use crate::blobservice::BlobService;
use crate::directoryservice::DirectoryPutter;
use crate::directoryservice::DirectoryService;
use crate::proto::node::Node;
use crate::proto::Directory;
use crate::proto::DirectoryNode;
use crate::proto::FileNode;
use crate::proto::SymlinkNode;
use crate::Error as CastoreError;
use async_stream::stream;
use futures::pin_mut;
use futures::Stream;
use std::fs::FileType;
use tracing::Level;

#[cfg(target_family = "unix")]
use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;

use std::{
    collections::HashMap,
    fmt::Debug,
    os::unix::prelude::PermissionsExt,
    path::{Path, PathBuf},
};
use tokio_stream::StreamExt;
use tracing::instrument;
use walkdir::DirEntry;
use walkdir::WalkDir;

#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
use std::collections::HashSet;

#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
pub enum Error {
    #[error("failed to upload directory at {0}: {1}")]
    UploadDirectoryError(PathBuf, CastoreError),

    #[error("invalid encoding encountered for entry {0:?}")]
    InvalidEncoding(PathBuf),

    #[error("unable to stat {0}: {1}")]
    UnableToStat(PathBuf, std::io::Error),

    #[error("unable to open {0}: {1}")]
    UnableToOpen(PathBuf, std::io::Error),

    #[error("unable to read {0}: {1}")]
    UnableToRead(PathBuf, std::io::Error),

    #[error("unsupported file {0} type: {1:?}")]
    UnsupportedFileType(PathBuf, FileType),
}

impl From<CastoreError> for Error {
    fn from(value: CastoreError) -> Self {
        match value {
            CastoreError::InvalidRequest(_) => panic!("tvix bug"),
            CastoreError::StorageError(_) => panic!("error"),
        }
    }
}

impl From<Error> for std::io::Error {
    fn from(value: Error) -> Self {
        std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Other, value)
    }
}

/// Walk the filesystem at a given path and returns a level-keyed list of directory entries.
///
/// This is how [`ingest_path`] assembles the set of entries to pass on [`ingest_entries`].
/// This low-level function can be used if additional filtering or processing is required on the
/// entries.
///
/// Level here is in the context of graph theory, e.g. 2-level nodes
/// are nodes that are at depth 2.
///
/// This function will walk the filesystem using `walkdir` and will consume
/// `O(#number of entries)` space.
#[instrument(fields(path), err)]
pub fn walk_path_for_ingestion<P>(path: P) -> Result<Vec<Vec<DirEntry>>, Error>
where
    P: AsRef<Path> + std::fmt::Debug,
{
    let mut entries_per_depths: Vec<Vec<DirEntry>> = vec![Vec::new()];
    for entry in WalkDir::new(path.as_ref())
        .follow_links(false)
        .follow_root_links(false)
        .contents_first(false)
        .sort_by_file_name()
        .into_iter()
    {
        // Entry could be a NotFound, if the root path specified does not exist.
        let entry = entry.map_err(|e| {
            Error::UnableToOpen(
                PathBuf::from(path.as_ref()),
                e.into_io_error().expect("walkdir err must be some"),
            )
        })?;

        if entry.depth() >= entries_per_depths.len() {
            debug_assert!(
                entry.depth() == entries_per_depths.len(),
                "Received unexpected entry with depth {} during descent, previously at {}",
                entry.depth(),
                entries_per_depths.len()
            );

            entries_per_depths.push(vec![entry]);
        } else {
            entries_per_depths[entry.depth()].push(entry);
        }
    }

    Ok(entries_per_depths)
}

/// Convert a leveled-key vector of filesystem entries into a stream of
/// [DirEntry] in a way that honors the Merkle invariant, i.e. from bottom to top.
pub fn leveled_entries_to_stream(
    entries_per_depths: Vec<Vec<DirEntry>>,
) -> impl Stream<Item = DirEntry> {
    stream! {
        for level in entries_per_depths.into_iter().rev() {
            for entry in level.into_iter() {
                yield entry;
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Ingests the contents at a given path into the tvix store, interacting with a [BlobService] and
/// [DirectoryService]. It returns the root node or an error.
///
/// It does not follow symlinks at the root, they will be ingested as actual symlinks.
#[instrument(skip(blob_service, directory_service), fields(path), err)]
pub async fn ingest_path<'a, BS, DS, P>(
    blob_service: BS,
    directory_service: DS,
    path: P,
) -> Result<Node, Error>
where
    P: AsRef<Path> + std::fmt::Debug,
    BS: AsRef<dyn BlobService> + Clone,
    DS: AsRef<dyn DirectoryService>,
{
    let entries = walk_path_for_ingestion(path)?;
    let entries_stream = leveled_entries_to_stream(entries);
    pin_mut!(entries_stream);

    ingest_entries(blob_service, directory_service, entries_stream).await
}

/// The Merkle invariant checker is an internal structure to perform bookkeeping of all directory
/// entries we are ingesting and verifying we are ingesting them in the right order.
///
/// That is, whenever we process an entry `L`, we would like to verify if we didn't process earlier
/// an entry `P` such that `P` is an **ancestor** of `L`.
///
/// If such a thing happened, it means that we have processed something like:
///
///```no_trust
///        A
///       / \
///      B   C
///     / \   \
///    G  F    P <--------- processed before this one
///           / \                                  |
///          D  E                                  |
///              \                                 |
///               L  <-----------------------------+
/// ```
///
/// This is exactly what must never happen.
///
/// Note: this checker is local, it can only see what happens on our side, not on the remote side,
/// i.e. the different remote services.
#[derive(Default)]
#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
struct MerkleInvariantChecker {
    seen: HashSet<PathBuf>,
}

#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
impl MerkleInvariantChecker {
    /// See a directory entry and remember it.
    fn see(&mut self, node: &DirEntry) {
        self.seen.insert(node.path().to_owned());
    }

    /// Returns a potential ancestor already seen for that directory entry.
    fn find_ancestor<'a>(&self, node: &'a DirEntry) -> Option<&'a Path> {
        node.path().ancestors().find(|p| self.seen.contains(*p))
    }
}

/// Ingests elements from the given stream of [`DirEntry`] into a the passed [`BlobService`] and
/// [`DirectoryService`].
/// It does not follow symlinks at the root, they will be ingested as actual symlinks.
#[instrument(skip_all, ret(level = Level::TRACE), err)]
pub async fn ingest_entries<'a, BS, DS, S>(
    blob_service: BS,
    directory_service: DS,
    mut direntry_stream: S,
) -> Result<Node, Error>
where
    BS: AsRef<dyn BlobService> + Clone,
    DS: AsRef<dyn DirectoryService>,
    S: Stream<Item = DirEntry> + std::marker::Unpin,
{
    let mut directories: HashMap<PathBuf, Directory> = HashMap::default();

    let mut directory_putter = directory_service.as_ref().put_multiple_start();

    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
    let mut invariant_checker: MerkleInvariantChecker = Default::default();

    // We need to process a directory's children before processing
    // the directory itself in order to have all the data needed
    // to compute the hash.
    while let Some(entry) = direntry_stream.next().await {
        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
        {
            // If we find an ancestor before we see this entry, this means that the caller
            // broke the contract, refer to the documentation of the invariant checker to
            // understand the reasoning here.
            if let Some(ancestor) = invariant_checker.find_ancestor(&entry) {
                panic!("Tvix bug: merkle invariant checker discovered that {} was processed before {}!",
                    ancestor.display(),
                    entry.path().display()
                );
            }

            invariant_checker.see(&entry);
        }

        // FUTUREWORK: handle directory putting here, rather than piping it through process_entry.
        let node = process_entry(
            blob_service.clone(),
            &mut directory_putter,
            &entry,
            // process_entry wants an Option<Directory> in case the entry points to a directory.
            // make sure to provide it.
            // If the directory has contents, we already have it in
            // `directories` because we iterate over depth in reverse order (deepest to
            // shallowest).
            if entry.file_type().is_dir() {
                Some(
                    directories
                        .remove(entry.path())
                        // In that case, it contained no children
                        .unwrap_or_default(),
                )
            } else {
                None
            },
        )
        .await?;

        if entry.depth() == 0 {
            // Make sure all the directories are flushed.
            // FUTUREWORK: `debug_assert!` the resulting Ok(b3_digest) to be equal
            // to `directories.get(entry.path())`.
            if entry.file_type().is_dir() {
                directory_putter.close().await?;
            }
            return Ok(node);
        } else {
            // calculate the parent path, and make sure we register the node there.
            // NOTE: entry.depth() > 0
            let parent_path = entry.path().parent().unwrap().to_path_buf();

            // record node in parent directory, creating a new [proto:Directory] if not there yet.
            let parent_directory = directories.entry(parent_path).or_default();
            match node {
                Node::Directory(e) => parent_directory.directories.push(e),
                Node::File(e) => parent_directory.files.push(e),
                Node::Symlink(e) => parent_directory.symlinks.push(e),
            }
        }
    }
    // unreachable, we already bailed out before if root doesn't exist.
    unreachable!("Tvix bug: no root node emitted during ingestion")
}

/// This processes a given [walkdir::DirEntry] and returns a
/// proto::node::Node, depending on the type of the entry.
///
/// If the entry is a file, its contents are uploaded.
/// If the entry is a directory, the Directory is uploaded as well.
/// For this to work, it relies on the caller to provide the directory object
/// with the previously returned (child) nodes.
///
/// It assumes to be called only if all children of it have already been processed. If the entry is
/// indeed a directory, it'll also upload that directory to the store. For this, the
/// so-far-assembled Directory object for this path needs to be passed in.
///
/// It assumes the caller adds returned nodes to the directories it assembles.
#[instrument(skip_all, fields(entry.file_type=?&entry.file_type(),entry.path=?entry.path()))]
async fn process_entry<'a, BS>(
    blob_service: BS,
    directory_putter: &'a mut Box<dyn DirectoryPutter>,
    entry: &'a walkdir::DirEntry,
    maybe_directory: Option<Directory>,
) -> Result<Node, Error>
where
    BS: AsRef<dyn BlobService> + Clone,
{
    let file_type = entry.file_type();

    if file_type.is_dir() {
        let directory = maybe_directory
            .expect("tvix bug: must be called with some directory in the case of directory");
        let directory_digest = directory.digest();
        let directory_size = directory.size();

        // upload this directory
        directory_putter
            .put(directory)
            .await
            .map_err(|e| Error::UploadDirectoryError(entry.path().to_path_buf(), e))?;

        return Ok(Node::Directory(DirectoryNode {
            name: entry.file_name().as_bytes().to_owned().into(),
            digest: directory_digest.into(),
            size: directory_size,
        }));
    }

    if file_type.is_symlink() {
        let target: bytes::Bytes = std::fs::read_link(entry.path())
            .map_err(|e| Error::UnableToStat(entry.path().to_path_buf(), e))?
            .as_os_str()
            .as_bytes()
            .to_owned()
            .into();

        return Ok(Node::Symlink(SymlinkNode {
            name: entry.file_name().as_bytes().to_owned().into(),
            target,
        }));
    }

    if file_type.is_file() {
        let metadata = entry
            .metadata()
            .map_err(|e| Error::UnableToStat(entry.path().to_path_buf(), e.into()))?;

        let mut file = tokio::fs::File::open(entry.path())
            .await
            .map_err(|e| Error::UnableToOpen(entry.path().to_path_buf(), e))?;

        let mut writer = blob_service.as_ref().open_write().await;

        if let Err(e) = tokio::io::copy(&mut file, &mut writer).await {
            return Err(Error::UnableToRead(entry.path().to_path_buf(), e));
        };

        let digest = writer
            .close()
            .await
            .map_err(|e| Error::UnableToRead(entry.path().to_path_buf(), e))?;

        return Ok(Node::File(FileNode {
            name: entry.file_name().as_bytes().to_vec().into(),
            digest: digest.into(),
            size: metadata.len(),
            // If it's executable by the user, it'll become executable.
            // This matches nix's dump() function behaviour.
            executable: metadata.permissions().mode() & 64 != 0,
        }));
    }

    // Nix says things like: error: file '/home/raito/dev/code.tvl.fyi/tvix/glue/src/tests/import_fixtures/a_devnode' has an unsupported type
    Err(Error::UnsupportedFileType(
        entry.path().to_path_buf(),
        file_type,
    ))
}