
.ensure("failed to start transaction");
let mut count = 0;
while let Some(elem) = parser.next_element() {
// commit every 1000 things
if count % 1000 == 0 {
tx.commit().ensure("transaction failed");
tx = conn
.unchecked_transaction()
.ensure("failed to start new transaction");
info!("transaction committed at watermark {}", count);
}
db_setup::insert_oc_element(&tx, elem);
count += 1;
}
tx.commit().ensure("final OpenCorpora commit failed");
info!("finished OpenCorpora import");
}
fn open_russian(conn: &Connection, args: &Args) {
let parser = or_parser::OpenRussianParser::new(&args.or_input);
db_setup::initial_or_schema(conn);
{
let tx = conn
.unchecked_transaction()
.ensure("failed to start transaction");
db_setup::insert_or_words(&tx, parser.words());
tx.commit().ensure("OpenRussian words commit failed");
}
{
let tx = conn
.unchecked_transaction()
.ensure("failed to start transaction");
db_setup::insert_or_word_forms(&tx, parser.words_forms());
tx.commit().ensure("OpenRussian word forms commit failed");
}
{
let tx = conn
.unchecked_transaction()
.ensure("failed to start transaction");
db_setup::insert_or_translations(&tx, parser.translations());
tx.commit().ensure("OpenRussian translations commit failed");
}
info!("finished OpenRussian import");
}
fn main() {
env_logger::builder()
.filter_level(log::LevelFilter::Info)
.init();
let args = parse_args();
info!("output path: {}", args.output);
info!("OpenCorpora input path: {}", args.oc_input);
info!("OpenRussian input path: {}", args.or_input);
let conn = Connection::open(&args.output).ensure("failed to open DB connection");
open_corpora(&conn, &args);
open_russian(&conn, &args);
// afterwards:
// add actual IDs to grammemes
// properly reference keys internally
// add foreign key constraint on lemma_grammemes.grammeme
}
/// It's like `expect`, but through `log::error`.
trait Ensure<T> {
fn ensure<S: Into<String>>(self, msg: S) -> T;
}
impl<T, E: Display> Ensure<T> for Result<T, E> {
fn ensure<S: Into<String>>(self, msg: S) -> T {
match self {
Ok(x) => x,
Err(err) => {
error!("{}: {}", msg.into(), err);
std::process::exit(1);
}
}
}
}
impl<T> Ensure<T> for Option<T> {
fn ensure<S: Into<String>>(self, msg: S) -> T {
match self {
Some(x) => x,
None => {
error!("{}", msg.into());
std::process::exit(1);
}
}
}
}
fn bail<S: Into<String>>(msg: S) -> ! {
error!("{}", msg.into());
std::process::exit(1);
}
